Date post: | 08-Aug-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | abir-dutta |
View: | 221 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 8
8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)
1/8
ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS
Ascent of Series
Organic compound
R X
Alkyl halide
alc. KCNR CN
Nitrile
LiAlH 4
ReductionR CH2 NH2
Primary amine
HNO2
( NaNO2 & HCl )
R CH2 OH
Primary alcohol
Hydrolysis
OH3+
RCOOH
Carboxy lic acid
Oxidation
Descent of Series
Organic compound
RCOOHCarboxy lic acid
NH3 RCONH2 Acid amide
Br2
KOH
R NH2Amine
HNO2( NaNO2
& HCl )
R OH
Primary alcohol
OxidationCarboxy lic acid
or aldehyde
For aromatic conversion take the help of benzenediazonium chloride
Ethyne into benzene3 CH CH
Red-Hot-Cu Tube
Ethene into benzene
CH2 CH2Br2 H2C CH2
Br Br
Alc. KOH
Polymerisation
CH CHRed-Hot-Cu Tube
Polymerisation
Hexane into benzeneCH3
CH2
CH3
CH2
H2C
H2C
Cr2O7 / V2O5 / Mo2O3
773 K / 10-20 atm. ( - H2 )
Hexane Cyclohexane Benzene
3 H2
Aromatisation
Benzene into p-nitrobromobenzene
Br2 / FeBr3Br
HNO3 / H2SO4BrO2N
Benzene into m-nitrochlorobenzeneHNO3 / H2SO4
NO2
Cl2 / FeCl3
NO2
Cl
Benzene into p-nitrotoluene
CH3Cl / anhy. AlCl 3CH3
HNO3 / H2SO4 CH3O2N
Benzene into Acetophenone
CH3 C Cl
O
+Anhy. AlCl 3
CCH3
O
Ethanol into but-1-yneCH3CH2OH
SOCl 2
( Pyridine )CH3CH2Cl
CH CNa
NaCl
CH CCH 2CH3
Ethane to Bromoethene
CH3 CH3Br2
CH3CH2BrAlc. KOH
CH2 CH2Br2 H2C CH2
Br Br
Alc. KOHCH2 CH Br
Propene into 1-nitropropane
CH3 CH CH2BrH
( Peroxide )
AgNO 2
AgBrCH3 CH2 CH2 Br CH3 CH2 CH 2 NO 2
CH3 COOHaq NaOH CH3 COONa
Sodalime CH4
/ hCl2 CH3 ClNa / Dryether
CH3 CH3
/ hCl 2
CH2CH3
ClAlc. KOH
CH2 CH2Br2
H2C CH2
Br Br
Alc. KOHCH2 CH Br
NaNH 2CH CH
Red hot iron tube
873 K
Ethanoic acid into Benzene
8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)
2/8
ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS
Toluene into Benzyl alcohol
CH3 CH2
ClCl 2 / Boil
HCl
Aq. KOHCH2
OH
Propene into Propyne
CH3 CH CH2CH3 C CHCH3 HC CH2
BrBr
alc. KOHBr2CCl 4 NaNH 2
Ethanol into Fluoroethane
CH3 CH2 OHSOCl 2
( Pyridine )
Hg2F2
Hg2Cl 2CH3 CH2 Cl CH3 CH2 F
Bromomethane into PropanoneCH3Br
Alc. KCN CH3MgBr
KBr ( ether )CH3CN
CH3 C
CH3
NMgBrH2O / H
+
CH3 C
CH3
O
But-1-ene into But-2-ene
CH3 CH2 CH CH2HBr CH3 CH2 HC CH3
Br
alc. KOHCH3 CH CH CH3
1- Chlorobutane into n- OctaneCH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 Cl 2 Na
Dry ether
( Wurtz reaction )+ CH3 ( CH2 )6 CH3
Benzene into Biphenyl Br2 / FeBr32 Br
Na / Dryether
Propene into Propan-1-ol CH3 CH CH2HBr
Peroxide
Aq. KOHCH3 CH2 CH2 Br CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
1- Bromopropane into 2-BromopropaneCH3 CH2 CH2 Br CH3 CH CH2
alc. KOH HBr CH3 CH CH3
Br
Benzyl alcohol into 2-Phenylethanoic acid
CH2OH SOCl2 KCN H2O / H
+
CH2Cl
CH2CN
CH2COOH
Ethanol into PropanenitrileCH3 CH2 OH
SOCl 2
( Pyridine )CH3 CH2 Cl
KCNCH3 CH2 CN
Aniline into ChlorobenzeneNH2 N2
+Cl Cl
-NaNO2 / HCl CuCl / HCl
2-Chlorobutane into 3,4-Dimethylhexane
CH3 CH2 CH
CH3
Cl CH3 CH2 CH
CH3
CH
CH3
CH2 CH3Na / Dryether
2
2-Methylpropene into 2-Chloro- 2-methylpropaneCH3 C CH2
CH3
CH3 C CH3
CH3
Cl
ClH
CH3 CH2 Cl CH3 CH2 CNCH3 CH2 COOH
H2O / H+
KCN
But-1-ene into n-butyliodide
CH3 CH2 CH CH2BrH
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 BrNaI
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 IPeroxide Acetone
2-Chloropropane into Propan-1-olCH CH3
Cl
CH3alc. KOH CH CH2CH3
B2H6
H2O2 / OH CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
Isopropyl alcohol into IdoformCH CH
3
OH
CH3
I2 / Na 2CO3 CHI 3CH3COONa
Ethylchloride into Propanoic acid
Chlorobenzene into p-nitrophenolCl OH OHO2NNaOH
HNO3 / H2SO4
623 K / 300 atm.
8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)
3/8
ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS
2- Bromopropane into 1-BromopropaneCH CH3
Br
CH3 CH CH2CH3
BrH
PeroxideCH3 CH2 CH2 Br
alc. KOH
tert.butyl bromide into Isobutyl bromide
C CH3
Br
CH3
CH3
C CH2CH3
CH3
CH CH2
CH3
CH3 BrBrH
Peroxidealc. KOH
NH2 NCAniline into Phenylisocyanide
CHCl3 3 KOH( w arm ) 3 KCl 3 H2O+ + ++
Propene into Propan-2-olCH3 CH CH2
BrHCH3 CH CH3
Braq. KOH
CH3 CH CH3
OH
Benzyl chloride into Benzyl alcohol CH2 Claq. KOH
CH2 OH
Ethylmagnesium chloride into Propan-1-ol
CH3 CH2 MgCl H C H
O
+ CH3 CH2 CH2 OMgClH2O / H
+
CH3 CH2 CH2 OH
Methylmagnesium bromide into 2-Methylpropan-2-ol
CH3MgBr + CH3 C CH3O
CH3 C CH3
OMgBr
CH3
H2O / H+
CH3 C CH3
OH
CH3
Butan-1-ol into Butanoic acid CH3CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2COOHJones reagent ( CrO3 - H2SO4 )
Benzyl alcohol into phenylethanoic acid
CH2 OHHBr
CH2 BrKCN
CH2 CNH3O
+
CH2 COOH
3-Nitrobromobenzene into 3-Nitrobenzoic acid
Br
O2N
Mg
Ether
Mg Br
O2N
COOMgBr
O2N
CO2
( Dry ice )
KMnO 4 / KOH
H3O+
COOH
O2N
4-Methylacetophenone into Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
COCH 3CH3 COOKKOOCdil. H2SO4
COOHHOOC
Cyclohexene into Hexane-1,6-dioic acidKMnO4 - H2SO4
Heat
COOH
COOH Adipic acid
Butanal into Butanoic acid CH3 CH2 CH2 CHOTollen's reagent
CH3 CH2 CH2 COOH
Ethylbenzene into Benzoic acid
Acetophenone into Benzoic acid
Bromobenzene into Benzoic acid
Phenylethene ( Styrene )
into Benzoic acid
CH2CH3 COOHCOOKKMnO 4 / KOH H3O
+
COCH 3KMnO 4 / KOH
COOKH3O
+
COOH
BrMg
Mg BrC O
O
C
O
OMg Br
OH2 COOH
CH
CH2
COOHCOOKH3O
+KMnO 4 / KOH
Ethanal into Butane-1,3-diol
CH3 CHOdil. NaOH HC CH2 CHO
OH
CH3LiAlH4
CH CH2 CH2
OH
CH3
OH
8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)
4/8
ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS
Ethanal into But-2-enal
CH3 CHOdil. NaOH HC CH2 CHO
OH
CH3
Heat
H2OCH CH CHOCH3
Ethanal into But-2-enoic acid
CH3 CHOdil. NaOH
CH CH2 CHO
OH
CH3
HeatH2O
CH CH CHOCH3Tollen's reagent
CH CH COOHCH3
Benzene into methylbenzoateCH3Cl
Anhy. AlCl3
CH3
KMnO4 / OH
COOH
CH3OH
( H2SO4 )
COOCH3
Benzene into m-Nitrobenzoic acid
CH3 NO2
CH3Cl
Anhy. AlCl3
CH3
KMnO4 / OH
COOH
HNO3
H2SO4
COOH
NO2
CH3Cl
Anhy. AlCl3
CH3HNO 3
H2SO4
KMnO4 / OH
HOOC NO2
Benzene into Phenylacetic acid
Benzene into p-Nitrobenzaldehyde
CH3Cl
Anhy. AlCl3
CH3Cl2 / Boil
CH2ClKCN
CH2CN
OH2 H+
/
CH2COOH
CH3 NO2
CH3Cl
Anhy. AlCl3
CH3HNO 3
H2SO4OHC NO2
OH3+
CrO2Cl2 / C S2
Propanone into propeneCH3 C CH3
O
HC CH3
OH
CH3CH3 CH CH2
LiAlH4 H2SO4 (conc.)
Heat
Propanal into butanone
CH3CH2CHO CH3 CH2 CH CH3
OH
CH3 CH2 C CH3
O
CH3MgBr
OH2 H+
/
K2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
Ethanol into 3-hydroxybutanal
CH3CH2OH CH3CHO HC CH2 CHO
OH
CH3Dil. NaOH
Aldolcondensation
Anhydrous CrO3
Benzaldehyde into benzophenone CHOK2Cr2O7 / H2SO4
COOHCa(OH)2
Heat
C
O
Benzaldehyde into 3-phenylpropan-1-olCHO
CH3CHOdil.NaOH
( Cross aldolcondensation )+CH CH CHO
NaBH4 / CH3OH
H2 / NiCH2 CH2 CH2 OH
CHO
CH3CHOdil.NaOH
( Cross aldolcondensation )+CH CH CHO CH CH CH2 OH
Benzaldehyde into 3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol
Benzaldehyde into -Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
CH
O
+ HCNCH
OH
COOHCH
OH
CNH2O / H
+
Benzoic acid into m-Nitrobenzyl alcohol
OR Cu / 573 K
COOH
HNO3 / H2SO4
COOH
NO2
B2H6 / H3O+
CH2 OH
NO2
Benzene into
p-Nitrobenzoic acid
Benzoic acid into BenzaldehydeSOCl2
Pd / BaSO4
Rosenmund reduction
CHOCOClCOOH
8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)
5/8
ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS
Benzene into m-NitroacetophenoneCH3COCl / AlCl3
C
O
CH3 C
O
CH3
O2N
HNO3 / H2SO4
Bromobenzene into 1-Phenylethanol
BrMg
Mg BrCH3 C
O
HCH CH3
O-
MgBr+
CH CH3
OH
OH3+
Chloroethane into propan-1-amineCH3 CH2 Cl
Ethanolic NaCNCH3 CH2 C N
CH3 CH2 CH2 NH2LiAlH 4
Reduction
Chlorophenylmethane into 2-Phenylethanamine
CH2 ClCH2 C N CH2 CH2 NH2
H2 / N i
ReductionEthanolic NaCN
Benzene into AnilineNO2
NH2HNO3 / H2SO4 Sn / HCl
Reduction
Benzene into N,N-dimethylaniline
NO2NH2
HNO3 / H2SO4 Sn / HCl
Reduction
CH3BrN
CH3
CH3
1,6-Dichlorobutane into hexane-1,6-diamine
Cl ( CH2 )4 ClKCN NC ( CH2 )4 CN
H2NH2C ( CH2 )4 CH2NH2LiAlH 4
4-Nitrotoluene into 2- bromobenzoic acidCH3
NO2
CH3
NO2
Br
CH3
NH2
Br
CH3
N
Br
N+
Cl
CH3
Br
COOH
BrBr2 Sn / HCl NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 K OH2
H3PO2 KMnO 4
OH
3-Methylaniline into 3-nitrotoluene
Aniline into 1,3,5-tribromobenzene
NH2
CH3
N2 Cl
CH3
N2
BF4
CH3
NO2
CH3
+ --+
NaNO2 HCl+ HBF4NaNO2
Cu
NH2
NH2
BrBr
Br
N2 Cl
BrBr
Br
BrBr
Br
H3PO2
+ -
NaNO2 HCl+aq. Br2
Hexanenitrile into 1-aminopentane
Methanol into ethanoic acid
CH3 ( CH2)4 C N
OH2 OH-
H2O2
/CH
3( CH
2)4
CONH2
Br2 4 KOH+ CH3
( CH2
)3
CH2
NH2
CH3 OHSOCl2 CH3 Cl CH3 CN
H+
CH3COOHOH2 /KCN
Etahnamine into methanamine
CH3CH2NH2NaNO2 HCl
( HNO 2 )
+ CH3CH2OHKMnO 4
OHCH3COOH
NH3
CH3CONH2
Br2 4 KOH+CH3NH2
Ethanoic acid into Propanoic acid
Methanamine into ethanamineCH3NH2
NaNO2 HCl
( HNO 2 )
+ CH3 OHSOCl2 CH3 Cl
KCNCH3 CN
LiAlH 4 CH3CH2NH2
B2H6 / H3O+
CH3COOH CH3CH2OHSOCl2 CH3CH2Cl
KCNCH3CH2CN
H+OH2 / CH3CH2COOH
Propanoic acid into ethanoic acidCH3CH2COOH
NH3
CH3CH2CONH2
Br2 4 KOH+CH3CH2NH2
NaNO2 HCl
( HNO 2 )+ CH3CH2OH
KMnO 4
OHCH3COOH
8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)
6/8
ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS
Nitromethane into dimethylamine
Ethanoic acid into methanamineCH3COOH CH3CONH 2
CH3NH2NH3
Br2 4 KOH+ + K2CO3 2 KBr 2 H2O+ +
CH3NO2 CH3NH2 (CH3)2NHCH3 ClSn / HCl
6 [H]
Nitrobenzene into benzoic acid
Benzene into m-bromophenol
Benzoic acid into aniline
Aniline into 2,4,6-tribromofluorobenzene
Benzyl chloride into 2- Phenylethanamine
Chlorobenzene into p-Chloroaniline
Aniline into p-Bromoaniline
Benzamide into toluene
Aniline into benzyl alcohol
NO2 COOHC NN2 Cl
NH2
Sn / HCl NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 KCuCN H
+OH2 /
COOHNH3
CONH2
Br2 4 KOH+ NH2
CONH2Br2 / KOH NH2
NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 KN2 Cl+
+
H3PO2 / H2O CH3Cl
Anhyd . A lCl3CH3
NH2( CH3CO )2O
Pyridine
Br2
CH3COOH
H+
OH-/
NH C CH3
O
NH C CH3
O
Br NH2Br
NH2
aq. Br2
NH2
Br Br
Br
NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 K
N2 Cl
Br Br
Br
+
HBF4
N2 BF 4
Br Br
Br
+
NaNO2
Cu
F
Br Br
Br
NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 KN2 Cl+ CuCN
CN
LiAlH4CH2NH2
NaNO2 / HClCH2OHNH2
NH2ClSn/ HCl
NO2ClClH2SO4
HNO3
H2SO4
HNO3
NO2
Br2
FeBr3
NO2
Br
Sn/ HCl
NH2
Br
NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 K
N2 Cl
Br
+
Boil H2O
OH
Br
CH2ClCH2CN CH2CH2NH2
KCN LiAlH4
m-Nitroaniline into m-ChloroiodobenzeneNO2
NH2
NO2
N2 Cl
NO2
Cl
NH2
Cl
N2 Cl
Cl
I
Cl
NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 K+
CuCl Sn/ HCl NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 K
+
KI / Heat
Aniline into Benzoic acid NaNO2 / HCl273-278 K
N2 Cl+ CuCN
CNNH2
H2O / H+
COOH
p-Chloroaniline into p-Chlorobenzylamine
NH2ClNaNO2 / HCl
273-278 KN2 ClCl+ CuCN
CNClLiAlH4 CH2NH2Cl
Toluene into m-BromotolueneCH3
H2SO4
HNO3
CH3
NO2
LiAlH4
CH3
NH2
( CH3CO )2 O
CH3
NHCOCH3
Pyridine
Br2
CH3COOH
CH3
NHCOCH3
Br
H2O / H+
CH3
NH2
Br
(i) Diazotisation
(ii) H3PO2 / H2O
CH3
Br
m- Dinitrobenzene into m-DichlorobenzeneNO2
NO2
NH2
NH2
N2 Cl
N2 Cl
Cl
Cl
CuCl
+
+
NaNO2 / HCl
273-278 KSn/ HCl
8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)
7/8
ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS
8/22/2019 Conversions(ORGANIC)
8/8
ClassXII ORGANIC CONVERSIONS