Coober Pedy Hybrid Renewable Project and future directions in hybridisationTrevor Gleeson and Mark McNee
13 November 2019
• Acknowledgement
• EDL overview
• Coober Pedy Hybrid Renewable Project– high inertia
• Agnew Hybrid Renewable Project – low inertia
• Future directions
− Reducing enabler and storage cost
− Low load and variable speed engines
Outline
www.menti.com - Access code 93 52 41
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EDL overview
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Diversified asset portfolio
419MWlandfill gas
318MWremote energy
288MWwaste coal mine gas
53MWrenewables
Australia
735MW
12MW
Greece
UK
63MW
USA
257MW
Canada
11MW
A leading global producer of sustainable distributed energy
1,078MW | 100 power stations | 5 countries29
1
10
1
59
21.8 TJ/daygas delivery (LNG/CNG/LFG)
76MW
288MW
318MW
53MW
Number of power stations
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Key
Waste coal mine gas
Remote energy LNG / CNG
Landfill gas Renewables
Office
Australian operations
EDL has 59 assets across Australia.
Our global headquarters is in Brisbane, Queensland.
Diversified asset portfolio
735MWtotal installed generation capacity
59assets
76MWlandfill gas
288MWwaste coal mine gas
318MWremote energy
53MWrenewables
Australia735MW
Perth
KalamundaRed Hill
Tamala Park
Hill 60Hill 50 Leonora
Menzies
Gascoyne Junction
DarlotLaverton
Sunrise Dam
KarrathaBidyadanga
BroomeBeagle Bay
DjarindjinArdyaloon
DerbyFitzroy Crossing
Looma
Halls CreekWarmun
Pine Creek
Yulara
McArthur River
Cannington
Coober Pedy
Wingfield
BroadmeadowsBrooklyn
Corio
BerwickClaytonSpringvaleWonthaggi
Cullerin Range
Mugga Lane
Lucas HeightsBelrose, Grange AvTeralba
Jacks GullyEastern Creek
Glennies Creek
Brown PlainsBrisbane
Grosvenor
Moranbah North
Weipa
TahmoorAppin, Tower
German CreekOaky Creek
Agnew
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Working towards ZERO harm
5
We believe that all our employees and contractors
have the right to go home
safe and well to their families
every day
Lost time injury frequency rate/hours worked (employees and contractors) October 2016– September 2019
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Long-term relationships with our global customers
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Coober Pedy South Australia
• 1.4MW avg. community load
• 3.9MW diesel
• 4.1MW wind
• 1MW ac solar
• 1MW battery
AgnewWestern Australia
• 13MW avg. mine load
• 20MW gas and diesel
• 18MW wind
• 4MW ac solar
• 13MW battery
World leading
Remote energy and hybrid renewables
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WeipaQueensland
• 12 MW avg. mine and community load
• 26MW diesel
• 1.7MW dc solar
CanningtonQueensland
• 20MW avg. mine load
• 39MW gas and diesel
• 3MW ac solar
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Coober Pedy Hybrid Renewable Project
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This multiple award-winning project has delivered lower cost and more stable
electricity for the community at world-leading renewable energy penetration rates.
To date, the longest continuous period the project has operated on 100%
renewables was 93 hours in August 2019.
~75%of electricity supplied to Coober Pedy to date has been from renewables
93 hourslongest continuous period on 100% renewables
Equivalent to powering
1500homes p.a.
4MWwind generation
1MWsolar generation
6,000 tof carbon dioxide abated p.a.
Equivalent to removing
1800cars off the road p.a.
Adelaide
850km
• Commissioned July 2017 - three months settling, two years+ operation
• Exceeding expectations
− 74.5% over last two years - model target of 72.5%
− 75.6% RE in FY19 - target 73.5 % - higher wind
• Current record of 93 continuous hours 100% RE in August 2019
• Live dashboard and annual performance reports at https://edlenergy.com/project/coober-pedy/
• Excellent at managing renewable intermittency
− Resilient to components out of service or reduced capacity
• Very reliable - fewer outages and better power quality
− 3 years pre-hybrid - 4.3 outages p.a., 4.2 hours total
− Last year post-hybrid - 2 outages 0.5 hours total
Coober Pedy Hybrid Renewable ProjectPerformance overview
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https://edlenergy.com/project/coober-pedy/
Solar641.4kW
606.0 W/m2
Battery18.0kW
Wind818.6kW4.0 m/s
Diesel159.0kW
Resistors381.0kW
Flywheel92.1kW
Output1,128.0 kW
Components and live dashboard
• 1MW ac, SMA SC1000XP inverter
• 1.3MW dc First Solar Series 4 PV modules
• 3MW Dynamic Resistor with thyristor control
• 2 x 850 kVA Diesel UPS (DUPS)
• Synchronous condenser• Fast start clutch
• 2 x 2.05MW SenvionMM92 wind turbines
• 1MW cont./1.5 MW peak
• Toshiba lithium titanate
• 50 ft container
• 8 x 518 kW Deutz TBD6V12
• Containerised
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Parameter Units Design Actual FY 18 Post Settling
(Oct 17 - Jun 18)
20 year FY19 FY18 ActualDesign
(9 month)
Customer Load MWh 11,840 11,563 11,570 8,725 8,955
Potential Renewable MWh 16,826 18,444 17,569 12,605 12,853
Renewable “curtailed/spilled" MWh 7,138 8,550 8,728 5,603 5,525
System losses MWh 1,400 1,150 1,017 833 1,059
Net RE to customer MWh 8,288 8,744 7,824 6,169 6,269
Net RE to customer % 70.0% 75.6% 67.6% 70.7% 70.0%
Target RE to customer % 70.0% 73.5% n/a 70.5% 70.0%
Longest continuous period of 100% RE* hrs - 81* 71.5 - -
Wind speed at hub height m/s 7.6 7.9 7.6 7.5 7.6
Solar Resource (GHI) kWh/m2/pa 2,067 2,252 2,211 1,765 1,654
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Performance to date
* 93 hours in August 2019
Coober Pedy Hybrid Renewable Project
Typical daily performance Summer - Jan
Design
FY 2018
FY 2019
Solar
Wind
Diesel
% RE
Typical daily performance Winter – June
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Sample daily performance
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Coober Pedy Hybrid Renewable Project
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Modelled vs actual daily performance
• PPA with Council supported by a simplified performance model that predicts RE to load from measured wind speed, solar irradiance and load
• Simplified modelling and average loss factors means daily performance gaps but good over year.
• Still some room for improvement
− Control changes; minimum engine run time, greater use of BESS, less spinning reserve
− Improving component availability
− Use of 44% of RE spilled
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• PV inverter failures
− Three power stack failures in first two years – all replaced on warranty
− Root cause analysis by SMA ultimately tracked back to third party supplied internal component – entire inverter
replaced
− Remote location > 2 weeks downtime, but small impact on RE% - wind fills gap.
• BESS Container Humidity
− Toshiba specify humidity greater than 15% - BESS unavailable when approaching limit – reduced all diesel off time
− Humidifier installed - performing well.
• Dynamic Resistor Capacity Fade
− Effective kW capacity reduced over time
− Initially thought to be resistive elements but now phase angle controllers suspected
− Units replaced, but root cause investigation is ongoing.
Coober Pedy Hybrid Renewable Project
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Technical issues
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Agnew Hybrid Renewable Project
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EDL is delivering the Agnew Hybrid Renewable Project, a ground-breaking
energy solution for Gold Fields’ Agnew Gold Mine in Western Australia.
Once completed, the project will provide the mine with more than 50%
renewable energy over the long term, without compromising power quality or
reliability.
18MWwind generation
4MWsolar generation
54MWinstalled capacity upon project completion in 2020
13MWbattery system
47,000 tof carbon dioxide abated p.a.
Equivalent to removing
14,000cars off the road p.a.
Equivalent to powering
10,000homes p.a.
Agnew
Configuration
• 16 MW peak mine load
• Stage 1 - operating
− Thermal 8 x 2 MW gas, 2 x 1.6 MW diesel, (4 x 1 MW temporary diesels> 9 th gas engine soon)
− Solar 4 MWdc – 5 MW SMA inverter
• Stage 2
− Wind 5 x 3.6 MW Goldwind
− BESS – 13 MW/ 4 MWh SAFT
− Hydro Tasmania control system
− Commissioning Q1-2 2020
• Low inertia
• Minimum 2 engines on line, BESS to share response
• Coordinated response from engines and BESS is critical
Agnew Hybrid Renewable Project
Low inertia system targeting above 50% RE
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Low to Medium Penetration (RE peak < Load Peak)
• System must manage
• Spinning Reserve (Engine time to take up load)
• Ramp Rates (Loads, RE variability and engine response)
• Step load capacity
• BESS & DUPS are effective at a cost
• Current engines limiting typically 50% minimum load gas
• Low Load / Variable Speed engines can address the minimum load limitations and reduce BESS & DUPS costs
• Larger RE systems have slower ramp rates which engines can potentially match without BESS / DUPS
+ UPS
Desirable Criteria Low Load / Variable Speed
• <10% load capability
• Ability to ramp quickly from low load
• Known / modellable ramp rates
• Security on OPEX
Future directions in hybridisationReducing cost of enablers and storage
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Real world engine response and spinning reserve
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Mill start = Load step 15MW to 21.2MW
Additional engines started prior
• 40% load increase – analogous to RE drop
• How much spinning reserve required
− Lower minimum load
• Can engines respond fast enough?
− Larger solar and more wind turbines lowers combined ramp rates
• Variable engine response
− G3520C gas sets and diesel sets respond first, but some slower than others
− G3516LE gas units slower to respond
− See next slide
6x G3520C gas (~60%)
9x G3516 gas (~55%)
2x 3516 diesel (~60%)
Sta
tion P
ow
er
(kW
)E
ngin
e L
oad (
kW
)
Load
Spinning Reserve
8 sec 6.2MW
7 MW
Time (2 second data)
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Real world engine response and spinning reserve
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G3520C gas
G3516 diesel (Peak 250 kW/s = 15% of rated capacity)
G3516 LE gas
• Response appears as its not coordinated• Capability varies across engine type and engine age• Response is different from different starting points (as a % of full load)
Ram
p R
ate
s (
kW
/s)
How long could it hold that for?
Dynamic response post initial event can become more critical. Careful with your transient modelling assumptions rebound > load stepBatteries are great at managing these transients
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+ UPS
Future DirectionsHigher Penetration- toward 100%?
High Penetration – RE > Load
• Excess RE “Spill or Store?”
• Daily / Weekly RE variability drives large storage requirement
• Poor capital utilisation from large battery
• Commercial incentive for controllable load /new industries
What is economic for a reliable microgrid?
Future storage options
• Hydrogen
• Compressed air
• Pumped hydro
• Suspended weights
• Flywheels
Future projects
Strong interest from remote communities and miners
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• What does the future hybrid renewable look like?
− High inertia – Coober Pedy
− Low inertia – Agnew electro-chemical battery based
− New storage options
− Combination of above and low load/variable speed recip
Innovation requires courage…Be ready to be told no or its not possible, just respectfully and professionally, keep going.
Thank you
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