16
COOL STARS WITH EXCESSES OF HEAVY ELEMENTS
COOL STARS WITH EXCESSES OF HEAVY ELEMENTS
ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS
PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL
SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS
Editorial Board
J. E. BLAMONT, Laboratoire d'Aeronomie, Verrieres, France
R. L. F. BOYD, University College, London, England
L. GOLDBERG, Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A.
C. DE JAGER, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
Z. KOPAL, University of Manchester, England
G. H. LUDWIG,NASA Headquarters, Washington D.C., U.S.A.
R. LUST, President Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Wissenschaften, Miinchen, F.R. G.
B. M. McCORMAC, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, Calif, U.S.A.
L. L SEDOV, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R.
Z. ~VESTKA, Laboratory for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
VOLUME 114
PROCEEDINGS
COOL STARS WITH EXCESSES OF HEAVY ELEMENTS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE STRASBOURG OBSERVATORY COLLOQUIUM
HELD AT STRASBOURG, FRANCE, JULY 3-6,1984
Edited by
MERCEDES J ASCHEK Strasbourg Observatory, Strasbourg, France
and
PHILIP C. KEENAN Perkins Observatory, Delaware, Ohio, U.S.A.
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY
A MEMBER OF THE KLUWER • ACADEMIC PUBUSHERS GROUP
DORDRECHT I BOSTON I LANCASTER
Library o(COngress Cataloging in I'II b1iulion Data
Slfasbour, Observa t<.>ry Coll<.>quium (1984: Strl$bourg, France) Co<.>l stars with ex~esse$ <.>f heavy elements.
(Astr<.>physic5 and space 5Cience libra ry; v. 114) Includes index. I. CoolsUrs-(:OlljroSIICs. 2. Heavyelement..congresses.
I. Ja5Chek, McrcedeJ, \926- Il. Keenan, PhiUp C. (Philip Childs), 1908- 111. Title. IV. Series. QB843.C6S17 1984 523.S'7 85-1787 ISBN- 13: 978-94-010-S85I-O e-ISBN- 13: 978-94-0(1)..5325-3 DOl: JO.IOO7mS-94-009-5J25-3
PublisMd by D. Reidel Publishing Com~ny, P.O. 80x 17,3300 AI. Doldrecht, Holland .
Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by ){Ju_r Academic Publishers,
190 Old rkrby Su«t, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A.
[n aU other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwel Academic Publishers Group,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordre<:ht, HoUand.
AU Rights Reserved CI 1985 by D. Reidel Pubtishing Company, Doldrecht, HOlland
Softcover reprint of !hi: hardcover I st edition 1985 No part of the matelial protected by this copyright noti~e may be reproduced or
utilized in any f<.>rm <.>, by any muns, ekctronic or mechanical including pho t<.>copy inS, ,ecording Or by any information stor. and
retrieval system, without written permission from the oopy right owner
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ix
THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEES xi
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS xiii
WELCOMING ADDRESS xv
I. - SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT DEFINE THE GROUPS
OF PECULIAR COOL STARS.
1. C. JASCHEK : Taxonomy of late-type giants (Review paper) 3
2. S.B. YORKA, P.C. KEENAN : Spectral classification and the 15 relations between peculiar giants.
3. R.M. CATCHPOLE, P.A. WHITELOCK : The infrared spectra 19 of red variables: II. The SC and CS stars.
4. P.K. LU, A.R. UPGREN : Spectrophotometric characteristics 25 of barium stars.
5. Y. FUJITA: Identification of photographic infrared spectral 31 region in carbon stars.
6. A. ACKER : Peculiar cool stars in planetary nebulae - The 37 spectrum of FG Sge.
7. W.P. BIDELMAN : The discovery and frequency of barium stars. 43
8. D. EGRET, B.J.M. HASSALL, A. HECK, C. JASCHEK, M. JASCHEK 47 A. TALA VERA : The IUE low-dispersion spectra reference atlas.
vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
9. H.R. JOHNSON, T.B. AKE, J.A. EATON: Ultraviolet spectra of 53 N, Rand S stars.
II. - PHOTOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE PECULIAR STARS.
LIGHT CURVES OF VARIABLES.
10. R.F. WING : Photometric properties of peculiar red giants. 61 (Review paper)
11. R. KIEHLING, J. DACHS : Absolute spectrophotometry of F-, 87 G-, K-, and M-type stars.
12. T. TSUJI : Calibrations of photometric indices on new temperature 93 scales and problem of spectral classification in M and C stars.
13. F. and M. QUERCI : A new photometric system for monitoring 99 carbon star variability.
14. M.S. VARDY A : Some properties of S Mira variables. 105
III. - DISTRIBUTION AND SPACE MOTIONS OF THE PECULIAR
STARS. MEMBERSHIP IN CLUSTERS AND MAGELLANIC CLOUDS.
15. R.M. CATCHPOLE, M.W. FEAST: The distribution and motions 113 of peculiar red giants (Review paper).
16. D. EGRET, M. JASCHEK : The catalogue of stellar groups. 135 II. Cool peculiar stars.
17. F. OCHSENBEIN, M. HOLTZER: Kinematics of late-type giants. 141
18. M. GRENON: Kinematics and spatial density of main sequence 147 SMR stars.
19. M. HOLTZER: Some statistics on barium stars. 153
20. M.F. McCARTHY (S.J.), V.M. BLANCO: Carbon stars and the 159 center of our Galaxy.
21. T. LLOYD EVANS: The evolutionary connection between Sand 163 C stars: evidence from star clusters and the Magellanic Clouds.
22. H.B. RICHER, M.W. OVENDEN, G.D. JOSLIN, B.E. WESTERLUND, 167 N. OLANDER: Kinematics of carbon stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
23. H.B. RICHER, D.R. CRABTREE, C.J. PRITCHET : Carbon and 171 M stars in NGC 205.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
24. R.D. CANNON : Carbon stars in the Carina dwarf galaxy.
25. U.G. JQ)RGENSEN : Carbon stars and S stars near open clusters -a statistical approach.
26. C. JASCHEK, M. JASCHEK, S. GRENIER, A. GOMEZ, A. HECK: The absolute magnitude of barium stars.
IV. - CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF THE SEVERAL VARIETIES
OF PECULIAR STARS. COMPARISONS.
175
181
185
27. D.L. LAMBERT : The chemical composition of cool stars: I - The 191 barium stars. (Review paper)
28. C.R. COWLEY, R.C. DEMPSEY : Rare earth patterns in red giants 225 and blue dwarfs.
29. W. STEENBOCK : Statistical equilibrium of Fe I/Fe II in cool stars. 231
30. N. KOVACS : Chemical composition of barium stars. 237
31. K. UTSUMI : Abundance analysis of cool carbon stars. 243
32. P.D. BENNETT, H.R. JOHNSON :Calcium chloride in the IUE 249 spectra of carbon stars.
33. K.H. HINKLE, W.W.G. SCHARLACH : Carbon isotope ratios in 255 oxygen rich Mira and SRa variables.
34. D.N. DAVIS : Niobium in Rand (S6, 6e) and HR 1105 (S5,3). 261
35. S. GRUDZINSKA : Excitation of some La II, Gd II and V I lines 267 by the fluorescence mechanism in the spectra of the long-period variable 0 Ceti.
V. - MODEL ATMOSPHERES FOR THE PECULIAR STARS.
36. H.R. JOHNSON : Model atmospheres for peculiar red giant stars. 271 (Review paper)
37. R. WEHRSE : Model atmospheres for M (super-) giants with 293 different abundances of the heavy metals and the CNO group.
38. T. TSUJI : C, N, 0, and their isotope abundances in coolest stars 295 of the red giant branch.
39. U.G. JQ)RGENSEN : HCN in stellar atmospheres -a quantum 301 mechanical calculation.
vii
viii TABLE OF CONTENTS
40. H.-P. GAIL, E. SEDLMAYR : Dust formation in stellar winds. 307
VI. - BIN AR Y SYSTEMS. RADIAL VELOCITY CU R VES.
41. R.D. McCLURE : Binary systems among the peculiar cool stars. 315 (Review paper)
42. R.F. GRIFFIN : The first binary orbit for an S-type star - HR 1105 331
43. B.F. PEERY, Jr. A search for companions to irregular variables 333 of type S.
44. J.L. HALBWACHS : The proportion of binaries having Ii degenerate 337 companion : implications on the formation of barium stars.
45. A.V. TUTUKOV, I. IBEN : Formation of helium stars with extended 345 envelopes in binaries.
46. A. HECK, J. MANFROID Mira's role in RR Tel revisited. 349
VII. - EVOLUTIONARY TRACKS OF THE PECULIAR STARS. NUCLEAR
REACTIONS. DREDGE-UP MECHANICS.
47. P.R. WOOD : Stellar evolution, nucleosynthesis and dredge-up in 357 cool giants. (Review paper)
48. H. BEER, G. WALTER: Analysis of Zr and Tc abundances from 373 S-stars using the s-process with an exponential distribution of neutron exposures.
49. R.A. MALANEY : The s-process within the R Coronae Borealis 379 star U Aquarii.
VIII. - CONCLUSIONS. DISCUSSIONS OF POSSIBLE COOPERATIVE
PROGRAMS.
50. R.F. GRIFFIN .: Concluding summary and remarks. 387
51. W.P. BIDELMAN : Opening remarks to the general discussion. 393
ADDRESS TO PHILIP KEENAN ON BEHALF OF THE PARTICIPANTS 395
AUTHOR'S INDEX 397
PREFACE
The idea of this colloquium was first put forward by Prof. P. Keenan when he visited the Centre de Donnees Stellaires, in September 1982. Dr. A. Florsch, Director of the Strasbourg Observatory, kindly accepted to field it at Strasbourg.
The scientific organization of the colloquium was in charge of a Committee chaired by Prof. P.C. Keenan and composed by M. Feast, A. Florsch, B. Gustafsson, D. Harmer, M. Jaschek (secretary), R. McClure, A. Maeder, W. Straizys and T. Tsuji.
The members of the Committee helped to translate the idea into a very successful meeting. It should be added that this colloquium was the first meeting devoted to late-type peculiar stars.
The program was organized by sessions devoted to the following topics : taxonomy, photometric properties, distribution and space motions, chemical composition, model atmosphere, binary systems and evolutionary tracks. Each session started with a review paper, followed by contributed papers presented as posters. The different sessions were chaired by W. Bidelman, R. Cayrel, Ch. Cowley, A. Heck, H.R. Johnson, J.P. Kaufmann and T. Tsuji, who did an excellent job.
The President of the "Louis Pasteur University of Strasbourg", Prof. H. Duranton, welcomed the participants to the University where the sessions were held; Dr. A. Florsch welcomed the participation on be.balf of the French astronomical community and Prof. P. Keenan spoke on behalf on the Scientific Organizing Committee.
The local organization was handed very efficiently by the Local Organi -zing Committee, chaired by Dr. A. Florsch and composed by P. Dubois, D. Egret, J.L. Halbwachs, M. Hamm and F. Ochsenbein. The work of the Committee was greatly helped by the collaboration of the members of the Observatory and the University.
The presence of participants from many countries was supported by finan -cial aid from the "Institut National d'Astronomie et de Geophysique", from the
ix
x PREFACE
"Departement des Relations Internationales du Ministere de l'Education Nationale", and from the "Conseil General du Bas-Rhin".
The meeting took place at the "Institut Le Bel" of the University -Strasbourg I. We thank all these institutions for their support.
November 1984 M. JASCHEK
P. KEENAN
SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
M. Feast, A. Florsch, B. Gustafsson, D. Harmer, M. Jaschek (secretary), P.C. Keenan (chairman), R. McClure, A. Maeder, W. Straizys, T. Tsuji.
LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
P. Dubois, D. Egret, A. Florsch (chairman), J.L. Halbwachs, M. Hamm, F. Ochsenbein.
xi
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
ACKER A. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France BARBUY B. - Observatoire de Meudon, France BEER H. - Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany F.R. BENNETT P. - University of British Columbia, Canada BERGE AT J. - Observatoire de Lyon, France BlDELMAN W.P. - Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. BISCHOFF M. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France CANNON R. - Royal Observatory Edinburgh, U.K. CATCHPOLE R. - South African Astronomical Observatory, Cape, South Africa CAYREL R. - Observatoire de Meudon, France CHMIELEWSKI Y. - Observatoire de Genewe, Switzerland CORNIDE M. - Astrofisica Fac. Fisicas, Univ. Complutense, Madrid, Spain COWLEY C. - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A. DUBOIS P. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France DUSCHL W. - M P I fUr Astrophysik, Garching bei Miinchen, Germany F.R. EGRET D. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France FERNANDEZ-FIGUEROA M.J. - Astrofisica. Fac. Fisicas. Univ. Complutense,
Madrid, Spain FLORSCH A. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France FREIRE R. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France FUJITA Y. - University of Tokyo, Japan GAIL H.P. - Technische UniversWit Berlin, Germany F.R. GRENON M. - Observatoire de Geneve, Switzerland GRIFFIN R.F. - The Observatories, Cambridge, U.K. GRIFFIN - R.E.M. - The Observatories, Cambridge, U.K. GRUDZINSKA S. - Institut of Astronomy, Torun, Poland HALBWACHS J.L. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France HECK A. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France HINKLE K.H. - Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, U.S.A. HOLTZER M. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France JASCHEK C. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France JASCHEK M. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France JOHNSON H.R. - Indiana University, Astronomy Department, Bloomington, U.S.A. J0RGENSEN U.G. - Astronomiska Observatoriet, Uppsala, Sweden
xiii
xiv LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
KAPPELER F. - Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany F .R. KAUFMANN J.P. - Technische Universitiit Berlin, Germany F.R. KEENAN P.C. - Perkins Observatory, Delaware, U.S.A. KIEHLING R. - Astronomisches Institut, Bochum, Germany F.R. KOV ACS N. - Institut fUr Theoretische Phys. und Sternwarte Kiel, Germany F .R. LAB HARDT L. - Astronomical Institut, University of Basel, Switzerland LAMBERT D.L. - Dept. of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, U.S.A. LLOYD EVANS T.L. - S.A. Astronomical Observatory, South Africa LOCANTHI DAVIS D. - Altadena, U.S.A. LU P.R. - Western Conn. State University, Danbury, U.S.A. MALANEY R.A. - University Observatory, St Andrews, U.K. MANFROID J. - Inst. d'Astrophysique, University of Liege, Belgium McCARTHY M. (S.J.) - Specola Vaticana, Vatican McCLURE R.D. - Dominion Astrophysic. Observatory, Victoria, Canada MULLER E.A. - Basel, Switzerland OCHSENBEIN F. - Observatoire de Strasbourg, France PEERY B.F. - Howard University, Washington, U.S.A. QUERCI F. - Observatoire du Pic du Midi et de Toulouse, France QUERCI M. - Observatoire du Pic du Midi et de Toulouse, France REGO M. - Astrofisica Fac. Fisicas. Univ. Complutense, Madrid, Spain RICHER H.B. - Dept. Geophys. - Astron., Univ. of B C, Vancouver, Canada SCHATZ G. - Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany F.R. SEDLMA YR E. - Technische Universitiit Berlin, Germany F .R. STEEN BOCK W. - Institut fUr Theoretische Phys. und Sternwarte, Kiel, Germany F.R. TRAN MINH F. - Observatoire de Meudon, France TSUJI T. - Toky Astronomical Observatory, Japan TUTUKOV A. - Astronomical Council, Moscow, U.S.S.R. VIEIRA T. - Astl'Qllomiska Observatoriet, Uppsala, Sweden WALTER G. - Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany F.R. WEHRSE R. - Intitut fUr Theoretische Astrophysik, Heidelberg, Germany F .R. WEISS A. - Max Planck Institut fUr Astrophysik, Miinchen, Germany F.R. WING R.F. - Astron. Dept., Ohio State University, Columbus, U.S.A. WOOD P.R. - Mt Stromlo and Siding Spring Observatories, Australia YORKA S.B. - Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Denison University, Granville,
U.S.A.
WELCOMING ADDRESS
P.C. Keenan Perkins Observatory Box 449 Delaware OH 43015 - U.S.A.
I just want to welcome you on behalf of the Scientific Organizing Committee, and to say a word about what we are trying to do here. The disentanglement of possible relations between the several groups of cool stars with apparent abundance anomalies is almost certainly not just one problem, but a whole series of problems. We hoped that by bringing you together here, and then locking the doors, you might answers to arrive at least a few of these questions. Perhaps that is too much to expect, but we form a group small enough so that it is not unreasonable to hope that we can make this colloquium an effective working conference -one that will result in some cooperative programs that will lead to solutions.
Now, in order to do that we have tried to leave ample time for discussion - of both the review papers and the contributed ones. The contributed papers are important, but it is always difficult to decide how they should be presented. You well know how often the papers near the end of a session are crowded together and given to a tired audience. That is not fair to the last speakers.
The best way to avoid this is to have them presented as poster papers, and for this meeting we finally decided to ask that they all be poster papers, especially since more papers were contributed than we origninally expected.
The question with poster papers is how to allow everyone to take part in the discussion of them. As at several recent symposia, we plan to follow the viewing of each group of posters with a session at which each author has 5 minutes to speak, after which the chairman will encourage discussion of that paper. The experiment that we are trying is to ask each author not to try to present his results in 5 minutes (the poster have done that), but to just make a few comments on what he or she thinks has been accomplished by the paper. Then, at the end of that whole session, the chairman will have a chance to make whatever comments he wants - perhaps to point out connections between some of the paper.
We do not know how this experiment will work but hope that, with the cooperation of all of you it will give all the paper a fair hearing.
Now, to get down to work, it seemed sensible to agree first on what the groups are xv
xvi WELCOMING ADDRESS
that we are going to discuss. Since Carlos and Mercedes Jaschek are completing a book describing the groups of stellar spectra, we asked them to open the meeting by defining these groups of cool stars, and Carlos has agreed to do that in the opening paper.
