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Cooperation Among Danube Countries in Water Research and
Management
Holistic Material Flow Management of Wastewater, Waste, Biomass and Energy in Stara Pzova and
Indjija Basin
University of Stuttgart ISWA
Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management
Jovana Husemann, M.Sc., M.Eng
Ulm, 27.10.2015
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List of Content
• Part 1: Project Motivation - Status Quo Serbia‘s Water,
Energy and Biomass Sectors • Part 2: Main drivers of actions and Guidng Principle • Part 3: Wastewater and Energy and Material Carrier • Part 4: Case Study Region and Project Outcomes
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Republic of Serbia
• Surface Area: 88.502 km2 • Population: 7,2 Mio. • 60% urban Population • Two autonomous
provinces: • AP Vojvodina (21.614 km2) • AP Kosovo und Metohija
(10.910 km2) • GDP Serbia 2012:
• $ 43 Bil. • 90. place worldwide
(World Bank, 2012)
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Republic of Serbia – Wastewater Management
• 60% of the population or 52% of all households are
connected to the sewer system • 431 Mm3/a municipal wastewater produced in 2013
70% evacuated 10% treated (2% tertiary treatment) 8 optimal operating WWTP
• Danube river is the final recipient 41% over direct discharge, the rest over its drainage basin
• Percentage of industrial wastewater: ~ 20% 4% treated
Ref:, SORSc,2013; GRS, 2011; GRS 2014; JCI, 2011
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Summary of Main Challenges
• No reliable data • Institutional capacity not optimum • Where applied, treatment technology in use is outdated • Insufficient public awareness of sustainable water management
• Average drinking water consumption can go up to 350 l/(cap*day) • Water loss rate 30-80% • Insufficient water tariff structure, approx. 0,41 EUR/m3 • Scarce billing (50% of the generated wastewater is actually paid by the
consumers) • On the household level, only 0,1% of the available financial sources goes for
wastewater utilities
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Republic of Serbia – Energy Sector
Natural Gas 5% Oil and oil
products 12%
Hydro Energy 8%
Coal 72%
Geothermal 0.06%
Wood Fuels 3%
Based on SORS, 2013
Primary Energy Production in the Republic of Serbia, 2012 (SORSd, 2013)
65% 15%
12% 4% 4%
BiomassHydroSolarGeothermalWind
GRS, 2013
Structure of RES potential in the Republic of Serbia
• 34% of energy demand is covered
by import (2012) • Most important domestic energy
sources: • Coal: 90% of required coal • Oil: 30% (Reserves until 2030) • Gas: 15% (Reserves until 2030)
• Estimated potential of renewable energy sources: ca. 6 Mt/a Biomass: 65% • Presently 30% used
Ref: GRSa, 2013, GRSb, 2013
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Biomass Potentials in Serbia
Agricultural Sector • 64% of the territory (5 Mio.ha) is
covered by the agricultural land 65% are arable (0,7 ha/capita) • One of the main contributor of the
Serbian GDP 17% • 58% crop fields & 42% livestock
production
Waste Management Sector • MSW: 2,6 Mio.t/a 50% OMSW • Ca. 70% MSW is collected • 164 Official landfill sites • OMSW at the moment not used for
energy production
Link D.O.O, 2011
Potential Currently usedTOTAL BIOMASS POTENTIAL 30%
Crop production 61%Fruit & Vegetables 36%Livestock 3%
FORESTRY 67%
Organic municipal solid waste 83%Other (confiscates, grace&oil) 17%
2%
0%
AGRICULTURE
BIODEGRADABLE WASTE
1,67Mt/a3,448 Mt/a
1,53 Mt/a0,248 Mt/a
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Main Drivers of Action
• The main priority of the Republic of Serbia is becoming an
EU member state - since January 2014 Serbia is recognised as a candidate for membership
• The adoption of the EU Acquis • Wastewater management sector €3.3 Billion (GRS, 2011) • Waste management sector €2.8 Billion (GRS, 2011)
“How to generate a good quality effluent?”
“How to achieve good effluent quality while minimising energy demand for treatment and generating regional added value ?”
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Nexus Approach
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Wastewater as Energy Carrier
Source: Adopted from Cornel et al. 2011
Reclaimable at the source
Can be transporrted without losses
Potential Energy Epot= m*g*h 122 l/C*d, h=50m 6,1 kWh/(C*a)
Thermal Energy Ethm= cp*∆T*m 40 l/C*d, ∆T=15C 254 kWh/(C*a)
Chemical Energy CH4+2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O
COD = 120 g/C*d; 1 kg COD=350l CH4=3,48 kWh COD (1 mol CH4) = 64 g V = 22,4 l/mol (S.R.T)
152 kWh/(C*a)
Total Energy out of Wastewater 412 kWh/(C*a)
Energy content of wastewater as potential, thermal and chemically bounded energy
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Wastewater as Resources Carrier
m3/(C*a)
≈ 0,05 m3/(C*a) ≈ 0,5 m3/(C*a) 25 -100
Brown flow Yellow flow Grey flow
Source: Adopted from DWA, 2008
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Case Study Region – pilot project for Danube Countries
Municipality of Stara Pazova • 66,000 Inhabitants • 9 Settlements • Surface Area: 351 km2 • 21,000 Households
Municipality of Indjija • 47,000 Inhabitants • 11 Settlements • Surface Area: 385 km2 • 16,000 Households
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Status Quo
3.5 Mm3/a
80%
20%
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Municiplaity of Stara Pazova – Agriculture
• 30.000 ha agricultural land 75% crop production
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Municiplaity of Stara Pazova – Waste Management
• MSW 26.000 t/a • 60% OMSW 15.600 t/a • Collection rate : 73%
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Scenarios Postulation
• Scenario 1 - wastewater is evacuated to one central WWTP • Scenario 2 - one central WWTP and additional decentralised
units For the Scenarios development following was considered:
• Stagnant population number, but increase in sewer network coverage to 95% in the municipality of Stara Pazova and to 65% in the municipality of Indjija (as foreseen by the responsible PUCs)
• Intensified industrial production.
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Scenario 1: Centralised Solution – Water balance
Estimated capacity 120,000 p.e.
4 Mm3/a
5%
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Scenario 2: Centralised and Decentralised Sollutions – Water balance
4 Mm3/a
15%
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Scenario 2 – Energy Production Potential
157,908 t/a
2,036 t/a
15,600 t/a
83,750 t/a
∑ 260,000 t/a
13 c€/kWh
Feed-in tariff
-21%
-22 %
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Identified Potential Biogas Plant Locations
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Path Towards Project Realisation
• Project has been identified as a IPA Priority Investment Project by the Serbian Ministry in charge for Environmental Protection
• Estimated project value € 43,3 Mio • Detailed wastewater quality and quantity analysis • Next Step: Preparation of technical documentation in 2016
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Besonderer Dank für die gewährte Unterstützung geht an:
Thank you for your attention!
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List of Refernces BMELV - Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz. (2010a). Biogas Basisdaten Deutschland. FNR Gülzow-Prüzen 2010 BMELV - Bundesministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz. (2010a). Leitfaden Biogas: Von der Gewinnung zur Nutzung, FNR Gülzow-Prüzen 2010 Dalmacija, Božo. 2011. “Water Pollution in Serbia- Wastewater” presented at the Seminar for Journalists: Environmental Protection Management, Novi Sad. DWA (2002) AVT-DVWK Merkblatt M 363. Herkunft, Aufbereitung und Verwertung von Biogasen, GFA Publishing Hennef 2002 DWA (2003) AVT-DVWK Merkblatt M 368. Biologische Stabilisierung von Klärschlamm GFA Publishing Hennef 2003 DWA (2006). Abwasserbehandlung: Gewässerbehandlung, Bemessungsgrundlagen, mech und biolog. Verfahren, Reststoffe aus Abwasserbehandlung, Kleinkläranlagen Weiterbildendes Studium Wasser und Umwelt, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar. FOSUNS. 2009. “Water Supply Strategy for the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina”. The Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad. FTSUNS. 2009. “Determination of waste composition and assessment of quantities in order to define strategy for secondary raw materials management within sustainable development of Republic of Serbia”.
The Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad. GIWA. 2005. “Transboundary Waters in the Black Sea-Danube Region”. Global International Waters Association. GRS. 2003. “The Poverty Reduction Strategy, The Republic of Serbia”. The Government of the Republic of Serbia. GRS. 2008. “National Sustainable Development Strategy.” GRS. 2009. “National Waste Management Strategy, Republic of Serbia, 2010-2019”. GRS. 2011. “National Environmental Approximation Strategy for the Republic of Serbia”. The Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning. GRS. 2014. “National Priorities for International assistance 2014-2017 with projection until 2020.” The Government of the Republic of Serbia GRSa. 2013. “Draft of the Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia for the period until 2025 with projections until 2030”. The Ministry of the Energy, Development and Environmental Protection. GRSb. 2013. “National Renewable Energy Action Plan”. The Ministry of Energy, Development and Environmental Protection Hartwin, P., Gerdes.D., Schrewe, N., (2010). Energieautarker Kläranlagenbetrieb.14. Erfahrungsaustausch der Obleute norddeutscher Kläranlagennachbarschaften, Lüneburg. ICPDR. 2009. “Danube River Basin District Management Plan”. International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River. http://www.icpdr.org/main/publications/danube-river-basin-management-plan. IGSOP. 2010. “Perspectives for Agriculture of Vojvodina in the Light of Scenarios and Models Elaborated in the Framework of the Research Projects of the European Union”. Research team: Institute for
Geography and Spatial Organization, Poland. JCI. 2011. “Water Management Plan for the Danube River Basin. Part 1: Analysis of the Danube River Basin Characteristics in Serbia”. The Jaroslav Černi Institute for the Development of Water Resources
(JCI). LGMI. 2010. “Local Waste Management Plan on the Territory of Indjija”. The Local Government of the Municipality of Indjija. LGMSP. 2009. “Sustainable Development Strategy of the Municipality of Stara Pazova, 2010-2020”. Local Government of the Municipality of Stara Pazova. http://www.starapazova.eu/sr/strategija_or-
dokumenti/strategija-odrzivog-razvoja.pdf. LGMSP. 2010. “Local Waste Management Plan, the Municipality of Stara Pazova”. The Local Government of the Municipality of Stara Pazova. http://www.starapazova.eu/images/stories/PDF/Lokalni-plan-
upravljanja-otpadom.pdf. Lucius, I. 2011. „Donau in Gefahr. Interview (28.01.2011)”. Retrieved November 7th, 2013. MFAD. 2013. “Sector Analysis- Agricultural Sector”. Belgrade. NAL. 2013. “Property and Structure of the Agricultural Land”. The National Assembly Library, the Republic of Serbia. RDAS. 2012. “Analysis of the biomass potential available for biogas production, Municipalities Stara Pazova and Ruma”. The Regional Development Agency Srem.
http://www.rrasrem.rs/doc/2012/OIE_Ruma_Pazova/Elaborat_Ruma_Pazova.pdf. SEPAb. 2013. “Report on the Environment of the Republic of Serbia for 2012”. Serbian Environmental Protection Agency. SORSa. 2013. “Agriculture and Fishery”. Official data. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. SORSb. 2013. “Census of Agriculture 2012 in the Republic of Serbia”. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.
http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PublicationView.aspx?pKey=41&pLevel=1&pubType=2&pubKey=2106. SORSc. 2013. “Eco- Bulletin 2012”. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/repository/documents/00/01/23/66/SB_571_EKOBILTEN.pdf. SORSf. 2013. “Labour Force Survey”. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/repository/documents/00/00/96/02/SB_564_ARS_2012+sajt.pdf. SORSg. 2013. “Municipalities and regions in the Republic of Serbia, 2013”. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.
http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PublicationView.aspx?pKey=41&pLevel=1&pubType=1&pubKey=2142. SORSh. 2013. “Wastewater from settlements in the Republic of Serbia, 2012”. The Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.
http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/repository/documents/00/01/04/17/ZS40_129_srb+lat.pdf. EU. 2007. “Environmental Performance Review: Republic of Serbia”. United Nations. http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/env/epr/epr_studies/serbiaII.pdf. VUT. 2005. “Nutrient Management in the Danube Basin and Its Impact on the Black Sea”. Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management at the Vienna University of Technology.
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Copyrights
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