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The Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan 1940 to 1980
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Page 1: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

TheCooperative Extension Service

in Michigan1940 to 1980

Page 2: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative
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wenty five years after passage of the Smith -Lever Actin 1914, the pioneers of the Michigan CooperativeExtension Service looked back on their first quarter

century. Assistant Director Karl McDonel documented the"History of Cooperative Extension Work in Michigan,

1914-1939:' The history was published as Extension Bulletin229 in 1941.

Seventy years after the Smith -Lever Act, "Plus Two Score"summarizes Michigan Extension history from 1940 to 1980.Smith -Lever itself provided the springboard and continuingsupport for the unique educational effort that has leftindelible imprints on rural and urban Michigan, touchingthe lives of millions throughout the state.

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New-10:84-4M -WP- KMF

APR33

Cooperative Extension ServiceMichigan State University

MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY

ESCOOPERATIVEEXTENSIONSERVICE

MSU is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Institution.Cooperative Extension Service programs are open to all with-out regard to race, color, national origin, sex, or handicap.Issued in furtherance of cooperative extension work in agricul-ture and home economics, acts of May 8, and June 30,1914, incooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, GordonE. Guyer, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, MichiganState University, E. Lansing, MI 48824.This information is for education purposes only. Reference tocommercial products or trade names does not imply endorse-ment by the Cooperative Extension Service or bias againstthose not mentioned. This bulletin becomes public propertyupon publication and may be reprinted verbatim as a separateor within another publication with credit to MSU. Reprintingcannot be used to endorse or advertise a commercial productor company.

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TheCooperative Extension Service

in Michigan1940 to 1980

Einer Olstrom

Howard Miller

1984

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About the Authors:

~wo Score chronicles the highlights of the Extension Service inl.~c~igan through four decades. It is the magnum opus of two retired

staff members who lived through much of what is now history. Thesefew pages cannot completely document the dedicated work of some2,000 Extension workers who served over the 40-year span. Nor will itcapture the contributions of thousands of volunteer leaders who helpeddemonstrate the true genius of Extension.

Einer Olstromwas with the Extension Service in Michigan for 12years. After 10 years as a 4-H and county agricultural agent, he becamea district supervisor in Northern Michigan. A Michigan native andMichigan State graduate, for more than 20 years he was on the MSUcampus as an Extension supervisor, district director, program leaderand director. He retired in 11)i7 as assistant Extension director forNatural Resources -Public Policy programs.

Howard Millercame to Michigan after ten years as an OhioExtension agent. After earning his third degree at Ohio State, hejoined the information services staff in 11)59. He wasExtension -Rcscarch Information editor and, later, project leader. In196H he assumed leadership for the Extension ManagementInformation System. He held this post with the CES administrativestaff until retirement in 1981.

TIll' l-r.un rr u-r , (fl1m left - l'Llitpr, n(\llal~1 (,regg; authors. EincrUI,tr<'ll1 'ltlel Howur.! \Idler; ,,,,,,Lint,, "elk Bartlett and Linda Dansl-v,

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GratefulAcknowledgements:

Kelly Bartlett, MSU graduate student, spent countless hoursresearching hundreds of names, verifying dates and extractinghistorical bits from the University Archives, references, reports and 40years of issues of the Extension Service News and its successor, TheCommunicator.

Linda Dansby typed, retyped and typed again all the names thatmake up Extension's history and the frequently revised drafts of themanuscript which were generated over more than two years.

"Elder Statesmen and Women" of the Extension Service gaveadvice and suggestions, helped dispel some of the haze of history, readearly drafts and provided encouragement for the completion of this40-year sequel. All were part of the history unfolding on these pages.

Herbert A. Berg, assistant director from 1944 to 1964, keptmeticulous "personnel books" which formed the basis of much of thecontent of this history.

Helen Stophlet, state Extension staff secretary, kept personnelrecords "for years" with Herb Berg, continuing after his retirement in1964until she retired in October 1978.

Don Gregg, retired Extension bulletin editor, edited the manuscript;and Ken Fettig, associate editor; Leslie McConkey, assistant editor;Doris Steinhardt, secretary; and Terry O'Connor, graphic designer,all of ANR information services, performed the myriad tasks ofmoving the manuscript into print.

Epsilon Sigma Phi (Michigan Alpha Psi chapter) gave continuingmoral support and encouragement to this undertaking. Department ofAgricultural and Extension Education under Carroll "Jake"Wamhoff provided supplies, copy machine and work space with acooperative, friendly atmosphere. Director Gordon E. Guyer andoffice staff provided financial support and helpful encouragement.

Countless and unnamed Extension employees supported the ideaof a history and cooperated in its accomplishment.

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---

A WORDTO THE READER...

Athe Table of Contents indicate, the decades from 1940 to 1980provide the structure of the two score years of history. Eachchapter briefly describes the setting, the situation, the prevailing

conditions and events that characterized the decade. Then there is anunfolding of each "program area;' and related developments arerecounted in what may appear to be repetitive detail..

Those who read this history may be struck by this seeming repetitionamong chapters and sections. We ask your indulgence. Lacking astrategy, the selective reader might fail to capture the highlights of anyone period or that of a program area within a decade. It is patentlyevident that CES had no scheme for a bold "Ten Year Plan:'

Each chapter is designed to stand by itself. Even with this attempt atcomprehensive coverage, we recognize that We may have missed namesand events. In addition to exercising editorial prerogatives, we werealso often limited by availability of documentation ... the omnipresentExtension annual reports notwithstanding.

This has been an effort to chronicle an accurate and interestingstory of the 40 years of Extension in Michigan since 1939. We have

tried to feature the many dedicated Extension workers who made thestory possible. As a bonus we have listed the names of some 3,000persons who served with CES since the very beginning in 1914.

We trust that these pages evoke the memories of a colorful andrewarding past, sharpen a clearer focus on the present and inspire abroad vision of the future for the Cooperative Extension Service inMichigan .

.... ..The Authors

.-----------------

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~---

-=-

Contents

About the Authors IV

A word to the reader VI

Prologue 1

Extension in a World at War: the 1940's 7

The Centennial Years: 1950-1959 43

Troubled Times: from Stability to Explosion - 1960's 87

The 1970's: Continuing Growth in Crisis and Challenge 143

Chronology of Extension 193

Directors 211

All Personnel 225

Roster of Extension 233

VII

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ROLOGUETO

FOUR DECADESOF

EXTENSION

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--

In 1940, leaders of Michigan's Extension Service looked backon a quarter century of educational accomplishments.As the decade of the forties began, Assistant Director Karl

H. McDonel (among others) authored a "History of CooperativeExtension Work in Michigan, 1914-1939." The publicationcarried no author byline and was published simply as"Extension Bulletin 229-June 1941." It has become a collector'sitem. The book's opening paragraph commented: "In a quartercentury of Extension Service ... there still is need to look backto the year 1849 for the beginnings of America's firstagricultural college."

In that year, famous for the California gold rush, the Hon.H.E. Lathrop addressed the state agricultural society with a pleathat attention be paid to farmers' sons of the state. Heestimated that four-fifths of Michigan's youth would pursueagriculture as a life's work. That stirred the rural population tosupport the founding of Michigan Agricultural College in 1855.That early educational effort at East Lansing has continued formore than 125 years. Growth came slowly in the first decades,and in 50 years only 1,338 graduates had earned degrees fromthe newly created Michigan Agricultural College (MAC). In' thesecond half century ending in 1955, more than 43,000 receiveddegrees from the state's land-grant institution.

But the new college also was to have an outreach dimension.Rural people were asking how new knowledge generated at thecollege could be transferred to farm families across the state.MAC staff recognized the need. In 1911, President Robert S.Shaw appointed Robert J. Baldwin "Superintendent ofAgricultural Extension" to extend research findings beyond thecampus boundaries. The next year, H.G. Smith was employedas the first "county agent" in Alpena. Within a year, a dozenmore were hired in other Michigan counties. Eben Mumfordbecame the state leader of county agents. Passage of the federalSmith-Lever Act was still a year away.

As the impetus for off-campus programs got in motion, thepresident of the Upper Peninsula Grange Association publisheda leaflet, "Why a County Agricultural Agent?" In the booklet,I.W. Byers posed the proposition: "Farmers have doctors,dentists, veterinarians, lawyers, and preachers for their needs.Yet a farmer has no one to consult if his potatoes get blight,apple trees die, or if his soil gets sick!"

The Grange leader listed ten problems that needed attention.He believed "the county agriculturalist" could provide answers.It is interesting to note that some problems would still remainon a list 70 years later! Byers' list of educational concernsincluded:

• Drift of population to the cities• Exhaustion of the soil• Abandoned farms and absentee landowners• Farm markets• Farm credit• Comforts for farm life• Social life among the farmers• Trained leaders of men• Cooperation• Farm organizations

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----

Birth of an IdeaAs World War I was about to break out in Europe,

President Woodrow Wilson signed the Smith-Lever Actcreating the Extension Service. It was May 1914.A new concept was born. The federal government and stateswould cooperatively support an educational effort through theU.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the nation's land-grant colleges. Michigan's first state-federal appropriation forExtension work in 1914-15 was $26,000. After 25 years, annualfunds for the Extension Service exceeded half a million dollars.But the Depression exacted a toll. Total funds for Extensionwere over $800,000 per year in the early thirties. Then camebudget cuts. But, with World War II at hand, funds wererestored as the Extension Service played key roles in mobilizingthe home front for the war effort. Since 1948, Extensionbudgets have increased by nearly half a million dollars per year.By 1980, the total Michigan budget had exceeded $20 million infederal, state and county funds.

Farm organizations were dedicated supporters for theestablishment of the Cooperative Extension Service in the state.Both the Grange and Michigan Farm Bureau gave vigorousbacking to Michigan State College in the organization of anExtension division. The Farm Bureau contributed financially toExtension work and by 1921 budgeted more than $800,000-afigure greater than both state and county appropriations. Itbecame evident that such shared funding would bring conflict.By mutual agreement, Farm Bureau funding was ultimatelywithdrawn.

Clark Brody, secretary-manager of the Farm Bureau, had beena county agricultural agent in St. Clair County. He recognizedthe limitations of the Smith-Lever Act and championedadditional support for carrying out Extension work. Brody wasalso a member of the State Board of Agriculture, the college'sgoverning- board, for nearly 30 years. This enabled the shift infunding with minimal problems. By the late 1920's, majorfunding for Extension came from state and countyappropriations. Financial arrangements with Farm Bureaucontinued in some states for more than 20 years. All wereformally discontinued in the 1930's. Starting in 1936, salaries ofall county staff were paid from state and federal funds.

AgricultureLeads the WayEarly Extension work was organized by projects.

Agriculture was the major emphasis. In addition totraditional programs in improving crop and livestockproduction, other projects ranged from farm management to soilconservation, corn borer and chinch bug control.

After the appointment of H.G. Smith as agriculture agent inAlpena County in 1912, others were to follow. Allegan, Branch,Genesee, Houghton, Iron, Newaygo, Saginaw and Van Buren

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-----------------------_.

all had an agricultural agent prior to passage of the Smith-LeverAct. By 1920, an agent was available to every Michigan county.State agent leader Eben Mumford was the campus contact from1912 until his death in 1921. Hale Tennant, Roswell Carr andC.Y. "Clint" Ballard followed as leaders of agriculturalprograms. By 1940, agricultural agents were in 73 county offices,and campus specialists were in 13 college departments.

Extension work began in MAC's School of Agriculture. Eventoday, the Cooperative Extension Service continues to beadministered in the College of Agriculture and NaturalResources. But many educational programs reach far beyond asingle college or only minimally relate to farming. Over morethan 65 years, the major focus of Extension work has continuedto be in agriculture, home economics and youth development.Program titles have frequently changed, but major audiences offarmers, families and young people have remained.

Service to families began as "Home Demonstration Work" in1915 and expanded during World War I, which had created anational emergency food situation. Most of the first "HomeDemonstration Agents," as Extension home economists werethen called, were appointed in 1917 when the U.S entered thewar. Michigan's first agent was Ilene M. Bailey in St. JosephCounty. Appointments followed shortly in Genesee, Iron, Kent,Marquette, Ontonagon, Ottawa and St. Clair.

By 1920, 28 counties were staffed with at least part-timedemonstration agents. Paulina E. Raven and Edna Y. Smithwere the program's first state leaders. Early projects with farmand rural families centered on foods and nutrition, health,home furnishings, home management and child care.

4-H club work in the state traces its beginnings to 1908. AMuskegon congressman, J.C. McLaughlin, was instrumental infostering Michigan's first boys' and girls' agricultural clubs. Heinitiated the early corn-growing contests in west Michigancounties. By the end of the 1930's, yearly enrollments surpassed50,000. After the passage of the Smith-Lever Act, Boys' andGirls' Club Work became a part of MAC's new Extensiondivision. E.C. Lindeman was appointed the first state leaderOctober 1, 1914. The first youth agents were in Bay, Barry,Clinton, Delta, Gratiot, Hillsdale, Houghton, Huron, Ionia,Kent, Marquette, Menominee, Muskegon, Ottawa and Wayne.All were appointed in 1917. A young MAC graduate, Arne G."Kett" Kettunen, became a state poultry club leader foryoungsters in 1917. He had earlier served as a 4-H agent inHoughton County. "Kett" went on to spend nearly 40 yearswith Extension youth programs. Nationally known, he retired in1956 after 31 years as state leader of 4-H club work.

The Test of Hard TimesExtension's first 25 years ended in the Depression thirties.

Devastating drought and economic collapse in the earlypart of the decade plunged rural America into unprecedentedhardships along with the entire country. Extension staff werehighly involved with "New Deal" programs aimed at nationalrecovery. The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) of 1933 was

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the first of numerous efforts designed to adjust farm productionand bolster farm income. When the Act was declaredunconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, Congress enactedthe Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1939.

The Depression years were not without impact on theExtension Service. As the economy faltered, there were severecurtailments in public funded programs. County offices wereclosed. Staff numbers were reduced. Salary cuts were frequent.But as gradual recovery came, programs were restored. Thefederal Bankhead-Somer Act of 1935 provided additional dollarsfor Extension work. At the end of 1939, the field staff included73 agricultural agents, 20 home demonstration agents and anequal number of 4-H club agents. To carry out local efforts,"ag" agents frequently wore three hats to direct agriculture,home economics, and youth programs.

As the thirties drew to a close, war clouds once againgathered over Europe as they had at the dawn of Extension.Farm production curbs now were dramatically shifted to an all-out effort spearheaded by the slogan, "Food will win the war."Despite assurances of U.S. neutrality, in December 1941 thenation entered hostilities against Germany and Japan that wereto continue four long years. John A. Hannah had just assumedthe presidency of MAC. Both students and staff were calledinto military service. The Extension Service was to face severetesting on ability to organize and deliver educational programs.

This is prologue for the ensuing four decades-which willrecount educational accomplishments, an agricultural revolutionand the emergence into a space and "hi-tech" age.

- --- -~~~~~~~~~~~~-- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

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•.....--xtension•In

a Worldat War

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As the decade of the 1940's began, some indelible marksin history were destined for the Cooperative ExtensionService. War had erupted in Europe. The U.S. was

inescapably affected hy hostilities abroad despite declarations ofneutrality. As the nation slowly emerged from a devastatingeconomic depression, the uncertainties ahead swept PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt into an unprecedented third term. In1940, when the first conscription for a military draft began,Extension Director R.J. Baldwin's 26th annual report inmid- 1940 offered no hint of war mohilization. Then came theJapanese attack on Pearl Harhor. In December 1941, Americawas at war in global conflict on two fronts. You ng men whohad departed for the armed forces to the strain of "GoodbyeDear, I'll be Back in a Year" were now committed to tenuousservice which specified "the duration plus six months."

On the East Lansing campus, an MSC student hody of 6,000was soon decimated hy the military draft, enlistments, return tothe farm or easily available employment. Robert S. Shaw, whohad served the college as president and dean of agriculture si nee1908, was preparing to retire. July I, 1941, John A. Hannah,once an Extension poultry specialist and later secretary to theState Board of Agriculture, was named the college's twelfthpresident to succeed Dr. Shaw. He was to provide leadershipthat would span nearly three decades and see Michigan Stateattain eminence as one of the nation's major universities. In the

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transition, Karl McDanel, who was assistant to ExtensionDirector Baldwin, was named board secretary to replaceHannah. Roy A. Decker became the new assistant director.

In 1940, few could foresee that a campus which overlookedfarms across the Red Cedar River would have more than 20,000students in less than ten years. In the war-time decade, DirectorBaldwin would turn over the reins of the Cooperative ExtensionService after heading the off-campus program for its entirehistory. But, preceding such events, there would be acontribution to America's war effort of gigantic proportions.From the war years would emerge an agriculture that was tomove rapidly into mechanization with a productivity that wasto become the envy of the world. Michigan's rural scene wouldbe forever transformed.

In The Crucible of WarAs the nation moved from a posture of defense to total

mobilization, the Extension Service assumed newresponsibilities. In 1941, USDA agencies were organized intostate and county defense boards. Agriculture, which was to playan important role in the war years, had already developed"Food for Freedom" campaigns. The Extension Service wouldplay a vital role.

Total appropriations for the Michigan CES in 1941 wereunder $900,000. Nearly 60 percent came from federal funds.Early in the war, Director Baldwin observed: "Our countyagents are in need of help; cars with tires as well as men haveto be found-both of which are difficult." The total staffnumbered about 200 with vacancies almost weekly. The directorestimated that "funds needed are at least $120,000-$140,000 tocarry out steadily assigned new duties." Special funds for war-related activities were appropriated throughout 1941-45. At theend of hostilities in 1945, appropriations for CES exceeded$1 million for the first time. By 1949, the figure nearly doubledto $1,929,978. A precedent was set. The budget would doubleevery 8-10 years. By 1980 it would exceed $20 million.

New legislation bolstered funds for Cooperative Extension.Following the war, the federal Bankhead-Flannagan Act waspassed in 1945. It provided an increase of $4,500,000 for 1946and an additional $4,000,000 for 1947 in payments to states.Other federal legislation in the decade granted federalretirement benefits to CES employees, and a 1944 law grantedthe "penalty mail privilege" allowing all official mailings of theExtension Service to be made, in effect, postage free. As thewar's end neared, an Advisory Assistance Act to veterans waspassed in early 1944 to aid returning service men.

The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 provided forexpansion of marketing education efforts. Federal funds of$2,500,000 were appropriated for 1947. An additional$2,500,000 was allocated for 1948. Beyond that, an additional$5,000,000 was specified for each of three years with a total of$20,000,000 for 1951 and subsequent years. These "AMAfunds" were a significant increase in federal support and resultedin development of new programs in marketing and consumerinformation. Michigan was in the forefront in these efforts.

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Shaping UpDuring Baldwin's last eight years as director, a number of

shifts were made in CES organization. After a quarter ofa century with Baldwin, Karl McDonel succeeded Hannah asboard secretary, and Roy Decker, a specialist in farm crops,became new assistant director. In 1944, Decker was appointedhead of the farm crops department. He was replaced by HerbertA. Berg, a native of Illinois who had come to Michigan State in1928. He later moved to Extension administration from aposition as farm management specialist.

Herb Berg was a legend. For more than 20 years hemaintained meticulous records (and control) of the budget,personnel functions and a myriad of administrative functions.He retired in 1965. As assistant for administration, he keptvolumes of records, wrote hundreds of reports and was awalking encyclopedia of Extension facts and figures. He couldrecall the full name of nearly a thousand staff members whoserved over the years. He also traced and listed the tracts forthe federal land-grants to Michigan, which the state acquiredafter passage of the historic Morrill Act of 1862. For most ofBerg's 21 years his assistant was Floyd Fladseth. An accountantwho monitored an ever more complex budget, Fladseth had therare record to serve under all seven CES directors when heretired in 1974.

"Clint" Ballard became Michigan's second state director in1948 and presided over the Extension Service for four years. Hehad served as assistant cou nty ag agent leader since 1921, thenstate program leader of county agents. An able administrator,he was also a prolific writer, poet, and sometime philosopher.His columns and poems reflected a long association with people.

Patterns EmergeSupervision of field staff and program leadership has

undergone many changes. Most states-and Michigan wasone-struggled for an optimal organization that would providecampus-field liaison. In the 1940's, Extension programscontinued to be organized under three divisions: CountyAgricultural Agents, Boys' and Girls' Club Work, and HomeDemonstration programs. Each program was directed by a stateleader responsible not only for programming but personnelmanagement and supervision as well.

Leadership in the three program divisions during the waryears was very stable. When Ballard became director in 1948, hehad served as an assistant and as state leader of countyagricultural agents for more than 25 years. He was responsiblefor agricultural programs and the beginnings of evolvingeducational efforts in marketing, community development andnatural resources.

Agricultural agents were also the designated countyadministrator for the total county staff. Their official title of"County Agricultural Agent" stood for 45 years.

The name Arne G. Kettunen was long synonymous with

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Boys' and Girls' Club Work in Michigan. "Kerr" had beennamed to head the Extension youth program in 1926. Heserved throughout the forties as the only state leader to remainfor the entire decade. His tenure was to extend for 30 yearsuntil retirement in 1956. The long-time 4-H head lived to seethe acquisition of the site for the state 4-H center in OsceolaCounty which bears his name. His long service andaccomplishments were nationally and internationally respected.

Edna V. Smith had become home demonstration state leaderin 1930. She had joined the Extension Service in the pioneerdays of 1916 and retired after 28 years in 1944. No fewer than16 assistant state leaders served on the staff in her long tenure."Home Demonstration Work" was a fledgling program for manyyears. Only 20 home demonstration agents (HDA's) were on thestaff in 1940. Even ten years later, only half the counties had afull-time agent. Rachel Markwell of Missouri became the first"outsider" to join the administrative staff when she succeededMs. Smith.

The 1940's marked a kind of millenium. Patriarch DirectorBaldwin stepped down after 34 years. Assistant McDonel movedon after a 20-year association with Baldwin. Ballard, Kettunenand Ms. Smith had all headed programs for 25 years. Two ofExtension's veteran quartet retired. Six years later, all four weregone. Never again would any administrator or program headapproach the equal for such records of service in Extension.

1945- Year of VisionMichigan State's basic organizational structure had

remained intact for 30 years. As World War II ended,campus leaders began to look to the future. Early in his term,President Hannah sensed a growing conservatism and feeling forthe status quo in land-grant colleges. Michigan State was noexception. Hannah felt strongly that all divisions needed togenerate a new vitality. He engaged Floyd W. Reeves of theUniversity of Chicago as a consultant to review the entirecampus curriculum and study the functions of both theExtension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station.

The seeds of the reorganization were sown in the budgetrequest made in the fall of 1944 to the state legislature for thebiennium ending in June 1947. The request was hardly modestby any standard. Funds would "provide a budget that wouldallow the Extension Service to render the influence and holdthe leadership which has characterized its past development."An ambitious, ten-point plan was presented that would targetnew audiences and also add nearly 100 new Extension staffmembers.

At the annual Extension conference in early 1945, Reevesgave three addresses in as many days. President Hannah thenasked Agriculture Dean Anthony to establish a "Committee onCollege Extension Organization and Policy." Hannah'sinstructions noted that the committee should consist of peopleother than Extension administrators. The president believedthat if change was to be effected, he should avoid use ofadministration. In his opinion they would tend to justify whatthey were already doing.

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Dean Anthony passed along the president's request toDirector Baldwin who immediately huddled with hisassociates-Berg, Ballard, Kettunen and Markwell. All heldsome reservations of the mandate, and some were to becomeapprehensive and even critical of the process that was toproduce a reorganization.

H.D. Hootman, horticulture specialist, was named committeechair. Extension administration determined that committeerepresentation should be proportioned to the various elementsof the staff. As a result, officers of agent associations wereappointed, and the committee included five agricultural, twohome demonstration and 4-H club agents and three specialists.The latter were elected or appointed by the campus group. Bydesign, administration was not represented. Nevertheless, theadministrative staff was to exert considerable influence as draftsof the report were made. Meeting frequently, the first committeesession was held January 30, and by early June the final draftwas submitted to President Hannah.

Commenting on the work of the committee some years later,Berg noted, "The method of establishment and the compositionof the committee was significant. The members had beendesignated by other bodies, there was no administrativerepresentation and five of the twelve members were agriculturalagents. The committee composition later affected deliberations."

President Hannah and consultant Reeves attended thecommittee's initial meeting. No CES administrators werepresent. Hannah charged the group that theirs was a tasksecond to none. "Forget that you are agricultural, homedemonstration or 4-H club agents," he emphasized. "You have afree hand and every resource on the campus is available toyou." Hannah concluded: "The committee must forgetpersonalities now holding key positions and concentrate ondeveloping a sound organizational structure for the ExtensionService."

Turf and TerritoryWhile the committee had the backing of the college

president to operate "carte blanche," administrativepressures from Extension soon mounted. When a firstcommittee draft of proposals was reviewed by administrators,strong exceptions were noted. Program leaders sensed aninvasion of their "turf." A major recommendation was theestablishment of a single line of authority from campus tocounty staff by creation of supervisory positions. DirectorBaldwin also objected strenuously to the concept of a singleExtension Service for the entire college and especially oneorganized outside the School of Agriculture. In a colorful reportof the reorganization process, Berg noted:

"Baldwin got out the Smith-Lever Act and the(USDA) Memorandum of Understanding and readthem ...he pounded the table to drive home his pointthat the time-tested relationship between the collegeand USDA must be recognized and not disturbed.Baldwin, like Dean Anthony, said the proposal wasillegal.'

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A third controversy grew out of a proposal championed byPresque Isle agent J.A. Brown. Citing the example in the UpperPeninsula, Brown was a strong voice for a similar arrangementin northern lower Michigan. He called for a "new deal" for thearea, complaining that northern counties were given short shriftsupport by campus staff. He proposed a unit of staff andspecialists be established at Gaylord to serve NorthernMichigan.

Then came compromise. During long debates on Brown'sproposal, agent E.A. "Pip" Wenner suggested organizing theentire state into supervisory districts. Berg's report observed:

"Administrators in implementing the reorganizationwere to seize upon this concept as a way of gettingaround Brown's proposal. With this concept camedistrict Extension supervisors to cover the state out ofthe college. Also with this concept came theassignments of specialists to districts of the state ...2

The assignment of geographic "territory" to specialists wasapproved and prevailed for many years. A committee proposalto staff all specialists in subject matter departments drew firefrom both 4-H and home demonstration programs. Heretofore,program specialists had been housed with the state leaders andwere nominally under their span of control. After heateddiscussions and the vigorous opposition of State 4-H LeaderKettunen, specialists assigned to youth programs remained onthe 4-H staff. Throughout the forties, 4-H continued to have10-12 assistant state leaders of youth programs.

Home At LastFollowing input from administration and field agents, Dean

Anthony and Director Baldwin maintained strongopposition to the organization of an Extension Service outsidethe School of Agriculture. The committee acquiesced andrecommended that Extension remain in agriculture. It hasresided there ever since.

In the new CES organizational chart, an assistant director for"Special Extension" was named. J. Donald Phillips, specialist inadult education, assumed the title of "Assistant Director forAdult Education" July 1, 1946. He was the originator of the"Phillips 66" group discussion method, which gained wideacclaim. Phillips and a group of education specialists andconsultants were employed by Extension from 1945-1948. Allwere transferred to the new division of Continuing Educationcreated in 1948. Phillips later left Michigan State to becomepresident of Hillsdale College. Thus, any immediate threat oftransferring CES and concern that emphasis would stray fromagriculture was averted.

House in OrderA committee proposal for improved coordination won out.

A position of "Associate Director and Coordinator ofField Services" was established. County agent leader C.Y.

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"Clint" Ballard, who had maintained a moderate positionthroughout committee deliberations, was named to the newposition September I, 1946. He had spent 25 years withExtension, and two years later he would succeed Baldwin asdirector.

Other changes often moved slowly. Another committeerecommendation created a state leader for agricultural programs.Ballard had performed that function for many years. B.D."Bub" Kuhn, assistant to Ballard as county agent leader since1941, was named to the agriculture post. He was selected July I,1948, after serving a year as an East district supervisor underthe new structure. With Kuhn's appointment, all three programsnow had a state leader both in title and function. The newstructure also created a program-supervisory dichotomy thatproduced an enigma for all future administrations.

For supervision, the state was organized in five districts of15-18 counties. The new districts somewhat placated avociferous contingent from the North which had made a strongbid for a regional office patterned after the Upper Peninsula.This failed to happen. But now, each downstate district had asupervisor with certain implied geographical loyalties.

Employment of the first supervisors took place in early 1947.Gradually, assignments of program leaders were transferred tothe newly appointed supervisors. The director's mandate wasfirm: "Your job is to keep a peaceful Extension family and get ajob done! You are to develop a team within your district." Theappointments were to mark a milestone in organization.

The following were "charter" supervisors under the newreorganization:

Supervisors District Appointment Date

Talking planned pasture prot'ed easier forDon Murray, MSU extension specwlist,u'ith a good herd of Guernsev caHlerelaxing In lush alfalfa pasture. ThIS was at

the Cass Counrv Grass Day nearCcmopolis on the Burton Loupee farm.

EastWestV.P.West ShoreNorth

4-1·473·1·474·1·475·1·475·1-47

B.D. KuhnA.A. GriffithJamie G. WellsHarold J. FosterE.A. Wenner

When the supervisors came "on line," a shift occurred in theadministrative chain of authority from campus to counties. Thetransition period was not without strain. There was no smallamount of disagreement with respect to relationships ofsupervisors with state leaders, program staff and campusspecialists. In 1948, Kuhn, the new state leader of agriculture,was instructed to prepare a memorandum setting forth theresponsibilities of supervisors, state leaders, program andadministrative staff.

State Leaders Kettunen and Markwell had not given up theirstruggle for independence. Protesting to Baldwin and Ballard,the Extension director curtly admonished them to "develop jobdescriptions yourself and we'll try to reach agreement." Accordseemed impossible. Ballard concluded that the prime contentioncentered around personnel management. He drew up aprocedure in which both supervisory and program staff wouldhave input on all personnel action. Over the years the contestfor authority often prevailed. After five directors and sub-sequent reorganizations, the balance of power has vacillated

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W'hCTCthe call corn groU'1 - in Michigan COo,

from supervisory to program function-both in Michigan as wellas other states-in an effort to reach some point of"administrative equilibrium."

As the forties ended, 4-H Leader Kettunen continued to wagea battle to retain autonomy for youth programs. After fiveyears, Rachel Markwell left the home demonstration helm in1949. Margaret Harris, who had served in the U.P., becameacting state leader for a year. Ballard, coordinator of programsfor two years (and poet-philosopher of repute), was heir-apparent to the director's chair, which he assumed Jul y 1, 1948.Baldwin retired after 34 years in that position-the first directorof Extension. In the ensuing 25 years, no fewer than six wouldrise from the ranks to follow him.

Change-The Norm of GrowthAs changes were made in the Extension Service, other

major developments were taking place on the campus.Ralph Tenny, long-time director of agricultural short courses,had developed dozens of conferences, seminars and trainingsessions. In 1948, more than 10,000 enrolled in such campusofferings. Tenny proposed an Office of Special Courses andConferences. Russell Kleis was placed in charge a few monthslater.

But this organizational arrangement was short-lived. Onlyweeks after the Kleis appointment, the Board of Agriculturecreated a Continuing Education Service to he organized July 1,1948. Carl Horn, an administrative assistant to the Dean ofStudents, became the first director. To insure "the propercoordination of the new program," the state hoard directed that"the director of Continuing Education be made responsible toBallard, the director of Extension."

Horn was a dynamic and flamboyant leader. He organized the"flying classrooms," "campus days" and dozens of special events.In the first year, nearly 125,000 participated in the newdivision's programs. In May 1949, less than a year after thecreation of Continuing Education, it was moved from ExtensionService supervision to be administered under a new position of"Dean of the All-College Division." Horn was relieved of dutyin 1950 to be succeeded by Edgar A. Harden. Harden, in turn,would leave the post to be succeeded by Extension DirectorD.B. "Woody" Varner in 1955. Off-campus education would beelevated to the domain of a vice president.

The Die Is CastPresident Hannah believed strongly in the basic charter of

the college calling for "the dissemination of all educationwork of (MSC) to all people of the state." "All" was the keyword. Hannah envisaged a strong, unified program. How to dothis was the question. Consultant Reeves had an answer. Set upan all-inclusive Extension Service outside the School of

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Agriculture. The idea would not fly. Agriculture won out. Thereorganization committee voted to leave CES under the Dean ofAgriculture. Later, even a vice president could not garnersupport for a single off-campus division. Agriculture prevailed.Extension remained in the "ag" domain.

The century's most cataclysmic decade began with Europeonce more engulfed in total war, President Rooseveltreturned to a third term, and the U.S. allied with the

anti-Axis powers following the bombing of Pearl Harbor.Roosevelt had chosen Agriculture Secretary Henry A. Wallaceas his running mate. Agriculture would soon play a stellar rolein the war.

Dust bowls, droughts and economic disaster were over.Farmers were beginning to emerge from a devastatingdepression. But farming remained for many a life of hard work,long hours and meager returns. The ten-year periodencompassing World War II was to begin a dramatic andirreversible trend for American agriculture. Michigan was noexception. As the decade opened, the state had more than187,000 farms averaging 96 acres. In the 1950 census, there were30,000 fewer farms with the average size now up to 111 acres.Farm values more than doubled. In 1940 the average farm valuewas just under $5,000. Ten years later the census figure was$10,965.

The war years brought new demands for food. But they alsoprecipitated inflation, labor shortages, rationing and pricecontrols under the Office of Price Administration (OPA). Evenwith such odds, most farm operations in the state returned newprofit levels. By the late 1940's, many farmers had liquidatedold debts, purchased more land and expanded the farm businesswith net worth often increasing 3-4 times. Production levelsreached new highs despite a short labor supply and rationedgasoline, tires, fertilizers and chemicals.

In rural areas, sons and hired men left the farm for militaryservice or more lucrative employment. Farm labor was in shortsupply. Mechanization came rapidly. In 1940, two-thirds of thestate's farms had horses for power. By the end of the decade thenumber had fallen to 30 percent, and a horse-poweredagriculture was to be relegated to the past never to return. Thetrend was unmistakably one of reducing labor.

The General StaffWith the start of the new decade, R.]. Baldwin continued

as state Extension director. "Clint" Ballard, who was tosucceed him in 1984, was the state leader of county agriculturalagents.

B.D. Kuhn became the new assistant leader of agriculturalagents when Roy E. Decker became assistant Extension director.Decker succeeded Karl McDonel, who was appointed secretaryof the State Board of Agriculture in 1941. Eighty-fouragricultural agents were working in 73 county offices. Theirdaily schedules included long hours, dozens of new assignments

Agriculture:

"Food WillWin the War"

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Levron Nelson /lre,lenrrJ fundamental, In

tn:eJ identification.

and countless meetings. All were inextricably involved inkeeping the slogan, "Food Will Win the War," as a plan ofaction for eventual victory. Agents became the agriculturalconsultants on matters ranging from draft deferments torationing of farm supplies. In 1944 more than 40,000 draft caseswere reviewed by local war boards with recommendations madeto draft boards.

As full mobilization took place, counties organized manygroups. Federal and local agencies cooperated and later wereappointed as USDA Defense Boards and, as the war continued,to County War Boards. Agricultural agents were frequently theorganizers and often in leadership positions on these boards.These groups were charged with farm labor procurement, draftdeferments, allocation of scarce materials such as tires, gasolineand fertilizer. They organized scrap drives, gardening campaignsand war bond sales rallies. Against this backdrop of war-relatedprograms, ag agents directed educational efforts with far-reaching consequences: applying new technology that wouldincrease farm production many fold.

New practices were adopted in record numbers. Hybrid corn,tried only by bold innovators since its development in 1928,became the accepted seed source. More acres were seeded toalfalfa to increase forage production. Navy beans were grown inever-increasing amounts as a food crop. Sugar beet and potatoacreages were expanded and offered new sources of farmincome. Use of tested sires, control of mastitis and brucellosisand the coming of artificial insemination all contributed tostepped-up dairy production. Agricultural agents were at theforefront of such efforts with more than 5,000 demonstrationsstaged each year. Farmers were quick to adopt new methodswhen labor could be reduced as higher levels of profit wereevident.

Agriculture MobilizedAgriculture programs were organized under projects of

memoranda agreements with USDA. Projects of the 1940'sincluded:

Agricultural EconomicsAgricultural EngineeringAnimal HusbandryAnimal PathologyDairy HusbandryFarm CropsFarm ForestryFarm GameFarm Management

HorticultureInsect ControlLandscape GardeningLand Use PlanningPlant PathologyPoultry HusbandryPoultry PathologySoilsSoil & Water Conservation

18

All departments mounted special programs to aid the wareffort. By the end of the decade, project name changes weremade to better reflect the total program. Special emphasis wasaccorded to new areas of farm and home planning, grasslandfarming, father-son partnerships, farmer-tenant relationships andpublic policy.

In 1949, agricultural economics, a section of the Departmentof Economics in the MSC School of Science and Arts, andfarm management in the School of Agriculture were merged to

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form a new agricultural economics department. Clifford M.Hardin, who had headed the agricultural economics sectionsince 1946, later became director of the Agricultural ExperimentStation. T.K. "Tom" Cowden, director of research for theAmerican Farm Bureau Federation, was named the first head ofthe new department. Cowden was later to become dean ofagriculture and follow Hardin who moved from the ExperimentStation to the dean's office in 1953.

Other agricultural projects also had title changes; e.g., animalpathology to animal disease control, insect control toentomology, farm game to game management. New projects in1948-49 included land use and conservation, rural sociology andsoil conservation. Paul A. Miller, later to become director ofExtension, was employed as the first rural sociologist in 1947.Russell G. "Russ" Hill, long active in soil conservation, becameExtension conservationist in March 1945 and served for 29years until his retirement in 1974.

Emergency Farm LaborFood production was a high national priority during the

war years. To stem a crisis in shortage of farm workers,Congress passed an Emergency Farm Labor Act in 1943. TheExtension Service provided much of the state leadership for theprogram until farm labor responsibilities were assumed by theMichigan State Employment Service in 1948. A.B. Love,specialist in agricultural economics, was state supervisor for thelabor program. J.G. "Jim" Hays of the dairy departmentdirected housing and transportation and home demonstrationleaders. Ruth Peck headed the Woman's Land Army programwhich had over 14,000 workers in 1944.

County agricultural agents directed local labor procurementefforts with the help of field assistants. Farm workers wererecruited for the Crop Corps, Victory Farm Volunteers (VFV),and the Land Army. In 1943 nearly 85,000 Michigan studentsworked as farm volunteers. Migrant workers-as many as 30,000a year-came to help with fruit and vegetable crops. By 1945over 10,000 foreign laborers were on Michigan farms, including6,300 Japanese and German prisoners of war.

The logistics of these programs were immense. Providinghousing, transportation, food, training, and locating areas ofcritical farm needs continued unabated tor the war years.Extension staff assumed key roles in the organization andoperation of the emergency programs. In December 1947, farmlabor programs ended.

Many farm operations were dependent on family help.Thousands of men entered the service or left for higher wagesin industry. County War Boards aided Selective Service Boards(local draft boards) with farm deferment requests. Over 43,000applicants were approved. Agents and labor assistants checkedfarms and reviewed deferment requests. A scorecard of farmunits was used to determine eligibility for the deferments frommilitary service. Recommendations of agricultural agents were astrong voice. But local boards often ignored these and placedfarm boys in I-A to meet conscription quotas handed down

J)(Un'i/)l'dd{L~t .Inn llu\\ I{'ied 11HlOl (ltn L'

t I,ltdl, Il~t' hI' '\drLi/lodnJ L·f)ti·'

"( ~(ll)" nI!OllL'r, {(JnL! (Wll' AIl-{)T!d dt:l'llt,

f)1'()1ll(ltl'l1 1l,HlIl' ti (Iud fur 'unn h(jUIn~\

19

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Eten In the path of meL·hanl~atlOn.Fanners' W,'('ck inrcre_~r in honL'pou't.-'T

remained high In the l'NO's

from state and national levels. Thus, many farms operatedunder severe hardships.

In a 1947 report, Love and A.P. Gaston concluded: "Nolonger can agriculture reasonably expect farm workers to appearat the doorstep. Only by organized cooperation and a nationallabor program can the industry be assured of an adequate laborsupply." Then the report added: "Organized labor in its effortsto improve the working conditions of the laboring man, can beexpected to move into agriculture. Workmens' compensation,unemployment benefits and social security for agriculturalworkers are just around the corner." Their vision was prophetic.

The Coming ofMechanizationIn the war years, availability of farm equipment was at a

premium. Limited farm machinery was manufactured asindustry was tooled for the war arsenal. There was a renewedinterest in equipment repair. Extension staff conductedhundreds of training sessions to assist farmers in maintainingand repairing implements. As labor became even more scarce,use of electricity as a farm power source increased dramatically.In 1942, agricultural engineers reported "the average farm inMichigan uses 1,400 kwh per year which indicates that progressis remarkable."

In a 1942 report, agricultural engineering specialists noted:"All of our time was devoted to projects designed to be of helpto the war effort." During the year, 198 meetings were heldwith farmers, another 59 sessions with local war boards andequipment dealers and 130,000 machinery repair check sheetswere distributed. Labor-saving devices such as sweep rakes,gutter cleaners, manure loaders and elevators were introduced,designed for "home-made" construction. Throughout the waryears, three specialists directed the statewide programs. The trioincluded agricultural engineers George Amundson, A.]. Bell andR.L. Witz.

With the war's end, engineering programs turned to "BetterPlanning for Better Farm Living" with projects in irrigation,drainage, electrification, tractor maintenance and farm buildingconstruction. To promote new ideas, "Rural Progress Caravans"of education exhibits visited almost every county. EngineeringExtension specialists George Amundson, Arthur ]. "Art" Belland Fred Roth were active in organizing the first "Grass Days"in 1948. Long-time specialists "Bob" Maddex and "Bob" Whitejoined the staff in 1949 after the new MSC agriculturalengineering building had opened a year earlier.

Grass DaysForages took on new importance in farm crops during the

forties. Alfalfa and legume mixtures helped to boostlivestock production and reduce feed costs. To spur the interestin forages, Extension staff organized regional and statewide

20

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"Grass Days." More than 1,000 attended the first such event,held in Mason County in 1947. The field days wereinterdepartmental efforts and continued throughout the 1950's.The USDA 1948 yearbook was titled "Grassland Agriculture."

The first "Grass Day" resulted from a request of the MasonSoil Conservation District to agent Harold Larsen. Specialist"Russ" Hill got the original idea from Wisconsin. Larsen andlocal committees planned the Mason event as an experiment.Based on the day's success, a new grass program was announcedfor 1948. "More and Better Grass and Legumes for MichiganFarms" was the theme. Crops specialist R.R. "Dick" Bell and acommittee of Ed Longnecker, Graydon Blank and Arthur J.Bell planned the details for an activity that was to continue formany years.

Twelve "Grass Days" were held the second year to emphasizethe need for better forage production. More than 25,000 farmersattended the sessions despite bad weather, which oftenhampered haymaking demonstrations. Before the regional eventshad ended, plans were underway for future "Grass Days." Staffconcluded that few Extension activities attracted suchcoordinated effort, were as popular with farmers and createdsuch visibility for Michigan agriculture.

War Ends-1945When Director Baldwin submitted the annual Extension

report following war's end, he commented:

"The year 1945 will be remembered as Victory year.V-E and V-] Days were as truly the goals of theExtension Service as they were objectives of the armedforces. Reports indicate a feeling throughout the staffthat farm people achieved the supposedly impossiblegoal of increasing production each year during the war.This was done in spite of handicaps such as shortagesof labor, machinery and fertilizers. A review ofachievements since December 1941 would justify thefeeling of pride in the contribution made by theExtension Service. "3

SummaryThe war years placed heavy demands on agricultural staff.

A core group of specialists and agents served throughoutthe forties and continued with long careers after the Axispowers capitulated on V.J. Day 1945. For the remainder of thedecade, the shift was to demobilization and a peacetimeeconomy. For millions around the world it was a time ofhardship and reconstruction. For the Extension Service it wouldopen a limitless international dimension.

As the decade began, familiar names of staff already "onboard" in 1941 were specialists A.B. Love, "Art" Howland,John Donerh and Don Stark in agricultural economics; GeorgeAmundson and "Art" Bell, agricultural engineering; HarryMoxley, animal husbandry; Dennie Clanahan, Carter Harrison

•'( Jrd'.~ [)d\_~," {)drt of d m(~j()r IHI(ll!t' oj

EHl'71."OTl111rhe }l)~()"

Ar Churh,ml .Iwnrnn "hoo} . .J,.h of '~l).

hunk f{o"'"lTll,-k. \~"Tl fj"mIOTl. (lleTlRt'l'ti and \ "l'nl flln:::: Utllr/ng (I) .',It()T \1tl.(\1()()Tl'\ hdTht'L'/(,' t'_\/h'Tri.\l'

21

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Home Demonstration Work:

Help on theHome Front

in farm crops; Ira Bull and Roy Skog, forestry; Don Hootman,Paul Krone, horticulture; "Russ" Hill, Paul Barrett,conservation; John "Mac" Moore, poultry; Paul Rood, JamesPorter, Leonard Braamse, Ed Longnecker and Louis Wolfangerin soils. These specialists served throughout the war years andhad careers that spanned 30, even 40 years.

In the agriculture agent ranks of 1941, well-known nameswere to be attached to key posts with the Extension Service inlater years. These included Harold Foster, A.A. Griffith, ElwynA. "Pip" Wenner, Bohn Musgrave, and B.D. Kuhn who allmoved to posts as district supervisors.

Other agents of the World War II era who were to serve 20or more years in the county ranks were names like: Casper"Cap" Blumer, Joe Heitman, "Walt" Kirkpatrick, Fred Biekkola,Burt Mellencamp, Hans Kardel, Robert Lincoln, CarlGunderson, Emmet Raven, "Art" Otterbein, Stanley Culver,Ralph Olds, Keats Vining, Harold Larsen, R.C. "Cap" Lott,Louis Hall, Lyle Abel, Lee Barnum, Wayne Crampton, "Vic"Beal, "Art" Glidden, C.C. Mullett, Carl Knopf, Lyle Tompkins,Ralph Coulter, J.A. Brown, George Landsburg, Harold Oslerand Ralph Biebesheimer. Collectively, these agents gave over800 years to the Extension Service. They were a dedicatedgroup as the Extension Service launched a second 25 years.

Home demonstration programs were an early addition inthe history of Michigan Exension work. An earlyhistory noted: "Not to be outdone by their male co-

workers, those on the distaff side took food andnutrition Extension work into the home as early as 1912."Paulina E. Raven was appointed first "home economicsextension worker" in September 1914. The first homedemonstration agent (HDA) was employed in St. Joseph Countya year later. During World War I, Edna V. Smith was employedfor special emergency programs and remained on the staff tobecome state leader in 1930. A home management specialist,"Edna V.", as she was affectionately known, headed the statehome demonstration program through the thirties and retired in1944. A year after retirement, she became Mrs. Curtis Tullerand moved to Grand Rapids.

The next new state leader was Rachel Markwell. She was agraduate of Oklahoma A & M and came to Michigan from apost as emergency war food service with the USDA. AnExtension worker in Kansas and Missouri, she remainedthrough the post-war CES reorganization and left to complete adoctorate at Columbia in 1949. She vigorously opposed thereorganization committee's recommendation to transferspecialists to departments. Specialists had always been a part ofthe state home demonstration staff. "Her arguments fell on deafears," a 1945 report noted.

22

Wartime StaffingAs the forties opened, State Leader Smith had Margaret

Harris and Helen Strow as assistants. Miriam Eads wasin charge of programs in the Upper Peninsula. A field staff of

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13 county and 6 district home demonstration agents served thestate. Programs reached 34 counties with a focus on five majorprojects: foods/nutrition, clothing, child care, homemanagement and home furnishings. More than 25,000 womenwere enrolled each year in Extension home demonstrationclubs. Club membership was not required, and otherhomemakers participated in a variety of programs across thestate directed by local agents, state specialists and assistantvolunteer leaders.

By 1949, 39 counties now had county home demonstrationagents with an additional 13 agents serving multi-county areasor districts. The staff also included nine campus specialists. Suchnames as Marjorie Eastman, Florence Rann, Lola Belle Green,Roberta Hershey, Lucile Ketchum and Lennah Backus wereamong those who contributed many years to home economicsand family programs. Margaret Harris, who had been an activecandidate for state leader in 1944, was named to an actingposition when Ms. Markwell left in 1949. Ms. Harris workedinitially in the U.P. She was an assistant leader with LeonaMcLeod, and after 28 years with the home demonstrationprogram she completed her long Extension career as a districtsupervisor. Others who served as assistant program leaders inthe decade included Helen Noyes, Opal Roberson, ElizabethRoniger and Ruth Peck.

New DirectionsThe forties were turbulent years for home demonstration

programs. The war brought many new assignments, andconsistently there were times of scarce resources and high staffturnovers. In the reorganization of 1945, Home DemonstrationWork was to undergo irreversible changes. But successors, HomeEconomics and Family Living, were to expand rapidly.

Home economics specialists became faculty in departments inthe School of Home Economics. Specialists in agriculture hadbeen departmental staff for years, and the system appeared towork admirably. Markwell felt the Dean of Home Economicswanted more control over Extension staff. She also consideredthe dean "too academic" to have a proper appreciation forExtension home economics work.

Although Markwell lost, her staff was divided on the issue.Since 1946, specialists have remained in departments throughExtension program title changes, first to Home Economics thento Family Living Education. The School of Home Economicsbecame a college when MSC became MSU in 1955. Still later,the name was to change to be the College of Human Ecology.The program, by whatever name, has remained in contest forresources, since the Extension Service continued to beadministered in the College of Agriculture.

During the 1945 reorganization, another issue emerged whenthe committee urged a "one-line authority." One agent in eachcounty would function as an administrator to coordinate allprograms. To some this would give a "team concept." To state4-H and home demonstration leaders, the plan seemed to be "acase of responsibility without authority." In response to thequestion, "Could a home demonstration agent become the

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--------

county administrator?", the final committee report noted: "The4-H or home economics agent may be selected for such aposition." It was permissive legislation. Nearly 30 years wouldpass before a home economist would be appointed countyExtension director.

For most of the war period, Home Demonstration Work wascarried out by 20 home demonstration agents. By the end ofthe decade, more than 50 were on the staff. Additional federalfunds provided for a major increase in staff from 1946-49.Agents who served during wartime and continued for longcareers included: Mary Bullis, Theresa Tordt, Lilas Frost,Alfreda Hanson (McGuire), Margaret Linsell, EleanorDensmore, Grace Mitchell, Mary J.E. Woodward, GraceVanderKolk, Emma Dubard and Dorothy Scott. Some spententire careers in the same county.

Extension Homemakers-Home DemonstrationClubs

Homemaker participation in Home Demonstration Work ofthe forties was primarily through local Extension clubs. In 1941some 2,254 such groups reported a membership exceeding38,000. Like 4-H c1ubwork, lack of leadership during the waryears saw a decline in enrollments, but by 1950 membershipnumbers were again equal to those of ten years earlier. At theclose of 1949, there were 2,190 clubs with over 35,000 activemembers. Extension homemakers cooperated in hundreds ofprojects to support the war effort.

Farm Women's WeekThe annual week, held each summer, was cancelled for the

war years 1943-45. In 1942, a total of 650 women had attended.During one evening program a test blackout was staged as waremergency training. An abbreviated week resumed in 1946when 300 attended sessions held in Campbell Hall. Thedormitory had been named for Louise Hathaway Campbell,who served as state home demonstration leader in the twenties.The 1947 sessions were held at two locations. Upper Peninsulawomen convened at Camp Shaw at Chatham, and downstatedelegates came to the campus in East Lansing. The yearly eventcontinued to be "College Week for Women" and then "CollegeWeek."

Wartime ProgrammingThe impact of the war on the home front was unmistakable.

Few families remained untouched in the face of nationalmobilization. Education and awareness were vital roles thatHome Demonstration Work could play. Programs ranged fromfamily nutrition in an era of food rationing to mattress making.There was also a need to maintain home-front morale andpreserve family stability. A wartime report of 1943 commented:"The home front is taking a place among the war front, for thefamily is still the basic unit of our society. Home must be morethan a shelter with some sanitary facilities. Home must offer theindividual, as well as the family group, the rest, relaxation andstimulus that enables a contribution to be made to society. Itmust be a place where war hysteria can be avoided, where faithin the security of the future can be built."

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W ar years found many foods in short supply, and meat,canned goods, sugar and other staples were on the

ration list. Under the leadership of foods specialist RobertaHershey, programs were mounted in food preservation, canningclinics and use of victory gardens. Special efforts includedvegetable storage, school lunches, use of enriched foods, foodbuying, "better living from the farm," meal planning andcollection of waste food fats. War food assistants set up shop infarmers' markets in Detroit, Grand Rapids, Pontiac and RoyalOak to counsel shoppers in food preservation and canning.Pontiac assistants worked with Oakland HDA Mary Woodwardto pack over 1,000 sealed tins of cakes and cookies for shipmentto men in service. U.P. leaders held nearly 200 trainingmeetings on food preservation. In one year a report noted,"cooperators canned 169,433 quarts of fruit, 138,522 ofvegetables and 12,912 of meats and fish."

With many foods on the ration list, "Nutrition-for-Defense"sessions were held to train women to shop wisely, plannutritious meals and conserve food which might then bediverted to a critical national supply. Secretary of AgricultureClaude Wickard asked the Extension Service to "assist everyfarm family with information needed to meet requirements ofthe Food For Freedom program." In 1944, fifteen countiesemployed "war food assistants" to assist home economists infood production and preservation.

Home demonstration staff in foods and nutrition worked asone with their agricultural colleagues under the slogan, "FoodWill Win The War." In the 1944 annual report, foods specialistsestimated that rural homemakers in Michigan had canned 170million quarts of food. "Conservative calculations," the reportnoted, "would indicate the total cash value of food stored atover $92 million or $164 per family."

With food production a high priority, Public Law 45, theEmergency Farm Labor Act, was passed in 1943. The ExtensionService played a key role. One phase of the program called fora "Woman's Land Army" to mobilize and train women for farmwork. Ruth Peck directed the state program from 1943-45. From1943-47, over 57,000 women participated. Farm women workedin the fields, helped train workers, acted as supervisors, ranerrands and enlisted volunteers. A summary report ofemergency farm labor noted, "American men do not like theirwomen folks to do heavy work. The war did demonstrate,however, that women are willing and can do many farm jobswell."

Once Upon a MattressJust prior to the U.S. entry into World War II, there was

an enormous surplus of cotton. When textile plantsconverted to military orders, bedding was in short supply forcivilians. Extension workers teamed with other federal agenciesto organize a statewide mattress-making project. It was anextraordinary success. Years later, cotton batting, string andticking were to be found in county CES offices, warehouses andgarages-all reminders of the very popular project. In one waryear, Extension groups reported making nearly 50,000 mattresses

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and 28,000 comforters. Many families were able to havebedding, otherwise unavailable in the war years. The men gotinvolved. Long before affirmative action and Title IX came thiscomment in 1942:

"An important feature of the bedding campaign wasthe participation of men of the families. They havecontinued their interests in home comforts ...men arenow attending discussions on the legal phases of homemanagement, citizenship and financial planning. Theseare signs of a growing consciousness of the home as acommon interest of all members of the family."

Parenthetically, another report from a project noted:"Improved personal appearance as an aid to morale was notoverlooked. Demonstrations in personal grooming resulted inmore than 2,400 women adopting new grooming practices,improving posture habits and in the purchase of clothing withserviceability." Appearance was often forced to accommodatetoo many wartime shortages of apparel, cosmetics and luxuryitems.

SummaryIn the summer of 1944, the Allies had landed on D-Day,

and the war heated up for a final push. On the homefront, farms and families were now on a full war footing.Summarizing Home Demonstration Work in the CES annualreport was the statement, "The home economics Extensionstaff... is making every effort possible within their field to helpon the home front." Home demonstration staff assumedleadership to work with dozens of organizations, all with acommon goal to gain victory abroad. The end came with V-]Day in September 1945.

The post war years of 1946-49 brought new challenges forMichigan families. CES program orientation was still stronglyrural. The home demonstration staff had nearly doubled. Moreprogram emphasis would be given in urban areas. Families therefound similar problems in health, nutrition, home managementand human development.

Post-war inflation, which was to become a "way of life" infuture years, had already set in by 1948-49. After initial upwardprices following removal of OPA controls, farm prices werebeginning to sag and bring a profit squeeze. There was arenewed interest in consumer education. Extension found thehours of dilemma. How can farm profits be increased yetmaintain stable costs for consumers?

In the decade ahead, Home Demonstration Work would shiftfrom skills development to resource management. Human valueswould replace strictly economic concerns. The program wouldbe in transition, first to be known as "Home Economics" andthen as "Family Living Education." Titles of the familiar "HomeOem Agent" would change to "Home Ec Agent" and ultimatelybecome "EHE," the Extension Home Economist.

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Boys and girls born during the Depression became the 4-Hmembers of the war years. Although birthrates haddropped, over 55,000 youngsters were enrolled in 7,200

clubs in 1940. Participation dipped during the war years becauseof labor shortages, family movement to urban areas and lack of4-H staff. As the decade ended in 1949, statewide enrollmentshad climbed to about the same level as ten years earlier.

Youth programs did not suffer from inexperienced leadership.State leader A.G. "Kerr" Kettunen had been on board morethan 20 years and guided the state's club work throughout theten-year period as he had since 1925. In 1940, there were tenassistant state leaders and 12 4-H agents. Serving with Kettunenas assistant state leaders in the early forties were NevelsPearson, Per Lundin, Lola Belle Green, Lois Corbett, Olga Bird,Beatrice Boyle, M.H. "Mel" Avery, Corrinne Ketchum, VerneFreeman, Ken Ousterhout, Cecil Nickle and Manella Meyer.Some served long and entire careers with the 4-H program.Eight counties had a full-time agent as the forties began. Agentswere staffed in Calhoun, Chippewa, Genesee, Gogebic,Hillsdale, Iron, Saginaw and Wayne. Other counties were servedby district agents. The added efforts of agricultural and homedemonstration colleagues assured 4-H opportunities for youth inevery county. Throughout the 1940's approximately 7,000volunteer leaders assisted 4-H programs each year.

The Tug of WarMaintaining staff was a constant problem. Young men

were called into military service, and all agents werelured with almost constant and unlimited employmentalternatives. Staffing problems also continued after the war. In1949, Kettunen reported 26 staff changes in 55 positions. Many4-H agents moved to other positions in the Extension Service.Gould Pinney in Bay and James Halm in Saginaw both joinedthe 4-H staff in the mid-forties and spent their entire Extensioncareers as youth agents-and in the same county. Agents RayLamb, Hildred Hart, Marvin Eppelheimer and Andrew Olsonall remained more than 20 years and their entire careers in theyouth program.

Dozens of Extension staff began careers in the 4-H program asthe forties ended. The majority moved on to becomeagricultural agents and county directors. Experience as a 4-Hagent was viewed as excellent training for other positions. Thisannoyed State Leader Kettunen. He believed youth work couldbe an equally rewarding career which should attract comparablerewards and salaries.

Among the 4-H staff on board during the late forties wereEiner Olstrom, Maurice Hill, Ralph Kirch, Jack Ferver and BenWestrate. Olstrom became a district director and later assistantdirector for natural resource programs. Kirch and West rate bothheaded the Michigan 4-H Foundation. Hill became a state 4-Hleader in Connecticut and Ferver joined the faculty at theUniversity of Wisconsin. On the state level, "Mel" Avery,Orville "Shorty" Walker, Robert Laser and Louie Webb werelater to become county Extension directors in Michigan.

Still other assistant state leaders joined Kettunen's staff in the

4-H Club Work:Youth Servicein War and Peace

[)irl'l..'tor l\ohl'TC Baldu in ,l;llt t' oW.\cdndtng

,\j"'hlga" -I /i'crs" lend ·off to

W'a.,h",gc<I", f).C., ",11111,' ll)-I<~

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:11 1(,'rt1 ell""I\ ', i 11 "( :hl,kt'11 III"!(!11WHOH .. L'01Ht'.\t (from ru.;htJ, F. Edrl

llt/d'" D(m Andn,r)7\, f-:t'dt'l \ '111 i11 I.; (l7l,i

/\/Lhdhi '\L..khlt_'ll' (/'1 "('\\l'(1 rill' {HUnt',

[1l'1" l;. [.wl,lm, 1)(1I([(n c"hlhlt\/(/)l'rtllCl'lhiL'nc, d.' ht' (h\('/)cl'd t'tHnt'\ fll

III I! ,md \1'1l/lInt' 1("1<111(', SI, ]"hl1l, al

ll)+~ SIal" 'I 11 Cilti, Shut<

late forties with some serving well beyond his retirement, Suchstaff included Mary J.E. Woodward, Dorothy (Erler) Blank,Arden Peterson, Marie Wolfe and Amalie Vasold.

Serving the Home FrontIn the forties, the focus of club work and 4-H was on

individual projects. Clothing, handicrafts, food preparation,gardening and livestock were the most popular. With foodproduction a high priority, "victory gardens" were the projectsof many boys and girls during the war years. The 1944 State4-H Show had the theme "4-H on the Home Front." Theannual show moved to the MSU campus in 1942 after theMichigan State Fair in Detroit was cancelled for the duration ofthe war. 4-H Club Week continued to be held on the EastLansing campus each summer. The yearly event began in 1l)19and attracted as many as 1,000 youngsters each year. In 1949,club week attendants were housed in Quonset Village, andgeneral sessions were held in Jenison Fieldhouse.

State 4-H activities which continued for many years were wellestablished in the forties. The 1940 calendar of events listedClub Week at MSC, 4-H Club camps at Camp Shaw atChatham, the Michigan State Fair, 4-H Conservation Camp atCamp Shaw and the 4-H Livestock show in Detroit. A note onthe 1940 livestock exhibit reported that a Cass City youngstershowed the grand champion steer with the sale averaging over14 cents per pou nd.

When "State Show" first moved to the campus in 1942,Kettunen commented: "4_H clubs will be on parade for the firsttime on this scale at Michigan State. We arc attempting to doin three days what was usually done in 13 district contests andthe State Fair." The "4-H State Show" became an institutionand has continued each summer in some form for more than 40years.

State 4-H events continued through the war years but oftenwith alterations. At the 1943 Club Week, girls were housed in

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,'.

s . H 'eLI proudl» ,ho"d proof of learnInI(phntoRT£1ph, in "ho,,· to" demon,ma[lOn,

dormitories, and a report noted "boys were back to canvas cotsin the women's gymnasium since the Air Corps unit is using allavailable men's dormitories." The 646 club week delegates wereorganized into groups of Army, Navy, Marines, and Air Corpsas the week's theme stressed youth in the war effort.

Farm youngsters were often called upon to replace olderbrothers and sisters to carryon farming operations during thewar years. They helped neighbors and trained their city cousinsfor farm work in harvest seasons. Labor was scarce. Clubsorganized salvage drives for scrap iron, paper, fats, tin and othermetals. They assisted in war bond sale drives and practicedconservation. While the war seemed remote to many youngpeople, 4-H members mobilized on the home front to assure theAllied victory.

Dimensions ofLeadershipState program leaders gave long and dedicated service to

4-H club work. Assistant state leaders performed a dualrole as both organization and subject matter specialists. Theywere specialists in livestock, crops, horticulture, nutrition,textiles and clothing, among others. The reorganization of 1945recommended that subject-matter specialists be transferred todepartments in the Schools of Agriculture or Home Economics.Kettunen bitterly opposed such a move and temporarily won hispoint. But as 4-H staff retired or resigned, positions were shiftedto departments, and specialists were assigned responsibilities foryouth programs. State 4-H staff became program specialistsand/ or program leaders.

During the forties, Russell G. Mawby enrolled as a 4-Hmember in Kent County. After high school he came to

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Michigan State and received his agricultural degree in 1949. Inhis junior year he was selected as the first Michigan delegate (orthe International Farm Youth Exchange (IFYE) in Great Britain.He was later to become assistant director of the ExtensionService for 4-H Youth programs to succeed the legendaryKettunen.

SummaryAs the forties drew to a close, some shifts hecame evident

for club work and the youth programs. The 1948committee report on joint programs and goals noted that the4-H program had consisted largely of projects dealing withfarming and homemaking. "Values," the report underscored,"emanating from the 4-H program go far beyond the tangiblebenefits resulting from agricultural and home economicsprojects. The record of enrollments is good, hut not nearly asgood as it should be ... and ... provision should he made forextending more 4-H club work to rural non-farm areas."

The ]<Jil) 'rare -I - H "/()Hmg dmtl',r umnc'r

dnti E\fl'1L'l/OIl Ll)..;L'nRlIlL't.'r Arc 13d/.

oJ H di;t'r!C J«' h·\ft'rllIl( 171!((J(d

tllll,hl1lg ~'Id\\ \( /th.; J { hdll(ildtltr

Hlt.'m/llT

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With Michigan's abundance of natural resources, thestate has maintained continued concern for wise useand conservation of soil, water, forests, minerals and

wildlife. These represent a substantial wealth of the winter-waterwonderland. The Extension Service began educational work inforestry in 1912, but the first specialist in conservation was notemployed until 1937. Both forestry and wildlife conservationprograms were included in the summary of Extension's first 25years. Terms such as land use planning, communitydevelopment, resource management and zoning were beginningto appear. In many counties, these concerns extended a programscope well beyond agriculture.

The Lay andLure of the LandAs the state expanded an industrial base and moved

toward urbanization, there was increased interest in landuse and conservation. From 1922-35, land economic surveyswere carried out by the Michigan Conservation Department.Lack of funds terminated the project during the Depression, andrequests were then made to MSC to continue this landinventory. Land-use studies and soil mapping continued formany years with soil scientist Louis Wolfanger heading theproject.

Early in 1937, MSC President Robert Shaw appointed acommittee to study a conservation program for the college. Thegroup, headed by Agriculture Dean Anthony, recommendedcreation of a conservation institute. The Conservation Institutein the Division of Agriculture was founded July I, 1937. L.R.Schoenmann was named first director with offices on the fourthfloor of Agriculture Hall. That fall, Russell G. "Russ" Hill ofMSC's zoology department was named to head a project inwildlife conservation. Wolfanger was appointed Extensionspecialist in land use.

In 1945, Hill transferred to be a specialist in soil conservation.Institute staff were Donald Hayne, Paul Barrett and J.O. Veatchof the soils department. Appointments also included LeonardBraamse and Clifford Humphrys. The first board appointmentwas made in May 1937, even before the division was formallyestablished. Ivan F. "Ike" Schneider, long-time soil scientist, wasthe initial staff member.

At the 1938 Farmers' Week, Director Schoenmann outlinedthe work of the institute and said in part: " ... as a nation wehave been shifting from a policy of exploitation to one ofconservation. This shift has given the college an opportunity fornew and broader service. These developments prompted thecollege to provide for the establishment of the ConservationInstitute. "4 In 1941 the first conservation show was held inconjunction with Farmers' Week. More than 10,000 viewed thedisplays in the MSC women's gymnasium. The exhibit becamean annual event except for the war years until 1950.Contributions in conservation education during the institute's13-year existence from 1937-50 resulted despite often inadequate

The Coming of ResourceDevelopment:The 1940's

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staff, minimal budgets and the interruption of the war years.

As the forties ended, there were CES specialists in forestry,conservation, game management, soil conservation and tourism-resort services on the institute staff. Specialists were drawn fromexisting departments in agriculture. Programs were somewhatlimited during the war with frequent staff turnover and calls tothe military services. Early activities in land-use planning andnatural resources set the stage for the creation of theDepartment of Land and Water Conservation and theConservation Division. Later, a Department of ResourceDevelopment would emerge in a new College of Agriculture.

Among Extension specialists appointed to the ConservationInstitute during the war years were: Paul Barrett, Frank Suggitt,Arnold Haugen, Charles Black, Faith McAuley, Gladys Knight,Clare Gunn and Robert Mclntosh. In 1950 all were to betransferred to the new Department of Land and WaterConservation or to other campus departments or divisions.These would form the Division of Conservation. Commentingon the early work of the institute, Hill, as historian, observed:"It is impractical to recount all Extension activities during this13-year (1937-50) period. The fact bears repeating that moresignificant land use and conservation programs were initiatedduring this time than during any other period of CES history."!

Pioneering ProgramsAfter creation of the institute, conservation and resource

development programs were to face an uncertain, oftenstormy future in the next dozen years. New departments,divisions and name changes would transpire. Personnel wouldchange and have new assignments. Much later, resourcedevelopment or the natural resources area was to be accordedfull program status to be headed by an assistant Extensiondirector.

Soil Conservation-In 1935 the Soil Conservation Service(SCS) was created in USDA. The new program resulted inaccelerated progress in soil conservation and the establishmentof local soil conservation districts. Paul Barrett, one of the earlyappointments to the Conservation Institute, had been an agentin Cheboygan. In 1937 he was named Extension soilconservationist under a cooperative agreement with SCS. Ayear later a state SCS coordinator's office was established onthe MSC campus. Everett Sackrider became the stateconservationist. Dozens of soil conservation districts wereorganized throughout Michigan. The Extension Service was theprime mover in this effort. By 1950 there were over 50 districtswith more than 50,000 cooperators. Much of the organizationwas the result of tireless work of county agricultural agents whosaw the need for getting conservation on the land to curberosion and soil and water loss.

Land Use-Land surveys and soil classification were a majorfocus of the institute. The college assumed that project when itwas discontinued by the state conservation department,classifying state owned land in 47 counties. By 1950, steps forland-use planning were completed in every Michigan county,and intensive work was finished in 23. Staff member PaulBarrett, along with Wolfanger, Veatch, Schneider and Herbert

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A. Berg of farm management gave leadership to the land-useprojects. All collaborated in an effort that was to bring moreorderly planning in the utilization of Michigan's land resources.A trend was well underway that would transfer millions of acresfrom farm land to other uses.

Game Management-The Extension program began in 1937when Hill was employed in the Department of Zoology. In lateryears, Haugen, Black and Charles Shick directed the efforts.These were small, contrasted to the giant Michigan Departmentof Conservation. Activities were on a cooperative basis betweenthe college and the state conservation department-theforerunner of today's DNR. On campus, the Department ofZoology jealously claimed ownership of all programs dealingwith wildlife. When the new Division of Conservation wasformed at MSC, Paul A. Herbert commented: "The head of thezoology department believed firmly, as did most zoologists, thatanything that had to do with wildlife was zoology... " Thedepartment continued to wage strong influence when aDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife was created in the 1950's.The new department was placed in the School of Agriculture,while zoology remained in Arts and Science.

Forestry-Extension forestry was not directly part of theConservation Institute. There was cooperation, since there weremany integrated conservation concerns in the natural resources.A Department of Forest Management was proposed in 1950 butwas never approved. W. Ira Bull was Extension forester from1936-47 until he joined the teaching faculty. For many years,Bull was in lower Michigan, and Roy Skog was in the U.P.Skog remained there for 36 years until retirement in 1976.Lester Bell became an Extension forestry specialist in 1942 andheld this post for 32 years. For most of his first 25 years, Bellwas the only Extension specialist for lower Michigan. This,many observers believed, was evidence that forestry was notaccorded a proper place in education for resource management.

Tourism/Resort Management-Following World War IIthere was a surge of interest in the tourist and resort business.Michigan certainly had the resources of lakes, rivers, coastlinesand forests to attract campers, fishermen, hunters andvacationers. Tourist accommodations, camp sites, marinas andmany allied businesses sprang up. Owners and operators ofthese facilities wanted help and came to the college to maketheir requests. The result was the establishment of atourism/resort program in the Conservation Institute.

Robert McIntosh was employed as the first Extensionspecialist in tourism in 1947. After ten years, he was transferredto MSU's College of Business. He was a specialist for more than30 years. As tourism took on greater importance, he was joinedin the institute by Gladys Knight, Clare Gunn, RobertRobinson and Faith McCauley.

Staff provided assistance to motel and resort owners, buildersand food services. Specialists prepared publications and heldhundreds of training sessions dealing with topics such as siteselection, construction, sewage disposal, food preparation,ordinances and regulations-going all the way to advertising andpublic relations. The pioneering effort drew national attentionand played no small part in the development of Michigan's

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Post-War:The InternationalDimension

MSU and Nariorwl "Frrsr ": From asHggncion h-:.ag economi.H Art !\i£lHCh,

MSU lat<ncheJ rhe fine Exren.lion puhlicpolin program In 1948 under hi, projecr

Ifadenh'IJ. Hi.1 grad ,cudenr. DaleHarh",,,,n. lnll named [irs: full- rime

bremlOn speciaiist in Imhlic polin in rhel:S Harhautll hecame head of ageronorTllf.l and larer u.s. A"i.lrane

SeCTd£lr:'- of Agriculture.

tourist and recreation industry.

The Conservation Institute continued for 13 years. Staffoffered courses, conducted research and directed numerousExtension programs. There were significant contributions toland-use planning, conservation and resource management. Asthe decade ended, an expanded role for the institute wasproposed. As succeeding sections will show, the institute was tobe replaced by a new Division of Conservation which was toinclude four departments with a major focus on resourcemanagement and conservation. But already related concerns ofpublic policy were emerging which would develop into a newarena of community resource development. This new areawould have a prominent place in future CES programs.

W odd War II left many countries in shambles. InEurope, Japan and elsewhere around the globe, citieswere destroyed, the countryside was overrun, disease

and hunger were rampant. Reconstruction would be amonumental task. The U.S. would be in the forefront of foreignaid. Extension staff were uniquely trained to help. In the 15years following V-J Day, dozens of Extension workers wouldtake assignments throughout the world. MSC President Hannahhad been appointed to the International Development AdvisoryBoard by President Truman.

Nationally, the Fulbright Act provided for training andexchange in foreign service. Later the Marshall Plan and PointFour programs also provided dozens of educational opportunitiesfor CES specialists and agents. Earlier, Michigan State underPresident Hannah made a strong commitment to internationaleducation. As early as 1943, he had written then Vice PresidentHarry A. Wallace and suggested the land-grant colleges could beof assistance. Over the years, literally hundreds of universitystaff had overseas assignments, and thousands of foreign visitorscame to Michigan. A major interest was the "land-grant idea"and the unique resources of research, extension and teaching-aconcept visitors could implement in their home countries.

At the CES annual conference in December 1945, economistT.W. Schultz, University of Chicago, spoke on the topic, "WhatI See For U.S. Agriculture in the International Situation." Forthe postwar years, Federal Extension Director M.L. Wilsonfollowed with, "The Beginning of a New Chapter in Extension."One of the first staffers in foreign service was Russell Horwood,who spent a year in Japan in 1946-47 as an agricultural adviserto the U.S. Occupation forces. Horwood, a former U.P. dairyspecialist, later served on MSU's Rvukus' project on Okinawa.

Soldiers of PeaceThe late forties began a steady procession of staff enlisting

for foreign assistance. Potato specialist E.J. "Ernie"Wheeler went to Japan; dairy specialist George Parsons helpeddevelop an artificial insemination project in Germany. AgentsHans Kardel, Walt Kirpatrick and Eleanor Densmore madeEuropean trips. After leaving Michigan, Rachel Markwell served

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as a rural training specialist for the Economic CooperationAdministration in Greece. Sanilac agent Harold R. Clarkdelivered a shipment of Holstein cattle to Yenezuela andreported the primitive conditions he found.

There was a steady parade of foreign visitors to MSC andtours of duty by MSC staff to foreign nations. Christmas 1948,Muskegon agent Carl Knopf arranged for 14 foreign visitors toobserve the holiday in Muskegon homes. In 1949, "Ernie"Wheeler, potato expert, went to Japan to assist growers inpostwar food production. A pictorial story on an Oscoda barn-raising appeared in a Russian magazine to report agriculturalengineering techniques. As interest in foreign programs spread,district supervisor Harold Foster was placed in charge ofexchanges for Dutch, Scottish and German agriculturists.

The New Immigrants

Throughout the postwar period, many foreign visitorscame to the campus, and CES staff hosted dozens of

them in local communities. Both agents and specialists were totake assignments to aid in world reconstruction, foodproduction and aid to underdeveloped countries. Over the nextdecade, major college projects would be undertaken inOkinawa, Colombia, Pakistan and Latin America.

For a dozen years the International Farm Youth Exchange(lFYE) sent rural young people abroad to live with host families.In a reciprocal project, many foreign youth lived on Americanfarms. Michigan's first "IFYE" was Russell G. Mawbv, who wentto Great Britain in 1948 and later was to become state 4-H clubleader at age 28. He was on the Michigan staff until 1965 whenhe went with the Kellogg Foundation.

The war had left countless problems in suffering, hunger andthe mammoth task of reconstruction. For millions of servicemenwho had been overseas, new vistas opened on the need forinternational cooperation. America and its institutions wouldbecome global leaders in foreign assistance. Michigan Statewould be a major contributor to international education. And20 years later MSU President John A. Hannah would head theAgency for International Development (AID). The agencywould bring hundreds of foreign visitors and millions in grantsand send many campus faculty around the world as globalgeography scrambled each decade.

Training, staff development and professional improvementhave always been high priorities for the ExtensionService. Leaders had recognized earlier that educational

accomplishment could be no better than the staff whichconducted the programs. For Extension's first 30 years, stafftraining was primarily under the aegis of program leaders inagriculture, home demonstration work and 4-H clubwork. c.y.Ballard, Edna Y. Smith and A.G. Kettunen all held these postsfor more than 25 years. Each program or agent group held a

Staff DevelopmentThe 1940's

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yearly staff conference as prescribed ritual. Training was alwaysa major conference emphasis.

At the 1945 annual Extension conference, Federal DirectorM.L. Wilson addressed "The Beginning of a New Chapter inExtension." He explained that new demands would tax bothpersonnel and funds. About the same time, USDA SecretaryClinton P. Anderson proposed a national study of theExtension Service. The Committee on Extension Programs,Policies and Goals, headed by MSC President Hannah,recommended increased emphasis on staff development, in-service training and leaves for graduate work. The committeerecommended that Extension workers should be recognized ascollege staff with academic rank.

Following the reorganization report of 1945, a division ofadult education was established. The committee hadrecommended a coordinated off-campus effort for the entirecollege. The Michigan legislature had allocated funds for"experimental adult education." J. Donald Phillips was namedcoordinator. In 1945 he was transferred to Extension andbecame "Assistant Director in Charge of Adult Education."Seven consultants had appointments in adult education, allserving short terms. The division was suspect by old line CESstaff, including Director Baldwin himself. In 1948, the entireadult education division was transferred to a new office ofContinuing Education. At first, the new off-campus unit wasunder Cooperative Extension. This was short-lived. A year laterit was transferred to a new division. Further discussion on thetopic appears in the next chapter.

Program leaders were possessive of their staffs, their trainingrecruitment and supervision. The majority of agents were eitheragriculture or home economics graduates. Some earned degreesin the School of Education although most course work wascompleted elsewhere. In 1947, an undergraduate major inAgricultural Extension was established in the School ofAgriculture. It was offered over the next 10-12 years, but newstaff continued to be primarily "home grown" Michigan Stategraduates of academic departments in agriculture or homeeconomics. Almost any major would qualify prospective CESemployees.

Extension summer schools were also popular ways to earngraduate credits. In 1948, Director Baldwin urged all staff "toconsider opportunities for professional improvement byExtension summer schools in other states." That year offeringswere available at Cornell, Wisconsin, Missouri, Mississippi State,Florida, Colorado State and Columbia.

As the decade closed, some overtones suggested greateremphasis and systematic organization for staff development andprofessional improvement. Livingston agent John T. Stone wasawarded a scholarship to the prestigious Harvard graduateschool. He would complete a doctorate in public administrationand then spend ten years as director of staff development .

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The Extension Service quickly discovered that mass mediacould be an effective means to expand audiences foreducational information. And, such media were free.

Both field and campus staff used these channels widely.Through the early history, newspapers and farm magazines were'important methods for distributing information "from thecollege." Local agent columns were widely read. Both weeklyand daily papers provided almost unlimited space. The printedword was widely employed as the Extension Service publishedthousands of "Extension Bulletins." The war years gave newimpetus to use of mass media for efficiently reaching people andbacking the war effort.

In the 1920's the new electronics of radio came. Ingeniousengineering students at MAC salvaging spare parts assembledthe first radio station on campus. Station WKAR went on theair in 1922 with 250 watts of power. When WWJ Detroitinstalled a new transmitter in 1924, the old 500-watt model wasgiven to WKAR. The campus station could reach much oflower Michigan. Commercial stations first appeared in thestate's metropolitan areas. Agents near Detroit, Grand Rapids,Flint and Kalamazoo had regular broadcasts on public servicetime. Soon stations appeared in smaller cities around the state,and air time was usually available for the asking.

But the printed word remained widely used. Thousands ofExtension publications were distributed each year. Almost allwere free upon request. CES annual reports for many yearslisted all bulletin titles and size of editions published during theyear. It was one measure of educational effort. During WorldWar II years, nearly ten million copies of publications wereprinted by the Extension Service. Many were targeted to aidthe war effort in increased production, labor saving andconservation. In 1945, Norman Kunkel was appointedsupervisor of publication distribution. Ever since, the "BulletinRoom" in "Ag" Hall has been a source of information forstudents, faculty and campus visitors. The bulletin room staffsupplied county Extension offices with millions of copies andreceived thousands of requests from the public-including out-of-state-each year.

Communicatorsin DemandThe increased use of the mass media called for staff

trained in modern communications. In 1936, Albert A.Applegate, professor of journalism, was appointed to headinformation activities for the Extension Service. He followednumerous staffers who had held the title of "Rural PressEditors" with appointments dating back to 1917. Names likeEarl Trangmar, James Hasselman and A.J. Patch held thesepositions in the early years. Keith Himebaugh, an earlyinformation staffer, became the first radio editor in 1928. RobertJ. Coleman was named director of station WKAR in 1934 andheld the post for 25 years until retirement in 1959. At the timeof Coleman's appointment, an early history notes that "there

Communications:

Keeping thePublic Informed

ExtensIOn edicor Earl RIchardson,phoCOI!T£lpher \'Cilhm \'d50n,Akona' Oscoda COHnl' al!ene "Cap"BIHmer and EXlenslOn fore.lter Ln flellshm.t't.'d RU.').\ians hot(, American.'i 5Cugt.' (1

ham ralSm!! hee. The 1<l-fK.lIOn andpicture.1 ap"eared rn A\IERICA, a US.RU.I.lliln language maga~me dislTlhuled in

RIm",.

CTPOMKAAM6APAcn~:~:~~~~~7~::?:-'~:•.•.•• "." ••••••.••••• " •••• ,•• ",L

,,. .•....•.,.",.... ..- •...... , ,.,..,",.,'" ••.•"' .•..'r·q_·'·'·,··"""f'II'''''.'''' ""."'0'",

"1·.•·'1'.·····"' .•··1'"1.•."•...;;-:~~:.:.nL\.\_•..•...•..•,.,.••,••••., ,..•...•...,..,,,..." ...,.., .. ,,, .... ,• ,. , •••..••• ' ' ••• 'Co ~ '" .,., "0" ••••

,".,., ,.".., .H•••• ,"""0",,•••• ,.11· ••·.' ,." •• ," ..,.• ", •• , •

. ,,!,' ..·" ·w ••••

\" ..,," " .

37

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Earl RIchardson, ExcfnslOn cdiror, andLOHdl Trfwcer, head of MSC public

rcimion,\, rook {'arc in the [itst telecast from

che camp", In 19·/13.

Swingle left MSC in 1944 to enter commercial work. Hissuccessor was W. Lowell Treaster from Kansas. Treaster hadbeen a newspaperman in his home state and came to thecampus from Kansas State College. In 1945, the publicationdepartment became the Department of Public Relations for theentire college. Professor Geil headed the department for a year,then left for a position in business. Treaster became the newdepartment head in 1946 and also maintained an appointmentwith the Extension Service.

Earl C. Richardson, another Kansas State graduate andnewspaperman, was employed as Extension editor when Treasterwas named to head public relations. Richardson served on theinformation staff until his death in 1970. As enrollmentsclimbed in the post-war period, campus information activitiesexpanded rapidly. In the late forties, all campus information

was a program expansion which scheduled 13 hours per week,the most attempted by WKAR until that time." Coleman was amember of the CES staff throughout his career. A majorsegment of WKAR's weekly program log consisted ofappearances of campus Extension staff.

In 1943, Lloyd Geil, another journalism professor, wasappointed head of a new Extension information division calledthe Department of Publications. Bulletin editor Joseph G.Duncan for many years handled all Extension and ExperimentStation publications. Meanwhile, Everett B. Swingle, who hadjoined the information staff in 1936, was named full-timeExtension editor.

M.S.C:s FIRST TELEVISION BROADCAST

5pHch, Radio and Dramatic,

coop. rating

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functions were consolidated into a Department of InformationServices. Activities of both Extension and the ExperimentStation were assigned to this new department. Treaster becamethe department's first director. He held the post until retirementin 1973.

The war years demanded ever-increasing use of the massmedia. With personnel in short supply and travel curtailed,press and radio were increasingly used by all CES staff.Thousands of news releases from campus staff and agents in thecounties appeared in daily and weekly papers. Regularbroadcasts were aired from WKAR and dozens of out-statestations. Long-time relationships were established. One of themost effective was with radio farm director Marshall Wells ofWJR Detroit whose town and country programs were heard fornearly 30 years. In 1942, WKAR began broadcasts of theNational Farm and Home Hour originated by the NBC BlueNetwork. Extension staff were pioneers in the state's firsttelecast when Director Baldwin appeared on WWJ-TV inDetroit. Information staff coordinated contacts with radio andtelevision stations and the more than 200 newspapers across thestate.

Information assistants joined Richardson and Treaster. RuthBass Christian was appointed in 1946 and Owen Glissendorf in1949. Wilbur Nelson came from West Virginia to become thefirst visual aids specialist. He later headed the campus "photolab" for many years. An item in an issue of Extension ServiceNews told of plans for publishing a "well-illustrated annualreport to show the work of the Extension Service in 1946."Director Baldwin announced that Treaster, Richardson andbulletin editor Joe Duncan were planning the publication.

The Extension Service News, the "house organ" for many years,dates back to the 1920's. It was published continuously,monthly, semimonthly and quarterly for nearly 40 years. Thefew copies of past issues that remain are easily the most valuabledocumentation of Michigan Extension history. Early editorswere Professor Applegate, Everett Swingle, Keith Himebaughand Joe Duncan. Later, Treaster and Richardson handled theeditorial effort. C.V. Ball, B.D. Kuhn and Edna Smithcontributed copy for many years.

Michigan State's information division was uniquely organized.When the Department of Information Services was created in1948, all information divisions on the campus were combinedunder a single unit. Information Services was administered bythe president's office. Presidential assistant James Denisonheaded the division for many years. In addition to Extensionand Experiment Station information, the department later wasto include the News Bureau, Sports Information, Universitypublications, Photography Lab and an editorial office forContinuing Education. Unlike other information units, staff forExtension and Experiment Station information were fundeddirectly from state and federal funds in the School ofAgriculture.

Bohn \iH.'.f.!Tdtl'. \1l'l'O\[d lH! Ul!t'llt, le/t,aiu] (J1(C\cdwlm,l! dL'/)[,/\ uf E.\tl'Il\lon

bu! It' t 111 ,I 111 I", "/tIC', 111 jIJ'F

39

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Committee on ExtensionPrograms, Policies and Goals;

The 1948Kepner Report

World War II ended in September 1945; the ExtensionService had contributed much to the war effort. Itnow was to work in a peacetime economy and help

to shape the future for rural America. The post-war periodwould bring unprecedented change. What would be the futurerole of education? Shortly after V-J Day, USDA SecretaryClinton P. Anderson proposed a study of the Extension Serviceto the president of the Association of Land-Grant Colleges andUniversities. Secretary Anderson suggested establishment of ajoint committee to make recommendations on programs, policiesand goals of the Cooperative Extension Service for the yearsahead.

Michigan State President John A. Hannah was named to thecommittee and was elected chairman. P.V. Kepner of theFederal Extension Service became executive secretary to thecommittee. The final report submitted in 1948 was the firstcomprehensive study review of the Extension Service in morethan 30 years. Authored in large part by Kepner, thecommittee's recommendations became popularly known as the"Kepner Report."6

The committee, consisting of college presidents, deans anddirectors made several major recommendations. Among thesewere:

• Meet growing demands from nonfarm rural and urbanresidents as far as resources will permit.

• Strengthen relationships between USDA and stateExtension Services with clear communication channels.

• Maintain relationships of all agencies and organizations toassume maximum service to rural people.

• Maintain liaison between Federal Extension Service andwith all USDA agencies and provide leadership but notdirection in the formulation of policy for state ExtensionServices.

• Improve coordination of the three land-grant collegefunctions of teaching, research and extension.

• Adapt educational methods to maximize both numbers ofpersons served and effectiveness of programs.

• Increase training opportunities for Extension workers andprovide for evaluation and reward of professionalaccomplishment.

• Substantially raise state and federal funding for Extensionwork and avoid earmarking of appropriations.

In conclusion, the committee noted: "In recent years it hasbeen necessary to devote much of its time to programs of anemergency nature ...The search must be intensified for moreeffective ways of stimulating rural people to seek and findsolutions to their problems ...Extension can look to the futureand see a growing need for its services This outlook should bereviewed as a challenging opportunity to make a continuinglygreater contribution to the welfare of both rural and urbanpeople."

Much of the report dealt with organization, structure and

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operation of the Extension Service. It seemed clear, however,that Extension at mid-century should look for other audiencesbeyond the traditional ones; e.g., farmers, farm families andrural communities. The implications were clear in an industrialstate like Michigan.

SUMMARYAs the decade ended at mid-century, there were to be

lasting and profound changes for the Extension Service.In June 1948, the Extension Service News carried the bannerheadline, "Baldwin Ends Long, Successful Career." He steppeddown after 38 years at Michigan State. Director Baldwin hadbeen at the helm for 34 years-the entire history of theExtension Service in Michigan since the passage of the 1914Smith-Lever Act. His retirement brought tribute and accoladesfrom sectors of the entire state.

World War II had come to an end with V.J. Day inSeptember 1945. The Extension Service had put forth anenormous effort in food production, labor recruitment, intraining and mobilizing resources on the home front. But therural exodus to aid the war cause began an irreversible trend.More and more people would leave the farm. There would be asteady decline in number of farms and farmers that wouldcontinue unabated for 40 years.

On April 12, 1945, the nation's war President, Franklin D.Roosevelt, was fatally stricken. Vice President Harry S. Trumanassumed command and saw the war to a close. The end wasclimaxed by the epochal dropping of the deadly atom bomb onJapan. As the nation returned to a peacetime economy, therewas an almost unquenchable thirst for consumer goods whichhad been denied during the war years. President Trumanextracted one of the political upsets of history when he defeatedGovernor Thomas E. Dewey in the 1948 election.

At Michigan State, veterans streamed to the campus to takeadvantage of the "G.I. Bill." By 1949, enrollments were over20,OOO-triple the pre-war number. For the college, years ofunprecedented growth were to extend into the 1960's. CollegePresident Hannah would assemble a faculty and staff that wouldbring MSC to university status as one of the premier land-grantinstitutions.

For the Extension Service, there would be a period of growththat would be unrivaled in any period. It would bring newleadership, structural change, increases in staff and bold,innovative programs that would place Michigan in theeducational forefront. Programs would capture attention of thenation and the world.

Director Baldwin, ending a career that had spanned twoworld wars, wrote in a closing retrospect: "One feels humblewhen given credit for the results of so many. The deepestsatisfactions come from just being a part of an institution whichhas influenced in some favorable way the lives of so manypeople."

A career had ended, the war time forties were history, but adynamic era lay ahead.

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------------------------------------- ---------- ---==---~------------

Footnotes1940's

1 H.A., Berg, "The Reorganization of the MichiganCooperative Extension Service!' Extension Service,U.S.D.A., July 1941.

2 Ibid.

3 "Thirty-Second Annual Report of the Division of ExtensionWork in Agricultural Home Economics to the State Board ofAgriculture:' Michigan State College, 1946.

4 Russell G. Hill, History of Department of ResourceDevelopment, MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, 1976.

Sibicl.

6 "Joint Committee Report on Extension Programs, Policies,and Goals;" U.S. Department of Agriculture and Associationof Land-Grant Colleges and Universities; U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, D.C., August 1948.

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...............Theentennial

Years:1950-1959

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At mid-century, the nation was rapidly recovering fromthe mobilization and consequences of a global war. Thestifled appetite for consumer goods which was checked

by the wartime economy was soon matched with record outputsfrom the farm and factory alike. Cars rolled off Michiganassembly lines, resulting in high employment and a giant spurtin the state economy which continued for most of the decade.

In the countryside, the rural exodus of war years continued.U.S. farm population dropped by nearly 5 million in the fortiesand in 1950 was now less than 15 percent of the nation's total.The number of farms continued to decline as land wasincorporated into larger units or taken out of agriculture in theurban sprawl. Michigan was in the forefront of this trend withmany alternatives for non-farm employment in business andindustry.

On the national scene, President Harry S. Truman was atmid-point of his second term after his upset win in the 1948election. The nation's leaders were concerned with thecontinued occupation of Japan and Germany and giganticdemands of world reconstruction. In the World War IIaftermath, a border conflict erupted into a full-scale KoreanWar with the U.S. sided on the South and ChineseCommunists on the North. Much of the nation again went ona war footing until the fighting stopped in 1953. During thisperiod, war hero Dwight D. Eisenhower became President,ending 20 years of Democratic rule. In the cabinet, Secretary ofAgriculture Ezra Taft Benson appointed Ohio ExtensionDirector C.M. Ferguson the new administrator of the FederalExtension Service. He succeeded M.L. Wilson, who had servedsince 1940. Ferguson was a Michigan State graduate and aclassmate of President John Hannah. With an Eisenhower re-election in 1956, the Republicans remained in firm controlthroughout the decade.

Exit the Cow CollegeOn the Michigan State campus, World War II veterans in

record numbers were completing degrees or continuingin graduate school. Enrollments had more than doubled from1940 to 1950 and continued to climb steadily to reach nearly30,000 in the fall of 1959. Building classrooms, laboratories, anew library and dormitories continued at an unprecedentedpace. The "cow college" was becoming a major university . Tostaff the ever-larger classes, faculty and staff were recruited fromacross the nation as enrollments spiraled up by a thousand ormore students a year.

The decade of the fifties was to see Michigan State Collegebecome Michigan State University, a member of the Big TenAthletic Conference and a national football power. Theelevation to university status would coincide closely with acentennial celebration for the country's first land-grantinstitution. President John A. Hannah, a recognized nationalleader, was periodically on leave for service in key federal posts.But he continued to preside over the dramatic growth of anagricultural college which was soon to attain stature as a majorU.S. university. The campus, as one writer observed, "is a placewhere the concrete never sets!" A booming economy, high auto

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sales and rapid economic growth also produced record stateappropriation for higher education. It was a golden era foreducation.

For the Cooperative Extension Service, expansion andinnovation were the norm. More staff would offer additionalprograms to extend the University's educational resources togreater numbers of Michigan citizens. The 1950-51 Extensionbudget exceeded $2,000,000 with a staff of ) 19. The ExtensionService would join the total University for sharing developmentin an international dimension. C.V. "Clint" Ballard hadassumed the director's position from Robert Baldwin, his long-time predecessor in 1948. After four years he stepped down in1952 to transfer leadership to a new generation. By the end ofthe decade, Ballard would be the first of four men to occupvthe director's chair. In seven years, two of these new directorswould move on to key positions in University administration.

• I

\/I[ In, ll)::;'~, Ih't •. ,int'do)" "W'o/Jd\"

\ ',/In,'7 \[/(dlt'ti/lt'LI '-1df/llld/J Hllh

!l)t\lt\t'\\n/, ('.\' Hdlidrd

With Director Ballard's retirement in 1952, many changesin the Extension Service were to occur during the

centennial years. Durwood B. "Woody" Varner, a dynamic "ag"economist who had come to Michigan from Texas, was selected

The New Order Emerges

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new director of Extension to replace Ballard. Varner had therespect of many through his statewide programs in publicpolicy.

Varner was at the Extension helm for less than three years. In1955 he became the University's first vice president with thetitle, vice president for off-campus education. Six months beforethis appointment, Varner brought in sociologist Paul Miller asthe deputy director for Extension. On April I, 1955, of State'scentennial year, Miller was named Michigan's fourth director tosucceed Varner. He headed the Extension Service until early1959 when he was appointed MSU's first provost. SucceedingMiller was N.P. "Pat" Ralston, head of the dairy department.As the fourth director of the 1950's and a newcomer toExtension, he was the first administrator in 45 years who hadnot risen from Extension ranks. Ralston served until the mid-sixties when he accepted a post with the Federal ExtensionService.

Shifts in AgricultureWhile changes were being made in the Extension Service,

administration in the School of Agriculture alsoshifted. E.L. Anthony, long-time dean, retired after 20 years tobe replaced by C.M. "Cliff" Hardin. Hardin had moved fromagricultural economics to become director of the AgriculturalExperiment Station prior to being named dean.

Hardin's term as dean was brief. In less than a year he wasoffered the position of chancellor at the University of Nebraska.He remained on the Cornhusker campus until he was appointedSecretary of Agriculture in the Nixon Cabinet in 1969.Replacing Hardin as dean in 1954 was T.K. "Tom" Cowden,head of agricultural economics. Following Cowden as chairmanwas L.L. "Larry" Boger who was to become dean 15 years later.

In the early fifties there were rapid administrative shifts. Overa three-year period the dean of agriculture changed twice.Likewise for the Extension director-Ballard to Varner toMiller. In the same time frame, Lloyd M. Turk, chairman of thesoils department, replaced Hardin as director of the ExperimentStation.

Program LeadershipLong careers as Extension program leaders came to an end

in the 1950's. During the decade, leadership wouldchange for all programs. B.F. "Bub" Kuhn, who had directedagricultural programs since 1951, left in 1954 to serve on MSU'sOkinawa project. R.W. "Dick" Bell, who had headed theexperimental Extension township program, was named assistantdirector for agriculture to succeed Kuhn. Veteran state 4-Hleader A.G. "Kerr" Kettunen stepped down after 31 years in1956. He was followed by Russell G. Mawby, a former Michigan4-H member who was completing a Ph.D. at MSU.

Leona McLeod was named new state home demonstrationleader in 1950 to replace Rachel Markwell. During this time, aprogram name change from "Home Demonstration Work" to

The [im three Extemion directors andspowe.\ met In 19.'2 - the Rohert BaldHlns(1914 ·1941-5) left; the "\\'()()d," Vamm(1952 -19_'5) and the CV Ballard.1(1941-1-l'J.'2)

Federal £Hen.,,,,n ,I<rector C ..\1. Ferguson

conferring Ulth Oiredor Varner In 1953.

DLdll Tom COHJl'rl L-07lSHicin,t; tt'lth Paul.\Wler, iurcctor from 1'l.'.' -19.'1-1.

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L I

I ',,,Ie, Leona \jacLeod - rhe "Home

Demon.'tracion'· program hecame

"Excen:-;ion HOHle EconomiL·.\."

A\\oc/are director Iler" llerg, fa, Tlghr,

\( ILhIndone\lun IIS/Wr and Flmd FlaJ\l'rhand Helen Srophler, Berg '.\ long -Wne

E'\cl'n.~i(m '1.~sociuct's.

48

"Home Economics" was recommended by Director Varner in1954. Home demonstration had been the program for 40 years.Ms. McLeod, a former clothing specialist, retired in 1959 to befollowed by Miriam J. Kelley, who had come from Kentucky tohead the new Consumer Marketing Information project. Shewas assigned a new title of assistant Extension director and stateleader for Home Economics and Family Living.

In other program revisions, Robert Kramer was appointed in1954 to coordinate a new program in Agricultural Marketingand Consumer Information. He was named assistant director formarketing in 1960. Kramer also headed MSU's AgriculturalMarketing and Utilization Center. Director Ralston also namedW.J. "Bill" Kimball, a specialist in a new Department ofResource Development, as program leader for a program thrustthat was to have many titles over the years. The first wasidentified as "Community Resource Development" and laterbecame "Resource Development."

In staff development, John Stone returned from a leave atHarvard University to a new position in Extension Teachingand Field Studies. He became the first head of a new Institutefor Extension Personnel Development created in 1957. Stoneresigned in 1959 to become state Extension director in SouthDakota. Associate director George Axinn then assumed a dualrole. He continued in the director's office and also headed thetraining institute.

Extension SupervisionAn original team of supervisors appointed by Director

Baldwin in 1947 continued to serve in four districtsthrough the early 1950's. These supervisors also provided liaisonfor the agriculture program. A.A. Griffith, Harold Foster andE.A. Wenner were assigned to lower Michigan. When Wennerresigned, he was followed by D.A. Caul, who had been anagent in Van Buren. Upon the death of Jamie Wells in theU.P., Russell Horwood was appointed. Horwood was succeededby Daniel W. Sturt, who held a joint appointment with CESand MSU's Continuing Education Service.

New Director Varner revamped the structure to staff asupervisory team in each district. This created supervisors foragriculture, home economics and 4-H club work. Some duties ofassistant state program leaders were transferred to the districtsupervisors. In addition to the staff mentioned earlier, othersupervisors assumed responsibilities for youth and homeeconomic programs. These included Maurice Hill, EinerOlstrom, Margaret Harris, Jack Ferver, Margaret Browne, EdnaSommerfeld and Ruth Peck. Others who held those postsincluded Ray Ranta, 4-H; Dorothy Erler Blank, 4-H and homeeconomics; and Florence Rann, home economics.

Under Director Miller, state supervisors were organized intofive districts. Former supervisory team members for homeeconomics and 4-H were reassigned, and one supervisor in eachdistrict was given a new title of "District Extension Director."Miller's initial appointments were: East-Harold Foster;Central-Bohn Musgrave; West-A.A. Griffith; North-D.A.Caul and U.P.-Daniel Sturt. When Caul went on leave for

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graduate work at the University of Wisconsin, Einer Olstromtook over the north district, which later was to be divided intotwo supervisory units.

Both Varner and Miller spurred many innovative anddramatic developments. Additional funds from both state andfederal sources rapidly expanded both programs and personnel.In ten years, over 100 agent and specialist positions were addedto the CES staff. At no other time in history had the ExtensionService experienced such growth, nor-as pointed oute1sewhere- had the student body, the campus and the entireuniversity community. State appropriations were generous andthe first of numerous grants from the W.K. Kellogg Foundationprovided for bold new programs. Interspersed in this seven-yearspan (1952-59) came the MSU centennial celebration with themechanization exposition, elevation of MSC to university status,admission of athletics to the "Big Ten" and a new era for theland of the Spartans.

A New GenerationThe 1950's were indeed a shift from the old to the new.

While President Hannah remained "in command" forthe entire decade, there were dozens of new Universityappointments. After University status was achieved in 1955, theState Board of Agriculture was dissolved, and a new Board ofTrustees was named in 1959. The era also marked the passingof a number of key figures in MSU history. Death claimedPresident Emeritus Robert Shaw, retired Director Ballard, hislongtime associate B.D. Kuhn, veteran state 4-H leader A.G.Kettunen and former assistant director Roy Decker. Pioneeragents of the Depression thirties and the war years retired orleft to be replaced by younger staff.

It was a dynamic era. Four Extension Service leaders of thedecade were to become college presidents, and one was to bepresident of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. An informationservices editor entered law school and was later to be electedChief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court. Rapid universitygrowth and upward advancements were the order of the day. Itwas no less so for the Cooperative Extension Service, whichlaunched into new areas and expanded into new horizons for"Better Living Through Learning."

APpointment of Director "Woody" V arner as MSC vicepresident in 1955 was a landmark in campus history.Since the days of President Butterfield, various attempts

had been made to coordinate and develop off-campus programs.In his new assignment, Varner was to coordinate all off-campuseducation, including the work of the Extension Service. Whilethere were efforts at coordination, Continuing Educationand Cooperative Extension continued under separateadministrations.

In 1945, a committee on reorganization of the ExtensionService had recommended ONE unified Extension program forMichigan State. The School of Agriculture mustered strong

Directors compared notes - Pat Ralston ofCES and Llovd Turk of the ExperimentStation.

A Policy forPublic Service

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opposition to the proposal, and the Extension Service continuedto be a part of the College of Agriculture. Extension staffreacting to the 1945 report appeared more concerned withinternal structure and lines of authority than in a total,coordinated off-campus educational effort. Nor was there greatenthusiasm among other campus deans to relegate Extensionactivities to agriculture and the director of Extension. The endresult was creation of a "Continuing Education Service"answerable to the president.

How It BeganSome historical background is relevant. Kuhn's "The First

Hundred Years" captures it well.' Some repetition ofearlier sections may bring the broad developmental scope ofMichigan State's public service policy into sharper focus.

Kenyon Butterfield had returned as MSC president in 1924.His record was superlative. Surely, Extension would fare well.The fanfare quickly died when it was discovered Butterfield wasbringing a man to direct a "continuing education department"which would also oversee the Extension Service. An unexpecteddevelopment, it predictably was not well received in Extensioncircles. It was an accurate forecast.

Though Massachusetts, where Butterfield had just beenpresident, had a continuing education service, such adevelopment was too new for MSC. Some expressed concernthat MSC was moving too far towards the liberal arts at theexpense of agriculture anyway. The president's selection, JohnD. Willard, could not have been more of an outsider. Willard'swork was plagued from the beginning by lack of funding, andhis relations with the Extension Service were troubled at best.?

Director Baldwin, despite board directive, continued to reportto Dean Robert Shaw instead of Willard. As Ralph Tenny waslater to comment: " ...although there were no open hostilities, ithad been quietly determined that what had been agriculturewould remain agriculture."! Butterfield's presidential term lastedonly four years. In 1928 he was succeeded by Agriculture DeanRobert Shaw. As one brief claim to fame for the Butterfieldyears, MAC became Michigan State College in 1925. This titlecontinued for 30 years and the centennial.

Like Butterfield, President Hannah also wanted acontinuing education program, and he was willing to

make major changes to get it. His first move was to establish aCommittee of Deans to oversee campus short courses with aneye towards coordinated expansion. Deans were unwilling tosupport another department's projects, particularly if it meanttheir own would be less well funded. The Michigan legislaturegave continuing education a shot in the arm in 1944 byallocating money for "experimental adult education" programs.Orion Ulrey of agricultural economics was appointed theagriculture representative with J. Donald Phillips as coordinator.The Committee of Deans oversaw the program andrecommended specialists to help Ulrey. They also recommendedthe program be operated under the Extension Service."

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In 1945, the committee studying Extension Servicereorganization had recommended several additions to the staff.These came about after some resistance. As an initial step in1947, C. V. Ballard became "Assistant Director in Charge ofField Coordination." Donald Phillips, who had been with theadult education project, was appointed to a new position of"Assistant Director in Charge of Adult Education." AgricultureDean Anthony noted at the time that "some of the Extensionstaff had their feet braced against this move." Phillips, originatorof the "Phillips 66" discussion method, had developed a popularfollowing around the state. At one time he had six assistants.All were appointed to the Extension staff.

In the same period, there were shifts in control of collegeshort courses. Since 1925, Ralph Tenny had headed thisprogram. Over the years he had added seminars, courses,conferences and training sessions that brought over 10,000participants per year to the campus. The programs were addingan enlarged dimension to college outreach.

The Shaping ofContinuing EducationIna reorganization of short courses, an office of special

courses and conferences had been established in 1948 withRussell Kleis in charge. It was short-lived. Only weeks later theState Board created the Continuing Education Service. Aflamboyant Carl M. Horn was named the director. Kleis'division was transferred to be a part of Horn's office. The StateBoard recommended that the Director of Continuing Educationbe made responsible to the Director of Extension. This toowould prove to be a temporary arrangement.

Enter Kellogg Center-As out-of-classroom activity grew,there was need for added facilities. Escalating studentenrollments were taxing available space. During the late forties,proposals made to the W.K. Kellogg Foundation resulted in theconstruction of the Kellogg Center for Continuing Education.Ground was broken in 1948, and the new center opened in1951 as a conference center, headquarters for ContinuingEducation and a model motel where students could train inhotel and restaurant management. It was an emphatic symbol ofMSC's commitment to Continuing Education. Kellogg Centertruly became a significant part of the University's commitmentto public service. It was one of the first and finest facilities of itskind in the nation.

The Mandated Continuing Education-The relationshipbetween Continuing Education and Extension was apparentlyan uneasy one. Only a year after Continuing Education wascreated and assigned under Extension aegis, it was transferred.The new venture was placed under the Dean of the All-CollegeDivision and responsible directly to the president. ContinuingEducation began a broad proliferation of programs ranging fromdriver education to flying classrooms. Director Horn'senthusiasm for the spectacular appeared to eclipse the mundaneproblems of finance, budget and administration. While on his

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Distinguished Visitors - Dean Cowdengreets Secretary of Agriculture Benson.

most ambitious venture, a six-week European tour with a groupof national leaders, the end came. Horn was summarily relievedof duty by the State Board. The new director was Edgar L.Harden. Continuing Education was then made responsibledirectly to the president with guidance by a campus advisorycommittee.

Status and Stature GrowUnder Harden's leadership the program expanded and

continued to be highly regarded. July 1, 1953, Harden'stitle was changed to "Dean of Continuing Education." Thisserved to elevate the status of the program. The following yearthe first regional centers were opened in Detroit, Kalamazooand Traverse City. Michigan State had established the policythat "the state is its campus."

Meanwhile, "Woody" Varner had been named director ofCooperative Extension. At about the same time there were twonew deans of agriculture. Upon Dean Anthony's retirement in1953, Experiment Station Director Hardin took over to bereplaced less than a year later by T.K. "Tom" Cowden. As thecentennial year of 1955 opened, Dean Harden of ContinuingEducation resigned to head a large industrial association inCleveland, Ohio. A year later he accepted the presidency ofNorthern Michigan University. After two-and-a-half years at theExtension Service helm, Director Varner was appointed April 1"Vice President for Off-Campus Education and Director ofContinuing Education." Once again speculation was rife as tothe future direction of Michigan State's public service programs.

Upon his appointment, Varner commented: "I am particularlyenthusiastic about prospects for developing more closelycoordinated, off-campus programs." President Hannah notedthat "new duties would include all off-campus activities,including Cooperative Extension ...but the Extension Serviceprogram would continue to be administered in the School ofAgriculture ..."

For some years, visionary leaders had attempted unified effortsto coordinate the unique teaching, research and public servicefunctions of the land-grant university. The Varner appointmentwas Michigan State's attempt. Universities of Missouri andWisconsin later made the boldest ventures for coordinatedprograms. Both states combined programs under a singleadministration. The trade-off was frequently an alternate set ofproblems. All institutions have learned that money and control(or lack of either) are crucial. In any case, few mergers haveenjoyed long success.

MSU -The First YearsFollowing the centennial observance (see the next section),

Michigan State was now well on the way to a statusmajor University. Student enrollments exceeded 20,000 andincreasing by a thousand each fall term. After one year, VicePresident Varner yielded a portion of his duties. Leslie Scott

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was appointed Dean of Continuing Education. He later wouldhead the MSU Development Fund. he left after a year to bereplaced by H.S. "Jake" Neville.

Early in 1959, Varner was selected to head Michigan State'ssatellite campus at Oakland, MSU-O. Extension Director Millerwas named to succeed Varner and assume some of his dutiesand became the University's first provost, the chief academicofficer. Varner's vice presidential post was never filled. "Pat"Ralston followed Miller as state Extension director.

The changes and new appointments appeared to some asfurther efforts to centralize policies and control and coordinatepublic service under a single head. A merger (if one ever wascontemplated) failed to materialize. Off-campus education was toremain a dual entity of Continuing Education and CooperativeExtension.

Lowell Ekland summarized the developments in his Ph.D.dissertation. He had once been in a continuing educationcenter. Commenting on both the early developments underPresident Butterfield and those preceding and attending theearly fifties, he said, in part:

" ...the role of the agricultural interests in aggravatinginstead of ameliorating the problems of generalextension .. .is significant in its negative effect...Theapparent prevalence of the 'dog in a manger' attitudetoward non-agricultural extension fixes a considerabledegree of reprehensibility. Particularly is this so whenone recognizes the almost constant encouragement andopportunity that was their (agriculture's) to assumesponsorship of the program ...prior to 1948. Havingfailed to accept the challenge, they strongly opposed theemergence of some effective alternative.l"

What If... ?One cannot resist speculation of MSU's off-campus

programs, had two principals remained. If Hardenstayed on as head of Continuing Education and Vice PresidentVarner remained in his post, what might have occurred? Duringa period of unprecedented campus growth, a centennialobservance and elevations to university status were heady eventsfor Spartanland. These, and other milestones, were central atthe precise midpoint of John Hannah's career as Michigan Statepresident.

Before the fifties were out, but in scarcely a dozen years, fivemen occupied the director's chair for the Extension Service-this, quite in contrast to the 34-year term of R.J. Baldwin from1914-48. When the fifties ended, the Cooperative ExtensionService remained in the College of Agriculture. Governor G.Mennen "Soapy" Williams was completing his last of six terms.The "pay less paydays" had ended. A climactic decade hadended. What follows describes the work of those who played theroles of this unparalleled era.

-------------------------------------------------~~- ~-

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The 100thAnniversary :

1955

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The year 1955 marked the centennial of Michigan State.A gala array of activities seemed unending. These rangedfrom the observance of Founders' Day on February 12 to

winning the Big Ten football championship and earning asecond Rose Bowl berth in three years. "A Century of Service"was the theme for MSU's float in the 1956 Pasadena roseparade.

It was an unparalleled year in Spartanland. In retrospect, thecentennial report commented: "It is conservative to say that thecentennial brought more national attention to Michigan Statethan any other series of events in the history of the schoo!." Itwas also a recommitment to public service of which CooperativeExtension had been so much a part in the first century. Thereport continued: "More than ever, in its hundredth year,Michigan State seemed to see its future responsibilities in thearea of service buttressed by scholastic excellence and researchcompetency. "6

New Nameat a New AgeIt began in April. The state legislature passed the bill to

change the name of Michigan State College to MichiganState University. The action was effective July 1, 1955. TheState Board of Agriculture issued its 94th annual report as aMichigan State University publication. The Board continued togovern until the state's 1962 Constitutional Conventionprovided for an eight-member elected board of trustees.

The centennial year placed agriculture in the spotlight. Thesame idea that created the land-grant colleges had even earlierconceived Michigan Agricultural College in 1855. Theinstitution carried that name for nearly 70 years. For 30 more itwas the Michigan State College of Agriculture and AppliedSciences. Dean T.K. Cowden presented his first annual reportas dean of the new College of Agriculture when MSC becameMichigan State University. A new Anthony Hall to houseanimal sciences was nearing completion. In a keynote address atthe 1955 Farmer's Week, USDA Secretary Benson said, in part:

"Today we know that the pioneers of East Lansingopened a path-no, built a highway-to enormousprogress. Research and education are influencing yourlives in many ways. But often the most fruitful search isone that has no immediate destination. Its purpose is topush back the broad frontiers of knowledge-to open

. "7new vistas ...

Gala CelebrationThe centennial events opened with a Founders' Day

convocation on February 12, the birthdate of AbrahamLincoln (under whose administration the Michigan concept ofan agricultural college came to full flower in the Morrill Act of1862). Convocation speaker was James B. Conant, president

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emeritus of Harvard University. Some 900 guests attended,including representatives of 250 colleges and universities andmore than 100 learned societies. Michigan State conferred 13honorary degrees, and 27 centennial awards were presented. Apresentation of a commemorative stamp, "The First of theLand-Grant Colleges," saluted MSC and Penn State, bothfounded in 1855.

Dozens of special events were staged during the year-longcelebration. President Hannah cited three achievements of land-grant institutions: a high standard of living, a high degree ofsocial mobility and political stability. "Needs exist today," heconcluded, "for each of these achievements ...and a revamping ofour educational machinery and revision of our attitudes aredesirable if we are to meet the challenges that press upon us."As he spoke, two major shifts were already in progress.Continuing Education's Dean Harden was leaving theuniversity, and Extension Director Varner would be assuming anew post as a vice president.

Farm Mechanizationin the SpotlightAgriculture's "feature act" was a gigantic mechanical

exhibition in August. It was billed as "the most completeexhibit of engineering in agriculture ever attempted." It drewnational attention. Value of exhibits totaled nearly 20 milliondollars, and more than 300,000 persons-including a Russianfarm delegation-attended the week-long event, which had beentwo years in planning. A.W. "Prof." Farrall of agriculturalengineering was general chairman. Hundreds of associations,organizations and equipment manufacturers took part. Allan B.Kline, president of the American Farm Bureau Federation, cutthe ribbon to officially open the exhibition.

Each day the pageant, "Land of Plenty," was presented in aspecial arena. Nearly 44,000 were attracted to the dramadepicting American farm progress. Distinguished guests included"Mrs. America of 1955," (Mrs. Ramona Dieternever): radiocommentator Lowell Thomas, and General Motors mechanicalwizard Charles F. "Boss Ket" Kettering. Nearly 1,000 attended aspecial exhibition luncheon and comprised a "committee of1,000" to publicize and support the event.

Hundreds of Extension staff, rural leaders and members offarm organizations helped with the exhibition. "Prof." Farrall'scommittee included specialists Carl Albrecht, James Boyd, CarlHall, Ernest Kidder, Robert Maddex, Robert White, and DennisWiant. Exhibitions filled some 600 booths on the 100-acre siteas well as in the stadium, auditorium, Demonstraton Hall andJenison Fieldhouse

At the close of the centennial year, MSU was awarded theFreedoms Foundation George Washington Honor Medal for itsoutstanding contribution to the American way of life. Filedaway with the momentos were Madison Kuhn's history, "TheFirst Hundred Years," film records of "The Year We Were 100"and the documentary, "The Second Hundred." For centennial

1')55 Cenrennilll commemorume pas rage sramp.

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AgriculturalProgramsat Mid-Century

56

chairman Alvie Smith, the celebration was a monumentalaccomplishment.

With the change in title, schools now were colleges of MSU.A new College of Communication Arts was created, and aLabor and Industrial Relations Center established. ExtensionDirector Varner's elevation to University vice president was to"coordinate" administration of the Continuing EducationService with the Cooperative Extension Service.

In November, MSU hosted the Association of Land-GrantColleges and Universities. The meeting was the last of dozens ofconferences, symposia and seminars staged in the centennialyear. President Hannah's words at the opening of the gala yearsum it well:

"It would be much more meaningful in the historicalsense if visitors could find that all of us were, in thewords of the centennial theme, 'dedicated here to theunfinished work.' That work ...is to serve the people ofour state, our country and the world, to the best of ourability as they need to be served. "8

The agriculture of the 1950's was marked by gradual,certain and irreversible change. The technology that hadbrought victory in World War II was spilling at an

unparalleled rate into U.S. industry and on America's farms.No less so in Michigan. "Efficiency" was a key word. Reducelabor inputs, expand land and capital-with the result, increasedproductivity-per farm and per man. Increased output often hadone more factor in the farm equation-lower prices.

In 1950 the farm economy was on the brink of rapid change.Individual farms were growing larger with increased investments.During the war years the value of the average farm haddoubled. By the end of the fifties the figure would double again.

The census of 1949 listed 155,589 Michigan farms. Theaverage size was 111 acres. However, only 61,000, or about 40percent, reported farm sales of $2,500 or more. The averageMichigan farm was valued at about $11,000. A productive,lOO-acrefarm in southern Michigan could be purchased forunder $20,000.

Bigger But FewerTimes changed. At the end of the fifties the average-size

farm had grown to 131 acres. It was worth about$25,000. Michigan lost over 40,000 farms during the decade,and only 59,000 reported sales of $2,500 in the 1959 census.Average gross income per farm rose by 30 percent. Expensesclimbed too. Many farmers had less net return than they hadearned ten years earlier. The average Michigan farm was nowvalued at over $25,000.

The post-war farm boom of the late 1940's was short-lived.The productivity geared up to fulfill "Food Will Win the War"continued. Demand evaporated. Even the Korean War and

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noble foreign aid efforts of "The Marshall Plan" and "PointFour" failed to provide markets-except at sharply falling prices."Surpluses" was a common term of the farm vocabulary.Against this backdrop, Extension mounted agriculture programsfor the fifties.

USDA Secretary Charles F. Brannan proposed "The BrannanPlan" to bolster the agricultural economy. His plan wouldpermit no production cutbacks. Price differentials were to hemade up in direct payments to farmers-from the U.S.Government. "Heresy!" many cried, and in the 1952 elections,voters returned the Republicans to power. Mormon leader EzraTaft Benson, a champion of free enterprise and staunchsupporter of agricultural research and education, took over asSecretary of Agriculture. His appointment had a sharp impacton U.S. agriculture for the next eight years.

Veteran ag agencI in 1954 oD.lcned 25",aLI in Extension. Clockuise from top left- Gordon SchluhaCLI, Clarence \1ullcrr ,Harold rmter, .Ies.le Huggett, Rmcne Smith,Paul Barrctr and Blair 'X'oodman.

Forging Educationfor the Fifties, 'Clint" Ballard and "Bub" Kuhn had traveled the state's

by-ways for more than 25 years. Both were well awareof the impending changes on Michigan's farm scene. They hadgiven many years of leadership to the state's "ag" programs.Agricultural agents throughout the state were both astuteobservers and tireless teachers in assisting farm families. Whenagents exhausted answers, they turned to specialists andresearchers "at the college" for more.

In the counties, agents like Mellencamp, Gunderson, Coulter,Otterbein, Roscoe Smith, Gibson, Raven, Knopf, Amundsen,Jack Brown, Finley Crompton, Schluhatis, Huggett, Hall, Baileyand Kardel had collectively given hundreds of years of servicefor the cause of Michigan farm families. On the campus,

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Allan B. Kline, presidl.'n[ of [he AmericanFann Bureau FeJcru[ion, cur [he rihhon

officiall> opming [he Cen[ennial of FannMeehanlzarian a.1 Dean Tom Cotiaen andExren.lion Dircewr Wood, Varner look on.

specialists such as "Art" Howland, "Mac" Moore, "Jim" Hays,Henry Moore, "Art" Bell, Harry Moxley, Paul Krone, PaulRood and Don Hootman traveled the state, held hundreds ofmeetings and trudged over countless acres. All were to becomelegend as a new, post-war generation of agents and specialistswould now replace them in the continuing goal of improvingMichigan agriculture.

Bell Begins-When "Clint" Ballard became Extensiondirector in 1948, his assistant, "Bub" Kuhn, was named the firststate leader of agricultural programs. In 1954, Kuhn was askedto share his organizational know-how in the MSU Ryukyusproject. He spent two years in Okinawa. Upon return, he spenta brief stint as Extension personnel officer and died in late1956. In Kuhn's absence, "Dick" Bell was appointed "ag"program leader. Bell had come from Nebraska as a farm cropsspecialist in 1941. More recently he had directed theexperimental township agent program. In 1956 he becameassistant Extension director for agriculture and held this postuntil his retirement in the 1970's.

Staff size increased greatly during the decade. In 1950, 75counties had agricultural agents. The field staff included 18more assistant and district agents. The 93 agricultural agentsalso had added assignments with both 4-H club and homedemonstration programs. Ten years later, many countyagricultural agents were called "County Extension Directors." Inaddition to 73 directors who worked primarily in agriculture,there were now 44 additional "ag" agents. The combinedagriculture-marketing staff now totaled 147. The 1950 reportsshowed Extension contacts with 132,000 of the state's farmfamilies.

Blueprint for Progress-In 1954, a group of the state's ruralleaders met to plan a two-year study on the future ofMichigan's agricultural community. The effort was spearheadedby the Michigan Agricultural Conference, the Farm Bureau andState Grange. Conclusions of the Michigan Rural ChallengeCommittee-as the group was collectively called-included onethat " .. .farming has shifted from small family enterprisessymbolized as a 'way of life' to highly competitive, complexcommercial ventures."

At the time of the study, Michigan had about 139,000 farms.By the end of the decade, the figure had dropped to 111,817.The average farm size was something above 100 acres. Trendswere unmistakable: there would be fewer but larger farms, fewerfarmers and an ever-decreasing farm population. "Automation"would mean more production from a reduced number of farms.The Cooperative Extension Service would be an inevitablepartner in advancing this trend.

Other blueprint findings were also noteworthy. Moreemphasis was needed for marketing. There would be increasingcompetition for natural resources. More farm operators wouldwork off the farm as labor needs declined. A new term, "part-time farmers," emerged. The report also surfaced the recognitionof low-income farm families and the need for special help inrural areas. Finally, with increasing mechanization andautomation, there was the recognition of energy requirementsand costs. These were then very inexpensive by modern

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standards. But in 1955 a visionary committee suggested,"perhaps solar and atomic energy will one day be sources offarm power."

The findings were to be part of a ten-year plan. The115-member committee offered more than a hundredrecommendations for crop and livestock production, naturalresources, rural services and the maintenance of ruralcommunities. The report concluded with the hope that"findings will be used by citizens to focus attention on theproblems, the solutions and the opportunities in ruralMichigan." While the report compiled a wealth of data, few ofthe recommendations appeared to translate into action programsof the fifties.

Farm and Home Development-Forward planning was amajor program in the fifties. New federal funds provided foremployment of additional agricultural agents. Both agricultureand home economics staff planned the Michigan Farm andHome Development Program. It was targeted to young farmcouples and those entering the farm business. Fifteen agentsthroughout the state were assigned the title of "Farm and HomeDevelopment Agents" in 1954. The total staff effort wasdesigned to give intensive help in business management to alimited number of farm families. The planning project wasgenerally carried out in small groups of 20 or fewer. It was oneof the areas of emphasis in overall Extension programprojection.

The new agents in most cases augmented existing county staff.Some counties appropriated additional funds for the newprogram. There were no charges to individual participants. Theprogram operated somewhat less intensively on a county basis,much like the experimental township project had done for localcommunities. The farm unit approach focused on the individualfarm as a business unit rather than the less integrated farmpractice basis targeted at farm crop or livestock enterprises. Allagricultural staff participated in the program, which stressedsound business management and financial planning. During the1950's more than 3,000 farm families participated in theprogram directed by state program leader "Dick" Bell,agricultural economist L.H. "Hi" Brown, home managementspecialist Eunice Pardee and management specialists in bothagriculture and home economics.

The major thrust of farm and home development took placein the mid-fifties. Later the management programs wereintegrated into existing agriculture and home economicsprograms. A 1957 report summarized: " ... the responsibility forthis phase of Extension education was transferred from a fewspecialized agents to a staff function for everyone. " To bolsterthe use of intensive efforts in farm and home development,more than 40 agricultural agents and 20 home economists wereadded to the staff during the decade. The development programwas clearly designed to provide greater individual help to farmfamilies. Worn shoes to show farm visits were accorded as signsof success.

Township Extension Program-In 1953 the W.K. KelloggFoundation granted $270,000 for a five-year experimentalprogram in intensive agricultural management education. The

Township agent A.T. "AI" Hall workingwith Lapeer County couple in uniquetownship agricultural progmm of themid -fifties

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Minimum tillage took hold long before anenergy crisis.

project was designed to test whether a concentrated effort couldresult in greater educational impacts. Results would be measuredby increased incomes, practice adoptions and knowledge gainedby participants. Another objective was to determine if smallgovernmental units would vote financial support for suchventures if these demonstrated results to local people.

The answers were yes and no. After five years, researchstudies directed by economist James Nielson indicated ratherdramatic increases in net farm income by participating farmers.There were also definite differences in practice adoption anddefinite changes in knowledge levels.

The program began phasing out in 1958, and Nielson'sanalysis was published in 1959 entitled, "The MichiganTownship Experiment-Changes in Agricultural Production,Efficiency and Earnings."

The township program was coordinated by state programleader "Dick" Bell and specialist "Hi" Brown. Townshipscontributed a portion of the yearly cost of the project toaugment the foundation grant. Agents who directed programsin five counties were:Agent Township CountyLouie WebbOrville Walker

Newton CalhounKalkaska

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Tri-TownshipDenmark LapeerLoren Black,

Quentin OstranderA.T. HallDon Eppelheimer

AlmontOdessa

TuscolaIonia

Agents worked closely with 50·150 farmers enrolled in eachtownship. These agents made hundreds of visits to participatingfarms. Following expiration of the Kellogg grant, the ExtensionService assumed the phase-out costs, and agents were reassignedto county positions. Calhoun supervisors voted funds to employan agricultural agent, and Webb was employed as a grant agentwith CEO B.E. Henry. Kalkaska's tri-township was the onlyarea voting to continue the experimental program.

A special act of the legislature (Michigan Act 197) enabledtownships to vote levies to continue the intensive programs. InIonia the referendum lost by five votes. In Tuscola the levy lostby a small margin. In the Lapeer area the program wasdecisively rejected. The five-year program showed increased netincomes of participants 70 percent over control groups. Networth showed a $5,000 difference. Township farmers alsoadopted more new practices and acquired greater technicalskills.

Why, then, was support denied? Analysts maintained thatvoters believed that tax costs would benefit only a select part ofthe local community. Likelihood of future tax support was not aproject objective, but the unique effort drew nationwideattention to the intensive educational approach.

"Everyday" AgricultureA major Extension objective of the 1950's was the

development of a more prosperous agriculture.Prosperity was to accrue to farm families and to the state's

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agribusiness industry. For farmers, the goal was increased farmincome; for farm suppliers and marketing firms, improvedefficiency of the market system-and hence profits. "Michiganagriculture," one summary concluded, "is directly in the path ofthe second largest and fastest moving wave of populationgrowth of the 48 states-in a region which already contains 90percent of the people and which will have to accommodatevirtually all the growth of the next ten years."

Trends of the fifties were clearly toward fewer and largerfarms. But even the combination of expanded size, greaterefficiency and available technology could not offset farm priceslides. Unwittingly, the educational programs and technologyadoptions designed to aid farmers frequently resulted inproduction levels beyond current markets; the end product-surpluses and depressed prices. Innovative projects such as theTownship Agent Program and Farm and Home Developmentstill reached less than five percent of the state's farm families.More conventional activities in agriculture were still widely usedfor on-going Extension programs.

Farm Management Tour-The first state Farm ManagementTour was held in 1949. In the fifties, more than 150,000attended the annual event rotated around the state. The 1950tour featured a talk by Extension economist D.B. "Woody"Varner whose topic was, "What the Economists See Ahead."Agricultural engineering programs were concerned withmechanization, farm buildings, drainage irrigation, ruralelectrification and crop drying. The Centennial Farm Exhibitionat MSU in 1955 was a high point of the ten-year period.Farmers' Week continued to be held each February with yearlyattendance ranging over 25,000. "Rural Progress Caravans" werecontinued to illustrate labor-saving structures and equipment.Specialists "Mac" Moore of poultry and George Amundson ofagricultural engineering staged the tours.

Agents continued to devote a high percentage of time to cropand livestock production. The "grass days" begun in the fortieswere held each June to emphasize use of forages. Animal diseaseprograms focused on eradication of brucellosis and mastitis inMichigan dairy herds. The year 1957 was a record crop year.The state had its first 100 million-bushel corn crop. An averageyield of 1,080 pounds of field beans set another record, andnearly half a million acres were harvested. In the same year56,500 soil samples were tested in Extension labs.

Agricultural Handbook-As the agent staff continued toexpand and new workers were employed, there was a constantneed for current reference information. During 1956-57 an"Extension Agricultural Handbook" was planned. April 1, 1957,Royal Fraederick was employed in information services ashandbook editor. In the first two years, nearly 1,000 one-, two-,and four-page "Fact Sheets" were published to include in thelarge, loose-leaf binder. Timely releases were issued as "LateReports" and "New Research," which were replaced periodicallywith more recent information. Fraederick left in 1959, and thehandbook was edited by Howard Miller and Earl Richardsonuntil it was discontinued in the late 1960's.

U.P. poWto ,hot( uirh Joe Heinnan and FredBernhardr; rh"harh ,·,,[rure t(irh Lane RUlhmore andHS Porrer; and ,oU remng !lIrh f3"hn ,\I".\g,,,,e all,~h(}u.'In l'L'ii(\' in programming.

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Marketing Education:

A New ProgramEmerges

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Sagging farm commodity prices and a downturn in theagricultural economy during the 1950's brought renewedinterest in agricultural marketing. Technology was

continually being developed which resulted in increased farmproductivity. Agricultural output was frequently outstrippingdemand. Farm prices often dropped below production costs.The farm front had a great deal of economic unrest. Fruit andvegetable growers were often victims of volatile market swings.Cash crops had wide ups and downs. Veteran dairymen canremember the turmoil in milk marketing and the "fair share"attempts to unionize Michigan producers.

Legislative leaders recognized the wide interest in marketing,and Michigan became a national leader in mounting marketingprograms. In 1954-55, funding for marketing was substantiallyincreased. Federal funds from the Agricultural MarketingAdministration (AMA) and marketing allocations of theMichigan legislature totaled nearly a quarter million dollars.The new funds were designated for both research andeducation. At the height of the effort, the Extension Servicereceived over $150,000 in federal AMA funds and $285,000 instate appropriations. Another $150,000 was designated forresearch. By 1959, more than 30 staff were employed in CESmarketing programs.

An Ambitious Venture-A bold new emphasis was given tomarketing education. R.C. "Bob" Kramer of agriculturaleconomics was elected to head the new Extension projectJuly 1, 1954. Kramer came from Purdue to earn a Ph.D. atMSC. He was to direct overall coordination of the marketingprogram and also organize an Agricultural Marketing andUtilization Center. Concurrently, Miriam J. Kelley came fromLouisville, Kentucky, to head a new consumer marketinginformation program. Five years later both Kramer and Kelleywould head programs as assistant Extension directors.

In the course of a year, programs were in place and staff hiredfor consumer marketing information, retailer education andcommodity marketing. Some 20 specialists and district agentswere employed for the new program. Dale Butz headed theproject in retailer education.

The tri-focal marketing effort included three target groups:producers, market firms and consumers. New specialists wereemployed in agricultural economics, food science, agriculturalengineering and foods/nutrition. Across the state, districtmarketing agents were placed in areas of concentratedproduction. Those agents developed specialists in the marketingof cherries, potatoes, vegetables, grain, poultry and livestock. Inthe 1955 annual report, Director Miller noted that amongsignificant changes for the year was "the introduction of thelargest coordinated marketing education program in the nation."

Well-Recognized Staff-Among the early district agents were:Orville Walker, Carl Hoyt, Quentin Ostrander, GeorgeStachwick, George McManus, Jack Bittner, Hans Haugard,Clyde Cunningham, Don Hine and John Trocke. Specialistswho staffed the marketing program in the fifties includedDonald Stark, George Dike, George Motts, Ken Adams, HenryLarzelere, John Ferris, Tom Creager, Merrill Evans, RichardWheeler, John Moore, Smith Greig, Glynn McBride, Dale Butz,

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Marie Ferree, Alvin Rippen, Earl Brown, Malcolm Wood andNorman Higgins. Rippen, McBride, Larzelere, Ferris and Dikecontinued on the staff for more than 25 years as establishedleaders in agricultural marketing in Michigan. Agents Antle,Ostrander, Hoyt and Trocke also had long careers.

Staff worked with growers, marketing organizations,wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Where commodity groupswere ineffective, agents helped to organize cooperatives ormarketing associations. Retailing specialists held workshops forstore managers, produce department staff and store employees.Economists developed strategies for market promotions andprovided regular market analyses through newsletters, reportsand publications.

Consumer MarketingInformationMiriam Kelley assembled a new staff for Consumer

Marketing Information (CMI). She had pioneered a cityprogram for the Kentucky Extension Service in Louisville. CMIagents were recruited across the country. The "chartermembers" of the new staff included:

CITY CMI AGENT

Marjorie GibbsJosephine LawyerMarie FerreeLouemma BreckenridgeVirginia HeltNancy GarberMiriam Kottke

Detroit

LansingKalamazooGrand RapidsSaginawFlintTraverse City Ruth HunsbergerMarquette Ingrid Bartelli

The agents came from half a dozen states. Their job was toprovide information on agricultural products to wholesalers,retailers and consumers. They wrote news columns, publishedhundreds of newsletters, made dozens of radio broadcasts andmade extensive use of the new educational media of television.Their objective was to have better-informed consumers whocould get the most for their food dollar.

A total of 20 agents served during the early years of theprogram through 1959. (See list under Agriculture-MarketingPersonnel.) Eleven joined the staff and left prior to the end ofthe decade. A new program began in Pontiac in 1956, and aMuskegon position was closed in 1958. Programs in Detroit,Lansing, Saginaw, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, Flint andMarquette continued for more than 20 years. Thirty CMIagents served in the program until 1980; Maryann Meldrum(Beckman) in Kalamazoo and Ingrid Bartelli in Marquette bothworked in the program for more than 20 years. After a quartercentury, only Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo had retainedconsumer marketing education.

When Ms. Kelley became assistant director of HomeEconomics-Family Living, George Stach wick returned toMichigan to assume leadership of the marketing program. He

Curl H()\( ({t'ft l, distrid mdrkt'WIJ.; ligen!

for rhl' (~()()l)t'rdrItL' E\rl'1l.~i()n \t'nkl' (H

:t'd<l"d, <I"d }'kk Dt'W '1ft , <I :"d<l"d <lrt'<Irtnkl'\ InOL-l'S.\Or, l-hl,(k rhl' morL' chun ~ 5(,,,,d"d., ('rod",t'd h\ f),'\'i'lft '< 1m".

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lust a few of the more than 25 turkeyproduct5 turned out by one Zeeland turkey

processing plant.

-- ----------

had been a district agent in West Michigan from 1957-59. Heremained to head the total marketing program when BobKramer resigned in 1965. Specialists Susan Lake, Marie Ferreeand Mary Strickland (Holmes) developed programming materialsat the state level, and Forest Strand directed a special consumereducation thrust in Detroit from 1956-58. He later was a districtmarketing agent prior to taking a position in private industry.

MSU In The Limelight-Michigan's marketing focusreceived national attention. At one point, the program had astaff of 37. In 1960, Director Ralston named "Bob" Kramer asassistant director for marketing programs. Marketing was now amajor program of the Extension Service. Kramer also served asthe first and only director of an Agricultural Marketing andUtilization Center in the College of Agriculture. He left MSUto assume a post at California Polytechnic Institute. SpecialistsGerald Quackenbush, Dale Butz and Smith Grieg moved topositions of marketing leadership in national commodity groups.

Extension marketing programs became well recognized. Forproducers, increased emphasis was given to market outlook,interpretation of market information, grades and standards andmarket regulations. Assistance was given on pricing, marketdevelopment, sales organization and market efficiency. For firms,dozens of activities were organized from management workshopsto processing plant design. Consumer agents as early as 1958were providing food buying tips to low-income families.

Marketing education for farmers, agricultural firms andconsumers left marks of high achievement during the centennialyears at MSU. Much was the result of the leadership and visionof Kramer and Kelley, who assembled an outstanding staff.Director Varner, a prime mover for the marketing effort, gavestrong support to the new venture and once said: "We want ourstaff to be a 'go between' for farmers and consumers. Extensionworkers can help the farm market more profitably and theconsumer buy more economically."

The special line item, funding for marketing at both state andfederal levels, failed to keep pace with inflation. Appropriationswhich once supported 30-plus positions began to cover only 20and fewer. The result was steady attrition. By 1970 there werefive district agents and six consumer information staff. Still laterin 1975, marketing would be combined with agriculture tobecome "Agriculture-Marketing Programs" under programdirector John Speicher. Marketing would lose the high visibilityof the 1950's.

SummaryBob Kramer and Miriam Kelley added another dimension

to CES programs when new marketing funds gaveimpetus to programs for producers, market firms and consumers.Agricultural marketing was installed as one of five majorprogram thrusts for Extension. Staff delivered the message thatgroups could do something to improve the market system foragricultural products. The efforts spawned dozens of newendeavors by farm organizations, commodity groups, marketingassociations and consumer agencies. Michigan programsattracted nationwide attention.

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In the 1950 annual report of the State Board of Agriculture,Extension Director "Clint" Ballard noted the developmentof long-time program plans and accomplishments of the

Extension Service. The majority of the project summaries dealtwith agriculture and improvement of farm income. MichiganState's Conservation Institute had been operating for 13 years.Extension projects in the natural resources included forestry,game management, land use, soil conservation and tourism-resort services.

L.R. Schoenmann continued to head the ConservationInstitute. He had held this appointment for 13 years. Since1937, some 25 staff members had been appointed. Programsfocused on four Extension projects: land-use planning, soil andwater conservation, farm-game management and tourism-resortservices. Public and student interest in conservation and thenatural resources was rapidly increasing. Concurrently there wasexpanded interest in public policy, planning and zoning and anarea that was to be known as community resource development.

At mid-century, there were pressures to expand the scope ofthe existing Conservation Institute. Paul Herbert, who was tohead a new division, drew up a proposal in 1950 which wouldalso incorporate forestry to existing departments. Earlysuggestions were to call the new organization a "Division ofNatural Resources." Another proposal was "Division of Forestryand Conservation." Both were abandoned in favor of a"Division of Conservation."

The State Board approved the new division May 18, 1950, tobe effective July 1. It was to include four departments: Landand Water Conservation, Forestry, Wood Utilization andFisheries and Wildlife. Herbert was appointed division director.T.D. Stevens replaced Herbert. Schoenmann, who had headedthe former institute, was named department head for Land andWater Conservation. He died in 1952 to be replaced by FrankSuggitt. Wood Utilization was headed by Alexis Panshin, andPeter Tack chaired Fisheries and Wildlife.

By 1953, a total of 463 students were enrolled in 30 coursesoffered by the department. Historian "Russ" Hill, reviewing a1952 annual report of the department, noted, "approximatelythree-fourths of a page was devoted to the teaching program,two and a half pages to research, but ten pages reportedExtension and public service activities."? Extension programswere conducted in land use, tourism, park management andmunicipal forestry.

Land and Water Conservation appeared to adopt subjectareas that were in the domain of forestry, wood utilization orfisheries and wildlife. This diversity was to contribute to theelimination of the division and creation of new departments. Inthe 1955 study of the division, a committee commented: " ...theemphasis on service by the total university is a factor which hasled to inclusions of the division of some questionablerelationship to its basic function as well as to predominateemphasis on Extension activities.l"?

After the study, President Hannah asked Dean George A.Garrett of the Yale University School of Forestry to form acommittee to evaluate the five years of the ConservationDivision. The committee filed its report in early 1956.

Resource Development:

A BurgeoningEmphasis

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Irrigation on parade in 1950 farmmanagement tour.

Recommendations included strengthening the divisionalarrangements and forming four departments: Forestry, ForestProducts, Fisheries and Wildlife, Land and Water. Fisheries andWildlife had been created in 1950, and Forest Products becamea department in 1953. In June, Agriculture Dean "Tom"Cowden filed exception to the recommendations, and theConservation Division was discontinued. A new Department ofResource Development was created July 1, 1956, and FrankSuggitt was the first chairman. He served until 1959 when hewas replaced by Raleigh Barlowe. Some functions of Land andWater Conservation were transferred to Fisheries and Wildlife,Forestry and still others to the College of Business.

A Program Area Begins

The maxim that "people have problems and colleges havedepartments" was most evident as new subject areas

struggled for a place in the educational spectrum. The concernsin natural resources, land use, community planning, and publicpolicy had much in common: they were related to, but notstrictly a part of, commerical agriculture. Academically,departments were all units of a School and later, a College ofAgriculture. There was limited research and a hase of expertisein some areas. Yet, by the mid-fifties, nearly half of the studentenrollment in the "ag college" was in the natural resources andconservation departments. More and more demands for off-campus programs were being placed on county agents and thesmall number of specialists. Giving leadership to programs werethese specialists "on board" in 1950:

Soil Conservation Russell Hill, Paul Barrett,Leonard Braamse

Frank SuggittLouis W olfangerCharles ShickRobert McIntosh, Clare Gunn,Gladys Knight

In forestry, Lester Bell, John Fields, Roy Skog and WilliamLove held special appointments. Bell was Extension forester for32 years, and Skog spent his entire career in the U.P. from1940-1976. Specialists worked closely with district farm forestersemployed by the Michigan Department of Conservation. Whenthe Division of Conservation was organized in 1950, HaroldSchick was a specialist in municipal forestry. William G. Stumpand Norman Higgins were appointed in forest products.

Other staff in the natural resources included WinfieldHarrison, William Jewell and Frank Trull who worked with Hillin land and water conservation. Robert George was employed infisheries and wildlife for a new project in conservationeducation. With the elimination of the Conservation Division in1956, specialists were transferred or remained in departments ofthe new College of Agriculture. Reflecting this expanded scope,in 1966 the title hecame the College of Agriculture and NaturalResources.

Land UseSoilsFarm Game ManagementTourist-Resort

In the 1956 annual report, CES Director Paul Miller noted:

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"It is becoming increasingly clear that the importance of strictlyagricultural resources in some areas of the state is greatlyoutweighed by the importance of natural and other non-agricultural resources. The best opportunity for improvingeconomic welfare of the local people lies in the simultaneousdevelopment of all resources which include agriculture."!'

Programs Expand

Miller's prophetic judgement was soon realized in a newpublic policy program area in agricultural economics.

Specialists Arthur Mauch, Phillips Foster and Garland Woodprovided leadership in such programs as "Decisions of Peopleand Public Officials," "Straight from the Shoulder," "The Priceof Progress," "Human Problems in a Changing Community."Such topics frequently elicited help from sociology specialistsSheldon Lowry, Edward Moe and Christopher Sower.

Public affairs were construed to be "everyone's business," soprograms did not fit neatly in agriculture, home economics oryouth work. Over time, public policy became aligned withcommunity development with a rationale that human resourceswere also an important community resource base. A "grey area"persists in the domain of resource development and the publicaffairs interests of agricultural economics. For many years, ruralsociology-aligned with "ag econ" on many campuses-was apart of the sociology department at Michigan State. TheExtension sociology project at MSU was discontinued in thesixties.

In 1959 Willlam J. Kimball, a specialist in resourcedevelopment, was named head of a project in land-use planning.He had come from Wisconsin as a 4-H agent. Resourcedevelopment mounted programs such as "Informing PeopleAbout Resources," "Agency Cooperation in ResourceDevelopment" and "Leadership Planning for CommunityDevelopment." A new project in rural development began inthe Upper Peninsula. Cooperating were district Extensiondirector Dan Sturt and assistant district director Irving R.Wyeth and county agents William Muller, Joseph Heirman andJohn Campana.

The community and rural development efforts were also alliedwith a host of new state and federal action programs designedto improve rural areas. A common thread of wide interestpervaded areas of resource development, conservation, publicpolicy, sociology, land-use planning, the natural resources andcommunity development. July 1, 1959, Kimball was appointedby Director Ralston to lead CES resource developmentprograms, continuing also as developmental specialist.

While related subjects had not united into a structuredprogram division, a variety of projects were a part of the CESeducational menu of the 1950's. Some examples and the staffwho provided leadership follow for a group of projects that wereto be conducted under three different program titles from1959-74.

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Soil ConservationBy the early fifties many of the state's Soil Conservation

Districts were in place. "Russ" Hill was also executivesecretary for the Michigan Association of Soil ConservationDistricts. Carrying out educational work were specialists L.J.Braamse, W.S. Harrison and Frank W. Tull. In an annualreport, these staffers noted: "The soil conservationists aim atdeveloping an awareness of soil and water conservationproblems, promoting an understanding of practices and aidsavailable, and assisting organizations through which soil andwater conservation can be achieved. Assistance was given to theorganization and functioning of soil conservation districts withemphasis on the development of programs of work and soilconservation education. Cooperation was obtained from federaland state agencies concerned with soil and water conservation,and guidance is given to various groups interested in promotingbetter utilization of land and water resources. Assistance wasalso given to conservation projects of youth organizations inland-judging contests, air tours and in encouraging and aidingwomen's organizations to develop an active interest inconservation. "

Technical aspects of installing conservation practices on theland was a major function of the Soil Conservation Service,which provided staff for districts. Continued efforts were madeto organize districts in every Michigan county. This goal wasnot to be reached until nearly 20 years later.

Forest ProductsAs part of the Division of Conservation, the Department

of Forest Products was organized in 1953. William G.Stump served as Extension specialist from 1953-55. He wassucceeded by Norman C. Higgins. Projects focused on woodutilization. While Michigan is classified as an industrial state,more than 50 percent of the land area is covered with forests.This is also unusual for a high-population state. Wood productswere and continue to be an important state industry.

Forest products specialists found many receptive audiences.Foresters, woodworkers, saw mills, pallet mills, pulp and papermills, plywood and other wood processing plants were in needof specialized information to make operations more profitable.Demonstrations, training sessions, schools and individualassistance were provided throughout the state by specialists,often in concert with the forestry department or districtforesters in the state Department of Conservation.

Park Management andMunicipal ForestryDuring the mid-century period another growing emphasis

in the Department of Land and Water was educativework with cities, villages and township governments in thedevelopment of parks and related forestry problems. As in many

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other areas, the needs manifested before available resources wereprovided. In the early 1950's, Karl Dressel and Arthur Wilcoxprovided limited services in this area. Neither was connecteddirectly with Extension. These faculty members also respondedto off-campus calls and attempted to work directly with thelocal Extension agents who may have lacked adequate training.

In 1953, William B. Love was appointed a specialist in theDepartment of Municipal Forestry and Parks. Three years later,Harold Shick was appointed, and the department title waschanged to Park Management. Shick left MSU in 1959.

Wildlife Management

When the Conservation Institute was first organized in1937, one of its goals was to provide education in farm

game management for land owners. Pheasant populations werehigh. The hunting pressure called for improved relationsbetween hunters and farmers. The science of game and habitatmanagement was struggling to be recognized. Hunting requiredsome constraints.

"Russ" Hill was the first farm game specialist. He was assignedto the Department of Zoology in 1937. In 1945 he wastransferred to be soil conservationist in the ConservationInstitute. Arnold O. Haugen succeeded Hill the same year. Twoyears later, Charles T. Black succeeded Haugen.

In 1949, Charles Shick was assigned to Michigan State fromthe State Conservation Department as a wildlife specialist. In1950 the position continued to be funded by the state. Now,however, the wildlife staff were to become members of thenewly organized Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, whichwas established in 1950.

Wildlife management as a science became recognized as animportant body of knowledge as industrialization continued.With increased development of industry, new homesites,highways and other land uses, habitats for wildlife dramaticallydeclined. Some species of wildlife have adapted and thrived.Examples are deer, raccoon and blackbirds. The steady increasein population has caused conflicts with people, both inresidences and on the highways. The management and controlof nuisance wildlife and overpopulation became a topic inwildlife education programs. Over the years, wildlife and gamemanagement education was largely a "one man" effort. Shickfilled this singular role for 17 years before returning to the nowMichigan Department of Natural Resouces.

4...H ConservationEducationIn 1956, Robert W. George was hired as a new specialist in

conservation education assigned to the fisheries andwildlife department to serve the 4-H Youth program. He wouldspend the next 25 years in this assignment, holding hundreds of

Men against machine - Tug of war withsteam engine drew huge crowds atCentennial mechanization show.

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Michigan Families:Mid-Century Focus

70

sessions and meeting thousands of youngsters. He developedmaterials that attracted 20,000 or more 4-H club members eachyear. The "basic environmental series" has accounted for thelargest enrollment.

Starting in 1951, the basic four-soil, water, forestry andwildlife-were to evolve into soil, water, air, plants and animals.The 4-H Conservation Camp, which was organized in 1936,held camp each year until the mid-sixties. George was a keyfigure in each year's camp. Under his tutelage, thousands ofboys and girls were motivated to learn about ecology yearsbefore the general public became aware or concerned about thisphenomenon of nature. In the process, George recruited andtrained hundreds of conservation leaders. His leadership inconservation education was to extend into four decades andmake a major contribution in ecology awareness and concernfor the environment.

As the 1950's began, there was an increasing educationemphasis for the family-both rural and urban. Thefifties would be a decade of change. The program would

greatly expand. After 40 years, "Home Demonstration Work"would become "Extension Home Economics." When the decadewas out, the program would be known as "Family LivingEducation." Titles of "Home Demonstration Agents" became"Extension Agents in Home Economics" in 1959. Theirnumbers increased by 50 percent over the ten-year span.

When Rachel Markwell resigned her post as state programleader as the 1940's ended, Margaret Harris was named to anacting position. She had been a candidate for state leader in1944. Harris served ten years in the Upper Peninsula and wasan assistant state leader for nearly 20 years. The choice,however, was for leona Macleod. She was appointed to headthe home demonstration program September I, 1950. Ms.Macleod had been on campus since 1934, first as clothingspecialist and later on the teaching faculty of home economics.She was to head the home economics Extension effort fornearly 10 years.

Both Harris and Macleod retired in 1959. Ms. Harris hadreturned as a consultant to the MSU Ryukyus program inOkinawa. A tireless worker, she had been on the staff for 33years. The new state leader and assistant director for HomeEconomics-Family Living, Miriam J. Kelley, assumed her postFebruary I, 1959. Ms. Kelley had come to Michigan to headthe Consumer Marketing Information program five years earlier.Assistant state program leaders of the decade included RuthPeck, Cecilia Frangquist , Mary L. Jones, Edna Somerfeld,Velma Huston, Dorothy Erler Blank, Marjorie Eastman,Florence Rann, Margaret Browne, Ruth Gould and MarionHermance. During the administrative reorganization of the earlyfifties, some of the assistant leaders were assigned to newlycreated district supervisory teams. Under Director Miller,supervisors again became assistant state program leaders with allsupervision responsibilities given to a district director.

In 1950, there were full-time home demonstration agents in 39

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PERSONALITYOF A'GOOD

LEADER

Mid..CenturyProgramming

St)t.'lldll\( Llkllt' l(l'klllinl dC ,ll,\k iUln,ilCli1t.'t.:/\(rdIWIl dl jq -,: 1 I,J111C1Hd!,L'n ,

counties and a total of 52 on the staff. Some county programswere served by district staff or in some cases directed hyagricultural agents or county directors with the help ofvolunteer leaders and state specialists. Urban agents wereemployed in Flint, Grand Rapids and Wayne counties. By I L)SL),

the "Family Living Program" (as it was later known) had a staffof 76 home economists in counties and 19 specialists andprogram leaders serving the state. Positions were added asincreased state and federal funds became available, and suchdollars came freely for much of the decade.

As with the other campus divisions, changes also OCl'U rrcd inthe College of Home Economics. Dean Marie Dye stepped downin 1956 after 34 years on the campus. For 26 of those she hadserved as dean. For a time, she had a dual role also as head offoods and nutrition. Thelma Porter of the University ofChicago became the new dean September I, Il)S6. A graduateof Michigan State, her return was a second appointment. Shehad previously been on the staff from 1939-44 and wasnationally known in the field of nutrition.

Many home demonstration activities continued to heconducted through local Extension groups. After a

sharp wartime decline, nearly 40,O(lO members of groupsparticipated in 1950. The Michigan Horne DemonstrationCouncil served as the state advisory group and met each year at

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Food specialms Anita Dean andRoberta Hcnhe\ tcaching late.lt

c(Inning mcchoJ$.

the annual Homemakers' Conference on the campus. In 1951,over 2,000 delegates from across the nation came to EastLansing when Michigan hosted the national council meeting. Afeature program of the event was Detroit's popular Edgar A.Guest presenting his "Hcap-o-Livin" performance.

The Michigan Association of Extension Homemakers (MAEH)celebrated a 25th anniversary at the 19S2 conference. Firstorganized in 1927, the state group grew from a few clubs tonearly 2,000 at the time of the anniversary observance. Speakersat the celebration included Margaret Hickey of Ladies HomeJournal and John Strohm of Country Gentlemen. Strohm isrememhered as a farm journalist who won instant fame as oneof the first Americans to travel in postwar Russia.

Across the state, educational programs in foods and nutrition,clothing and textiles, home furnishings, home management,parent education and child development were the most popularchoices. Long-time specialists like Jessie Marion, Lola BelleGreen, Roberta Hershey, Lucile Ketchum and Lennah Backusprovided statewide leadership. Marion and assistant state leaderMargaret Harris attended the mid-century conference ofAssociated Country Women of the World in Copenhagen inthe early fifties.

In 19S2, Florence Hall, long-time field agent in the FederalExtension Service, retired. The "Florence Hall Award,"presented each year for outstanding home economicsprogramming, is named in her honor. A Michigan Stategraduate, she was honored at the SOth anniversary of homeeconomics at MSC in 1947.

After the war years, the annual Homemaker's Conference oncampus resumed each summer. In 1950, more than 1,100attended the 2 lrd annual event in newly built Shaw Hall. Anews release claimed an honor for the event as "the largestformally registered conference ever held on the Spartancampus. " Ten years later more than 1,000 women continued to

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attend the weekly conference on campus in June or July.Assistant State Leader Ruth Peck masterminded the event formany years, which later became "College Week."

Each spring, home economics staff and local Extension groupscollaborated to celebrate "National Home DemonstrationWeek." Counties staged special events, prepared newspaperfeatures, radio programs and exhibits. In 1952, WJR's MarshallWells devoted a half-hour program to the observance. Guestson his Detroit station program included Mrs. Lloyd Spencer ofPullman, the state association president, along with state leaderLeona MacLeod. Extension homemakers were also frequentquests on Mary Collopy's weekly "Behind the Doorbell"broadcasts on WKAR. Collopy was home economics editorfrom 1951-54.

Among home demonstration agents of the fifties who servedlong careers were: Mary Bullis, Allegan; Ina Redman, Berrien;Luella Hamilton, Branch and Mason; Therese Tordt, Calhoun;Ingrid Tervonnen, Delta; Lilas Frost and Clara Hay, Genesee;Dorothy Scott, Iosco; Margaret Linsell, Kalamazoo; EleanorDensmore and Alfreda McGuire, Kent; Dorothy Pohl, Lapeer;Grace Mitchell, Midland; Jean McKinley Leach, Mecosta,Osceola; Grace VanderKolk, Ottawa; Mary Ellen Delsipee,Saginaw and Emma DuBord in Wayne.

International DimensionCapturing the spirit of the total university, staff in home

economics also became interested in a world view.Women around the state were early to support the UnitedNations and made hundreds of UN flags for display. Kent homeeconomist Eleanor Densmore joined the Michigan State teamfor two years on the Rvukvus project. State leader Ruth Peckand Margaret Harris also worked in Okinawa. Home economistsfrom the University of Rvukvus, inspired by teaching of MSCstaff, spent a month on the MSU campus in 1952.

The Michigan Home Demonstration Council sponsoredexchange students and visitors to Michigan. In 1951 theysponsored Ingeborg Timmler from Germany, who returned towork as a home economist in Schleswig-Holstein. During aneight-month stay, she stayed in 45 homes and visited 40Michigan counties. Local clubs frequently sponsored foreignvisitors and raised funds for support of international projects.

SummaryServing with State Leader Kelley as the fifties ended were

program leaders Florence Rann, Marjorie Eastman andRuth Peck. Ruth Gould and Marion Hermance gave leadershipto family living programs in the U.P. After four years, onlyRuth Peck was to remain in program leadership. After a brieftransition program title of "Home Economics, Family Living," ahalf century of home demonstration work would henceforth beknown as, "Family Living Education" (FLE). The field staffwould now have the title of (EHE) Extension Home Economist.The old "Home Demonstration Agent" and "Home EconomicsAgent" labels would now be relegated to history.

Specialist Jessie Marion andlaVerne TreIJarrow, homedemonstration agent.

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4- H YouthAn Era Ends

Top -- Fnend of 4 -H Karl McDanel accepting

c-heck for 4 -H Foundation; center - "Kert"

Kettunen unt·eillng a plaque for a neu camp to be

namd jor him; be/ou - Ra\' Turner, state 4- HleaJer from IOIH-19N, ulth "Kert" at dedication

of Turner Hall, named for him at :',ational 4 -HCenter in Washingron, D.C

When Arne G. Kettunen retired as state 4-H clubleader June 30, 1956, after 31 years, he had served fora longer time than the age of his successor. Russell

G. "Russ" Mawby took over the reins of the youth program atage 28.

"Kctt," as the indomitable state leader was affectionatelyknown, had seen nearly 1,500,000 boys and girls participate inclub work since 1925. A native of Ishpeming, he began his longcareer in youth work in Houghton County in 1917. His namebecame synonymous with 4-H work across the nation. In 1950he received USDA's Superior Service Award. Before his deathin 1959, he saw the beginnings of Camp Kett, a $350,000leadership training facility in Osceola County which bears hisname. "Kerr" died at age 64. A monument to a tireless leader,the modern Kettunen Center was dedicated in 1961. TheMichigan 4-H Foundation raised the construction funds.Foundation leaders pronounced the center "a living symbol ofconfidence in 4-H work and its contribution to a bettercommunity."

The Best Gets BetterAs "Kett's" career was ending, new developments

continued. He and Director Robert Baldwin had workedtogether for more than 30 years. But in Kertuneri's last eightyears at the state 4-H helm, he worked with three moredirectors in rapid succession-Ballard, Varner and Miller. In1950 the first state 4-H council was organized at Farmers' Week.Dale Shetterly of Lake Odessa was elected its first president.The first state "Leaderrnete" was held in 1957, the first weekendin March. It has continued at MSU ever since. "Kert's" closefriend and Michigan colleague, Ray Turner, retired from theFederal Extension Service in 1951. Turner Hall at the National4-H Center in Washington is named for him.

New Sources of Support-A fledgling Michigan 4-HFoundation came into being in 1953. Ketrunen had been activein the national counterpart for many years. When HowardWorthington died suddenly, a former 4-H agent took over asthe Foundation's executive director. Ben Westrate, who hadspent 13 years as an agent and 4-H supervisor in the U.P., took

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over the post in 1957 and served more than ten years. InChicago, the National Committee on Boys' and Girls' Workwas a major promoter of 4-H. Michigan State President JohnHannah served on its board for many years. In the nation'scapital, the annual national 4-H camp was held each year. Fourof the state's top club members represented Michigan. Thecamp later became a yearly conference at the National 4-HCenter in Washington, D.C.

Back home, state 4-H events continued to attract bothstatewide and national attention. Each year thousands ofMichigan young people came to the Michigan State campus for4-H Club Week or the unique 4-H State Show. Hundreds of4-H members enrolled at "State" as a result of these visits. Itwas, and is, a prime recruitment method for promising youngpeople. In the 1950's, the popular Detroit Junior LivestockShow attracted 4-H livestock members every December. Thestate conservation camp at Chatham's Camp Shaw in theUpper Peninsula continued for many years.

Year-Around Programming-Statewide membership in clubwork varied from 55,000-6S,000 throughout the decade. Stateleaders attributed occasional declines to rapid turnover of 4-Hagents and the number of volunteer leaders. By 19S9, when thestaff was more stabilized, total membership went over 70,000 forthe first time. State leaders noted that Michigan's Youthprogram continued year round unlike the summer activity alonein many states.

Use of junior leaders became well established in the fifties. In1958 more than 3,800 assisted in local clubs. New projectsincluded careers, tourism, dog husbandry and entomology. Toprovide additional awards for achievement, a yearly educationaltrip to New York City was conducted. Each year 30-40 winnersof state events were selected for the trip in addition to the

A. G. Kerrunen accepring check forMichigan'; -H Foundarion fromMilan Grinnell, editor of"Michigan Farmer" (1953).

Former poulrry specialisr, MSCPresident John Hannah, <'isired4 - H'ers at 1951 srare club show.

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Lznda Younts, 5t. Joseph Count".Itate 4· H demonstratIOn umncr.

Pa.lt IFYE delegates Russ Mau,byand Dean Allen, later on the sWte

4· H swff, beamed appTOtill £1.1

Director Kemmen u rore travelcheck for Kath"n Stencil, 1951

IFYE delegate.

delegates to National 4-H Club Congress in Chicago and theclub conference in Washington, D.C.

Country Music- More than 40,000 rural boys and girlsparticipated in a statewide music program which began in 1929.Specialists Mabel Miles, Marie Adler and Wanda Cook directedthe activity for many years. It was described as "a goldenopportunity to bring cultural riches to country school children.The music specialists battled tirelessly with a musical silencepervading most one-room schools." Country schools were stillvery prominent in the 1950's. The program continued withschool consolidation with county choral groups, 4-H bands andmusic festivals. A statewide chorus was often featured at State4-H Club Week, and the music activity continued until the latesixties. Campus radio station WKAR aired a weekly program foryoung audiences popular before televisions began to capture thestate's youth.

World Understanding-International travel captured thefascination of young people. The International Farm YouthExchange provided the vehicle. Americans would live 3-6months with a foreign family. In turn, hundreds of visitors fromabroad spent similar periods with Michigan farm families. Thefirst "IFYE" delegate was "Russ" Mawbv, an MSU student, whowent to Scotland in 1948. Eight years later he became the state4-H program leader. Dean Allen, also a member of the state4-H staff, was a 1950 delegate to Germany. State LeaderKettunen was also active in international activities-one of theroles President Hannah saw as a visionary opportunity for theUniversity. "Kerr" spent four months in Europe in 1952. Thesame year, four 4-H members went abroad to Sweden, TheNetherlands, Ireland and Switzerland.

The Scene Changes"K ett" had been at the state 4-H helm for more than 30

years. He had been associated with 4-H for ten more.His identity with 4-H was legend. But he insisted on firmcontrol of the youth program. He strongly resisted efforts to

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have 4-H specialists transferred to departments. He opposed theplacing of agents under district supervisors. He strongly believed I

that youth work should be a career and not a training groundfor other Extension positions.

Ironically, over the years hundreds of 4-H agents becameagricultural agents and county directors. The 4-H agent with 10,15 or 20 years' service was rare.

"Russ" Mawby took over state leadership from the legendaryKettunen in mid-1956. Reared on a Kent County fruit farm,Mawby had an impressive record as a 4-H member andoutstanding student at Michigan State. He graduated in 1949and earned a Master's degree from Purdue. At the time of hisappointment he was completing a Ph.D. in agriculturaleconomics.

With the change in leadership came a host of staff shifts inthe youth program. Names like Nevels Pearson, Per Lundin,Vern Freeman, Ken Ousterhout were well known throughoutthe state. All retired in the late fifties. Replacing them weredepartmental specialists assigned to the youth program. Theseincluded Ralph Morrow, Frank Gendron, Alfred Dowdy andHelena Penalis. Program leaders who were appointed to servelong careers were staff like Marie Wolfe, Mary Woodward,Corrine Ketchum, Arden Peterson, Mollie Vasold and BenWestrate. Over the years nearly a dozen more Mawbyappointments went on to other assignments or other states. Itwas a time of transition.

SummaryThe 1950's were a time of rapid staff turnover. [ob

offerings came easy. Capahle people on the 4-H staffcould almost always move to new opportunities. Added stateand federal funds provided for new positions in the youthprogram. In 1950, there were club agents in 38 counties.Fourteen other agents served on a district basis. By the end ofthe decade there were 62 youth agents. More than 30 county4-H club agents on staff in 1950 moved to other positions inthe Michigan Extension Service. Only four remained in youthwork throughout their careers. One of these was "Andy" Olsonof Traverse City, who was the first agent to earn a degree inAgricultural Extension from MSC.

The transitory nature of 4-H agent positions posed constantadministrative problems. Tenure was often one or two years.Staff turnover often was 30 to 40 percent per year. One annualreport noted, "Despite the perennial problem of staff changes,4-H club work continued a varied and busy program." Serviceas a 4-H club agent was frequently perceived as training forother positions, primarily as county agricultural agents. In 1950,all 4-H agents were men. Among the first women agents to heemployed were Kathryn Stencel and Eleanor Wojciechowski inKent and Harriet Ann Kline in Wayne.

Over the years, staff were assigned to coordinate youth workin the Upper Peninsula. In the early fifties, assistant stateleaders in Marquette were Ben West rate and Dorothy ErlerBlank. Later, Emil Fimbinger, who has been an urban agent inWayne County, coordinated the U.P. program as a district agent.

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Staff Development:

The 1950's

Communications :Explosive Expansion

The decade of the fifties brought unprecedented change.No fewer than four directors were at the Extension helmfrom 1950-59. At the same time, dozens of new

appointments were made as nearly 100 positions were added tothe CES staff. Not enough applicants were available as positionsbecame open. Staff returning from military service neededretraining. Prospective staff often included young people from avariety of disciplines outside agriculture and home economics.

Staff came from many states. A strong economy buoyed byMichigan's auto industry swelled legislative appropriations eachyear. Michigan could be competitive with anyone in matchingsalaries. The Extension Service often did. Staff came fromIndiana, Ohio, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania. Specialists wereappointed from more than 20 states. The staff breed was a newmix. Sometimes Michigan natives seemed in the minority in theExtension family.

Late in 1949, John Stone, a former Livingston agent, returnedfrom Harvard after completing class requirements for a Ph.D.He was named to a new post as assistant professor of agricultureExtension and handled all Extension courses in the School ofAgriculture. His duties were also to "conduct field studies andassist with personnel training." At first, there was resistance toa central training effort; but as the staff expanded, programdirectors relinquished their training monopoly. Stone was thetraining officer until October 1957. At that time a new"Institute of Extension Personnel Development" (IEPD) wascreated. Students could enroll jointly in the IEPD and Collegesof Home Economics or Education. A Master of Science degreewas offered along with a minor for the Ph.D. At the time, 87Michigan agents had a graduate degree in progress.

Stone's work in staff development drew national attention. In1959 he left Michigan to become director of the South DakotaExtension Service. With his departure, Director "Pat" Ralstonnamed Associate Director George Axinn to head the institute.Axinn held the dual post for only 18 months when he resignedto go with MSU's Nigerian project.

Over a ten-year span, more than 50 Extension workers earneddegrees from the institute. Michigan State was recognized as aleading center for Extension graduate education. Graduatestudents enrolled from a dozen states and five foreign countries.With the organization of IEPD, staff training became wellaccepted and was structured as part of the total Extensioneffort.

78

The years 1950-1960 were an exploding era in informationdelivery. Television was "the new kid on the block."Radio had been around for nearly 30 years. Station

WKAR radio first went on the air in 1923. In 1954, WKAR-TV, the third educational station in the nation, beganbroadcasting. Around the state, commercial stations startedregular schedules and were eager for public service material.Information staff provided kinescope recordings for release intheir programs in Detroit, Lansing and Grand Rapids. DirectorBaldwin was featured on the premiere telecast by MSC on aDetroit channel in 1948.

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Communication skills and staff trained in journalism andbroadcasting were in great demand. Extension editor EarlRichardson recruited 20 new staff members for informationservices during the fifties. In ten years, almost all had advancedto new positions. At WKAR radio, never part of the ExtensionService, there was also a succession of changes. The newcampus television station was in infancy. In 1953, George Axinncame from Maryland as the first Extension television editor. Hiswas a short term. In 1955 he became assistant to CES DirectorPaul Miller. Three years later he had earned a Ph.D. atWisconsin and was named Extension's first associate director.

Following Axinn were television staffers Margaret McKeeganWhitehair, Robert Worrall and Lois Korslund. Agriculturalwriters and editors included John Fitzgerald, Wayne Swegle,Neil Ball, Cal Orr, Jean Evans, George Alstaad, RalphHamilton, Howard Miller, Hugh Culbertson and RoyalFraederick. Home economics editors of the decade were RuthChristian, Lorabeth Moore, Gail Hill, Rosemary Blackburn,Rosemary Thornton and Jean Gillies. Publications staff includededitors, Earl Brigham, Elwood Shaffer and Don Gregg. AtWKAR radio, farm broadcasters or RFD's were Grant Salisbury,Harold Hass and Art Boroughs. Their "home and family"counterparts were Mary Watt, Mary Collopy and VirginiaWeiser. The radio specialists aired hundreds of hours of farm,home and public service programs to augment the editors of theExtension staff.

Campus radio and television stations were the early-day publicservice or PBS broadcasts. For many years the Extension Serviceprovided much of the broadcast support. Radio was animportant medium, particularly in reaching rural areas. Long-time station director Robert J. Coleman held an ExtensionService appointment with WKAR until his retirement in 19')9.A new FM station for the campus was added in 1954. WKARradio and information services staff collaborated to provideweekly tape services to more than 50 Michigan stations. Earlytelevision services included dozens of kinescopes for release toMichigan stations.

NPAC- The National Project in AgriculturalCommunications-was a major development in 19'; 3. A grantfrom the Kellogg Foundation provided for a nationwide researchand training program in agricultural communications. Hundredsof Extension field and campus staff participated in NPACworkshops across the country. The project was headed hyStanley Andrews and Francis C. Byrnes. Both came to MSUwith extensive experience in communications. Byrnes had beenExtension editor in Ohio and earned his Ph.D. at MichiganState. The project was conceived hy the American Associationof Agricultural College Editors (AAACE), and the Kellogggrant was made to Michigan State. David Berlo, later tobecome chairman of MSU's Department of Communications,directed the training and research programs. Berlo and his staffbecame nationally and internationally known for training ineffective communications. The project grant was extended twoyears and phased out in 1960.

The fifties saw rapid advancements for many information staff.Lowell Treaster was head of the MSU Department of

ExtensIOn ednor Earl Richardsonescorred L'SOA Secreea" Ezra TaiiBen.lon on ,\1 SC CO"r. Benson

.Iened 11lehe E15enhoueT

Admml.lCrarion.

Commurucutor kafjeeklaLlch -Loudl Treaseer, Earl Richardson,Duane :-"dlOn and Boh Worrallrn}o"ng :--Jdson's graph,es.

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A World Campus:

1950's

-- --- -- -----

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --- - -------------~----------------------

80

Information Services. Wayne Swegle became an editor forSuccessful Fanning; Elwood Shaffer for National 4-H News; RoyalFraederick left to be editor of Big Fanner and Jean Gillies wentwith Fann Journal.

John Fitzgerald completed law school and later rose to beChief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court. Jean Evansserved as an assistant director in Missouri, as a vice president atOklahoma State and chancellor of Extension at Wisconsin.George Axinn moved on to head MSU's Nigeria project afterdirecting the new Institute of Extension Personnel Developmentand serving as the associate director for CES. It was a dynamicera for MSU. The University was one of the first to gain anational reputation in communication under Gordon Sabineand Fred Siebert.

Editors Ruth Christian, Owen Glissendorf, Earl Brigham,Lorabeth Moore, Neil Ball, Gail Hill, Cal Orr, RosemaryBlackburn, Rosemary Thornton and George Alstad all tookpositions in other states or with commercial firms. RalphHamilton, Robert Jarnagin and Don Wells later becamedirectors of agricultural information' in other states.

At mid-century, Michigan State and President John A.Hannah had made a firm commitment for internationalassistance. As World War II raged, Hannah had written

then Vice President Henry A. Wallace in 1943 and suggested:"...for a considerable period after the war there will be greatopportunities for well-trained young Americans not only inLatin America but in the new Asia that is likely to emerge."President Hannah envisioned the need for massive assistance tonations healing from the wounds of war. In 1948-49, he was thepresident of the American Association of Land-Grant Collegesand Universities. His election came just after his Committee onExtension Programs, Policies and Goals released its report.While little mention was made of international efforts, thereport recognized the expanding interest of Americans in thebroader problems of the nation and the world.

As president of the land-grant association, Hannah offered theresources of colleges and universities to President Truman inreconstruction and international development. In 1950, Trumannamed Hannah to a national advisory board for the new "Point4" assistance program. That year, MSC was second in thenation in the number of foreign visitors coming to a land-grantcampus. Leaders from 13 countries came to study the U.S.Extension Service. Four Michigan representat.ves attended theAssociated Country Women of the World conference inDenmark. Dairy specialist George Parsons returned from sixmonths in Germany with the Economic CooperationAdministration. He reported the postwar-Reich was ten yearsbehind in agricultural research and had a poor system of gettinginformation to farmers. All these exchanges fueled even greaterinterest in international affairs at Michigan State.

The United Nations had been organized, and first sessionswere held in New York. October 24, 1950, was designated as"United Nations Day." Michigan's Extension homemaker clubs

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Preparing for Okinaua in 1951 - RussellHarwood, U.P. Extenswn supen'isor andhead of MSC Rvuh1<5 project; and EleanorDensmore, Kent Count, HDA and projectleader in home economiCl, receit'ing partinginstruction.1 from al:riculture Dean E.L.Anthom.

and 4-H sewing clubs mobilized to make hundreds of U.N.flags. Their goal was to fly the U.N. flag in every ruralcommunity of the state on "U.N. Day." The Federal ExtensionService reported that across the county 38,000 flags were madethroughout for the event.

Foreign visitors continued to come and go to the campus andto many areas of Michigan. Dozens of Extension staff went onforeign assignments. MSC entered into contracts for assistanceprojects in Okinawa, Colombia and Pakistan. Russell Horwood,who had headed Extension work in the U.P., led an MSUparty to develop the University of Rvukvus on Okinawa. WhileMSU staff were in the Rvukvus, still others worked in Indiaand Pakistan. In 1958, Ingham agent Clayton Ingerson wentwith MSU's Pakistan project, and visual aids specialist DuaneNelson took a post with the International CooperationAdministration in India.

Operation Okinawa-Kent home economist EleanorDensmore worked on the Ryukvus project; and later, homedemonstration leader Ruth Peck and Extension specialist E.J."Ernie" Wheeler were on the staff along with agricultural agentJack Prescott. State Extension agriculture leader B.D. Kuhnjoined the project in 1954 along with faculty from the School ofEducation. Periodically, administrative staff made inspectiontrips to MSC's "adopted university." Newly appointed

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John Comstock, Lenawee Extension

director, and lit'estock grower dIscussmechanized feed conveyor.

Agriculture Dean C.M. Hardin and Dean Milton E. Muelder ofScience and Arts, visited Okinawa late in 1953. Shortly afterHardin's return he resigned to become chancellor of theUniversity of Nebraska. As the end of the Rvukvus projectneared, economist Karl T. Wright was in charge of the mission.

Mission to Colombia-One of the most ambitious ventureswas MSC's educational mission to Colombia starting in 1951.Dean E.L. Anthony and President Hannah had madeexploratory visits to the South American country soon after thewar. Over the next eight years, more than a dozen agriculturalstaff participated in the agricultural colleges in Medellin andPalmira. Paul Herbert, who was head of MSC's ConservationDivision, was selected to help establish a school of forestry.Periodic trips to the South American nation were made byDean Anthony and later by Dean T.K. Cowden. VerneFreeman of the state 4-H staff worked on livestock developmentfor the project. He retired in 1955 after 38 years of service.After retirement, he organized cattle shipments to Colombia toupgrade native herds. Earl Weaver, chair of the dairydepartment, became head of the MSC mission in 1955. "Pat"Ralston followed Weaver as chair of the dairy department, anda few years later would become the fourth state CES director ofthe fifties.

The farm management staff launched a major segment of theColombia project. Agricultural economics chairman L.L. Bogerand economist Harold Riley provided the leadership. There wasa steady tour of MSU staff for the undertaking. Staff membersGarland Wood, Leonard Kyle, Karl Wright and WarrenVincent were among the staff. Others who served on themission were: Glynn McBride, Kirk Lawton, John Stone andRichard Wheeler. One of MSU's most extensive projects, it wasterminated in the early sixties.

Dean for International Programs-In October 1956,Extension sociologist Glen Taggart was named first Dean ofInternational Programs. He was appointed an Extensionspecialist in 1953. He held a strong interest in worlddevelopment and had worked with the Foreign AgriculturalService. His appointment in international programs was amongthe first of its kind at any American university. Taggart leftMSU to become president of Utah State. He was one of fiveMichigan Extension staff members to be elevated to a collegepresidency. Four, "Woody" Varner, Paul Miller, "Bob" Kramerand Taggart, were colleagues of the fifties.

Agents Help Abroad-With new foreign assistance programssurfacing each year, there was a continued demand forexperienced field staff to take overseas assignments. GordonSchlubatis in Branch County and Eaton's Hans Kardel went toIndia. So did George Lansburg of Saginaw. Schlubatis laterwent to Kenya and also became agricultural attache in Turkey.Kardel spent nearly five years in India and received nationaltribute when illness forced him to leave. He died in BethesdaNaval Hospital in June 1956. A year later, Huron agentGleason Rohlfs took an assignment in Korea. Ingham agentDonald Curry had a "Point 4" tour in India and following thisassignment served on an agricultural mission to Cuba. The"Extension idea" was catching on in many areas of the world.

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SummaryPresident Hannah's vision of international involvement

was perceptively accurate. By 1960, dozens of MSU staffhad served overseas. The University was an educational leaderon the international scene. Most of the missions had someagricultural component, and both Extension specialists andagents had frequent opportunities to serve abroad. Many did.There were also frequent requests for help in home economicsand youth programs.

Michigan State had now become a major university, andappointment of a dean for international programs was a first onU.S. campuses. Grants from governmental agencies and privatefoundations brought in millions of dollars for projects in foreignassistance. Projects were developed around the globe. The grantsalso provided for construction of the University's InternationalCenter. By 1960, major projects in Okinawa and Colombiawere phasing out. In the next decade there would he newmissions to Pakistan, Nigeria, Korea, Central and SouthAmerica. CES staff would serve as resource advisers and makesignificant contributions to developing nations. The ExtensionService was now a well-established partner in internationaldevelopment.

Periodically the Extension Service took an introspectivelook at the past and made projections for the future. Thishas occurred regularly about every ten years. In the late

fifties, a subcommittee on scope and responsibility of theExtension Committee on Organization and Policy (ECOP) wascommissioned to make such a study. Michigan CES DirectorPaul Miller chaired the committee.

The committee report was published in 1958 as "A Statementof Scope and Responsibility, the Cooperative Extension ServiceToday." Ever since, the document has been known as "theScope Report." Nine task forces contributed to the study inproduction, marketing, resources, management, the family,youth, leadership, the community and public affairs. DirectorH.L. Ahlgren of Wisconsin was ECOP chairman at the time ofthe study.

After examining the changing national scene which included(1) adjustments in the family farm, (2) farm economy, (3) off-farm influences, (4) population changes, (5) rising educationallevels of people, (6) changes in rural/urban family living and (7)increased demands on natural resources, the group concluded:"Extension must be alert to adjust programs, focus and methodsto insure that resources are used most efficiently and in keepingwith the ever-changing problems of the people demandingservice of it."12

The "Scope Report" underscored these areas of programemphasis in the years ahead:

• Efficiency in agricultural production• Efficiency in marketing, distribution and utilization• Conservation, development and use of natural resources

In (LL"cion: Elcanor 1)L1nmoTt.', righe. Lult'lst's

()kirwtnl home l'L' tt'd{her at RYHk-\'HS

Unllcnit\ (L' £'ll'j("" {Jrojc""" ofl'(h~l'ati()n, loob (Ill

The "Scope" Report:

Plotting the Future

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---- ---------

A Summary_The 1950's

• Farm and home management• Family living• Youth development• Leadership development• Community improvement and resource development• Public affairs

"Extension needs today," the reported concluded, " ...to defineand to agree on a hard core of its educational responsibilitiesthat has family universal application ...and it needs to dedicateitself firmly, consciously and aggressively to conducting effectiveeducational efforts ... "13

--------------~-.

84

At midpoint of the 20th century, there were severalclimactic changes for the Cooperative Extension Service.This was to be emphatically true in Michigan. The

fifties followed an era with uninterrupted leadership of DirectorRobert Baldwin for 34 years. He had guided Extension for threedecades since the passage of the Smith-Lever Act. No fewerthan four directors were at the CES helm from 1950-59.

C.V. "Clint" Ballard was rewarded for long service to succeedBaldwin in 1948. He held the director's post for four years andretired in 1952. In rapid succession, D.B. "Woody" Varner andPaul A. Miller served short terms and speedily moved upwardinto the administration of a land-grant college that was tobecome one of the nation's major universities. Both were tomove on and become presidents of other land-grant schools. In1959, N.P. "Pat" Ralston, head of the MSU dairy department,became the fourth occupant of the director's chair.

Under the short but dynamic leadership of Varner andMiller, Michigan's Extension Service moved with bold newventures. New dollars brought marketing and consumermarketing information programs. Grants provided for anexperimental township agent project. A staff training institutewas initiated, and the first associate director named. Acoordinated Extension-Continuing Education programming inthe U.P. drew national attention. Michigan was in the forefrontof Extension innovation. Programs exemplified the newinformation diffusion theory of Iowa State sociologists Bohlenand Beal.

Senior agents became county Extension directors and homedemonstration agents became Extension home economists.Home economics programs were now known as Family LivingEducation. Community Resource Development put in a newappearance among Extension priorities.

In the decade there was a "changing of the guard." Long-timestalwarts Ballard, Kuhn and Kettunen stepped down. Deathclaimed all three in a short few years. Director Baldwin lived toa ripe old age of 85. Leadership of programs passed into newhands of "Dick" Bell, "Russ" Mawby and Miriam Kelley. Newentries into the program line were headed by "Bob" Kramerand "Bill" Kimball.

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On the East Lansing campus, Michigan State Collegeobserved a 100th anniversary, and the centennial year

was commemorated by a name change to "Michigan StateUniversity." In rapid succession in 1953-54, agriculture wouldhave three deans: Anthony, Hardin and Cowden. ThelmaPorter replaced Marie Dye as dean of home economics. The pre-war campus of 6,000 students would swell to 30,000. Buildingsand facilities emerged constantly with a popular public rejoinderthat "the concrete never sets at Michigan State!"

For MSU and the Extension Service it was a "golden era."An economy with pent-up demands in the war years wasbooming. Michigan Governor G. Mennen "Soapy" Williamsmanaged to be elected (albeit by razor thin margins) to anunprecedented six terms. Higher education was a frequentbenefactor of state budget largesse. Generous federalappropriations steadily boosted University budgets and salaries.New funds enabled adding nearly a hundred positions to theExtension roster. To attract new staff, Michigan could be salarycompetitive with practically any state.

The new dynamic climate attracted many competent staffersto Michigan State. Michigan not only enjoyed an innovativereputation, the state also had the dollars. Varner came fromTexas, Paul Miller from West Virginia, Kramer from Indiana,Kelley from Kentucky, Kimball moved from Wisconsin, Ralstonwas on the California-Davis staff and George Axinn had comefrom Maryland. In contrast, the district director and a majorityof field agents were native to Michigan. The infusion of stafffrom other regions is commonly referred to as "injecting newblood" into the system.

Aggressive new leadership, the influx of additional staff, and atime of increasing budgets all generated infectious enthusiasm.Both Varner and Miller soon drew national attention.Michigan's Extension Service was synonymous with innovation.Programs were in the limelight. Flexibility was a key. "If it haspotential, let's try it" was often the guideline.

As in the previous decade, Cooperative Extension andContinuing Education almost became a single, off-campusdivision. Director Varner was named MSU's first vice-president.His title was "Vice-Pesidenr for Off-Campus Education andDirector of Continuing Education." Four years later, DirectorMiller became MSU's first provost. Varner's vice-presidentialpost remained vacant. A "marriage" of off-campus services wasnever consummated. Cooperative Extension and ContinuingEducation went their separate ways. It was a period of dynamicgrowth and bold venture.

By almost any measure, it was an unparalleled era for theExtension Service in Michigan.

Specialist assocwtlOn officers of 1957: JohnCareu, James Forrer and Lucile Ketchum.

AJ,.; agl'nr (l,\$OCidtlOtl ojj'icrn (Cd. 1l)5l)

from ktt: Don Ep/,dhclTner. BE Hcnr.,

I(.D. Built". Ciarcll<·c ~11111ett. On ilkVCdker. Roher[ Ll1ld,lll. B.C.~ldll'>l,·amp, Gad Bo\( eTl and HaroldFmrL'r.

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Footnotes1950's

1 Madison, Kuhn, The First Hundred Years, Michigan StateUniversity Press, East Lansing, 1955.

2 Ibid.

3 Lowell R. Eklund, Century of Service, an Historical Analysisof the Service Function of a State University, (Ann Arbor,MI, University Microfilms, 1955,p. 371).

4 Ibid.

5 Ibid.

6 "The MSU Centennial - Its Planning and Execution:'Michigan State University 1956.

7 Address by Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Taft Benson at thel00th Anniversary of Michigan State College, annualFarmers' Week, East Lansing, Michigan, February 10, 1955.

8 "The MSU Centennial" p. 69.

9 Hill, Russell, Op. cit.

10 Ibid.

11 "Annual Report of the Cooperative Extension Service:' MSU,1956.

12 "A Statement of Scope and Responsibility, The CooperativeExtension Service Today." Extension Committee onOrganization and Policy,Washington, D.C., 1958.

13 Ibid.

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raub ledTimes:

Sta uityIto.

Exp osion

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- -~~---- -- - ~~- -~--- --- -- -- ------ -- ------ ~---

As the decade of the sixties opened, few seers would haveforecast a period of unparalleled ferment and frustration.By 1970, America's campuses were engulfed in fiery

protest and angry confrontation. Dissent was fueled by U.S.military action in a country few Americans could locate on amap- Vietnam. A young Massachusetts senator was captivatingthe nation's political scene. After becoming the Democraticnominee, John F. Kennedy was elected 35th U.S. president in1960. He narrowly defeated Richard M. Nixon who had beenvice president for eight Eisenhower years. Upon assuming office,Kennedy enjoined the nation in a now famous phrase: "Ask notwhat your country can do for you-but what you can do foryour country." It began a restless era.

In Michigan's "water-wonderland," G. Mennen "Soapy"Williams stepped down after an unprecedented 12 years asgovernor. The state's economy was cautious and uncertain afterspectacular auto sales, high employment and early inflationwarnings of the 1950's. State budgets were in trouble,precipitatd by a standoff of the executive branch and anunyielding loyal opposition in the legislature. Higher education'smeteoric growth began to level out only to see World War II"war babies" again propel increasing enrollments by mid-decade.At Michigan State the figure would exceed 40,000 students.

Climactic and often tragic events rocked an uneasy decade.After less than three years in office, President Kennedy wasassassinated in a Dallas motorcade. Vice President Lyndon B.Johnson succeeded him and was re-elected handily in 1964.When Vietnam battles erupted into a full-scale war, offeringfaint hope of victory, Johnson declined to run for a secondterm. In 1968, former Vice President Nixon returned to theWhite House in a successful presidential bid after eight years onthe political sidelines.

In the Kennedy Cabinet, Gov. Orville Freeman of Minnesotawas selected Secretary of Agriculture. He succeeded Ezra TaftBenson who had headed the U.S. Department of Agriculture(USDA) during the Eisenhower terms. With the Democratsback in power, farm policies rapidly shifted from Benson'spledge to "get government out of agriculture." Farm programsand price support policies had reverted to resemble those of theTruman years. When Republicans returned in the NixonAdministration, University of Nebraska Chancellor C.M.Hardin was named Secretary of Agriculture. Hardin had spentten years as a chairman, director and dean at Michigan Stateprior to his appointment in the Cornhusker state.

On the Washington scene, there were other changes inUSDA. C.M. "Fergie" Ferguson, former CES director in Ohio,had been named federal Extension administrator by SecretaryBenson. In 1960 he was promoted to assistant secretary onBenson's staff. Veteran federal Extension staffer Paul V. Kepnersucceeded Ferguson for an interim year. In the new KennedyAdministration, E.T. York of Florida became administrator in1961. When he resigned two years later to return to theUniversity of Florida, career USDA official Lloyd H. Davisreplaced him. During the sixties there were three secretaries ofagriculture, Benson, Freeman and Hardin. Similarly, there werethree Federal Extension Service administrators. This trio in turn

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Howe Speaker AlIi,lon Green presentedErrension'.I 50rh Anrurcrscrv citarion to

.\ISU Pre,lidenr John A Hannah,

followed M.L. Wilson who had served 13 years as Extensionhead from 1940 to 1953.

The year 1962 marked two centennial milestones. May 15,1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed a bill establishing theU.S. Department of Agriculture. A few weeks later the MorrillAct creating the nation's land-grant colleges was passed.Michigan State was among the first of these "people colleges."MSU had observed its centennial founding in 1955. Thecentennial USDA Yearbook of 1962 noted, " ... 1862 was a yearof test and trials. The nation of 32 million faced anArmageddon-the Civil War. The Homestead Act of 1862opened half a continent to the plow...about seven million farmworkers produced the food." A century later the rural scenehad vastly changed.

At both federal and state levels, a second century for theUSDA and the land-grant colleges began with the 1960's. BothUSDA and the new agricultural institutions had left indeliblemarks as contributors to American progress. Then, 52 yearsafter their founding, Sen. Hoke Smith of Georgia and Rep. A.F.Lever of South Carolina joined forces to pass the historicSmith-Lever Act which spawned the Extension Service. The1960's were to mark a half century of a unique educative effortto bear forever the Smith-Lever dyad.

For Michigan, both political and economic fortunes were tobe altered. In the state Constitutional Convention of 1961-62("Con-Con"), major redistricting took place for the statelegislature. The process was to assure "one man, one vote"representation. This immediately shifted legislative districts tourban areas. Rural political power would be forever diminished."Con-Con" also evoked new friendships. Business leader GeorgeRomney and MSU President John Hannah were elected co-chairmen of the convention. In post-convention years, theubiquitous Romney was to become governor, make apresidential bid, and be appointed Secretary of Housing andUrban Development in the Nixon Cabinet.

Shifts inthe Spartan SceneAt MSU, President John A. Hannah was in his 20th year

at the University's helm as the sixties opened. Hepresided over a campus that had now become one of thenation's major universities. In the late sixties, his impetuousvision and administrative craftsmanship were checked. He wasfaced with a divisive Board of Trustees and a testy studentbody. Campus confrontations frequently erupted into protest,violence and challenge to "the establishment." Hannah, theMSU patriarch who had been on "State's" campus for nearly 50years, suddenly announced his retirement. He left the campusin 1969 for Washington to lead the Agency for InternationalDevelopment (AID) in the Nixon Administration.

Hannah was president for 28 years-far longer than anypredecessor or likely any to succeed him. He served during long,global war years, a post-war student bulge and presided over the

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institution's centennial in 1955. He saw Michigan State Collegebecome MSU and grow from a small, land-grant school of 6,000students to a major university enrolling nearly 40,000.

MSU's Board of Trustees selected economics Professor WalterAdams to be interim president. Adams reluctantly took thehelm for the waning months of the decade-months marked byfrequent confrontations and violence by MSU students. Thedark days were unparalleled on the East Lansing campus. Butslowly the storms of militant unrest subsided. At the end of theyear, Adams returned to the classroom despite a campuspetition with 17,000 signatures supporting him as a presidentialcandidate. "I have never deviated from my inflexible gameplan," he told the trustees, "I have tried to serve the bestinterests of the University without ever entertaining thepossibility of becoming its permanent chief executive." As the1960's ended, MSU awaited its first black president. Clifton M.Wharton assumed the presidency in January 1970.

More campus changes were to come. A few weeks afterPresident Hannah's announced departure, Agriculture DeanThomas K. Cowden was offered a post as an assistant secretaryin USDA. There, he would be on the staff of the former MSUcolleague he had succeeded as dean. C.M. Hardin, who had leftMichigan to become chancellor of the University of Nebraska in1954, was named President Nixon's Secretary of Agriculture.

Appointed to succeed Cowden as dean was L.L. "Larry"Boger who had followed him 15 years earlier as the chair ofagricultural economics. In less than three years there was anentirely new administration in the College of Agriculture.George S. Mcintyre replaced "Pat" Ralston in CooperativeExtension, and horticulture Professor Sylvan Wittwer becamedirector of the Experiment Station as successor to Lloyd M.Turk. About the same time, Richard Swenson resigned asassistant dean for instruction to be replaced by Richard Feltnerof agricultural economics. Across campus, Jeanette Lee replacedDean Thelma Porter in the College of Home Economics.

Reorganization andReturn to BasicsThe sixties were a time of testing for the Extension

Service. There was both trial and challenge. A pair ofdirectors guided the fortunes of Extension throughout theperiod, which was not without its anxious moments. A highpoint of the decade was the observance of Extension's 50thanniversary in 1964. The date commemorated the passage of thefederal Smith-Lever Act of 1914. Year-long activities marked thehalf-century milestone. There was an anniversary logo, and allletterheads and publications made note of the occasion. Therewere resolutions from the state legislature and anniversaryobservances in nearly every county. The theme was a salute of"Better Living Through Learning."

"Pat" Ralston had been appointed director in early 1959. Heheld the post for seven years until he left in June 1966 for anassignment as deputy administrator for the Federal Extension

DCilll Tinll COtniCll,I/'Cilkl11g 'U fl1,m

milll,II:""""H CO",, lejl :\IS[ . ill JlIhll /'"

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A

Service. He went on leave from MSU but the following yearelected to remain in Washington and complete his career in theUSDA.

There were to be numerous administrative shifts during thesixties. When Ralston was appointed, George Axinn wasassociate director. Axinn had been appointed by Paul Millerand was the first to hold this title. Herb Berg had been assistantdirector for administration since 1944. Axinn left Extension in1961 to join MSU's international project in Nigeria. Later,Miriam Kelley, Family Living head, also left to work in Nigeriawhen Axinn was the project's chief-of-party. The associatedirector position remained vacant until the appointment ofGeorge Mclntyre four years later.

Berg, a veteran of 36 years with Extension, retired July 1,1964. An Extension legend, Berg had served as an assistant forfive directors. Clearly, no staff member knew more about MSUand CES history, legislation and administrative policy thanHerb Berg. He knew hundreds of Extension workers by first,middle and last names. Much of the history that appears onthese pages is evidence of his meticulous records. From stackspiled high on his office desk of records, reports and papers, hehad an amazing access and retrieval system which long predatedthe computer! He could infallibly find almost any informationregarding budgets, personnel or the intricate interpretations ofstaff benefits and the bewildering formulae for computingretirement pensions. It seemed most appropriate that Bergshould retire during the year that Cooperative Extension wasobserving a milestone anniversary. He had been a part of it for36 of the 50 years.

For a number of years, neither Berg's nor Axinn's positionwas filled. CES fiscal and budget duties were transferred to aCollege of Agriculture business office headed by Floyd Fladseth,who had worked with Berg for nearly 20 years. So had HelenStophlet, a secretary in Berg's office who kept the detailedpersonnel records for more than 30 years. Both remained onthe staff for some 10 years after Berg's retirement.

In the new administrative structure, responsibilities wereshifted to assistant directors who headed Extension's fiveprograms and to district directors. Ralston appointed GeorgeParsons and A.S. Mowery to district assignments on a teamthat included D.A. Caul, Einer Olstrom, Bohn Musgrave andFred Peabody. All had been agricultural agents at one time.

But climactic changes were to ensue following the glowingaccolades accorded to Extension for a successful half century.Within two years, leadership in four of the five programschanged hands with the departure of Bob Kramer, DuaneGibson, Russ Mawby and Miriam Kelley. The supervisorystructure of district directors would be eliminated, and a newassociate director would be named. There was also to be amajor reorganizaton of the field staff, and a year and a halflater Director Ralston would leave to be replaced by the fifthadministrator in 15 years.

State reapportionment, the 1962 Constitutional Conventionand the current political climate brought a new balance ofpower in the state. A rural bloc would be forever lost.

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Legislative wrangling often placed state appropriations for highereducation in jeopardy. Extension fortunes rode on those budgetbills and not infrequently were singled out for criticism. Somelawmakers as well as user groups contended that CES had farout stepped its original mission of aiding farmers and helpingrural people. At one point a single vote in an appropriationscommittee saved a disastrous cut in the state budget for theExtension Service.

1965- Year ofAnxious ActionIna surprising move as the political environment heated

up, George S. Mcintyre was appointed Associate CESDirector in October 1965. A former agricultural agent and U.P.dairy specialist, Mcintyre had been with the MichiganDepartment of Agriculture for 18 years, the last 12 as director.His political acumen was well established. Many observersassumed that Mcintyre's apparent mandate included "legislativefence mending." When Ralston went on leave to Washingtonthe next year, Mcintyre became acting director.

Family Living Leader Kelley was succeeded by Loa Whitfield,who had been state home economics leader in Ohio. Whitfieldhad moved to Michigan to head special projects at the Ll.P.Extension Center in Marquette. She came to the campus inearly 1965 and met an untimely death from cancer three yearslater. Lois Humphrey came from Colorado to become the newFLE program director.

When Mawby left for a position with the Kellogg Foundation,Gordon Beckstrand of Utah was appointed to direct state 4-HYouth programs. In October of the same year, Bob Kramerresigned to become vice president of the Pomona campus ofCalifornia State Polytechnic College. A year later he became itspresident. The Kellogg Foundation had given the Pomonacampus to Cal Poly. After Kramer's departure, GeorgeStach wick was named director of the CES Marketing program.

A change also occurred in Community Resource Development(CRD). Duane Gibson had been named assistant director in1963, holding a dual appointment since he also headed theMSU Institute for Community Development. Gibson succeededWilliam J. "Bill" Kimball who had been appointed the firstCRD leader by Director Ralston. Gibson returned to theinstitute and Continuing Education in the 1965 reorganization.He was followed by Einer Olstrom, who had been a districtdirector in northern Michigan. He assumed a new title of"Program Director for Natural Resources."

More Changes to ComeThere was to be more in the reorganization plan.

Responding to budget difficulties and sporadic legislativecriticism on program mission, additional measures were put inplace. Positions were cut. Retrenchment was imperative. Thesupervisory structure created 20 years earlier was scrapped. A

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1<lA6AgTlc,,/n<Ta/ COimcil and EXlt'JlSionwlmjni.~trat()T.\ from lcft: Om.'ClOT :,\'.p.

Ral.,con, AE) Dirccu» )\/,(/n W'mu eT,DIck nel/, Frank \l,:Cal/", Frank Henn,

Frank \leTmn"n, ,\hron [)otni, D.Aem/, [(ellil \lidd/cron, (1.). Mdnme,

/,,,,,/ H"'!(dTd, Vicwr Sodennan and Her"V,m Aken.

new Division of Field Operations was formed,Heading the new division was Associate Director Mcintyre.

Five district directors were reassigned. Their functions were nowtaken over by the field operations staff. This group includedformer district directors George Parsons, Bohn Musgrave andA.S. Mowery in the U.P .. Some months later, Berrien agentFrank Madaski joined this staff. Mowery shortly left to go withContinuing Education and was replaced by Frank Molinare,long-time agent in Dickinson County. Musgrave retired at theend of 1968. Field operations maintained state administrativeliaison with county / district/ area offices. As a trade-off, programdirectors were given added responsibilities for budget andpersonnel management.

District directors D.A. Caul and Fred Peabody were assignedas program leaders in agriculture. Peabody held a part-timeappointment while pursuing a graduate degree. When hereturned after receiving his Ph.D. from MSU, Director Mcintyrenamed him Extension personnel director in 1969.

To meet 1965-66 budget curtailments, Director Ralstonsummarily announced a staff reduction of 35 positions October1, 1965. In the counties, 29 positions were deleted, primarily inFamily Living and 4-H Youth programs. The remaining staff ofthese programs was assigned to one of 30 multi-county areas ofthree to five counties. In lower Michigan, most of these areashad two home economists and two 4-H youth agents to direct athree-county area program. In less-populated upper Michiganand the U.P., a three- to five-county area was served by a homeeconomist and a 4-H agent.

The "County Extenston Director" (CEO) titles were dropped.Director Ralston explained that titles were changed to moreclearly designate major educational responsibilities in eitheragriculture or natural resources. Directors in the 79 countyoffices were known as "County Extension Agricultural Agents"or "County Extension Natural Resource Agents." These titlesprevailed until replaced by the original CEO designation inMarch 1969. Area programming continued throughout the1960's and later was supplemented by employment of "countyprogram assistants" funded by both state and county funds.

The reassignment and major reorganizations were not void ofproblems. A small field operations staff found it difficult tomaintain adequate liaison with 79 counties. Program leadershipfrom the state level, designed to provide county programsupport, was also creating separate lines of authority. For some,it appeared that the revision had been a retreat to the early1950's with individual administrative structures for each ofExtension's program thrusts. The new organization installed in

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1965 remained until a subsequent changeover in the early1970's.

McIntyre Takes OverRalston and Mclntyre presided over the new order until

mid-1966 when Ralston went on leave to be deputyadministrator of the Federal Extension Service in Washington,D.C. Mclntyre then served as acting director for a year and wasnamed director in May 1967, when Ralston elected to leaveMSU to take a new post with USDA in the nation's capital.

New Assignments-Although the major shifts for Extensionappeared to culminate in 1965, others had taken place earlier.Dan Sturt, who had preceded Uel Blank as district director inthe U.P., resigned to take an assignment with MSU's project inPakistan. Sturt returned to head a new Rural Manpower Centeron campus. (Details of the center appear later.) Blank came tocampus to accept a position in Continuing Education and laterleft to join the Minnesota Extension staff. A.S. Mowery hadreplaced Blank in the U.P. in 1962.

Supervisor Ray Ranta became state 4-H leader in Kentucky.Jack Ferver, on the U.P. 4-H staff, returned from a graduatework leave to be assigned to staff training. Later, he moved toMSU's Taiwan project and upon return took a position at theUniversity of Wisconsin.

Program leaders Ruth Peck and Marjorie Eastman retired.Margaret Browne, Florence Rann, Marion Hermance and RuthGould accepted positions in other states. New program leadersemployed in the 1960's included Gertrude Nygren, MargaretJacobson (Bubolz), Pearl Winterfeldt, Anne J. Kinsel (Wolford),Betty Ketcham, Alice Epple, Doris Wetters and Arvella Curtis.Carroll "Jake" Wamhoff and Epple headed the new ExpandedNutrition program which had its beginnings in 1968.

On the 4-H staff, June Wilkinson, Dean Allen, Joe Waterson,Amalie Vasold, Delwyn Dyer and Melvin Thompson left MSU.Death claimed Marie Wolfe in 1964. Program leaders joining the4-H staff were "Jake" Wamhoff, Ray Gillespie, Don Stormer andLowell Rothert. All had been 4-H youth agents. In staffdevelopment, Mason Miller replaced George Axinn as head ofthe Institute for Extension Personnel Development.

In information services, long-time Extension editor Earl C.Richardson stepped down in 1962 to be replaced by Howard L.Miller who came from Ohio. In the numerous changes ofinformation personnel during the sixties, there were 16resignations to accept other positions. Radio and televisioncontinued as important media, and broadcasting staff wereemployed by WKAR and by MSU's shared channel WILX-TV.Broadcasters who worked closely with CES information staffincluded "Art" Boroughs, "Dick" Arnold, Virginia Weiser, PatDorn (Adams) and Mary Jane Miltgen (Fatness).

Staff Numbers-Over the ten-year span, there were periodicfluctuations in staff numbers. At the beginning of 1960 therewas a total of 417.8 full-time equivalent (FIE) positions.Approximately 400 were filled at anyone time. After staffreductions of 1965 there was a drop to about 380 field and

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l'm'"n Fa"le anJ Quenrin O.manJtrirB/)eer potau, tn:ighmg and counting atAlfreJ Oelke'" Dickinson COI<nr, farm.

campus staff. With restoration of funds, the figure reached 411by 1969. The total Michigan staff increased by nearly 100positions since the early 1950's. Campus specialist staff nu mberswent up somewhat more than the field staff during this growthperiod.

E·M.I·S-Extension's Time Study-Annual plans of workand periodic reports have always been a "way of life" for CESstaff and have never been popular with agents or specialists,notwithstanding an appreciation for their purpose: plans ofwork provided budget justification; yearly reports enabledaccountability for accomplishment.

In 1968, a national Extension Management InformationSystem (EMIS) was launched by the Federal Extension Service.All states were mandated to submit plans of work and anannual report which would reflect both planned and expendedtime inputs of all staff. Audience numbers were reported for allExtension program objectives. Reflecting an affirmative actioninfluence, all audience contacts were reported by race and sexto be tabulated at the end of the year.

Howard Miller of information services was appointed to directthe new management system. He held the post for 12 years. Tohandle the enormous data base which the system generated, allinputs were summarized by computer. Each of 400 staffmembers reported total time spent in hours on programobjectives. This resulted in some lOO,OOO records each year.Data were then summarized and submitted as part of state CESreports to Washington. Data summaries of time use were alsoproduced for program units and for individual staff. Narrativesdocumented program results. The EMIS system continuedthroughout the seventies to be substantially modified after adozen years.

Program Priorities-Just as there were frequent changes inpersonnel and operations, there were also dynamic programshifts in the 1960's. Major grants from the W.K. KelloggFoundation provided funds for expanded efforts in farmmanagement, the development of the computerized TELFARMand TELPLAN farm business analysis venture and a ruralleadership program for young farmers. New federal fundsbrought the Expanded Nutrition Program (ENP) for low incomefamilies. This also provided for a new kind of Extension worker,the paraprofessional or "program aide." By 1969, more than 100such nutrition program aides were employed in 16 counties.Other grants brought a new program in rural civil defense andemergency preparedness education under the direction of VictorL. Stine.

Camp Kett in Osceola County opened for a new thrust in4-H leadership training. Public affairs and human resourcedevelopment became major program priorities. Home economicsshed a long-held title to become "Family Living." Homeeconomics agents now carried a more descriptive title of"Extension Home Economist." An expanded effort to reach newaudiences of young people change "4-H Club Work" to "4-HYouth program." Greater emphasis was given to low-incomeboys and girls and to youth in urban centers.

The Civil Rights Law of 1964 brought abrupt challenges. As afederally funded agency, CES was now mandated to develop

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affirmative action plans to assure availability of programs to allpersons irrespective of race, color, creed or national origin.Michigan adopted a policy to promote the spirit of suchlegislation to also expand efforts to involve limited resourcefamilies, those under poverty levels, the aged and thehandicapped. Concurrently, policies were developed to providefor equal employment opportunity in the Extension Service.

Community Resource Development (CRD) was added toAgriculture, Marketing, Family Living and 4-H as a newprogram in the sixties. In 1965 its title was changed to NaturalResources when Einer Olstrom was named program director.The program included forestry, fisheries/wildlife, public policy,soil conservation, land use, tourism-resort services, planning andzoning, community development and recreation. A short timelater the program became known as Resource Development.

State leadership changed frequently in all programs, but acore of campus specialists provided resources over the entiredecade. Many would complete careers of 20-30 years beforeretiring. Among these were: John Carew and Arthur Mitchell,horticulture; John Doneth, L.H. Brown, Mike Kelsey, LeonardKyle and E.M. Elwood, farm management; Don Murray,Clinton Meadows and Don Hillman, dairy; Robert Maddex,Robert White and Richard Pfister, agricultural engineering;Graydon Blank, E.C. Miller and Wilton Finley, animalhusbandry; Charles Sheppard, poultry; Leyton Nelson, S.c.Hildebrand, Milton Erdmann and c.L. CIanahan, farm crops;Anita Dean and Roberta Hershey, foods and nutrition; AlvinRippen, food science; Bernetta Kahabka, textiles/clothing; JoeCox, landscape architecture; Lucile Ketchum and EunicePardee, home management.

Others include: Henry Larzelere, John Ferris, Glynn McBride,Don Stark and Richard Hartwig, marketing; Russell Hill, soilconservation; W.J. Kimball, community resource development;Robert George, conservation education; Ray Janes and E.C.Martin, entomology; H.S. Porter, plant pathology; Lester Belland Roy Skog, forestry; Edward Longnecker, Robert Lucas,James Porter, Lynn "Bus" Robertson and Louis Wolfanger, soils.Collectively, these specialists were to give more than 1,500 staffyears to the state leadership of Extension programs. Most wereto retire from long careers in the next decade.

Veteran and county staff who retired in the 1960's includedCasper "Cap" Blumer, Alcona; Walter Kirkpatrick, Antrim;George Biekkola, Baraga; Robert Lincoln, Lapeer; Louis G.Hall, Lenawee; Karl Bailey, Oakland; Harold Larsen, Mason;Victor Beal, Montcalm; Grace Mitchell, Midland; K.J.Moilanen, Ontonagon; Grace VanderKolk (deceased), Ottawa;George Landsburg, Saginaw; Emma Reinbold, Emmet; LilasFrost and Clara Hay, Genesee; Margaret Linsell, Kalamazoo;Eleanor Densmore, Kent; Lester Walcutt, Menominee; MargaretFoster, Shiawassee.

Staff turnover continued to be about 10 percent a year. Overthe ten-year period, nearly 300 staff members resigned orassumed other MSU appointments. While total staff numbersremained fairly stable, a total of 311 new staffers were appointedto the Extension Service from 1960-69. Some positions changedthree or four times, while other staff remained in the same

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Agriculture:

Squeezes, Bindsand Breakthroughs

Fmm crops specialist Milt Erdmann, likeall specialists, helped growns face

productlt'it, challenge.

98

assignment throughout the decade. To direct personnelmanagement, Fred Peabody was named to head Extensionpersonnel services March 1, 1969 and was appointed associatedirector for administration in 1974.

As a new decade of the 1960's began, the nation's farmersfaced an old problem: surplus production resulting indepressed prices. It was an old refrain. Research and

education had performed perhaps too well. Farm productivityhad nearly doubled since World War II as U.S. population grewby about 25 percent. There was simply more than the marketcould absorb. Secretary of Agriculture Benson, a zealouschampion of free enterprise for agriculture, commented in hisfinal report for 1960, "...What is of even greater importance isthat national policy has moved in the direction of greaterfreedom for farm people to plant, to market, to compete and tomake their own decisions. The fundamental economics of thefarm dilemma is simple, it is the politics that is baffling. Whatfarmers want and need is less government in the farmingbusiness."

Indeed there was movement toward freedom; but in ten years,the nation's farm population declined by one-third as ruralpeople left the farm. "Unfortunately," the new Secretary ofAgriculture Freeman reported in 1961, "the abundance thatfarmers produced did not bring them economic reward, but agrowing economic distress." Michigan farmers also felt thesqueeze. Cost continued to rise but prices slipped, often belowcosts of production.

An explosive agricultural productivity catalyzed by newscientific breakthrough and mechanization was constantlyoutstripping domestic demands for farm products. A hungryworld and increased U.S. exports were seen as one answer.More and more U.S. grains, oils and livestock products weresold abroad. But even surplus food distributions, school lunchprograms and international "give-aways" in addition to exportswere unable to maintain prices. The Kennedy-JohnsonDemocrats once more sought the panacea and the interventionof price supports, acreage controls and market quotas.

The trend away from farms continued steadily in the sixties.There were fewer farmers, but their problems grew morecomplex and more interdependent. They would look to agenciesand the Extension Service for help in farm management andfarm and home development. The nation's countryside wouldhave new programs targeted for rural development. Perhapsalternatives could bolster the sagging farm incomes.

Farm Trends-From 1960-69, the agricultural census showedalmost 35,000 fewer farms. Value per farm had nearly doubled.Even the number of commercial farms continued to drop. Therewere 15,000 fewer such units at the end of the 1960's. Theaverage size of farms increased from 132 acres in 1959 to nearly152 acres ten years later. Farms were getting larger, costingmore money and returning more dollars but not necessarilyhigher incomes. And, as in previous decades, there were fewerfarmers in Michigan counties.

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Early in 1960, economists James Nielson and R.G. Wheelerwrote in Michigan Farm Economics: "A resulting income squeezehas been widely felt throughout agriculture. Labor returnsaveraged less than a dollar an hour for farm accountcooperators, the current minimum wage." The economistssuggested three alternatives: (1) practice changes (2) long-terminvestments in new facilities and (3) shifts from farming to otherernployrnenr.' As costs continued to rise, the gains from newfarm technology were generally rewarded by lower prices.

January 1, 1960, corn was $1.00 per bushel; wheat $1.83.Choice steers in Chicago were $26.03/cwt., and the blend milkprice was $3.99. Ten years later, corn was $1.07; wheat $1.29.Choice steers sold for $29.27 and milk in the super pool was$5.78/cwt.

"1970 looks like a year of adjustment," economist LesterManderscheid forecast in December 1969. "After nine years ofeconomic expansion, there is real concern about a recession.Such concern grows because of memories of 1958 when inflationcontinued while a recession occurred. "2 As the sixties ended,and the conflict in Vietnam was winding down, there wereunmistakable signs of inflation and forecasts of farm prices thatwould reach new highs. Prior to his retirement in 1970, policyspecialist Arthur "Art" Mauch concluded: "Past farm programs,for the most part, have been legislated and administered on theassumption that a higher price would cure the ills of all farmers.It is high time we recognize the true nature of the problem andtreat its cause rather than the symptoms of overproduction andlow prices."!

Campus Changes-On the MSU campus, dozens of newdevelopments transformed the landscape. Farmlands now werethe lawns and walkways for new stuctures. "Moo U" continuedto evolve from an "aggie" campus to a locale for a major U.S.university. The last of the livestock barns moved south of Mt.Hope Avenue. Once the Red Cedar had been the borderbetween cows and kids. New beef cattle, dairy, poultry andsheep research and teaching centers opened. Food Science,which had earlier become a new department, moved fromAnthony Hall to new laboratories next door. Across the street,a Natural Resource building took form. To the west was theSchool of Packaging. Plant Biology and a Pesticide ResearchCenter rose near the south campus greenhouses. So did a newveterinary clinic. Crop and Soil Sciences, long separatedivisions, merged into a new department under Dale Harpstead.Their new home was to be on hold for another 20 years!

Progress was fortuitous. As competition vied for campus space,agriculture moved south-each time with newer and moremodern facilities. When Agriculture Dean T.K. Cowden left in1969, only venerable "Ag" Hall, crops-soils labs in the old dairybuilding and horticulture remained as the only ANR facilitiesnorth of the river. To the south were impressive, multi-milliondollar research and teaching centers for dairy on College Roadand beef cattle on Bennett. A sheep facility was built onHagadorn Road and a greatly expanded poultry center openedon Jolly Road near a new 1-96 freeway.

Some campus landmarks disappeared. The "short coursedorms" of G.l. Bill days, the forestry cabin and the railroad

Strau,bern irrigation - u.P. grower JoeOstanek demonstrating neu: technolog)' toU. P. farm management specialist RickHarcu'ick and CEO An'id Norlin.

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Veteran public polic" specialist Art'\1auch conferring uith colleague lake

Ferris on "Project 'SO:'

bridge were razed. Even the smokestack bearing "M.A.C."toppled in the wake of progress. But a visionary project failed:"Prof." Arthur Farrall's idea for "Technorama," a changingmuseum, exhibition hall and educational center to depict thepast and the future of agriculture, was not to be.

Agriculture Hall continued to headquarter the college officesand administrative staff of the Extension Service andExperiment Station. Director Paul Miller had brought allprogram directors to "Ag" Hall. Agriculture and 4-H had beenthere for years. Marketing had come in 1954, and MiriamKelley was the first home economics leader to have offices withstaff of the other three programs. District directors andsupervisors continued in a perennial game of musical chairsbetween floors of the venerable building.

Project '80- The state's agricultural establishment in 1965was looking far beyond MSU's south campus. The College ofAgriculture undertook a major project to survey the future toask, "What will rural Michigan be like in 1980?" That was atime more than 15 years away. Economist John "Jake" Ferriswas named project director for "Project '80." The ambitiousproject was guided by a steering committee headed by L.L."Larry" Boger, chairman of agricultural economics. He was tobecome dean of agriculture, MSU provost and a land-grantpresident before 1980 arrived. Boger was one of four deans whowould serve from 1965-80.

Also on the project's steering committee were John Carew,chairman of horticulture; Charles Lassiter of dairy; AlexisPanshin of forest products and Extension's R.W. "Dick" Bell.Mark Allen of information services was the project editor forthe final published reports which totaled 851 pages. More than20 committees and 100 MSU staffers contributed to theextensive analysis and projection. Summaries andrecommendations from 16 major reports were presented at atwo-day seminar of the state's agricultural leaders in April 1965.

"Project '80" proceeded from five assumptions: (1) no majorwar (2) no major depression (3) modest inflation (4) averageweather and (5) new technology to be developed and adopted ata greater rate than from 1950-65. Projections were for a statepopulation increase of two million and the number of ruralfarm people would be reduced more than half. The forecast wasfor 40,000 fewer farms in the state, with 32,000 commercialunits to account for 95 percent of all farm product sales.Farming would bcome big business.

Other predictions were a dramatic increase in farm size andthree million acres to be shifted out of farmlands. The averagefarm of 1980 would have an investment of $72,000. Othercalculations were that commercial farms would average morethan 500 acres and have gross returns exceeding $70,000 peryear. The "Project '80" report concluded: "This will be the kindof agriculture that will have a big stake in feeding the state's10.4 million people in 1980. Population increase will meanadding the equivalent of a city approximately that of anotherDetroit!"

Programs for a New Decade-Agriculture was to continueas an important priority in the Extension program spectrum.

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The 1960 plan of work posed the question: "Big agriculturefeeds this rapidly growing nation a more nutritious and varieddiet with fewer farm workers and from fewer acres. It also dealswith other giants on the American scene. How can we dealwith these other giants to insure a prosperous and progressiveagriculture?" The other big members of the cast were "BigIndustry," "Big labor" and "Big Government." CES programleaders outlined 15 objectives to aid the agricultural cause. Mostwere targeted to reduce losses, lower costs and to produce moreefficiently. CES efforts were to apply research to hit thosetargets. "Project '80" provided benchwork data to gear up aneducational program for the dramatic developments that were tocome.

Agricultural Program leadership-Extension's agriculturalprograms of the sixties continued under "Dick" Bell who hadassumed the program director post in 1954. Agriculture was stillclearly the major CES effort. Most county Extension directorsconsidered agriculture their main educational assignment. Fortycounties also had a second "agricultural agent" bv the mid-sixties. Four horticultural agents operated on a district basis,staffing a pattern that was to expand as specialization trendscontinued. Agents like Karl Bailey, James Lincoln, FrankKlackle, "Bill" Maclean, Clarence Mullet, George McManus,and Stewart Carpenter came on the staff. The first "districtfarm management agents" were also hired.

As mentioned earlier, when district supervision was curtailedin the 1965 reorganization, D.A. Caul was transferred tobecome a program leader to work with Bell. Fred J. Peabody,also a district director, was reassigned to agriculture as a part-time program leader while pursuing graduate work at MSU.

As noted earlier, titles of agents were changed to reflectprogram emphasis. In predominately agricultural counties, theCEO was now the "County Extension Agricultural Agent"(CEAA). A second ag agent in a county was titled "ExtensionAgricultural Agent" (EAA). Director McIntyre reinstated theCEO designation in 1969. Periodically, ag agents have beenspecified in dairy, livestock, cash crops, swine, beef, cattle, fruit,vegetables and others where commodities were concentrated andagents held a subject speciality.

On the same date as the former field staff titles were restored,administrative shifts again affected agriculture. Program leaderCaul was shifted from agriculture to a new position asExtension program coordinator. Fred Peabody, who had workedpart-time while completing a Ph.D., was appointed Extensionpersonnel director. These shifts once again left Bell alone tomanage agricultural programs. Unlike other programs, however,much of the leadership in agriculture came from specialists orproject leaders in campus departments. Bell served throughoutthe decade, and after 20 years as assistant Extension director foragriculture, he retired in 1973.

Veteran agriculture specialists who were key leaders duringthis period included: John Doneth and Art Mauch, agriculturaleconomics; Robert Maddex, agricultural engineering; DonaldMurray, dairy; Graydon Blank, animal husbandry; ley tonNelson, farm crops; Edward Longnecker, soils; John Carew,Paul larsen and Paul Krone, horticulture; Ray Janes,

This is a TO\~ gard~n ? jack Prescott,

:-.t£Komh CED,lhoHing groHn hOt<furnace st<ppli~s CO2 to dot<hle roseprodt<dlOn.

John Donrrh, dritlng force hehind :-'1SL'comt)utt'ri~t.'(l farm management I andArl~ne /(mg, c'()mpt<tcr laf, s"perIISOf,

checking Tel Farm outtnu .

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Ahote left Homer ['arteT.lon,

\\,', Conard Search and LOl.l

\\,'edge at "ork In AlleganExtensIOn oj/le'e, Relou nghc

Cdm/no L-()mt)J(tt!ri~crs Jim

\1,,[, ann, John Rrake, ArleneJ(ing t'.\t)ld!'ninJ~ \}.'iCem w ReI',

Charles Dati"

102

entomology; Charles Sheppard, poultry and Russell G. Hill, soilconservation. Agriculture had nearly 50 specialists as full-timeequivalents, but this number represented about 90 departmentalpositions in the Colleges of Agriculture, Natural Science andVeterinary Medicine.

In 1965 a Rural Manpower Center was established with DanSturt as director. He headed the new center for five years.Particular concern was accorded to the problems of migrantlabor and farm labor management. While some of the focus wasspecifically on farm labor, a broader spectrum of the center'sactivity is discussed in a later section. Allen Shapley was firstwith the center and later became a labor specialist with thefarm management staff. Dozens of studies and hundreds ofpublications helped to better the lot of Michigan's farm workers.

The Birth of "TelFarm"-A continual cost-price squeeze forfarmers brought new demands for help in farm management.The electronic computer was to be a powerful ally. Ageconomists submitted a proposal to the W.K. KelloggFoundation for a computerized farm business analysis project. In1963, a grant of $304,000 was awarded to the Department ofAgricultural Economics. "TeIFarm" was born. An acronym for"Today's Electronic Farm Records for Management," the newsystem modernized a farm account project that had beenaround for 30 years. The idea was masterminded by farmmanagement specialists John Doneth and L.H. "Hi" Brown.

With the new system, more than 1,300 farmers mailed in farmtransaction data each month to receive periodic summaries andan annual analysis. Cooperators paid fees from $100-$250 tocover data processing costs. The grants also provided for a staffof "District Farm Management Agents." They worked withagents and cooperating farmers and provided liaison with thecampus farm management staff. T elFarm got underway in 1964and attracted national attention. It became a model for manycomputerized management systems nationwide. In 1964, thefarm management staff was cited with USDA's Superior ServiceAward.

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On campus, Donerh , Brown, Everett Elwood, Leonard Kyle,William Tinsley and M.P. "Mike" Kelsey worked out thesystem's details. William Ruble directed the "number cruncher "at MSU's Computer Center. In the field, district agents JamesMyers, Conard Search, Clare Musgrove, Don Hearl and WilburDexter worked with the farm cooperators. All of the "OFMA's"appointed in 1963 had been former agricultural agents. Inaddition to the help for individual farmers, the system generatedthousands of items which could be used as data base formanagement education.

In 1967, Kellogg awarded an additional $514,000 grant toexpand the management project. The new funds provided fordevelopment of "T ell'lan." This consisted of computer programsfor projecting data and seeking answers to "What if?" farmmanagement questions. It enabled CES to move toward a "type-of-farming" advisory service. By inputs of certain data,alternatives could be quickly determined and consequencesanalyzed. Both specialists and agents could access the computerfrom almost any telephone jack. Specialists Stephen Harsh, RoyBlack and Ralph Hepp joined the farm management staff. Harshdeveloped early T elPlan programs which could actuate voiceresponses from "Svnrhia," an Ann Arbor computer. The stateof the art improved rapidly, and in 20 years nearly 25,000yearly farm records were processed, and the computer spewedforth thousands of answers for questions addressed to theT elPlan data bank. As a spinoff, Doneth and the farmmanagement staff were both pioneers and prime movers ingetting CES and the College of Agriculture into the computerage.

Rural Leadership Development-"If leadership is taught,what is the curriculum? If leadership is developed, what is theprocess? If leadership is the sum of these, how is the modelconstucted?" Those were the questions raised by MSU staff inproposing a new leadership study program. The KelloggFoundation awarded a $474,000 grant to fund a unique seven-

103

Prt''iOl.;l' /hl:()ft LInn

H1dTl(Il;l'I1lt'llt It'dHl Tl'dt'\ l'a l :\DA1()(1-t Slt/)l'TlOl' Sen /l'l' AtulT(l.

W',rh [)11<'dor "/'dr" R,,/-rorJ,

s<'dJT,d I"'''' letr, ar,' tJI. "H,"fl",,, n,lohrJ [)orJ<,rh, \I,b' f..:<'k\,E, <,,<,rr El" ood, L,'orJ,ael f..:\l" ,mel

Al TIn,I", IR"k Hdrtl( "'k norshoun)

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Nett culture -management for crops -narrow row sugar beet planting - shown in

Sanilac County by ag agent Ed Cole andgrower on 1965 farm management tour.

year project. It became known as the "Kellogg Farmers Study"project. The target group was young farmers andagribusinessmen with leadership potential.

Five groups of 30 young farm leaders participated. Each wasaway from the farm a total of three months over a three-yeartraining period. The first year consisted of campus seminars andin-state travels to visit business, industry, institutions and theurban sector. Many had never had such experiences. In yeartwo, participants included a two-week, national travel tour toanother U.S. region such as the South or West. In the thirdyear, there were three weeks of international travel. For groupmembers it was mind-stretching. A dozen years later, many"Kellogg Farmers" have assumed leadership positions incommunities, local government, farm organizations and decision-making groups.

There were many impacts. The 150 participants were exposedto new horizons. Most were in an age bracket of 25-35. In thenext 10 years many would hold local and state offices. Theywould head organizations and even serve in the state legislature.They would be opinion leaders. Selection of 150 young menwith great potential for the program resulted in a cadre ofleaders who would, and did, leave indelible imprints in theirrural Michigan communities for years to come. They continueto do so.

President John A. Hannah once commented: "The KelloggFarmers' Study Program was without a doubt one of theoutstanding programs on the MSU campus during my tenure aspresident." Extension Service staff contributed much to theprogram's success. Program directors included David H. Boyne,Richard Feltner, Art Mauch and G.E. Rossmiller. Coordinatorsfor the five groups included Feltner and Rossmiller along with"Bill" Kimball of resource development and Myron Kelsey,Glynn McBride, David Cole and David Armstrong of theagricultural economics staff.

Out of the study program grew a program for local leadersentitled "New Horizons." A parallel experience for CES staffbecame "Quest for Quality." A teenage project was "TEAM"(Teen Enrichment and Maturity). Project "L-E-A-D"(Leadership, Experience and Development) was begun forCollege of Agriculture students. For faculty a new experiencewas "Project Prof." The payoff in leadership development wasattested years later in many places. The rural leadership projectbecame a model which was adapted by more than 30 states.

Farmers' Week-The annual week continued to draw largecrowds to the campus. Traditionally held the end of Januaryand early February, the 1969 event was shifted to March. Aftermore than 50 years, the dates were set for MSU's springvacation period when there was less campus congestion. Thesedates are now established as a yearly event. A high point was1961. Five former U.S. Secretaries of Agriculture appeared in aspecial program at Jenison Fieldhouse. It attracted nationalattention and was probably a "first time ever." Attending wereHenry A. Wallace, secretary in the Roosevelt years; Claude A.Wickard, who served the 1940's; Clinton Anderson and CharlesF. Brannan from the Truman Administration and Ezra TaftBenson, secretary under Eisenhower. Collectively, they looked

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back and looked to the future of agricultural progress. Thefollowing year, Orville Freeman, USDA secretary in theKennedy years, flew in by Air Force jet through a springsnowstorm to address a Farmers' Week audience.

The annual event continued despite countless predictions ofdemise. Attendance remained high. Three agricultural leadersare selected each year to receive MSU's "Distinguished Serviceto Agriculture" awards. This precedent began in the 1950's.Farmers' Week prevailed as an occasion for livestock associationmeetings and annual banquets for the poultry industry,agricultural engineering and farm management. More than 200sessions and hundreds of displays were a part of each year'sprogram. Prof. Byron Good in animal husbandry was themanager of the yearly event for more than 25 years. Farmers'Week provided a forum for CES to reach an audience ofthousands each year. During the sixties and well beyond, theweek has preserved a long-standing commitment of MichiganState to public service.

SummaryThe 1960's, like the preceding decade, continued a rapidly

moving trend of new technology in agriculture.Mechanization was the order of the day. Crops were plantedand harvested with equipment that grew larger, faster, better-and more expensive. Minimum tillage, new pesticides andherbicides all helped to boost crop yields. But big crops oftenbrought small prices. Extension staff mounted new efforts tohelp farmers with management and marketing. The electroniccomputer became an important ally in the process to monitorcosts, produce efficiently and sell more profitably.

Agents and specialists teamed up to help growers and

Fi,'e us SelTetaries of Agriculeure spokedunng 1961 Farmers' Week, Wieh DeanTom Cou'den and MSU Presidene JohnHannah, were (from lefe): Ezra Tafe Benson(Eisenhou'er); Charles Brannan andClincon Anderson (Truman) and ClaudeW,ckard and Henn Wallace (Roosewle),Bdou - ehe secretaries on stage in JenisonField House,

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Don luchartz, Wayne County CEO,inspecting progress in sod farming, agrowing farm business in the sixties.

Marketing:

Special Funding forSpecial Programming

producers combat the cereal leaf beetle, the alfalfa weevil andmastitis. They helped design buildings from milking parlors andbunker silos to apple storages. They planned strategies to reducelabor. But as each new practice was adopted, competitionbecame keener. More and more farm operators were unable tocompete, and fewer farms were producing more of the state'sagricultural products.

Programs in agriculture over the ten-year span could besummarized by a concluding statement in the 1967 annualreport: "The combined efforts of Extension Service staff inapplying new research to production, engineering, pest controland management on the state's commercial farms is animpressive contribution. A one percent increase in product salesresulting from education means returns nearly double that ofthe entire yearly CES budget-a wise investment by anystandard!"

Programs in agricultural marketing maintained a strongemphasis in the 1960's. Slipping farm prices and lowerprofit margins drew renewed interest from producers.

Marketing education convinced farmers and growers they couldexert some influence on prices. Processors, distributors andmarket firms brought hundreds of new items to supermarketshelves each year. The village grocer and the country store hadall but disappeared as the food buying center. But conveniencehad a price. The agribusiness establishment was often accused ofadding "middle man" costs to the disadvantage of lowered farmprices and higher tags on foodstuffs. Marketing staff werechallenged to create a climate where the total food chain couldoperate efficiently.

To address these problems, dollars from both state and federalsources kept coming. Special appropriations were provided bythe federal Agriculture and Marketing Act. These "AMA"funds supported marketing efforts along with line items in thestate CES budget earmarked for marketing education. But levelsof funding which resulted meant that declines were inevitable asinflation climbed and personnel costs went upward but availabledollars were constant.

Extension Leadership-Bob Kramer continued as programdirector for marketing until his resignation in 1965. He alsoheaded MSU's Agricultural Marketing Utilization Center, whichhad been established five years earlier. George Stachwickreturned from industry to head all marketing activities as wellas the consumer information program when Kramer left. Aseach year passed, there were changes in the marketing staff. By1962 there were seven district marketing agents. This numberdropped to four by 1969 with three located in westernMichigan. Consumer agent positions were closed out in Pontiac,Mt. Pleasant, Muskegon and Traverse City. Mary StricklandHolmes, a consumer marketing information specialist, resignedin 1962. Her position was filled five years later when CharlineHatchett joined the staff. The CMI program was in definiteretrenchment.

Program Emphasis-Marketing programs were focusedtoward a three-pronged audience of agricultural producers,

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market firms and consumers. A 1960 plan of work pointed tothese areas of emphasis for producers: (1) interpretation ofmarket information (2) quality, grades and standards (3) salespolicies (4) market efficiency and (5) interpretation of state lawsand regulations. Education efforts with suppliers and marketfirms were directed to: (1) organization and structure of systemsand firms (2) operational efficiency, procurement, pricing anddistribution (3) financial and legal management (4) personnelmanagement (5) product and market development and (6)market technology and engineering.

Giving leadership to state marketing programs were ageconomists Don Stark, Henry Larzelere, Smith Greig, JohnFerris, Rick Hartwig, Ken Adams, Richard Wheeler, GeorgeDike, Glynn McBride, Carlton Dennis, Earl Brown and DavidCall. Call went on to become director of the Extension Serviceat Cornell and later became dean of agriculture. SpecialistGeorge Motts retired in 1960, and during the decade DavidCole, Don Ricks and Linley Juers came into agriculturaleconomics. But during this same time, seven specialists had leftMSU.

But economists held no monopoly in marketing. Specialistsfrom other departments were very much a part of the marketingeffort. Most worked with market firms of the state whether itwas cherry processing, meat packing or dairy plants. Among thestaff were Neil Webb and James Price, meats; Alvin Rippen andTed Wishnetsky, food science; Paul Krone, floriculture; andRichard Jorgenson, Henry Huber and Norman Higgins, forestproducts. At the peak, the marketing program had theequivalent of nearly 20 campus specialists. Michigan's effort gotnationwide attention.

Across the state were stationed district agents: R.F. Bittner,Orville Walker, Quentin Ostrander, Carl Hoyt, RussellMcDonald, Donald Hine and George McManus. Laterreplacements were Willard McLeod, Glen Antle and JohnTrocke. These agents worked primarily with fruit, vegetable andpotato growers, producers of horticultural specialties andChristmas trees as well as with livestock farmers and their salesand market associations.

Central to all programs were concerns for producers, marketfirms and consumers. Goals for these groups were sometimes inconflict. Farmers and growers often felt there was little theycould do to influence price and market stability. But CES staffhelped to improve marketing decisions, bolster cooperatives andmarketing organizations and set up new market channels.Agents and specialists worked with cherry growers, organizedfeeder cattle sales, set up a celery cooperative, revitalized citymarkets, established uniform grading standards and startedproduce shipping associations.

Staff also worked with processing firms, canning plants androadside markets and helped expand markets for Michiganproducts such as field beans, potatoes, cucumbers, grapes andblueberries. They helped to develop and test new products suchas juice drinks, dried cherries and potato products. All theseefforts were to be forerunners of the campaign to promote thestate's products with the slogan, "Good Things Growing inMichigan."

:--Jeu' in supermarket aisles - LansingConsumer Marketing in/onnationagent Eileen Bell handing bee/in/ormation to shopper.

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eMI agents Marjorie Gibbs andJosephine Lauryer with food retailers at

1964 industry conference.

The programs were ambitious undertakings. There had beenno precedents for such activities in marketing althougheconomists and agents alike had given limited help in themarketing arena. When times were good, demand was high andno farm surpluses loomed, growers and farmers were oftencomplacent. But when prices slid downward and the ruraleconomy dipped, there was an eager response to concerns formarketing.

Bob Kramer had organized the new thrust in the early fifties.In six months, his MSU staff had put together a progress reportfor the state legislature on the use of marketing funds. TheConsumer Marketing Information program was operational. In1960, Kramer was named to head a new Agricultural Marketingand Utilization Center. Sometime later he received a"Marketing Man of the Year" award from the AmericanMarketing Association. For nearly a dozen years the programenjoyed a series of successes. Kramer left in late 1965; and inthe decade that followed, marketing was to assume lessimportance, and by 1974 the entire effort would be combinedwith agriculture.

Consumer Marketing Information-Providing informationto consumers was a strong marketing emphasis. Few states hadbeen able to carry out as successful a program as Michigan.Miriam Kelley headed the CMI venture from the beginning in1954. She had recruited CMI agents from across the country.But in early 1959 she left the program to become state leaderand assistant director for Home Economics-Family Living.George Stachwick, who had been a district agent in the 1950's,returned to Michigan and took charge of the consumereducation program on January 1, 1961. In the interim, followingthe transfer of Ms. Kelley, specialists Mary S. Holmes, MarieFerree, Anita McMillan, Mary Zehner and John Mooreprovided program leadership. But by the end of the decade,only Zehner remained on the specialist staff as resources becamemore limited.

When the consumer program was initiated in 1954, eight CMIagents were employed in the state's urban centers. Marjorie

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Gibbs in Detroit and Ingrid Bartelli in Marquette spent theirentire tenure with the program in their initial appointments.New staff who came on in the sixties included Lvsle Hutton,Flint; Arleen Arnold, Detroit; Sheila Morley, Saginaw; SharonHall and Ada Shinabarger, Grand Rapids. Lansing agent DorisWetters transferred to the Family Living staff with Ms. Kelley.The new agent was Eileen Bell Stover.

Margaret Doughty moved from Saginaw to open a new officeto serve central Michigan from Mt. Pleasant. When RuthHunsberger resigned in 1962, the position in Traverse City wasterminated. About the same time Josephine Lawyer wasemployed to direct a new program in Pontiac. When she left in1964, the Pontiac program was combined with Detroit. The Mt.Pleasant office ceased operation in 1969. Now seven agentsremained in Detroit, Flint, Lansing, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids,Saginaw and Marquette.

SummaryA marketing program that had been in the national

limelight for some ten years was in retrenchment as thedecade drew to a close. At its height the program boasted 37professional staff in full-time equivalents. By 1969 this figure haddropped to 20. The needs had not diminished, but budgetconstraints and public support shifted Extension priorities toother areas. If something had to go, marketing appeared to beone of the options. There were those who felt that marketinghad been imposed on other staff duties.

From the beginning, the impetus for the program stemmedfrom special funds. First the federal dollars from theAgricultural Marketing Administration and then newallocations from the state legislature which provided funds forboth research and education in marketing. The special fundsfailed to keep pace with rising costs and higher staff salaries.While the marketing funds remained static, the total CESbudget nearly doubled from 1955 to 1965. With few addedfunds for the marketing program, the result was a steadycutback in staff.

The national study report of the Extension Service, "A Peopleand a Spirit," had recommended an 80-percent increase inmarketing programs across the country. It was clearly a nationalpriority. Yet, in a 1968 report, Program Director Stach wicknoted: "This recommendation is totally counter to the trend inMichigan where we have experienced approximately a 50percent drop in the marketing program staff over the past tenyears."

Truly the program had made some impressive contributions toagribusiness. But limited resources could not continue to deliverprograms with great impact to an industry that was nowapproaching nearly $2 billion in sales of agricultural products.Perhaps the time had now arrived to turn over leadership tonow much stronger commodity groups, marketing associationsand major farm organizations. Their newfound capability was inno small part due to 15 years of leadership and assistance whichhad been supplied by an innovative effort in agriculturalmarketing.

Direct marketing - Hrhan retUllfarmers' markets, road, ide andpiclc-vowr-oun [arms admnced 111 thesixties.

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Resource Development:In Full Partnership

At John F. Kennedy's presidential inauguration in 1961,he challenged: "Ask not what your country can do foryou, but what you can do for your country." His

charismatic leadership was followed by Lyndon B. Johnson's"Great Society." A multitude of new programs seemed to bematched by a deepening involvement of a war in Vietnam. Itappeared a national guilt complex was being solved by renewedefforts for social welfare.

110

The production miracle of farms and industry to win theunpopular war gave way to painful adjustments of inflation,surpluses and, once again, low farm prices. The nation wasstruggling with community concerns of education, housing,transportation, building expansion and the snatching up offarmland and open space. There was new concern for theenvironment and a search for answers to problems that had noprecedence. After all, America was a land of abundant andseemingly, limitless resources.

Cooperative Extension's long-time expertise in agriculture wasalso producing some predictable but painful side effects. Excessproduction meant a steady exodus from rural areas. The familyfarm was trading a philosophy of farming as a way of life forthe economic realities of business survival. Now that technologywas dictating more and more farm management decisions,human expressions often turned to community concerns. Thesewere not driven by technology but by the emotions of people.Citizens had to believe that their contribution could make adifference in their own lives and those of their children. Thenext generation would be in a world much more complex inwhich pollution, safety, environment, water quality, ecology,even population would become prime considerations.

Director Paul Miller's leadership of the fifties provided thebasis for some philosophical changes in priorities of theExtension Service. As a sociologist, he had become acutelyaware of "people problems." The Michigan director had headeda subcommittee of the Extension Committee on Policy (ECOP)on program scope and responsibility for CES. Three salientareas of emphasis were included in the committee's 1958"Scope" report:

1. conservation and development of natural resources2. community improvement and resource development3. public affairs

Ten years later, a joint study committee published "A Peopleand a Spirit" and recommended "major expansion of activity inprograms dealing with social and economic development andquality of living." Extension had clear mandates.

When Director N.P. "Pat" Ralston named specialist W.J."Bill" Kimball to provide leadership for a new

Community Resource Development program in 1959, there werenew directions. Kimball, a specialist in resource development,retained his assignment and also gave state leadership to a newarea which often had obscure boundaries. After four years hewas succeeded by Duane Gibson, director of MSU's Institute forCommunity Development. Gibson's joint appointment withExtension was a new direction and designed to promotecooperative programming. MSU's Community Development

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Institute had been funded by a Kellogg Foundation grant. Boththe institute and CES had a common interest in the bettermentof Michigan communities. But programming "for pay" and "forfree" produced some conflicts. Joint ventures could work. In theU.P.'s rural development project, CES and ContinuingEducation staff had worked side by side with few "turf'problems. Most of those appeared to be in East Lansing.

District Agents Appointed-Emmet CEO John Hodge wasnamed the first district agent for Community ResourceDevelopment in 1961. He was assigned to Emmet and threeother northern Michigan counties. In October 1962, CharlesKaufman, CEO in Livingston County, was transferred to adistrict CRD assignment for southeast Michigan. When he wenton an assignment to Nigeria, Eugene Dice was given the districtassignment with headquarters in Flint. In January 1965, LuceCEO Ray Gummerson was moved to the U.P. Extension Centerin Marquette to serve as district agent and provide leadership toresource development for the Upper Peninsula.

When Kaufman returned from Nigeria in 1966, he wasassigned as a statewide zoning specialist with an office at MSUbut retained his title of district agent. The next year, BoydWiggins also returned from Nigeria to be a district agent insouthwest Michigan. Shortly after, Dice moved from Flint tobecome a campus specialist, and he was replaced by foresterJames Neal who also had been a Luce County agent. The statenow had five "District Natural Resource Agents." They heldthis title until 1969 when the program title again becameResource Development.

Program Redirections-At mid-decade there were someabrupt program shifts. It was "back to basics." The broad, oftenfar-ranging community development efforts now took secondplace to a renewed emphasis on the development andmanagement of the natural resources. CES had come undersome criticism for entering the arena of community action,public affairs, economic development, planning and zoning.Education was construed by some as policy making. For manynorthern counties it was water, land, forests and wildlife andnot agriculture that provided the economic base.

In the administrative reshuffle of 1965, program directorDuane Gibson left Extension to return to the Institute forCommunity Development. District director Einer Olstrom wasnamed to head a newly titled "Natural Resource Program."County directors in 21 northern counties were now known as"County Extension Natural Resource Agents."

For the remainder of the 1960's, subjects such as forestry,fisheries/wildlife, soil conservation, land use and tourismdominated program priorities. Veteran forestry specialists LesterBell and Roy Skog and soil conservationist Russ Hill providedstatewide leadership. With them were Charles Shick in wildlifemanagement and Robert George in conservation education.Louis Twardzik came on in park management, later to head anew department. Robert Mclntosh, Gladys Knight and ClareGunn conducted the state's tourism efforts.

Joining the staff to give added resources were George Graffand E.T. Van Nierop in soil conservation, Melvin Koelling and

Resource management's man)' fOnTIS

included Geiger counters to detect

ent'ironmental pollution. Here. radioactit'e

anrnic traces chemical u'red killer.

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Henry Huber in forestry and forest products. Coming toresource development were David Millstein, Eugene Dice andLeighton Leighty.

Soil and Water Conservation-The Extension Service was aprime mover in the establishment of the state's soil conservationdistricts. While much of the effort occurred in the fifties, by1969 there were 84 districts in 82 counties. Agents frequentlyserved as the secretary of a local district board. Russ Hill firstbecame a soil conservation specialist in 1945. In 1950, he alsobecame secretary to the state Soil Conservation Committee andheld this post for more than 20 years. His associate, "Win"Harrison from 1956-62, was killed in a tragic auto accident. Inaddition to staffers Van Nierop and Graff, other colleagues insoil conservation were Eckhardt Dersch and Donald Schaner.

Under Michigan's Public Law 566, a total of 140 watersheddistricts were formed. Extension staff worked with the SoilConservation Service in the establishment of these districts.Special accomplishments were made with the Jordan Riverwatershed and the Au Sable watershed in Roscommon-Crawford. John Hodge and Charlevoix CEO Ed Rebman gaveleadership to the Jordan River development.

Land Use Education-Competition for land has been acontinual process in Michigan. As cities moved in urban sprawland industry moved into rural areas, thousands of acres weretaken out of agriculture and farming. Land utilization was aconcern for all rural areas and local communities. The topicdated to the thirties and the creation of MSU's ConservationInstitute. For 20 years land use was a major focus of theinstitute and the Department of Land and Water Conservation.Stalwarts like Russell Hill, William Kimball, Louis Wolfangerand Frank Suggitt were pioneers in the area.

A State Land Use Education Committee was formed in 1966with Bill Kimball as the chairman. It was made up of 12 MSUExtension Service administrators, specialists and agents. Servingwith Kimball were Arthur Mauch, Eugene Dice, George Graff,Charles Kaufman, Richard Bell, Einer Olstrom, Ken Busby,Lynn Robertson, Boyd Wiggins, Alvin House and Harry Lund.

Many excellent publications and materials were developed. ByJune 1968, 20 workshops involving 38 counties were conducted.Michigan's program was awarded second place in the state'sadult education creativity contest. Land use educationworkshops continued in 1969 with 23 counties and multi-counties scheduled.

"Land use changes will continue to take place at anaccelerated pace," Program Leader Olstrom reported in 1968."Community leaders are hungry for development information."There was a ground swell of interest in rural zoning andcommunity planning. Soil scientist Louis Wolfanger was one ofthe state's experts in zoning. Agent "Charlie" Kaufman haddeveloped a recognized specialty in planning and zoning. Heprovided statewide leadership in the area. As many CES agentscould attest, educational efforts in zoning could often lead tocontroversy. While great strides have been made in ruralzoning, a single trip through rural Michigan gives mootevidence that much remains to be done.

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The Coming of the Coho-When Michigan's Department ofConservation successfully planted salmon in Lake Michigan, thestate's fisheries teemed with excitement. When the salmon runbegan, there was an exodus like the days of the Gold Rush.Places like Manistee and Thompson's Creek in the U.P. wereoverrun. There were demands for parking, housing, sanitaryfacilities, docks, boating facilities, marinas, charter boat fishingand all the attendant gear required for lake fishing.

The influx of fishermen was like immigration to a newfoundland. How could small towns along the Manistee, Platte andMuskegon rivers capitalize on this new bonanza? District AgentsHodge and Gummerson made trips to Washington's PacificCoast where fishermen had lived with salmon runs for years.Wiggins and Neal visited Florida to get ideas for establishingcharter boat businesses. Dozens of meetings were held withsportsmen's groups, tourist associations, Chambers of Commerceand the Department of Conservation. In one year over 9,000people attended nearly 100 meetings which resulted from thenew sport of fishing for the Coho.

New Forces Appear-As the sixties continued, new federalsocial welfare and community development programs wererampant. State and local governments and existing agencieswere bombarded with an avalanche of new programs. Someobservers suggested perhaps this was part of the nation's"balancing act" for the war guilt complex of Vietnam.

The new programs generated two significant reactions. First,there was a need for the CES to respond. Some provided fundsto enhance ongoing programs and agencies. This, of course,influenced the direction of programs already in place. Secondly,many of the new federal initiatives set up whole neworganizations that, in some cases, were in competition withmore traditional educational activities. The avalanche of federalendeavors also caused real concerns. Dollars for communityimprovement made the new programs attractive. Money wouldget things done! Gifts, grants, loans and agency staff encouragedalmost all levels of government and organizations to get into theproposal writing business. How could needs be documented sothat projects might be funded? CES often agonized as to aproper role of educational organization in this environment.

Rural Development (RD), then Rural Area Development(RAD) and still later (ARA) Area RedevelopmentAdministration poured out of Washington. One U.P. observercommented: "We've been studied, surveyed and analyzed, nowwhat we need is some real help!" More new programs camealong. So formidable was the force of government that theExtension Service was hard-pressed to merely be sufficientlyinformed to help interpret the far-flung programs. RAD andARA programs spawned Technical Action Panels (TAP) andCommunity Action Programs (CAP). A U.P. effort becameU.P.CAP and one for northern Michigan was NORCAP.

Through this alphabetical maze of programs, action panelshelped develop county "Overall Economic Development Plans."Hundreds of committees were organized, and dozens of studieswere completed. Some staff concluded that the period wasmarked by more activity than results! In 1966, USDA SecretaryOrville Freeman said, "We are determined to revitalize and

XcU era In ,ports fiShing fal/ouedintroduction of salmon in Lake \li.:higan.

Extc",wn maTlne agents helped in

eJu.:atwnal efforts.

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Traaitional outdoor needs continued inthe face of rural area development.

recapitalize rural America." If new programs were a criterion,there may have been success.

Help for Communities-Extension programs in the earlysixties saw a greatly expanding role for county staffs to respondto a myriad of community problems. The often heated issues ofzoning, governmental reorganization, industrial developmentand other community concerns caused many traditionalExtension supporters to have second thoughts about this newcommunity development emphasis. Many such issues swirled incontroversy. By 1965 the concerns had reached the statelegislature. Some legislators thought an Extension Service wasnot to be involved in matters of public policy. While CESworkers were attempting to be informers rather than advocates,they often were cast as the latter.

In the 1962 plan of work, Program Leader Kimball and hisstaff outlined priorities in public affairs education, leadershiptraining, expanding agricultural business and tourismopportunities and public recreational development. The agendaalso included rural planning and zoning and communityorganization. On the resource side the emphasis was on landuse, soil and water conservation, forestry, forest products andwildlife conservation.

Economist Arthur Mauch brought a new human resourcesdevelopment program on line. Sociologists Edward Moe,Sheldon Lowry and Chris Sower focused on communityorganization and social action.

In 1965, Kimball was instrumental in organizing the firstnational CRD workshop at MSU. He was largely a "one-manband" for CRD until 1969 when Manfred Thullen came toresource development from North Carolina. In other areas,Louis Twardzik provided leadership for recreationaldevelopment in park management and in 1969 became the firstchair of the new Department of Park and Recreation Resources.Robert Mclntosh got national attention for programs in tourismdevelopment and management. New specialists included AlvinHouse in agricultural economics, Eugene Dice and LeightonLeighty in resource development and Uel Blank who movedfrom the U.P. with a joint appointment in MSU's Institute forCommunity Development.

Rural Development-Extension educational programs todevelop rural areas began in 1955. Rural development had goalsboth to expand community resources of an area and also bringin new ones. The Upper Peninsula was designated as a RuralDevelopment area. A grant of $27,840 provided for staff andoperations.

Daniel W. Sturt was selected as the leader for the newproject. CES and MSU's Continuing Education Service pooledresources to sponsor the new effort. Sturt had come fromWisconsin as a specialist in public policy. In the new U.P.project he held a joint appointment with Continuing Education.The initial plan was to employ four Continuing Educationpersonnel in education, community development, labor andindustrial relations and traffic safety. In the final plan, threecounties were selected as pilot counties. Agents John Campanain Alger, Joe Heirman in Delta and Glen Somerfeldt in

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Mackinac provided the leadership. Frank Suggitt, head ofresource development department, had responsibility for ruraldevelopment effort for the entire state. With the specialemphasis placed upon it, the new U.P. project spawned acoordinated effort in off-campus programs that was to capturenational attention.

Sturt remained at the U.P. helm three years. In 1961, he wasreplaced by Uel Blank who came from Minnesota. After Blank'sdeparture, A.S. Mowery was named the U.P. district director tohead the multiplicity of studies and development projects whichappeared. The U.P. staff continued to develop a number ofprojects that had been an outgrowth of the initial ruraldevelopment efforts. Some were in conjunction with MSU'sContinuing Education division. Personnel were, for a time,housed on the Northern Michigan University campus.

Rural Manpower Center-Michigan State's Rural ManpowerCenter, reportedly the first in the nation, was established inSeptember 1965. The center was recommended by the StateCommission on Migrant Labor. A special appropriation wasmade for Extension to develop the program. The focus was aknowledge center to search out information related to ruralmanpower with data used to upgrade Michigan's farm laborforce.

Dan Sturt was named to head the center in the Departmentof Aricultural Economics. He had been a district Extensiondirector in the U.P., headed the U.P.'s rural developmentproject and later spent two years in Pakistan with the FordFoundation. He was the director of the center from 1965-70,which at one time had eight CES staff members. The staffincluded home economist Annette Schaeffer; Allen Shapley andDavid Armsmtrong were labor economists, Frank Bobbitt wasthe education-training specialist. Also included were agriculturalengineers Stevens Bolen and Howard Doss. G. Ed Rossmiller,James Shaffer and Lawrence Witt gave expertise in publicpolicy. Later, economists James Booth and Collette Moser wereadded.

Sturt left after five years, and Shapley briefly headed thecenter until it was combined with more of a public policy focus.Some years later, three manpower agents were placed incounties to pilot a program for determining local labor needsand available workers. (This is detailed in the 1970's.)

More Changes Appeared-In April 1969, the NaturalResources program was again renamed. It was now known as"Resource Development." This provided an added opportunityto expand programs into human resource and leadershipdevelopment, community organization and areas which couldprovide better response to the many state and federal programsthat affected everyone. Titles of the district agents were changedto "District Extension Leaders-Resource Development." Theysoon became known at "DEL's."

Districts served by these agent leaders averaged more than 20counties. It was evident that some new system be initiated.Subject areas of resource development were so diverse andvaried from community to community that it was not practicalto develop specific subject content for each leader, but rather

Perennial _,,'mhol of land use - gamemanagement in the PUiJllC interesL

---------------------------- --- -- ----

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EUcn.llOll program.1 cnhanced the..t;TOU ch of L·ampinR. lampgrol(nd.~ and

THral Tt..'CTt..'atWJ1.

specialized organization and planning. This process involvedMSU specialists, agency resource people and local officials andleaders. It provided county staffs access to many subject contentareas needed to program in the broad areas of community andresource development. The district leaders were the catalysts.This technique was later used in manpower, public affairs andcommunity health programs.

The Upper Great Lakes Regional Commission-Thenorthern counties of Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesotabordering on the Great Lakes have many similar problems. Theeffects of out-migrations, limited agricultural potential, distancefrom high population centers, shortages of industry and jobswere common concerns. The area also has an abundance ofnatural resources to attract greater development in mining,forestry, tourism and recreation.

Forty-four northern Michigan and Upper Peninsula countiescombined with 37 northern counties in Wisconsin andMinnesota to make a designated Great Lakes area. A citizens'committee was formed to identify the problems and potentials.TAP agencies, university staff members and industryrepresentatives were used by the committee in its quest forinformation. The result was the Upper Great Lakes Projectwhich ran for more than five years.

In 1965 an agreement was signed between USDA and theExtension Service providing funds to cover expenses of citizenmembers attending meetings of a Northern Great LakesResource Development Committee. Funds were contributed byUSDA agencies.

Through special funding from the Federal Extension Service,there was an Extension staff representative from each of thethree states. John Hodge, district Extension natural resourceagent, was the Michigan delegate.

Many projects were funded to be carried out in the tri-statearea. Two funded in Michigan included a Northern BeefDemonstration Center near Chatham and the Forest ProductsMill at Newberry. Hodge gave leadership to this projectthroughout the entire life of the commission, which was headedby the governors of the three states.

Rural Defense Education-Following the war in Korea andthe beginnings of an uneasy peace in the Far East, the sixtiesbrought renewed interest in civil defense. In 1963 federal grantsto CES provided for rural defense education. Victor L. Stine, aformer Indiana agent, was employed to coordinate the newprogram. The mandate to the Extension Service was to "educaterural people for emergency family action in time of disaster."

During the life of the project, thousands of printed materialswere developed, including a Rural Defense Handbook. Stineand his assistants held hundreds of meetings and produceddozens of educational aids to alert people to cope with nucleardisaster. Audiences were often apathetic. Staff assigned ratherlow priority to the effort. Notwithstanding, thousands ofMichigan people were made aware of the potential dangers andhow they might survive not only wartime but natural disasters.

In 1966, Stine was named to head a Midwest regional defense

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education project to be headquartered at MSU. The stateprogram was then headed by Lester Bollwahn who had workedwith Stine. Federal funds were discontinued in 1968 and theproject was terminated.

EconomicDevelopment DistrictsUnder a variety of Public Acts in the late sixties, groups of

counties could organize economic development districts(EDD). They were regional planning units administered throughthe U.S. Department of Commerce. In Michigan, the supportagency was the Michigan Department of Commerce. Thedistricts, like Extension, received funds from federal, state andlocal sources. EDD's requested assistance from virtually allagencies, including CES. They sought grants but acceptedservices, data, and ideas to build another bureaucratic structure.

Another agency in the decision-making arena caused concernfor established public bodies and educational institutions. Manyleaders felt the EDD's were in direct competition with existingagencies.

With a long record of impartial assistance, Extension workedwith county and area communities to help the new systemfunction in area planning. The EDD's came to stay and werestill operating after 15 years.

As the 1960's ended in a flurry of protest and controversyover America's involvement in Vietnam, interest in publicaffairs zoomed upward. Agricultural economics specialists hadput together the Kellogg Young Farmers' Leadership project. BillKimball was one of the group's coordinators. There was arenewed demand for training in community organization andleadership. Art Mauch had become nationally prominent as aleader in farm policy. But his insights gave policy implicationsfar beyond the farm.

Ag economist Alvin House came on board in 1963 and laterbecame an expert in public affairs, particularly in localgovernment. Dan Sturt returned from Nigeria to head the RuralManpower Center. On the drawing board was a proposal for"New Horizons," a project for training community leaders.Public affairs were assured of a place in future programming.

SummaryThe 1960's saw Community Resource Development (and

its other titles) evolve as a full partner in Extensionprograms. Emphasis vacillated between "community" and"resources." By 1965, resources were equated with thoseoccurring naturally; i.e., land, water, forests and wildlife. Fouryears later, the program's title shifted to "ResourceDevelopment" to include both natural and human resources.But some inevitable confusion remained. Was resourcedevelopment the broader spectrum of the state Extension

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Family Living:New NameNew Emphasis

Miriam J. Kelln headed FamilyLi"ing programs from 1959 to 1964.

She came to Michigan in 1954 to

mastermind the new consumerinformation program.

program or the somewhat narrower parameters of the disciplinesof campus departments carrying the same name?

By whatever name or title, the program was well establishedas the decade ended. It had become a major thrust forExtension. Resource development was due for still another namechange a few years later. Irrespective of title, the program'sbroad range of subject matter in natural resources, conservation,public policy and community development was probably bestdescribed by Duane Gibson when he once defined the programas "the residual of the categories!"

As the 1960's began, Extension programs for Michiganfamilies began to shed old and familiar labels. "HomeDemonstration Work" ended a 45-year history. Leona

McLeod had retired in 1959 as the last state "H.D." leader. Hersuccessor was Miriam J. Kelley who had headed ConsumerMarketing. The February 1 appointment that year was as"Assistant Extension Director-Home Economics." Kelleyentitled her first annual report under the heading "FamilyLiving."

The decade would bring frequent change. New titles would beamong them. So would leadership. Three state leaders guidedthe program from 1960-69. In succession they were Kelley, LoaWhitfield and Lois Humphrey. "Fast-changing patterns of livingof modern-day families will create many problems," Extension's1958 Scope and Responsibility Report had concluded. A majorshift was the rapid increase of outside-the-home employment forwomen. The 1960 plan of work noted that "families wantanswers that nobody knew yesterday, but that someone mustknow tomorrow."

Miriam Kelley provided five years of innovative leadership towhat was now the Home Economics-Family Living program.The two program labels were used interchangeably; sometimesthey appeared vice versa. Eventually the term "family living"would prevail. Ms. Kelley had come from Kentucky to head oneof the nation's first Consumer Marketing Information programs.In a matter of months, she had assembled a staff from allaround the country. Consumer information became an integraland very visible part of Extension efforts in every major urbanarea. At the end of 1964, she left to join MSU's project inNigeria. On March 1, 1965, she was replaced by Loa Whitfield,who had come to a special project in the U.P. from a positionas state leader in Ohio. Less than three years later, shesuccumbed to cancer. The state position was again vacant forthe third time in nine years.

More changes came in 1965. In a major reorganization andstaff cut, all field positions were shifted. "Extension HomeEconomics" programs had appeared only briefly. So had thetitles of "County Extension Agents-Home Economics." In therestructure, the agents became "Extension Home Economists." Ithas remained ever since. Few were sorry to see the old label go.No longer were home economists either "demonstrators" or"home agents." However, with nearly 20 positions dropped, allthe home economists were placed on multi-county assignments.

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Area Programs-Like their 4-H colleagues, all homeeconomists were placed in one of 31 areas of two, three, evenfour or five counties. Programs were conducted on an areabasis, with area home councils and advisory committees. Theattempt was to place the limited staff resources equitably. Areaprogramming continued until the early 1970's. Budgets weregradually restored, and staff were reassigned to single counties.For the less-populated counties of the north, the area concepthas continued to the present.

New Leadership-Following Ms. Whitfield's untimely death,Lois Humphrey came from Colorado to become programdirector for what was now to be "Family Living Education."There were numerous other staff changes as the decadeunfolded. Program leaders in 1960 were Marjorie Eastman,Florence Rann and Ruth Peck. Marian Hermance was aprogram coordinator in the U.P .. Eastman retired in 1961; anda year later, Hermance accepted a position at Ohio State.Margaret Jacobson came from Minnesota to give leadership toU.P. programs from 1963-65. She later joined the College ofHome Economics faculty. Gertrude "Trude" Nygren of MSU'shome economics faculty, was named program leader whenFlorence Rann moved to the University of Wisconsin. Lansingconsumer agent Doris Wetters was appointed to Kelley's stateprogram staff in 1963 and served until she went on study leavein 1965. She was to return ten years later as the state leader.Ruth Peck, who had guided many projects including the annualCollege Week, retired as program leader in 1966.

Mrs. Whitfield selected Anne Kinsel (Wolford) and BettyKetcham as program leaders when Wetters left and Nygrenreturned to teaching. Following Ruth Peck's retirement, PearlWinterfeldt was employed as a program leader. She had workedin Extension in Washington State and Oklahoma. OnlyKetcham remained on the FLE staff beyond 1969. When Ms.Humphrey was appointed the new program director, homeeconomists Alice Epple and Arvella Curtis moved from countypositions to be program leaders for Family Living.

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Program leaders Anne Wolford, Berr)Kercham and Ruth Peck '''irh FamihLiling director Loa 'X'hirfield uhofolloud Ms. Kelle~.

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Lois Humphre:v, named the new FLEprogram director in 1968, conferring with

local leaden.

Home management specialist LucileKetchum planning programs with home

economists.

State program staff provided liaison with many groups andorganizations and the Michigan Association of ExtensionHomemakers (MAEH). While MAEH had once been theprogram's primary audience, efforts now moved to numerousother groups. In the early sixties, all programs had beencoordinated through district directors. Following thereorganization, Family Living programs were coordinated on alimited basis through field operations. Program leaders offeredthe link with the campus specialists.

In 1960, Family Living had 11 full-time specialists in foodsand nutrition; home management and child development;textiles, clothing and related arts and landscape architecture.The number remained fairly constant during the decade.

Specialists active in the 1960's included Bernetta Kahabka,Dorothy Erler (Blank) and Helena Penalis in clothing andtextiles. In home management were Eunice Pardee, LucileKetchum and Coral Morris. Ben Neal Ard and Lennah Backuswere specialists in child development while foods and nutritionhad Anita Dean and Roberta Hershey.

Retirements and resignations in the sixties brought 15replacements to these staffs. Coming on the CES staff werePortia Morris, Muriel Brink and Marilyn Mook in foods andnutrition; William Marshall and Eugene Peisner in childdevelopment and family ecology. In home management andhome furnishings were Georgianne Baker, Patricia Klobe,Barbara Ferrar and Anne Field. New clothing/textiles staff wereMargaret Reed, Jean Schubel, Judy Starn, Margaret Boschettiand Sue Kuehne. Program leaders Margaret Jacobson (Bubolz)and Gertrude Nygren both returned to the specialist staff in1965 and later moved to the teaching faculty until retirement.

Of the 15 program and specialist staff employed in the sixties,by 1969 only six remained. Nine took jobs in other states, andeight moved to other MSU assignments. The decade, markedby shifts in staff, titles, assignment and leadership, severelytested the Family Living efforts.

As the sixties ended, there were 57 home economists, 15 statestaff and 123 ENP aides. Long-time home economists whoretired in the 1960's included Clara Hay and Lilas Frost,Genesee; Margaret Foster, Shiawassee; Mary Bullis, Allegan;Margaret Linsell, Kalamazoo; Clemma Lenehan, Arenac; RuthMcIlray, Isabella; Grace Mitchell, Midland; Emma Reinbold,Emmet; Dorothy Scott, losco, and Terese Tordt in Calhoun.

Programs of the Sixties-Extension's "Scope andResponsibility" study and report of the late 1950's listed FamilyLiving as one of nine major priorities for the years ahead. "Theultimate goal," one section concluded, "is the development ofcitizens who are conscious of their obligations to communityand nation, and of family units that give members a highdegree of stability and emotional security." Looking ataudiences, the report noted the need to reach younghomemakers, working mothers, young parents, the elderly andretired. As late as 1958 the needs of the low-income,underprivileged and those with limited resources had not yetbecome apparent.

In the "action plans" of the 1960 plan of work, these were

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listed as program priorities:• human relations, parent education, child development• family finances• home management and work simplification• wise purchasing, selecting value goods• housing and home furnishings• selecting home equipment• developing good citizenship• clothing care and management• food marketing, effective use of resources• healthful eating, improved nutrition• developing homemaker competence• health and safety in the home

In 1963, Director "Pat" Ralston asked program directors toproject "Future Directions for Educational Programs." TheFamily Living staff listed these:

• Help families develop and use the abilities and capacitiesof each individual for productive living.

• Help families make use of goods and services and otherresources.

• Help families contribute toward community socialimprovement.

Ten years after the "Scope" report, a group of national leadersproduced the results of a similar study in "A People and aSpirir.:" A major goal, strongly underscored, was one ofimprovement of the quality of living. The committee suggestedthat the disadvantaged and "young marrieds" should he priorityaudiences. Programs should have four goals:

• Enhance the quality of decisions.• Increase ability to interact effectively with others.• Strengthen the ability to effectively utilize and influence

community services.• Enhance social, economic and geographic mobility.

This report also noted that "the approach of 4-H and homeeconomics must be broadened even more beyond the traditionalhomemaker councils and 4-H clubs." The study committeerecommended that "at the minimum, CES programs of youthand family education should be doubled by 1975 and that newrelationships with other agencies be developed.!" The reportalso pointed to maximum help for the "alienated anddisadvantaged" by reallocating some resources now being usedfor middle- and upper-class clientele.

Expanded NutritionProgram-A New ThrustSome of the "Spirit Report" challenges were to come true-

but perhaps not in the way many expected. In the waningdays of the LBJ administration in 1968, Congress voted toappropriate funds from overseas food exports for a mammothnutrition education effort-the Expanded Nutrition Program(ENP). The total exceeded $50 million. Extension was delegated

Specialist Anne Field, far right, conductsli"ing room class In kitchen storage.

Safe food presenutwn - alums u goal of,specialist Anira Dean, here u'ith Extension

h"m~ economllt Man Wahl.

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Young homemakers learn storage principle5from specialm Eunice Pardee.

Urban audiences expanded greail» in thesixties. June Sears, Wayne Counrv home

economist, teache.1 a Detroit group.

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to manage it. In Michigan, the new effort was assigned toFamily Living under Lois Humphrey.

Washtenaw EHE Alice Epple was transferred in 1969 to headENP in Michigan. She resigned to accept a CES position inOregon. 4-H geared up for a youth component in ENP, asspecified in the federal grant; and C.H. "Jake" Wamhoff, former4-H agent who had recently joined state 4-H staff, brieflyreplaced Epple. He served part-time with Betty Ketcham until4-H agent Jerry Halm of Kalamazoo became ENP coordinator in1970.

ENP was clearly one of the major additions to Family Living.It would forever alter future programs. Its philosophy and modeof operation would also have impact on the total ExtensionService.

In the ENP appropriations, federal funds were allocated onthe basis of the percentage of poor in each state's population.Michigan got nearly $1.5 million in the first year. That amountequaled the total budget then allocated to all of Family Living.

There were two key provisions which gave impetus toCES to make the first major effort to reach the

disadvantaged. Recipients of the nutrition program had to below-income families, and program aides were to be employedwherever possible from local neighborhoods. At first, fundscould be used only for salaries of aides or other"paraprofessionals." By mid-1969, some 136 aides were employedin 16 counties.

Employment of aides added a new dimension in staffing, notonly for Family Living but for other programs as well.Untrained women, indigenous to the area, were selected towork one-on-one or in small groups with low-income families.They were not volunteers. They were paid to work 20, 30 or 40hours a week. They attended hundreds of training sessions andproduced some truly remarkable results. Many had not finishedhigh school, many were single parents and most were minoritiesfor programs in Detroit, Flint, Pontiac, Kalamazoo, GrandRapids and Lansing.

Management of a brand new program with a budget of morethan $1 million and hiring more than 100 new staff was nosimple task. By mid-1969, the program had employed 136 aides.

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A year later the program was moving in 20 counties with nearly4,000 families enrolled. In addition to the aides, 38 studentassistants were employed. Nutrition made a difference. In thefirst year there were literally hundreds of "success stories." ENPhad been well launched and in future years it was to becomeand remain one of Family Living's major priorities.

The employment of program assistants or aides caught on. In4-H, assistants helped in inner-city centers, operating camps,managing gardens or as leaders. In agriculture, assistants wereemployed with local funds to collect soil samples, work incounty laboratories or answer home and gardening calls.Trained assistants could take over much of the routine. Acollege degree was not essential for many aspects ofprogramming. There were other payoffs. It raised individuals'self-esteem-aides or assistants completed high school, someearned degrees. They got off welfare rolls and found new jobs.The aides also gained access to minority and low-income groupsand provided insights for programs heretofore undiscovered.Family Living undertook hundreds of activities and reachedthousands of people through their assistants. The ExpandedNutrition Program was to make an indelible mark on allExtension programs.

New Directions-For most of their 50 years, home economicsor family living programs had been quite traditional. Theaudience was largely rural, middle-class older white women. Inmany counties the program was carried out through groups orclubs. Women "joined" an Extension homemaker organization.

Family Living now was changing. County staff worked with

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Acting Director George Mcintyre, secondfrom right, led legislative panel at 1966

College Week with Sen. RaymondDzendzel, Farm Bureau legislative counsel

Dan Reed, newsman William Baird andPhoebe Judson of Ann Arbor.

dozens of organizations and groups. They allied with the schoolsor social agencies. They developed new groups, then trainedleaders to run them. Dozens of new activities were offered inthe suburbs, in public housing, in low-income areas and incenter city. While leaders were more difficult to identify, orconvince to serve, hundreds came forth and helped expandprogram efforts.

A host of new problems surfaced-some because of the times,others as a product of the city and lower economc levels: drugand alcohol abuse, divorce and abandonment, unbelievablehealth and sanitation conditions, substandard housing and livesin turmoil. Family living mounted programs to improvenutrition and health, foster care, child centers, resourcemanagement, do-it-yourself repairs. They organized groups suchas "Operation Grandmother," established young homemakermeetings and got men involved in many activities.

There were programs for Indians in Isabella and the U.P., formigrant families in Michigan's "fruit belt," and for a blackcommunity in Lake County. Bilingual aides worked in Spanish-speaking areas of Detroit, Grand Rapids and Lansing. Aneducational program could not consist of counselors, socialworkers or friends-of-the-court, but CES staff could help familieslearn how to access the array of human services available. Theydid. In the sixties, hundreds of anecdotes detailed the effect ofeducation, a desire to help and a staff that was known "tocare."

Among the staff who provided leadership to new andinnovative efforts were Alice Epple, Betty Ketcham, MurielBrink and Portia Morris in the nutrition program. SpecialistsLucile Ketchum, Georgianne Baker, Anne Field and MargaretJacobson helped in home management. Assisting were family lifespecialists William Marshall, Lennah Backus and EugenePeisner.

County home economists generated hundreds of new learningopportunities as many programs moved from farm to city-JuneSears, Janet Voorheis and Kathleen Bufton in Detroit; IreneOtt, Flint; Rosalie Howley and Janet Kurth, Oakland; MaryHardy, Macomb and Alfreda McGuire in Grand Rapids.

ACWW Meets at MSU-In 1968, Michigan women hostedan international event. Over 2,500 delegates to the AssociatedCountry Women of the World attended their twelfth triennialconference at MSU. Before leaving for Nigeria in 1965, stateleader Miriam Kelley and the Michigan Association ofExtension Homemakers had extended the invitation to theinternational group. Special greetings were sent by MSUPresident Hannah and Michigan Governor George Romney.

Committees from the U.S. organization were more than ayear planning the high-level event. Program leader AnneWolford supervised local arrangements for the U.S. steeringcommittee. The president of the world group, Ms. Aroti Dutt ofIndia, visited the campus in 1967 and returned for theconference in September of the following year.

Delegates attended from over 50 countries. When Gov.Romney could not extend a welcome to the group, Lt. Gov.William Milliken filled in. Later, on opening day, Romney made

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a surprise appearance and was given a standing ovation. Mrs.Romney, the state's first lady, also was a conference speaker.General sessions were held in Jenison Fieldhouse.

It was a spectacular event. USA Day in the fieldhousefeatured participants from 32 countries and an address hy Mrs.Eugenia Anderson, special assistant to the Secretary of State.She carried a special message from President Lyndon B.Johnson. Other speakers included MSU President Hannah, EarlButz of Purdue and Charles Shuman, president of the AmericanFarm Bureau. A review of the conference was published inEngland for distribution to all delegates.

The conference logistics were immense. When campus foodservices backed away from a chicken barbecue for 10,000 onUSA Day, President Hannah himself interceded. The ACWWconclave was clearly one of the most ambitious projectsundertaken by the Family Living staff in the sixties or anyother decade. It was a stellar accomplishment.

SummaryAs the sixties drew to a close, program director Lois

Humphrey had a staff of three state program leaders, tenspecialists and 57 EHE's. There were also 125 ENP aides.Programs tend to follow the dollars and more and more effortwas directed to nutrition education. But for many low-incomeand disadvantaged families, nutrition was only one of thesymptoms of enormous educational need. The problems ofpoverty, drug abuse, marital breakdown were all accentuated bythe social upheaval that would have permanent impact on allthe nation's families. Much remained to be done.

'X'hUe O!'eneW programs flouri.lhed, 4, H '5

Man Woodumd coord mated international

student exchange in ~\1i(higan.

Teaching C(lTt.'t.'TS in Famih' Lit'ing - to/)icoj keen mter("lt to specwlLlt Anne 'X'olford,Ottau'a ExtmslOn dlTector R.chmdMachie/e, EHE \larg(1Tet S."dam and

Fam.h L<!'ing director Lois Humphrey

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4,H Youth:Vistas Expand

As the new decade opened, 4-H club enrollments weresteadily increasing. In 1960, over 70,000 boys and girlsparticipated in 4-H activities with the guidance of more

than 12,000 leaders. By the end of the decade, enrollmentsexceeded 100,000. Each year a declining percentage of the youthwere from the farm. Expanded programs were moving into non-farm and urban areas. There were important title changes toreflect new directions. "Boys and Girls Club Work" had become"4-H Club Work" and then "4-H Youth Development." In 1965the title became "4,H Youth programs."

Extension agents heading youth work were long known as"Club Agents" or "4-H Agents." They became "CountyExtension Agents, 4-H" in 1958. In 1965 they were designatedas "4-H Youth Agents," a title that remains.

State leader Russell G. Mawby had succeeded the legendaryA.G. "Kett" Kettunen in 1956. "Kett" had been in the statepost before his successor was born! Kettunen became stateleader in 1925 and had served for 31 years. Mawby took over atage 28.

After eight years as head of the youth programs, Mawby leftJanuary I, 1965, to join the W.K. Kellogg Foundation in BattleCreek where he has remained for nearly 20 years to become theFoundation's president.

During Mawby's term as state leader and assistant Extensiondirector, he brought on a number of new staff as programleaders including Dean Allen, Joe Waterson, Delwyn Dyer, DonStormer, William Tedrick and Maurice Voland.

Ray Ranta, program leader in the fifties, became a districtsupervisor and later went on to head 4-H programs inKentucky. Stormer left Michigan to be state 4-H leader in Texasand North Carolina. Allen moved to Washington State, andDyer joined the 4-H staff at Virginia Tech. Mollie Vasold andWaterson took positions in Hawaii. Tedrick completed a Ph.D.and became head of Extension-Research information at Texas A& M. Voland earned a doctorate in sociology and is on thefaculty of North Carolina State. Veteran staffers ArdenPeterson, Mary Woodward, Marie Wolfe and Amalie Vasoldhad worked on Kettunen's staff. Wolfe had served for 15 yearsand died an untimely death in 1964.

New Leadership-When Mawby left at the end of 1964, hisreplacement was Gordon Beckstrand of Utah. Delwyn Dyerserved as the acting state leader until Beckstrand arrivedMarch 1. On the same date, Loa Whitfield became the stateleader for Home Economics-Family Living programs.

Beckstrand, a graduate of Utah State, served as a countyagent, associate state 4-H leader and district supervisor for theUtah Extension Service. He earned his Master's degree fromCornell and Ph.D. at the University of Wisconsin ExtensionTraining Center.

Under Beckstrand's leadership, new program leaders employedincluded Lowell Rothert, J. Ray Gillespie, Melvin Thompson,Alan Snider, Charles Lang and Sigfredo (Fred) Cavazos. AgentsJack Worthington and Marvin Preston transferred to the state4-H staff. Rothert, Gillespie, Snider and Lang, along with "Bill"Tedrick, had all come to Michigan from Ohio. Lang later

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joined the Kansas staff, Snider went to Oregon and Thompsonaccepted a position with the International Farm YouthExchange in Washington, D.C.

At the Michigan 4-H Foundation, Ben West rate resigned togo with the Extension Service in Alaska. Ralph Kirch, who hadbeen an agent in Kent, left to join the National 4-HFoundation staff in Washingon, D.C. He returned in the latesixties to take charge of the Michigan Foundation and serveduntil the mid-seventies. It was a time of rapid turnover andrapid advancement. A total of 14 program leaders were hiredfrom the time of Mawby's appointment in 1956 until the end ofthe 1960's.

In 1964, Norman A. Brown was 4-H agent in Washtenaw. Hehad served a year and resigned to become coordinator ofstudent affairs with assistant dean David L. Armstrong. Hecompleted graduate work for a Ph. D. and in 1972 was tobecome the state leader of 4-H Youth programs.

4-H Youth agents of the sixties who were to join the stateprogram staff included Lowell Rothert, Genesee; Ray Gillespie,Lcnawee; C.H. "Jake" Wamhoff, Huron; Joe Waterson andMelvin Thompson, Monroe; Delwyn Dyer, Wayne; and JackWorthington, Oakland, Cass and Clare. Mitchell R. Geasler,who was to become program director for agriculture, began hiscareer in Cass and Allegan.

Veteran agents who devoted entire Extension careers in 4-Hclub work were winding up their long tenure of 25 years ormore. These included Fred Bernhardt, Ray Lamb, GouldPinney, Marvin Eppelheimer , Andrew Olson and James Halm.In 1964, Halm of Saginaw was president of the National 4-HAgents' Assocation.

Other staff came on in the early sixties to complete long

127

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Pride and presence - Inkster 4 -H leaderKeith Forbwh imtalls 4 -H signs on hi.1

mailbox.

128

careers as 4-H agents. Among them were Don Walker,Clinton/Isabella; Edward Poole, VanBuren; William Kirkpatrick,Barry; Jack Parker, Muskegon/Livingston; Andrea Ay, Oceana;Alvin Root, Shiawassee, and Willis Boss, Ottawa.

In the 1961-62 plan of work, the 4-H staff listed the majorgoals for the youth program to "develop competent, responsibleyoung adults." Objectives were stated to develop:

• intellectual potential• lasting personal values• healthy minds and bodies• interpersonal leadership

A guideline for the year's programming was the report from the1960 White House Conference on Children and Youth.

Reorganization and Retrenchment-Clouds of budgetuncertainty swirled in higher education circles in 1965. MSU'sExtension Service clearly was on the defensive. Despite the 50thanniversary triumph of a year earlier, state funds were pointedlyquestioning the continuation of an off-campus program. The4-H Youth program also came under fire. "Where," some asked,"was the rationale for an activity program for school-age youngpeople in the priorities for higher education?"

Five Extension program areas remained, but districtsupervisors were replaced by a field operations staff. Titles of allfield staff were changed to reflect a program emphasis. State 4-HYouth staff had a dual role as program leaders and countyliaison through field operations.

Approximately 35 positions were eliminated in 1965. Both 4-HYouth and Family Living programs were placed on an area ormulti-county basis. A total of 28 (later 31) two to three-county"programming units" were created. The pattern in lowerMichigan was two youth agents assigned to three counties. Inthe north, one agent was appointed for three counties. Dutieswere shared by the non-resident agents. Counties could addstaff by county grant. Some areas did have agents in allcounties, but all federal-state appointments carried the title,"Area 4-H Youth Agent."

The Upper Peninsula had six areas. Downstate, several areashad four counties; the Grand Traverse region had five. "For thefirst time," Director "Pat" Ralston explained, "all 83 countieswill be served by both a home economist and 4-H agent."Frequently, when vacancies occurred, other agents in the localoffice had picked up essential duties. The area organizationcontinued for 7-8 years. As funds became available, additionalstaff were placed in county offices. By the end of 1969, mostcounties south of the Bay City-Muskegon line had at least threeagents, including a home economist and 4-H agent.

An outgrowth of the reorganization was the coming of 4-H"program assistants." Counties which did not have a residentagent could employ program staff to work with agents oncounty youth programs. The Expanded Nutrition Program alsospeeded this trend. By 1970, some 40 counties were employingaides or assistants. Such staff, usually paid from county funds,often relieved agent staff of routine, organizational duties. Theconcept formed the basis for still another restructuring in the

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1970's. While every county never had full-time 4-H agents, anew plan would extend staff to assume help for youth programsin all parts of the state.

Volunteers, The Key-The thousands of volunteer leadersremained the key to conduct successful 4-H Youth programs.More than 10,000 leaders guided Michigan clubs throughout thesixties. State Leader Mawby had organized the first state"Leadermete" in 1957. An annual event, it has been held formore than 25 years at MSU's Kellogg Center. Special tribute ispaid to the state's leaders and members of the State 4-HAdvisory Committee. The tenth anniversary event was heldMarch 4-16, 1956, and featured Mylo Downey, director of 4-Hyouth development for the Federal Extension Service.

Equal Opportunity-For much of Extension's history, thetypical 4-H member was from the farm or rural Michigan (80%),was 10-12 years old, middle class and white. Girls were two-thirdsof the participants. The Civil Rights Act resulted in some abruptchanges. In 1960, a black or Spanish-American youngster at a4-H event was a rarity. By the end of the decade nearly tenpercent of all participants were minorities. Among the programswere "Project Grow," in cooperation with Model Citiesprograms, and special activities through Community ActionPrograms and the Office of Economic Opportunity. The largest,single impetus came from the Expanded Nutrition Program.

Through grants from local United Funds, the Michigan 4-HFoundation and urban expansion funds, new programs for low-income and minority youth blossomed in Flint, Lansing,Kalamazoo, Jackson, Benton Harbor, Muskegon, Saginaw,Pontiac and Detroit. Baraga and Isabella mounted special effortsfor Indian youth. Others focused on Hispanics, particularly inmigrant labor camps. Program and summer assistants staffed thenew programs. Many were minorities. James Harden was thefirst black 4-H youth agent in Oakland. He joined the staff in1969.

Affirmative Action Plans and Equal Employment Opportunitywere orders of the day. Every county outlined plans forproviding opportunity to minority youth and means ofintegrating adults as volunteer leaders, program assistants andclerical staff. Michigan had always interpreted affirmative actionin "the spirit of the law" so that educational opportunity wasextended not only on the basis of race or creed but foreconomic disadvantage as well. Hundreds of boys and girls fromlow-income and single-parent families were able to participate indozens of new activities.

Camp Kett Opens-A new 4-H leadership developmentcenter on Center Lake near Tustin in Osceola County openedfor its first conference in May 1961. Following a successful funddrive, the $350,000 center was turned over to be managed bythe Michigan 4-H Foundation. Ben Westrate was then executivedirector for the foundation. At dedication ceremonies inSeptember 1961, foundation president J.e. Cahill turned overthe keys to the new center to Westrate and State 4-H ClubLeader Mawby. Mrs. A.G. Kettunen, widow of Michigan's long-time state leader for whom the camp was named, attended thededication. Mrs. Kettunen lived in East Lansing for many yearsfollowing "Kerr's" death in 1959.

Milon Grinnell of "Michigan Farmer" andRuth Kerrunen. widou of A. G. "Kerr"Kerrunen. dedicating Camp Kerr.

C,,\\'D :{~

!96

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Pnae ana /JrOgTe.I.1 - Camp Kett

(Ketttmcn Center) LI completea neur TU.ltin.

Statewide 4-H events continued throughout the sixties withmany conferences and training sessions held for agents, leadersand members at Camp Kett. The Junior Livestock Show washeld each December in Detroit. The "4-H State Show," had afinale in 1969 at MSU. Thereafter, the event became "4-HExploration Days." Each summer, thousands of 4-H'ers came toMSU to participate in state events and get a taste of campusliving. Exploration Days was also combined with the annual4-H Club Week each June. Nearly 5,000 teens now attend theannual event on the campus.

Each year delegates were also selected to participate in thenational 4-H Conference in Washington, D.C. The conference,with delegates from every state, meets at the National 4-HCenter. In 1965 an item in the June Communicator pictures thefour delegates. One was 18-year-old David Stockman of St.Joseph. The Berrien 4-H'er was elected as one of the nation'syoungest congressmen in 1978. Four years later, he became thesometimes controversial budget director for the ReaganAdministration.

As enrollment expanded, new projects and activities wereadded as options. Projects in conservation, handicrafts, careerexploration and self development projects were added. Moreactivities were added to adapt 4-H efforts in urban areas. Innercity emphasis was given in Flint, Detroit, Saginaw, GrandRapids, Jackson, Lansing, Battle Creek and Benton Harbor. In1969, youth programs in nutrition education were developed aspart of the new, federally-funded Expanded Nutrition Program(ENP). Targets are boys and girls from low-income families. Inthe early years of ENP, more than 20 counties conductednutrition programs for youth.

·;~;;.;!.\~l:~:·

... '}~~~.

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~-~~---

TWo years after President John Hannah had pledgedsupport of the land-grant colleges in the federal Point IVprogram, Michigan State elected to begin operations in

Colombia. In 1951, under a contract from the TechnicalCooperation Administration, staff undertook the developmentof two agricultural colleges at Medellin and Palmira. Thecontract ran until 1958 when the Kellogg Foundation took overaid to the two schools. MSU's College of Agriculture and CESstaff were instrumental in the establishment of a research stationand an Extension service.

A grant from the Ford Foundation enabled 55 MSU facultyon released time to develop a policy "Toward An InternationalDimension at Michigan State University." In 1960 thefoundation made a $1 million grant, and three years later added$1.25 million more for support of international programs.Grants and project overhead enabled the building of theUniversity International Center about the same time.

With a new climate for world affairs, campus leaders felt"more could be done to thicken the international content ofExtension and Continuing Education programs." In 1964 anOffice of International Extension was established with SheldonCherney as the first director. The College of Agriculture wasinvolved in international programs from the first projects inColombia and on Okinawa. Later came work in Brazil andCosta Rica, Pakistan and India. In 1964 the Institute ofInternational Agriculture was created, and Kirk Lawton becamethe first director. Later, the institute head also was an assistantdean in the college.

International Emphasis-In just ten years, MSU had becomea national leader in international programs. The late forties hadseen limited and sporadic interested efforts. Programs in thefifties had resounding success in building a respectedinternational capability.

Over 100 MSU faculty members were on overseas assignmentsduring 1958-59. MSU was among the top 15 U.S. universities intotal enrollment of foreign students. With more than 100 facultyoverseas, departments were often taxed to remain fully staffed.Agricultural economics appeared to have a corner ongrantsmanship and attracted dozens of foreign aid grants.Lawrence Witt, Dale Hathaway, Glen Johnson, WarrenVincent, Harold Riley, Carl Eicher and Garland Wood werenational leaders in foreign agriculture projects.

College in Colombia-Funding from the InternationalCooperation Administration ended in 1969. The projectcontinued with grants from the Kellogg and Ford Foundationsand the Colombian government. Now on board were ageconomists Leonard Kyle, Wood, Richard Wheeler and SmithGreig. Wood, E. Merle Esmay, Lynn "Bus" Robertson, JohnDownes and Kyle, along with Mason Miller and FrankMadaski, joined an MSU project in Argentina. Downes andGreig and dairy specialist Larry Johnson worked on a newventure in Brazil.

MSU's work in Colombia opened the door for the otheropportunities in Argentina and Brazil as well as Latin Americaand Mexico. In assessing the Colombia project, leaders agreed

Internationalism:Horizons Unlimited

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that the project demonstrated the ability of MSU staff todevelop educational systems and the willingness of other nationsto accept the Extension idea and the land-grant philosophy.

As the Colombia activities ended, an Argentina project beganat Balcarce. It worked with a new college of agriculture. In late1963, a survey team went to Argentina, and a contract wassigned. Director "Pat" Ralston, Kyle, Jacob Hoefer and WayneAdams were on the team early in 1965. Lawton was interimchief of party. Entomologist Robert Ruppel then took over from1966-68. Work proceeded slowly. The university and theexperiment station were still separate. The university was aprivate institution and received no government support.

MSU staff attempted to persuade the experiment station andthe national university to work together. The Extensioncapability was relatively strong. An arrangement was finallyforged between the institutions. It was accomplished in no smallpart because of the efforts of Wood, Maurice Perkins and otherson the MSU team. The Balcarce faculty later came under auniversity in Buenos Aires. This enabled the college ofagriculture to receive government support. When funding ranout, the MSU team returned to campus in 1970.

Teaching Taiwan-A coopertive effort between MSU, AIDand the Republic of China was conceived in 1958 when threeMSU professors made an initial survey in Taiwan. By mid-1960a contract was signed.

The first MSU advisor arrived in Taiwan in October.Thirteen others also went from MSU. Long-term advisorsincluded ag engineers Howard McColly and Merle Esmay whowere chiefs of party. Others were O. Donald Meaders and T.R.Bire, advisors in agricultural education; and Irving Wyeth andJack Ferver, Extension advisors. Clay Lyle was an advisor inentomology, and Extension specialist E.C. "Ed" Miller workedin animal science.

Short-term staff included Ray Cook, C.M. Harrison, E.P.Whiteside, Karl Wright and F.D. Stevens. Maurice Perkinsserved as project coordinator. Goals for the project's operationalplan were to assist in the development and strengthening ofagricultural education at the National Taiwan University atTaipei and the Taiwan Provincial College of Agriculture atTaichung. MSU staff directly advised departments of the two"ag" colleges. A soil survey of all agricultural lands in Taiwanwas begun with help from other international agencies. Surveyswere made of graduates of the schools to assist appraisals ofstudent counseling, in-service training needs, job placement,manpower utilization and curriculum improvement.

Specific research and assistance was given to the Taiwaneselivestock industry through new milk and meat processing labsand livestock barns. Ten departments in the two colleges wereprovided new building facilities through the program. Trainingsessions were held for 647 vocational agriculture teachers and500 Extension advisors, supervisors and workers. Fourteennative faculty members were given advanced training at MSU.This Extension program was planned to bring university facultyand Extension workers closer together as well as provide forresearch.

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The "Taiwan Project" was a model of MSU's internationalprograms during the early sixties. Taiwanese governmentcooperation was evident and a positive factor in the generalsuccess of the program. The total program cost was about$1 million, and project leaders agreed the money was well spent.Wyeth was later to lead the Institute for InternationalAgriculture. Miller returned to animal husbandry, and Ferverresigned to move to a position at the University of Wisconsin.

Nsukka-Adventure in Nigeria-When the new Universityof Nigeria opened after national independence in 1960, therewere 220 students. By 1964 there were 2,500, and the faculty of268 were from 17 nations. Half were native. Thirty were fromMSU. Establishing the new college in the image of the U.S.land-grant universities put MSU into one of its majorinternational efforts. When AID pledged to help, PresidentHannah agreed to help launch the new African University atNsukka and a branch at Enugu.

The new institution was built on 1,600 acres with faculties ofagriculture, engineering, education and business. MSU staffhelped establish a research station, continuing education and anExtension service. March 1, 1961, associate CES directorGeorge Axinn was named coordinator for the ambitious project.In his first year, he "commuted" to Nigeria on exploratoryvisits. In the early sixties he assembled a group of more than 30MSU faculty and staff for the new facility, the only onegranting degrees in a nation of 40 million people.

In the development, dozens of MSU faculty and CES staffhad terms of service in Nigeria. President Hannah and DeanGlen Taggart of International programs made frequent visits.Kenyon Payne, chairman of crops science, served a two-yearterm as dean of the new agricultural college. In 1964, IrvingWyeth was named associate coordinator, replacing SheldonCherney. After leaving the U.P. as assistant district director in1961, he was with MSU's Taiwan project for two years. A fewmonths later, Miriam J. Kelley, state leader of Home Economics-Family Living, joined the project. She served as advisor incontinuing education and home economics.

Many members of Michigan's CES staff served on theNigerian project-some short-term, others for two-year terms.Among staff in Africa were E.C. "Bert" Martin, Russell Mawby,Hugh Henderson, Robert Deans, Robert Fox, George Dike,Burt Cargill, Del Dyer, Charles Sheppard, Robert Lucas andJohn Shickluna. Sheppard and Boyd Wiggins, both to becomedistrict leaders in resource development, were also on the team.So was Manistee agent Norman Brown.

An outbreak of civil war in 1966 caused some apprehension,but the staff stayed on. The following year, full-scale hostilitieserupted again, and the MSU project was forced to evacuate. Abloody war then ensued over the next few years, and a newcountry of Biafra was formed. Some of the University ofNsukka was destroyed. Axinn and several project members hadto seek escape when they stayed on. When peace was restored,the university, again, resumed in the early seventies.

More Aid Abroad-Projects in Argentina, Taiwan andNigeria drew the most attention. But others were going on in

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Staff Development

134

Pakistan, India, Ghana and Korea. Dan Sturt, district directorin the U.P., left to head the Pakistan mission in 1960. Amongstaff on the project were Leyton Nelson, Glynn McBride, HenryLarzelere and Merle Esmay. Larzelere also was in Tanzaniaalong with Robert Deans. About the same time, agenr RichardSchroeder was on an AID project in Ghana.

In a national survey of international programs conducted inthe 1960's, this conclusion was drawn: "Michigan State appearsto have deliberately built upon its international activities as ameans of moving the institution up to major university status ....its pioneering efforts in internationalizing its curriculum andproviding linkages between field projects and campus learningand research could serve as models for its sister institutions inthe United States.l"

In 1949, John Stone returned from Harvard to assume anew position as staff training officer. Extension teachingand field studies provided opportunities for staff professional

improvement. Stone was named to head this effort. July 1,1957, the Institute of Extension Personnel Development (IEPD)was created in the College of Agriculture, and Stone becamethe first director. When the new institute opened that fall, 15graduate students enrolled and 87 Michigan agents wereworking toward advanced degrees. In the new teaching unit,graduate students could earn an M.S. degree or have a minorfor the Ph.D. in other University departments.

Stone left Michigan in 1959 to become director of the SouthDakota Extension Service. Administration of the institute andresponsibility for staff training then transferred to associatedirector George Axinn, who had been passed over for the CESdirector's post in favor of N.P. "Pat" Ralston. Axinn held thedual role for a year and a half and left in 1961 to join MSU'sproject in Nigeria.

While Axinn headed IEPD, Mason Miller, experiment stationeditor at Washington State, was completing a Ph.D. incommunications at MSU. After returning to the West, Millerwas offered the position as IEPD director to succeed Axinn. Hecame in December 1961 and was with the institute for tenyears. Jack Ferver, who had been a 4-H supervisor in the UP,received a Ph.D. at Wisconsin and was assigned to the institutestaff after Axinn's resignation. He remained until early 1963when he transferred to MSU's Taiwan project. Returning fromoverseas, he resigned to accept a position at the University ofWisconsin.

Extension and College of Agriculture administration hadpushed for a closer link between staff development andinformation services. Some functions of both were closelyrelated. Information staff had created a training unit inCommunication Arts influenced in part by the National Projectin Agricultural Communications (NPAC) which had been head-quartered at MSU. While the information effort was financedby Extension and the Experiment Station, the Department ofInformation Services headed by W. Lowell Treaster wasadministratively responsible to the Office of the President.

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When Howard Miller replaced Earl Richardson in Extension-Research Information in 1962, he was given a joint appointmentin IEPD. As a result, information activities and communicationstraining were more closely coordinated with the institute. In1962, Carl Couch, a social psychologist, joined IEPD asspecialist in communications research. He directed stateExtension studies until he resigned in 1965. The IEPD directorthen was left with no immediate staff but continued tocoordinate training with other CES administrative units andsubject matter departments.

In 1966, Patricia LaFlame was employed by IEPD as aneducational media specialist. With dozens of new staff each year,there was a constant demand for training in communicationsdesign and use of educational aids. Audio-visual specialistDuane Nelson had resigned from information services in 1960.LaFlame, a talented graphic specialist, conducted hundreds oftraining sessions in use of educational aids and remained on thestaff for more than 15 years.

IEPD continued to plan and conduct in-service trainingsessions and also continued a graduate program. More than 30Master's degrees were completed from 1962-69 with graduateenrollments including Michigan CES staff, Extension workersfrom other states and each year more and more foreignstudents. Much of the latter was the result of ever-greater MSUinvolvement in international programs. Enrollments in the mid-sixties began to decline, and a high percentage of graduatestudents were from other states or foreign countries.

While informal coordination continued between the IEPD andinformation services, a functional, administrative structure nevermaterialized. Further efforts to combine information andtraining ended when Howard Miller moved from informationservices to a position with CES administration in 1968. Later,IEPD was to be replaced by a new College of Agriculture andNatural Resource Education Institute to be known as "ANREI."

As the sixties began, the printed word remained thenumber one medium of conveying educationalinformation. The Department of Information Services

produced hundreds of news releases that in turn spawnedthousands of clippings in Michigan's daily and weeklynewspapers. Publications editors directed the publishing of amillion copies of Extension bulletins each year. The number ofradio stations continued to grow and each year or two anothercommercial channel appeared on television. Extension staffmade wide use of the new electronic media. Recorders nowmade it possible for an agent to drop off a tape rather thandrive for a "live" appearance at the local radio station.Television was more complex, and primary efforts came fromstaff at MSU.

Earl Richardson had directed information efforts for 15 yearsfor CES and the Experiment Station. Unlike universities inmany other states which had an Extension or often College ofAgriculture information division, at MSU it was an integratedeffort in a Department of Information Services. In 1961, herequested reassignment and was replaced by Howard Miller who

Communications :

New Audiences- New Media

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] rm Harrison. r£Uiio-TV producer. left.inten'ieu'ing assisrant direccor Herb Berg

for a neu: slide-rape series,

came to MSU after ten years with the Extension Service inOhio. Richardson continued on the information staff until hisdeath in 1970. He served as agricultural editor, coordinatednews services, maintained liaison with Michigan media and wasa valued information consultant for field staff.

Meanwhile steps had been taken to align the informationproject with staff training and the Institute for ExtensionPersonnel Development (IEPD). George Axinn, who had cometo MSU from Maryland as the first television specialist, movedto administration in 1955. His assignment was with the newCES Director Paul Miller. When he left Extension in 1961 forinternational programs, he was succeeded by Mason Miller, whohad been on the information staff at Washington State. BothMillers held appointments in the institute.

As leader of Extension-Research Information, Howard Millerheld this position from 1962-68. Ten staff members had left theinformation staff for other positions from 1958-61. As the sixtiesbegan, TV editor Robert Worrall returned to a post at OhioState; television colleague Lois Korslund went with the National4-H Committee in Chicago; Ralph Hamilton became Extensioneditor in Tennessee; Jean Gillies became an editor with FarmJournal and audio-visual specialist Duane Nelson moved to apost in USDA. Media jobs were abundant, and the five keystaffers left MSU for other positions in a year and a half.

New faces came on the staff including James Harrison, RonGrow, Fred Trost, and Roger Brown in television; editors HughCulbertson, Sharon Nelton, Frank Lessiter, Ronald Karns,Kenneth Busby, Paul Courter, Judith Prochnow (Turk),Kenneth Fettig, Don Christensen, James Lutzke, Roger Brownand Dean Bork.

In 1968, Joe Marks became information leader when HowardMiller moved to administration to head the new CESmanagement information system. Marks came to MSU fromWisconsin as research editor for the Experiment Station.

The continuing major functions of the information divisionwere threefold-dissemination of educational information viaboth print and electronic media, staff communications trainingand maintaining public awareness of Extension programs.Information leaders held joint appointments with theExperiment Station, and release of materials was coordinatedwith MSU's news bureau. The bulk of the budget was allocatedto CES publications. More than a million copies of 100 or moretitles were printed each year.

Staff had used color slides and audio tapes as training aidesfor years. New equipment now synchronized the slides with anaudio message. "Svnchrornats" became widely used by staff.Equipment was placed in 6 or 8 regional locations in the state.Amplified phone lines were used to originate speakers fromcampus to meetings outstate. These were hailed as newinnovations. The increased usage of equipment called forproduction of more and more slide sets and audio tapes byinformation staff.

Radio services had historically been provided by stationWKAR. This included broadcasts from the campus facility aswell as recordings to outstate stations when magnetic tape

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became widely used. Weekly tape services were provided to 40Michigan stations. For many years, WKAR employed a farmbroadcaster and a director of women's programs. The ExtensionService shared radio costs with WKAR. In the early years, radiostaff held CES appointments. After retirements of Mary Collopyand station director Robert Coleman, radio personnel wereemployed by WKAR.

In the sixties, radio farm director "Art" Boroughs and homeeconomics broadcaster Virginia Weiser aired daily programs onWKAR. When both left, Richard Arnold and Patricia Dorn(Adams) carried on the programming. Later, Betsy McPherson,Mary Jane Milrgen and Lindy Rich teamed with Arnold. Formore than 25 years, Marshall Wells, radio farm director forWJR Detroit, aired hundreds of interviews with MSU staff.Wells also originated reports of dozens of campus events, andhis noon and early morning broadcasts had wide audiences inthree states. Wells received MSU's "Distinguished Service toAgriculture" award in 1958. Extension editor Earl Richardsoncoordinated the programming with Wells for more than 20years.

Enter Television-The Extension Service aired the firsttelecast on WWJ-TV Detroit in 1948. In 1954, the Universitybegan operating educational station WKAR-TV. Later, MSUshared a commercial channel with WILX in Jackson. GeorgeAxinn came from Maryland as the first CES television specialistin 1953. When Axinn moved to administration, he was replacedby Robert Worrall from Ohio State. Early programs wereproduced on kinescope film and aired from stations in Detroit,Lansing, Flint and Kalamazoo. Worrall produced a 13-weekseries, "The County Agent," and appeared weekly on "RuralViewpoint" on Lansing's WJIM.

When the campus station opened, broadcasts originated onthe campus. Production costs limited local production ofprograms. For many years, CES produced a daily program onWJIM in Lansing. When Worrall left in 1960, televisionspecialist James Harrison of Kansas replaced him. Earlier, bothMargaret McKeegan (Whitehair) and Lois Korslund had workedwith Worrall as television editors for home economics. Both hadleft by 1960 and the second state staff position in television wasnever filled.

New Audiences for Agents-Radio had been used by CESagents for many years. Almost every county had access to oneor more local stations. Stations were liberal in providing publicservice time. FM provided even more. The portable taperecorder enabled far greater program variety. Staff could nowrecord programs for broadcast (and replays) at any time. Nolonger did they have to be at a studio at 6 a.m. or drive 15 or20 miles to the station. Some agents originated broadcasts fromtheir homes by phone lines.

Television in the sixties also offered new audiences for countystaff. Public service time was frequently available, typically inearly morning or with noon newscasts. Stations also providedproduction facilities and rehearsal time. Agents in Detroit, Flint,Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids and Saginaw often aired weeklyprograms. Consumer Marketing Information agents particularlytook advantage of the TV media. Marjorie Gibbs in Detroit,

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TV (UHlt.' to E-,tt'nQOll. nll~ Cotmt:horne l'(OTwmist \1aT: \X'ahll)J(l.~ it

Co .~()(Jd H-'t.' co rt.'ui ...h I(Than

dlulit'1h'l's

'CLlAlANCES1IECIALPUICHASEANNUALANNMlSARYSfASONALSTIMULAnV£

Maryann Meldrum in Kalamazoo and Lvsle Hutton in Flintappeared dozens of times to present programs on food and foodbuying. eMl agents also prepared hundreds of radio spots andprograms.

The use of television remained a constant enigma forExtension staff. The media could deliver large audiences. Yet,programs were often at odd hours when viewer numbers weresmall, and young people or farmers were rarely in the audience.Television production costs were high, and surveys could notdocument that television was making educational impact. Filmwas still the only way to present remote programming, a costlyand time-consuming process. Video tape was just coming on themarket hut was not of broadcast quality.

SummaryAt decade's end, information technology was exploding.

Even the print media was beginning to escape thelinotype. "Expansion of knowledge," someone once said, "iscontained by the length of time required to set type!" Phototypesetters and rapid copy systems were coming of age. Videotape would replace all filming. Both radio and TV signals couldbe sent via satellite. On the horizon, home computers andtelephone linkages were to bring another era tocommunications. All were to become commonplace 111

Extension's kit of educational tools.

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The most comprehensive study of the Extension Servicewas undertaken in the latter years of the decade. Onceagain, ECOP, the Extension Committee on Organizaton

and Policy, asked the National Association of State Universitiesand Land-Grant Colleges (NASULGC) to support a nationwidestudy. A memorandum from Secretary of Agriculture OrvilleFreeman set up a committee in October 1966.

President H.R. Albrecht of North Dakota State and AssistantUSDA Secretary George Mehren were named co-chairmen.Later, Ned Bayley, Director of Science and Education, USDA,replaced Mehren. USDA and the universities' association eachappointed six committee members. Twelve state and federalExtension staff comprised a staff task committee. The study wasthe only one of four major undertakings in which a Michiganrepresentative was not included.

After more than a year of study, a comprehensive report waspublished entitled, "A People and a Spirit." Staff in 16 land-grant universities were interviewed, including directors and morethan 7,000 CES personnel. In addition, more than 2,700 peoplefrom 1,400 private sector agricultural firms were surveyed. Thecommittee addressed strengths and weaknesses of Extension forthe next decade and listed essential functions to be performedto achieve its educational mission.

The study made a series of recommendations, among whichwas a recurring theme for "major expansion of activity inprograms dealing with social and economic development andquality of living." As with many other studies, respondentsindicated significant increases were needed for low-incomefamilies and the urban sector. But no group was specific in whatareas, if any, reductions or transfers of resources might be made.Specific recommendations were made for:

• agriculture and related industries• social and economic development• quality of living• international extension

In agriculture, a recommendation was for greater emphasis inmarketing and farm business management and a reduction inproduction technology. Other directives were to offer expandedassistance to low-income farmers in areas other than agricultureand to enhance programs dealing with natural resources and theenvironment. In an era just following newly enacted civil rightslegislation, there were mandates to sharply increase help to thedisadvantaged and to redouble efforts in urban areas. Finally,there was strong support to increase international programs fora transfer of technology and practical application forunderdeveloped nations.

The "Spirit Report" received wide publicity. Like others, itimplied a perennial "if." If there were more funds, much couldbe done in social and economic development and in improvingthe quality of life. But a major shift in resource allocationwould be unlikely. New dollars brought the marketing programof the fifties. Kellogg grants spawned experimental programs.Funds from exports-"P.L. 480 Funds"-would underwrite a newExpanded Nutrition Program. But state-federal allocations foragriculture, marketing, family living, 4-H and community

"A People and a Spirit":

ECOP Takes aSecond Look

Arleen Arnold, eMI agent, gives tips on

food buying and preparation.

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Summary:

The 1960'sin Retrospect

140

development appeared to be locked in some irrevocable formulawhich was not to change.

, 'It was the best of times, it was the worst of times" ...aquotation from a Dickens novel could characterize the1960's for the Extension Service. The decade began

with new CES leadership and an agenda for action. Almost halfthe entire staff had been employed since 1950. Michigan hadsurvived the "payless paydays" of the Governor Williams-StateLegislature standoff. A state Constitutional Convention andreapportionment would forever terminate rural dominance instate government.

But as President John F. Kennedy's "New Frontier" wasopening, so were hostilities which erupted into an unpopularwar half a world away in Vietnam. A conservatism emerged.Critics appeared. They asked: "Was an Extension Service with a50-year history really following its original mandate?" Somelawmakers thought not. Extension's line-item budget at MSUwas under attack. At one dark point, a single vote spared amillion dollar cut from a $4 million state appropriation forCES.

There were often harsh words from legislators. Some chargedin effect: "Get your act together and we'll see what the futuremight bring." Extension responded with what appeared to be a"back to basics" move. County directors were designated as"agricultural agents" or "natural resource agents." Some 30agent positions were eliminated, largely in 4-H and FamilyLiving, and all were placed on multi-county or area assignments.A dozen specialist positions remained vacant. Supervision wascurtailed and replaced by a new "field operations." In whatsome saw as a political move, Michigan Department ofAgriculture's George S. Mcintyre was offered a position asassociate CES director to N.P. "Pat" Ralston. Then a majorreorganization was crafted. The year 1965 was to witness majorchanges.

Five district directors for field supervision were reassigned asMcintyre came on board to head field operations. EinerOlstrom was appointed the program director for ResourceDevelopment. State program leaders Miriam Kelley and RussellMawby had left earlier in the year to be replaced by LoaWhitfield and Gordon Beckstrand. Robert Kramer took aCalifornia position and resigned his marketing post. He waslater replaced by George Stachwick. In a year, state leadershipof four programs had new directors, and the entire supervisorystructure was dismantled.

Nine months later Director Ralston took a leave of absencefor a year's appointment with the Federal Extension Service inWashington. Mcintyre was named acting director. The followingspring, Ralston elected to remain in the USDA and requestedthat leave be extended for another year. Dean Cowdenpromptly nominated Mcintyre as the new CES director.

As the decade progressed, internal tensions eased. Budgetsimproved, and steadily the positions axed in 1965 were

restored. The 31 multi-county areas remained for 4-H Youth

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and Family Living programming, but most counties in southernMichigan returned to a county basis. In 1969, the "CountyExtension Director" titles were returned. They have remainedever since.

Some staffing policies now became permanent. Low-populationcounties of the north were served by agents with multi-countyassignments. This brought the employment of paraprofessionalprogram assistants in some counties. Many such positions wouldbe locally funded. Agents in Family Living, 4-H Youth andAgriculture all could have multi-county assignments. Countydirectors in the north and U.P. would carry out bothAgriculture and Resource Development efforts as well ascoordinate the total county programs. That pattern remains.

As the decade ended, campus protests fueled by Vietnamwere rampant. About the same time a joint USDA-NationalAssociation of State Universities and Land-Grant CollegeAssociation committee brought forth a comprehensive studyreport. "A People and a Spirit" proposed dozens of "newinitiatives" for the Extension Service in social and economicdevelopment and for improving quality of living across thenation. They were laudatory goals, but limited funds kept CESin more traditional arenas. But the seeds were sown for a newcommitment for equal opportunity and providing help to thedisadvantaged. In 1968 Congress provided for establishment ofthe Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program. With anappropriation of more than $1.5 million for Michigan, nutritioneducation was to become one of Extension's major thrusts.

In 1969, MSU's John Hannah, who had long epitomizedthe land-grant philosophy, retired as president after 28

years to head the Agency for International Development. Thesame year, 1969, Dean T.K. Cowden, who had guided the nowCollege of Agriculture and Natural Resources, accepted a postin USDA. He was succeeded by L.L. Boger, the chair ofagricultural economics. Jeannette Lee succeeded Dean ThelmaPorter in the College of Home Economics. Sylvan Wittwer hadreplaced retiring Lloyd Turk in the Agricultural ExperimentStation. George Mcintyre had become CES director in 1967.The sixties ended with a cadre of new leaders. It was another"changing of the guard." A dozen years earlier Dean Anthonyand Directors Ballard and Hardin had moved on to besucceeded by Cowden, Varner and Turk.

TCdching manugcmt:'nt - intuit ing theenrire [amit».

Chern shake· JOlm mechan'~<lrlOnn.'t'()lHtioni~t:s haru.',<;cing.

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Footnotes1960's1 Michigan Farm Economics, Dept. of Agricultural

Economics, MSU, No. 206, March 1960.

2 Michigan Farm Economics, Dept. of AgriculturalEconomics, MSU, No. 323, December 1969.

3 Michigan Farm Economics, Dept. of AgriculturalEconomics, MSU, No. 332, September 1970.

4 "A People and a Spirit;' joint report of the U.S. Department ofAgriculture and National Association of Land Grant Collegesand State Universities, 1968.

5 Ibid.

6 "The University Looks Abroad;' A report from Educationand World Affairs, Walker and Co., New York, 1965.

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•In

Crisis andChallenge

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At the turn of the decade, a divided nation was writhingin the continued agony of the Vietnam conflict. TheUSA was entrenched in a war which could not and did

not bring victory. Young people in a bitter resentment ofmilitary actions flexed their collective muscle in defiance of "theestablishment." The unpopular hostilities finally ended, andtroops returned home in 1973.

A year earlier, President Richard Nixon was returned to officein an election landslide. Tenuously apprehensive of the voteoutcome against Democrat Hubert Humphrey, the "dirty tricks"and spy tactics of the Republicans in the "Watergate" scandalbrought national disgrace. Nixon became the first U.S.President to resign from office and thus escape impeachment.His Vice President, Spiro Agnew, was also charged withwrongdoing and left office. Nixon little realized when he namedMichigan Congressman Gerald Ford to replace Agnew that hewas selecting his own presidential successor. "Jerry" Ford ofGrand Rapids became President to complete the Nixon term inAugust 1974 when the public outcry against the fraud andcoverup forced the first resignation of a U.S. President. Inpardoning Richard Nixon, President Ford declared that boththe ex-President and the American people had suffered enough.

In the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), former MSUDean of Agriculture, C.M. Hardin, resigned as Secretary in1971. His successor was Earl Butz, dean of agriculture atPurdue. Butz served for five years under Presidents Nixon andFord. During the seventies, Edwin L. Kirby of Ohio headed theFederal Extension Service. An associate director of the CES inthe Buckeye State, Kirby was in Washington from 1970-77when "Federal" was dropped to return the agency's title to"Extension Service." In the Carter Administration, W. NeillSchaller of the Farm Foundation headed Extension under anewly named Science and Education Administration (SEA)created under the new incoming USDA Secretary RobertBergland. Schaller remained with Extension until 1979 to bereplaced by the first woman administrator, Mary NellGreenwood of Missouri.

A new Democratic Administration passed a landmark 1977Farm Bill. Two national advisory groups were created-theNational Research and Extension User's Advisory Board andthe Joint Council on Food and Agriculture Sciences. The farmbill also mandated a national study on the "Evaluation ofEconomic and Social Consequences of CES Programs." All ofthese directives were to influence Extension programs for the1980's and beyond.

On the CampusProtests and riots novel in the sixties had become

commonplace on every U.S. campus. Michigan State wasno exception. Fires burned along the Red Cedar and on GrandRiver Avenue. Signs of rebellion were everywhere. Near WellsHall was a student sit-in encampment. Shootings at Kent Stateerupted into more violence. It was a period of apprehension,even fear, in many campus communities. These were heady

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times for students who exerted a new declaration ofindependence. Campus leaders and faculty could no longerignore the continued confrontations. Campus strikes werespawned by mere whim. Academe often nearly ground to ahalt. Some institutions cut the school year short in the springof 1970 when warm weather escalated still more revolution andcollegiate anarchy.

Long-time President John Hannah had left MSU in 1968before the full furor on campus had exploded. He left afternearly a 50-year association with the University. As one whoepitomized the land-grant college, he must have observedcampus happenings in disbelief. Presidential counterparts oncampuses across America faced the same dilemma. The attritionleft dozens of vacancies for college presidents. Michigan Statewas one.

After a stormy interim term, MSU President Walter Adams,who had followed John Hannah, was succeeded by Clifton A.Wharton in January 1970. As the University's first blackpresident, Wharton came from the Rockefeller Foundation withimpressive credentials. He remained until 1977 when he left tobecome chancellor for the State University of New York system.Another search went on for his replacement. Serving as anotherinterim executive was Edgar Harden who returned to MSUafter a 20-year absence from the campus. Harden, a close friendof Hannah, had been director of Continuing Education at MSUand later president of Northern Michigan University. After twoyears of searching, Cecil A. Mackey was named 14th presidenton September 1, 1979. He had been president of Texas Tech.

In the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, DeanL.L. Boger became acting University provost in 1975 when JohnCantlon was reassigned as a vice president for research. Bogerwas provost until 1977 when he left to become president ofOklahoma State University. J.A. "Jake" Hoefer, assistantdirector of the Agricultural Experiment Station, followed Bogeras dean until James Anderson's appointment in April 1977.Anderson had been director of the Mississippi ExperimentStation. MSU's College of Home Economics became the Collegeof Human Ecology in 1970. Dean Jeannette Lee retired as deanand was replaced by Lois Lund who came from Ohio StateJanuary 1, 1973.

The ExtensionScene ChangesEarly in 1973, Extension Director G.S. Mclntyre suddenly

announced his retirement effective July 1. He hadreturned to CES in 1965 as associate director to N.P. "Pat"Ralston. When Ralston took a post in USDA, Mclntyre wasnamed director. Gordon E. Guyer, chairman of MSU'sDepartment of Entomology, was appointed to replace Mclntyre.When his selection was announced, Guyer was on leave inAfrica with scientists from the Entomological Society ofAmerica. Guyer was society president. He returned to assumethe CES helm in September 1973 as Michigan's seventhdirector. Fred Peabody, who had been named personnel director

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in 1969, served as acting director until Guyer's return and in1974 was appointed associate Extension director foradministration.

At the same time, D.A. "Denny" Caul moved fromagricultural programs to become an assistant to the director. Hecoordinated CES program areas and gave leadership to specialCES projects and grants and maintained administrative liaisonwith campus departments. He died suddenly of leukemia in1978. New administrative appointments included Gary Glazierand James Artabasy in personnel and Martin J. Pastor inmanagement services. Veteran budget accountant Floyd Fladserhretired in 1974 after nearly 30 years. Pastor and accountantAlan Anderson organized management services for the entireCollege of Agriculture and Natural Resources as budget andpersonnel records were computerized. Throughout the decadeHoward L. Miller continued to head the ExtensionManagement Information System (EMIS).

Supervision Shifts-In the early seventies a field operationsteam continued to provide campus-field liaison with county anddistrict staff. Director Guyer initiated new alignments forsupervision. Field operations staff-Frank Madaski, GeorgeParsons and Frank Molinare-teamed with Ray Gillespie,Arvella Curtis, Irene Ott and Marvin Preston in threesupervisory groups. Parsons retired in 1974, and supervision wasagain restructured. Supervisors were organized into five districtor regional teams:

U.P.-Frank Molinare, Judith PlaceNorth-John Hodge, Juan MarinezWest-Frank Madaski, Irene OttCentral-Marvin Preston, Arvella CurtisEast-Fred Sackrider, Ray Gillespie

Two years later the staff was shifted again. Ms. Place wasassigned to the state 4-H staff in the U.P., and Marineztransferred to the East region. Later, Ray Gillespie returned tothe 4-H staff, and Jerry Halm moved from Expanded Nutritionto team with Marinez in a Southeast region. Marinez had beenemployed earlier to direct special programs targeted tominorities. Death claimed Molinare in 1977, and he wasfollowed by Ray Gummerson. Gummerson had long service inthe U.P., most recently as the district leader for NaturalResources and Public Policy.

In later moves, six supervisory regions were created. Madaskiassumed leadership for Southwest Michigan. Irene Ott, aprogram leader in horne economics, was named the first womanregional supervisor. Her assignment was to the West region inthe Grand Rapids area. John Hodge and Ray Gummerson werein the North and U.P., respectively. Hodge maintained an officein Petoskey, and Gummerson was headquartered in Marquette.Southeast and East Central regions continued to have twosupervisors. Fred Sackrider and Arvella Curtis were in a newEast Central region, while Marinez and Halms headed theSoutheast region of metro counties.

Under Director Guyer, program directors were given addedresponsibility for budget and personnel management. Later, theywere given titles as assistant CES directors. Supervisors provided

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\1I.'TgL'Tof agTicl4icHTI.' llnd rnarketmg

/)rogr{1m_~g£lt'1.'aJmini$[T(1cin' nCH home co

C'\l1 agenel. At Jl)7.l ug-mmketing

,\ummcr school, docktt'ise JOtl'l1 the ~taln

LITe '\fun Douglal, Ingr,,! Ilarrell"\1dr:'-tl1lll Dtykrnall, Arlet'tl Amnid, ~1,a:

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Shnwhurgt'T, Shdron \"l1J D:llC dnd Shedd'\forl,'\,

the linkage between administration and all programs, As theseventies ended, their eight supervisory positions remained.Hodge, Gurnmerson, Sackrider, Curtis and Madaski all retiredover a IS-month period. Halm was transferred to programleader in Agriculture-Marketing.

One supervisor was now assigned in each of the six regions.In 20 years the supervisory structure had moved full cycle.While there were now six "regions" rather than five "districts,"supervisors now had commensurate duties to those of districtdirectors of the late fifties and early sixties under DirectorsMiller and Ralston. That organization remains.

New Program Leadership-As the 1970's opened, four ofthe state program heads had been appointed since 1965: GeorgeStachwick, Marketing; Lois Humphrey, Family Living; EinerOlstrom, Resource Development and Gordon Beckstrand, 4-HYouth.

Agriculture's Dick Bell had been named in 1954. In 197), hewas the first of the five to retire with Olstrom and Stach wickfollowing. Director McIntyre had appointed Norman A. Brownto replace Beckstrand in 1972. Brown had been an associate toAssistant Dean David Armstrong in the College of Agricultureand Natural Resources,

When Lois Humphrey, Family Living program director since1968, left in 1974, Stachwick was named interim director. Heserved until Doris E. Wetters was named to the post on May 1,1975. She returned to Michigan after being director ofExtension home economics programs in Hawaii.

Agriculture and Marketing-Making some realignments inCES programs, Director Guyer combined agriculture andmarketing. In early 1974, MSU dairy specialist John Speicherwas named to head the merged program. Srachwick , whoheaded Marketing, was reassigned as the associate director afteran interim appointment as director of Family Living. After twoyears, Speicher requested a return to the dairy department, andMitchell R. Gcaslcr was selected as Speicher's replacement. Helater left Michigan to become Extension director in Virginia.

Over the years, there had been a steady decline in the totalmarketing effort. Level funding of the special marketingappropriations resulted in continued staff cutbacks. At one time,more than 30 staff members had major assignments inmarketing, including 15 district marketing and consumerinformation agents plus campus specialists assigned to theprogram. By the end of 1979, the staff had been reduced by SOpercent. County directors and ag agents were also doingmarketing work. These factors contributed to the formation ofthe combined Agriculture-Marketing program in 1974. Alldistrict agricultural agents also had "marketing" added to theirtitles.

Resource Development-Einer Olstrom headed the programsince the 1965 reorganization. Then it was titled "N arur alResources" but became "Resource Development" in 1969. In1974 the program's name was again changed to "NaturalResources and Public Policy" (NR-PP). This avoided someconfusion with the campus Department of ResourceDevelopment. Olstrom had a staff of five district resource

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development agents. Later they were designated as "DistrictExtension Leaders for Resource Development" and werepopularly known as "DEL's." Olstrom retired June 30, 1977,after a career of 33 years. His successor was Adger Carroll, whohad been on the Extension staffs of Clemson and MississippiState.

Family Living and Expanded Nutrition-A major additioncame to Family Living programs in 1968 when federal fundsestablished the "Expanded Nutrition Program" (ENP) for low-income families. By 1970, the program was in place in 20counties directed by home economists with the assistance of 125nutrition aides. In all Family Living programs there wasincreasing emphasis on reaching minority audiences and familieswith substandard incomes.

In ENP's peak years, its total budget and staff were well over50 percent of the total Family Living program. More than 20agent equivalents and 140 paraprofessionals staffed the 20county programs at one time. Giving statewide leadership toENP were Jerry Halm and Linda Nierman, who both movedfrom agent positions to become program leaders. Althoughassigned to Family Living, the unique funding and staffingresulted in the nutrition effort operating much like a newprogram area. It also had a youth component, and about afourth of the budget supported activities conducted by the state4-H program. Details of the program highlights appear in a latersection.

4·H Youth-The 1970's were marked by a substantialincrease in funds, a greatly expanded urban participation and aconcerted effort to reach youngsters from low-income andminority groups. State leader Gordon Beckstrand, who hadcome to Michigan to replace Russell Mawby, left the 4-H staffin 1972 and was replaced by Norman Brown, who had been inthe office of student affairs in the College of Agriculture andNatural Resources. He became widely known, served on manynational committees and left Michigan to become director ofthe Extension Service in Minnesota.

Training-Communications=-In 1971 The Institute forExtension Personnel Development (lEPD) was changed in nameto Agriculture and Natural Resources Education Institute(ANREl).

New Associate Director-By 1979, Director Guyer had madeappointments for new directors in three of now four "programareas" as they were known. Earlier, all directors had been giventhe added title of assistant Extension director. For the first time,all four directors held doctoral degrees. The program heads weregiven greatly expanded responsibilities for both budget andpersonnel management as well as state program leadership.During the ten-year period, 30 appointments of program leaderswere made in the four programs.

To coordinate total program efforts, J.R. Gillespie wasappointed to a new position, associate director for programs,March 1, 1979. Gillespie, who had come from Ohio as a 4-Hagent, was a program leader, then associate director of state 4-HYouth programs. He came to campus from Lenawee County in1966. In the state office he also had been a supervisor working

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with field operations. His assignment was the coordination ofthe four programs, ENP, and special efforts which often resultedfrom grants or earmarked funds.

Staffing Turnover-During the 1970's, nearly 300 staffappointments or transfers were made. As new director, GordonGuyer named two associate directors and four assistant directorsin six years. CES now had two associate directors for the firsttime in history. No associate had been named following GeorgeAxinn's departure in 1961 until George Mcintyre's appointmentin 1965. There had been two in Agriculture-Marketing, andnew assistant directors were named for Family Living Educationand Natural Resources-Public Policy. Norm Brown, 4-H Youthhead, was to leave only months into 1980. Ten appointmentsand reassignments were made for regional supervisors. It was,again, a time of transition. During the decade, three men hadmoved through MSU's presidential chairs and three as theDean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Asthe decade ended, six more key members of the administrativeteam were near retirement-to step down by 1981. This wouldmean still further shifts as a new generation moved into keyExtension leadership positions.

Energy, Inflationand EducationCrisis and challenge called for bold new dimensions in

Extension programs of the seventies. No sooner wereVietnam and Watergate receding into history when the MiddleEast oil embargo and a tense international situation sentpetroleum and energy costs skyrocketing. Gasoline pricesdoubled, then tripled. A two-headed monster-inflation andenergy crunch-was abroad in the land, its fiery breaththreatening all.

Farmers were among those caught in a painful cost-pricesqueeze as inflation took off at a rapid pace. Farm land becamean inflation hedge, and suddenly the price tag was $2,000 anacre in many places. Michigan's vaunted auto industry took along skid and then nearly collapsed. In a decade, even modestsurburban homes moved in price from $30,000-40,000 to a$100,000 figure. New cars carrying a $5,000 sticker becamedouble that figure and more. Buying stopped, and the autoindustry was in chaos. Other businesses followed. Each year,spiraling inflation sent prices still higher, and a tenuouseconomy began to crumble, and unemployment lineslengthened.

As the seventies began, well-established Extension Serviceprograms in agriculture, marketing, resource development,family living and 4-H youth development were in place. Morewere prepared to meet the demands precipitated by the twin-pronged crisis. By the end of the decade, a major focus was inhelping the unemployed and aiding families and businesses alikein coping with ever-increasing prices and costs. Meanwhile, overthe ten-year period, salaries of Extension agents moved from a$10,000-$12,000 level to reach $25,000 and more. AgricultureDean Cowden's salary prediction of 15 years earlier becamereality.

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Accompanying the opposition to the war in Vietnam werefrequent uprisings of disadvantaged and minority groups. Theydemanded an "equal shake" in jobs, in public office and ineducational opportunity. Michigan State and the ExtensionService were frequently placed on the defensive. "What haveyou done for us lately?" was a common query. Civil suits werebrought against CES alleging that programs were designedchiefly for white, middle-class audiences. The challenges broughtrenewed response in affirmative action and expanded efforts inuncharted areas.

Programs in this area concentrated in the inner cities-largelyin Detroit, Flint and Pontiac. Others were added in Kalamazoo,Muskegon, Grand Rapids, Benton Harbor, Lansing and AnnArbor. Black agents were added. At one time, nearly half of theENP and youth program aides were minorities.

To develop programs for migrant families and the Hispaniccommunity, Sigifredo Cavazos and Marta Tienda wereemployed as special assistants to direct programs to reachSpanish-speaking communities. Bilingual program aides alsocreated special educational activities in counties. Both Tiendaand Cavazos resigned by 1974, and Juan Marinez was employedto continue leadership for these efforts. Later, he was named asa district supervisor in Southeastern Michigan, the center of thestate's minority population.

ExtendingEqual OpportunityNutrition programs and grants for urban youth work were

major CES efforts in reaching both minorities and theunderprivileged.

In programming for the seventies, Director Guyer and theentire CES staff were committed to "the spirit of affirmativeaction." Programs were revised to direct special efforts to reachthe disadvantaged whether by virtue of age, race, sex, creed oreconomic status. Agriculture developed special programs for low-income farmers. All counties submitted an affirmative actionplan and each year reported activities designed to remain incompliance with their plans. A state plan was also developed forapproval by MSU's President and ultimately by the Secretary ofAgriculture, USDA. To monitor the process, periodic civilrights reviews were made in counties. Associate DirectorPeabody had responsibility for assuring compliance withaffirmative action and equal employment plans.

Programming in a Time of Stress-The social climate of thetimes and stark economic realities shaped much of Extension'sprogram efforts during the 1970's. The continuing energycrunch and spiraling inflation had a strong impact on all CESprograms. The confrontations inflamed by Vietnam providedstill others. The Extension Service would be asked manyquestions for which there were no simple, and for some noavailable, answers. Thus beset, America celebrated 200 years ofindependence.

The Bicentennial Year-When the nation observed its

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Student EducatIOn Corps Volunteer sho"sroosters w inner cir~' P£lrtici/J£11H.\.

bicentennial in 1976, the Extension Service participated with ayear-long flurry of activities. Director Guyer named anObservance Committee headed by Arden Peterson of the state4-H staff. Monthly columns in the Communicatorfor two yearscarried stories and reports of bicentennial activities across thestate. The theme of the 1975 fall staff conference was '''76 andBeyond." There were bicentennial meetings, shows, parades andexhibits. "Salute '76" was the theme for a 4-H Exploration Daysspectacular in 1976. Berrien County commemorated the yearwith a "Plant a Tree in '76" campaign. Old history was regaledand the red, white and blue logo fittingly marked Extensionparticipation in the two-century anniversary of the AmericanRevolution and Independence Day of July 4, 1776.

Computers on Line-The electronic age was now clearlyevident. The computer was now well established for use in abroad spectrum of applications, ready to give a giant assist tomany projects. Farm management's TeiFarm and TeiPlan hadbeen pioneers. Dozens of others followed. In early 1979, SteveHarsh of agricultural economics was named to give leadership tocomputerized communications for CES. That fall he andinformation manager Eldon Fredericks conducted a workshopfor more than 50 staff members.

At the end of the year, Harsh was named director for a newCOMNET system, which would link the campus and countyoffices. Nearly half of the offices had installed terminals.Ultimately all counties would be on line with the new systemwhich could transmit messages as "electronic mail" activatedword processors and accessed dozens of computer programs.

Educating for Action-As programs geared for an electronicand space age, there would be new terms to learn and use.Education would now need to "interface" with the prevailingsocial and economic environment. Tested and successful effortswould need to remain "on line" as new alternatives weregenerated. Director Guyer had restructured Extension's missioninto four major thrusts or program areas. The climate of the1970's would mandate many of the priorities for Agriculture-Marketing; Natural Resources-Public Policy; Family LivingEducation and the 4-H Youth programs.

Agriculture-Marketing continued a major emphasis onproduction and management. The industry maintained acontinued concern with faltering incomes resulting fromdepressed prices and escalating costs. But the inflation followingthe Middle East oil embargo sent all prices skyward. Highs forfarm commodities were unparalleled. Before increased costscaught up, farmers reaped a short-term profit bonanza. Landprices went to unprecedented levels. In the short term, farmersneeded only to produce. And the greater the production, thelarger the return. But soon the profit squeeze set in once again.It seemed an old story. In the 1970's more dollars wereinvolved. But agricultural staff also mounted new efforts toassist low-income farmers and rural residents. Minorities,particularly Hispanics and Indians, came in for special attention.Agriculture-Marketing programs of the seventies are documentedin the next section.

Resource Development now focused on the natural resourcesand public affairs. In 1974 the program was titled NR-PP

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(Natural Resources/Public Policy). The meteoric (but permanent)increase of energy costs brought renewed concern for the use ofwood as fuel, for energy alternatives and new explorations foroil in the state. Use of the Great Lakes also spawned interest ina new "Sea Grant" program. The loss of public confidence inthe political system brought renewed involvement foraccountable government, public works and new levels of citizenparticipation. A Kellogg Foundation grant provided a "Questfor Quality" state leadership project and a new public affairscenter. Resource development specialists conducted acomprehensive public opinion survey in 1976.

Public concerns for use of chemicals, pollution andenvironmental decay reached near-panic proportions followingthe PPB fiasco in the livestock industry. Grave concerns alsosurfaced on toxicity in fish, water contamination and the effectsof acid rain. A quality environment was a priority issue. Amyriad of public issues cascaded into the public arena eachyear. With or without controversy, public policy and citizeninvolvement became an integral part of Extension programmingas a later section will show.

Family Living Education placed revised emphasis inmodifying programs for minority and low-income audiences.Special programs were developed in Saginaw, Detroit, GrandRapids and Flint. Local funds supported employment ofExtension assistants and program aides.

The upward zoom in energy and home utility bills brought anavalanche of requests for help in home insulation, energyconservation and "retrofitting" of homes. As energy costsspiraled upward, inflation eroded family budgets. Financialmanagement programs were designed to help families cope withdiminished resources. Family Living mounted still otherprograms for families to extend often meager resources. Newprograms in public affairs education for women were alsodeveloped as community issues swirled around urban and ruralfamilies alike.

4·H Youth programs made decisive moves to reachminorities and the underprivileged, particularly in metrocenters. A youth component was developed in the ENPprograms to teach nutrition and health. A federal grant fundeda large urban gardening project in Detroit. A youth centerprovided 4-H activities for the center city. Other grantssupported special programs in Saginaw, Lansing and Muskegon.Earmarked federal funds came for urban youth work and statefunds for program expansion. New state dollars came as atransfer of a million dollars to CES from the State Departmentof Social Services' budget. Ultimately, all funds wereincorporated into CES appropriations for maintaining theexpanded efforts begun in 1977-78.

Programs for the decade needed to follow some blueprint.As a result, plans were put in place for comprehensive

program reviews in every county. Reviews of 2-3 days in lcngt hwould involve local CES staff, allied agencies, advisory groupsand representatives of typical program audiences. All countiesscheduled a review over a five-year per iod. Following the formalreview and recommendations by a committee, county staff

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would prepare a long-range, five-year plan of work. Each yearthe plan would be revised and/or updated under guidelines ofthe Extension Manangement Information System (EMIS).Review teams of five-six persons were nominated by countystaff, including agents, campus specialists, MSU faculty oragency representatives.

By the end of 1979, approximately half of the state's 80county programs had been reviewed. Each program year(October l-Septernber 30) all counties submitted an annualreport summary along with selected "significantaccomplishments" for the year. Data from county anddepartmental reports were then aggregated for a state narrativereport and statistical summary to the Extension Service, USDA.

Staff will also recall the seventies as a new era for personal.evaluation. Director Guyer commissioned Fred Peabody todevelop a new personnel appraisal system. Each year, all fieldstaff were evaluated and rated on a four-scale basis. Ratingswere used in making salary adjustments and promotions andassessing staff performance during this period. CES field staffand those outside the University tenure stream became eligiblefor "continuing employment." Staff could apply and be grantedsuch tenure at the end of four, five or six years.

SummaryExtension programs of the seventies were impacted by

many forces. They were often harsh and severe. Chiefamong them were the escalation of energy costs and almostconstant inflation. New funding carried new program mandates.Determined efforts to provide equal education opportunitieswere to effect irreversible programming changes. At one timea staff of nearly 700 were employed in carrying out CESprograms. But the contributions of nearly 40,000 volunteerleaders continued to multiply Extension's educational efforts. Itwas a time of many problems. There were no easy answers. Newtask forces were assembled to impact energy shortages, theenvironment, public affairs, family economics and the cruelforces of an economic downturn and chronic unemployment.

In the midst of a myriad of problems in a state beset byeconomic ills, public agency budgets were in trouble. Executivebudget orders cut appropriations with regularity. But programachievements continued. In 1970 an annual award was createdto recognize individual excellence. The award carried a cashstipend and was named for President Emeritus John A. Hannah.The first award was presented at the 1971 annual conference.Following is a list of recipients for the seventies:

JOHN A. HANNAH AWARD FOR PROGRAM EXCELLENCE

1971 Kathy Bufton, Wayne County Extension HomeEconomist, for "Model Cities Family Living Program"

1972 Steven Harsh and J. Roy Black, Agricultural EconomicsSpecialists, for "TelFarm Farm Management Programs"

1973 William Kimball, Resource Development, and Ralph

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Hepp, Agricultural Economics, Specialists, for the "Questfor Quality" leadership program.

1974 Cal Flegal and Charles Sheppard, Poultry ScienceSpecialists, for the "Put and Take Pleasant HuntingProject"

1975 Bethel Schmidt, Branch County Extension HomeEconomist, and Conard Search, District FarmManagement Agent, S.W., for "Human ResourceManagement Program"

1976 Sheila Morley and Ada Shinabarger, Consumer MarketingInformation Specialists, "Shopping on a Shoestring"

1977 Irene Hathaway, Family Ecology Specialist, for "DollarWatch" and "Steps into Spending"

1978 Laurie Kaplan, 4·H Youth, and Richard Dunn, AnimalHusbandry, Specialists, for "Horseback Riding for theHandicapped"

1979 Wilma Miller, Program Leader, FLE, for "College Week"

1980 Greg Patchan, Oakland County Horticultural Agent, andGerald Draheim, Wayne County Horticulture Agent, for"Wavne-Oakland Master Gardener Program"

Extension Service staff were also allocated an annual winnerfor MSU's "Distinguished Faculty" award, which began in 1971.

DISTINGUISHED FACULTY AWARD

1972 Clare Musgrove, CED, Berrien County1973 Alfreda McGuire, EHE, Kent County1974 Ingrid Bartelli, CMI, Upper Peninsula1975 James Myers, District Farm Management Agent, Big

Rapids1976 Laurence Cushman, 4·H Agent, Berrien County1977 Frank Molinare, Regional Extension Supervisor,

Marquette1978 Fred Dostal, CED, Lake County1979 A. Robert Earl, CED, Van Buren County1980 Bethel J. Schmidt, EHE, St. Joseph County

The seventies were a decade of contrast in agriculturalprogramming. Inflation sent farm prices to record highs.But increased costs rapidly followed and squeezed the

quick-found profits. The most dramatic change of the decadewas in farm land prices. Michigan farm land that had beenselling at $400 and $600 or more per acre shot to $1,000 andkept going. In productive farming counties, the price tag wasoften $2,000 by 1978. Scattered sales exceeded even that figure.Net worth of farmers could suddenly double or triple as a resultof the rapid real estate inflation.

Michigan's rural scene was in transition. Predictions of"Project '80" and "Project '80 and 5" were attained well ahead

AgricultureEnters the Seventies

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Allimdi nHtririoT} H'HWlnl...'d kL': [actor 111

kL't.'/Hllg It/) dalT: indH71L'.

of schedule. Many were far exceeded. From 1970-79 another10,000 farms were lost, according to census data. But thenumber of commercial farms-those with sales exceeding$IO,OOO-actually increased during the decade. An obviousreason was higher prices. While production of farm products didnot rise dramatically, their total value more than doubled in aten-year period. Michigan agriculture was now more than a$2 billion industry.

More and more of the state's agricultural production wascoming from fewer and larger farms. In 1969 about 24,000 farmsaccounted for the 82 percent of the state's total agriculturalsales. A slightly higher number of 28,000 had sales that nowadded to nearly 90 percent of the $2.4 billion total ten yearslater. By 1979, Michigan had approximately 26,000 commercialfarms. These units had sales of $10,000 or more, with manymanaged by part-time operators.

While farm numbers kept shrinking, nearly 40,000 remainedwhich had sales of under $10,000 per year. Even gross incomesnear the top on such farms would support only the most frugalfamilies. For hundreds of others, net income placed families wellbelow the poverty level. The demographics posed no smallproblem for Extension agriculture programs. With mandates toprovide educational service to small and low-income farmers,staff efforts were most often geared to the larger commercialoperators. But during the decade, hundreds of families werehelped, often not to enable a farm subsistence but to becomeaware of alternative employment in income potential. So-called"farm problems" dealt with a broad audience ranging fromthose on a poor acreage and low returns in the northern lowerpeninsula to the productive areas of the "thumb" or the state'sborder counties next to Ohio and Indiana.

Administrative ShiftsA fter heading the Extension "Ag" program for 20 years,

R.W. "Dick" Bell retired in 1973. Functions of programleaders were largely carried out by departmental specialists whowere called "project leaders." Program planning was donethrough "T ype-of-Farming Committees" comprised of agents,specialists, departmental faculty and industry representatives.Other inputs came from committees of the MichiganAssociation of Agricultural Agents, advisory groups as well ascommodity, marketing and trade organizations. These inputsunderscored that there was no lack of problems confrontingagriculture.

Bell's retirement was effective just before Gordon Guver cameas the new Extension director. Nearly a year after Bell left,MSU dairy specialist John Speicher was named to head theagriculture program. Marketing, directed by George Sruchwick,was combined with agriculture with a new title of "Agriculture-Marketing program" in a restructuring by the new director.Later, in the absence of state leadership for Family Living,Stachwick was named the acting director for that program for ayear. He returned in 1971 to be associate program director forAgriculture-Marketing with Speicher. He remained in thisassignment until retirement.

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After two years, Speicher requested a return to the dairydepartment, and Mitche\l R. Geasler succeeded him December1, 1976. Geasler, a Michigan native and former agent, camefrom Iowa State where he had gone after completing a Ph.D. inanimal husbandry at MSU. In 1978, Lapeer CED ThomasThorburn was appointed program leader to work with Geaslerand Stachwick. Thorburn assumed leadership for Farmers' Weekafter the retirement of Byron Good of animal husbandry, whohad directed the long-standing week for many years. Thorburnworked with department specialists and agricultural committeesand coordinated state agricultural events.

Specialists who provided long-term leadership to agricultureprograms of the seventies included: John Doneth and DonaldRicks, agricultural economics; Robert Maddex, agriculturalengineering; Graydon Blank, animal husbandry; Donald Murrayand Clinton Meadows, dairy; Charles Sheppard, poultry;Ley ton Nelson, farm crops; James Porter and Robert Lucas,soils; Ed Klos, plant pathology; Ray Janes and E.C. "Bert"Martin, entomology. Many of these staff members retired fromlong careers during the decade. Over the ten-year span, nearly150 specialists held CES appointments in agriculture, naturalscience and veterinary medicine. Specialists of the seventies werea new breed. Almost a\l had earned a Ph.D. Few had previousExtension experience and were oriented to subject-matter fields.While they frequently moved on to other positions, someremained at MSU and transferred to research and teaching.

Field StaffIn the counties, agriculture and work with farmers retained

a No.1 priority. Two-thirds of the 80 CED's hadagriculture and marketing as their major program assignment.When home economists and 4-H agents were appointed ascounty directors, the CED no longer had responsibilities foragriculture. This ended a 60-year tradition. Agricultural agentshad always been "the head man" in the county office. Most sti\lwere. But a second Extension agricultural agent (EAA) wasassigned to a\l counties having a sizeable commercial agriculturebase. Some counties provided local funding for additional staffin agriculture or horticulture. Work of agents was alsoaugmented in some counties by program assistants. With theexception of home economists and 4-H youth agents, most ofthe field staff were members of the National Association ofCounty Agricultural Agents (NACAA).

A signal honor came to Michigan in 1978 when Donald[uchartz, Wayne County CED, was elected president ofNACAA. Orville Walker, Kalkaska agent in the 1950's, was theonly other Michigan agent to have held this office.

Assignments of district horticulture and marketing staff werecombined into a dozen "District Horticulture-Marketing" agentpositions in 1978. Farm management continued to maintaindistrict agents with a major assignment for the T elFarm businessanalysis project. Consumer marketing agents remained in majorurban areas, but positions were phased out as they becamevacant. By 1980, fewer than ten district agents remained. Inother areas of the state, agricultural agents were assigned on a

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Groucrs continued 10 seek success formulasin [arm managemenc COHn.

regional, area, or multi-county basis. Sometimes theappointments were in an enterprise speciality, i.e., dairy,livestock, crops, soils or horticulture. In others, agents weresimply given "more territory" than a single county. In 1976,Roberta Lawrence became the first woman "ag agent" when shewas appointed in Washtenaw County.

Big Grows BiggerAs commercial agriculture continued to expand into larger

units, the Extension Service also took cognizance of newaudiences. Special efforts were developed to work with smalland low-income farmers and rural residents. But mainline Hag"programs still remained with commercial operators. Many ofthese had acreages of 500-1,000 acres. Nearly 5,000 Michiganfarms had sales exceeding $100,000 per year. Some, even more.The 100-cow dairy herd was common. So were farms with 700acres of corn, 50,000 laying hens, 1,000 feeder pigs or 200 acresof planted orchard. Management was the key factor in success.

While Extension projects continued to focus on the state'scommercial farmers, there were fewer of them each year. In1970, the census listed 44,171 Michigan farms with sales over$2,500. Their total gross was $910,100,000. Ten years later the42,111 farms had total sales exceeding $2,321 ,500,000. Grosssales had more than doubled in ten years. Farm prices had risensharply too. Land prices rose to ncar-staggering levels. Singlepieces of machinery and equipment costing over $50,000 werecommon. Capitalization of half a million dollars or more perfarm was not unusual. So too, was increased debt, with manyfarm loans of $100,000-$200,000 and more. All this was coupledwith ever-escalating energy costs-for tractor fuel, farm power,crop drying and increased mechanization. Production costs toowere spiraling upward.

Early in the decade there was a brief bonanza. Followingthe Middle East oil embargo, farm prices shot upward. In

January 1974, wheat reached $6.25 per bushel. Farm prices setrecord highs. In early 1974, the price index had doubled frombase year 1967. At that time, the index of prices paid byfarmers stood at 157. The result was an obvious high profitmargin. Many thought another "golden age" had arrived. In ayear, land prices soared by 25 percent. They kept going up.Figures of $1,500-$2,000 per acre were not uncommon.

The windfall was short-lived. By November 1977, the farmprice index had sunk to 180. Prices paid by farmers now stoodat 202. That result too was obvious. There was a severe cost-price squeeze. No small factor was the dramatic rise in energyexpense for fuels and power. A technology had been createdthat was fast becoming too expensive to use. Carefulcalculations and the use of a computer or other electronicwizardry now became essential for survival. Farm managementspecialists came forth with programmable calculators to computeleast costs. TelPlan programs got wide use in projecting cashflow. Efficiency was the watchword.

Technology also resulted in one of Michigan's greatestagricultural disasters. In 1973 a small chemical plant in Gratiot

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County inadvertently mixed a fire retardant, polybrominatedbiphenyl (PPB), into a large feed additive order for MichiganFarm Bureau Services. The result was a fiasco, near panic and amajor crisis for Michigan agriculture. The error introduced thetoxic chemical into much of the state's food chain. Thousandsof livestock animals were slaughtered; hundreds more died;family health was endangered, and governmental action andlawsuits persisted for ten years. The Farm Bureau Cooperativewas forced to file for bankruptcy in the face of enormous claimswhich exceeded insurance. By the end of the decade the state'slivestock industry had recovered, hut dozens of farmers hadbeen put out of business. It was one of the darkest times for thestate's farmers and the entire agricultural industry. While therewere no answers to stem the ravages of the contaminated feed,CES staff aided many in rebuilding herds and reestablishing thefarm business.

As the decade progressed, a nationwide energy crisis alsodescended. Farmers not only faced greatly elevated costs, theyworried if fuels for power would he available at all. As tractorshecame larger, they also required more fuel. Cost per acre nowwas an important consideration for tillage through harvest. Newpractices such as minimum tillage and "no-till" were promotedto save energy. It was a paradox that the technology that hadsubstituted mechanical power for labor and horses was now fastlosing a cost advantage. There was even speculation thatfarming might well return to "the good old days."

Project '80 and 5Six years after MSU's comprehensive look at rural

Michigan, a new future projection was launched. TheCollege of Agriculture and Natural Resources updated the1965-66 reports in a new "Project 'SO and 5." Many of theearlier cast of principals had remained. John "Jake" Ferris wasagain the project director and Mark Allen was the editor of thepublished materials.

Larry Boger of agricultural economics had headed the "Project'SO" steering committee. Now as dean, Boger appointed a newcommittee in 1971 headed hy horticulture chairman JohnCarew. Serving with him were Raleigh Barlowe, resourcedevelopment; Dale Hathaway, ag economics; Niles Kcvcr n,fisheries-wildlife, and Charles Lassiter, dairy. The project hadthree phases. Phase I was a survey to project the contemplatedenvironment for rural Michigan in Il)S5. Phase II was an in-depth assessment of the implications of survey data. A review ofthese findings and projections was made with 200 rural andfarm leaders in Fehruary 1l)72. Reviews of a decade later provedthe Project 'SO statistics were far too conservative.

Phase III was to be an ongoing process. ANR and CES wouldinteract with state agricultu ral organizations. Among theprojections were that the number of farms would continue todecrease, size of farms would go up, and farm specializationwould be a way of life. The report also noted that the numberof public employees, including CES, that worked with producersat the production practice level had increased. The conclusion?Although the ratio of public employees to service recipients

C;Ul1lt l'O}W from flngnllll<~_' gmtl - chest'11l'1Hl.!, tretlted for D[)T P()l\()J1/ng·

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Dairy speciaiis: Don Hillman supplied. 'instant ansu'ers" to dair-:-.' farmers by'

providing. computerized rations.

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would change, total numbers would drop off. This would speedup adoption of new technologies, and productivity wouldcontinue upward.

Electronic ManagementAs computer technology entered successive new

generations, it found many more uses in farm businessanalysis. In the 1960's, grants from the Kellogg Foundation hadcatalyzed the development of "TelFarm" and "TelPlan" for farmrecord keeping and decision making. Specialist John Donethbecame known as the "father" of Michigan's computerizedsystem. Each year more than 1,200 farm records weresummarized by TelFarm. Ag economists Doneth, Leonard Kyle,Everett Elwood, M.P. "Mike" Kelsey, Ralph Hepp, StephenHarsh and Roy Black gave leadership to the use of newcomputer applications. William Ruble, W.A. "Bill" Dexter andJames Mulvaney managed the data processing details at MSU'sComputer Center.

Meanwhile, Harsh and Black had created more than 30programs ranging from determining least-cost rations toprojecting farm cash flows. District farm management staff andagricultural agents could access a University of Michigancomputer via phone lines and a touch tone telephone. From afarm kitchen phone jack, an agent could input data and obtainanswers on "Svnthia," U of M's voice response computer. In1970, 19 counties could access the computer by phone orteletype. Ten years later more than 40 offices had directconnections and their own terminals. District agents assistedcounty staff in the computerized management project, whichdrew national attention. The farm management agents includedNorman Bless, Donald Hearl, James Myers, Kenneth Swansonand Conard "Bud" Search. They worked closely with campusspecialists in farm management.

Project leader John Doneth , who had masterminded much ofthe computerized project, retired in 1972. Leonard Kyle, EverettElwood and "Dick" Hartwig in the U.P. soon followed. RalphHepp and Steve Harsh had joined the staff in the late sixties.Roy Black, Sherrill Nott and Gerald Schwab came a few yearslater. In a dozen years, Michigan's farm management projecthad become one of the most respected in the nation.

The Energy Crunch-Energy on the farm was a majorconcern of the seventies. Would there be enough? How highwould prices go? How can we conserve it? Do we need anational policy? In 1977 Director Guyer appointed a "CESEnergy Task Force." Agricultural engineer Bill Stout was thechairman. Others included agent Paul Thompson, SpecialistsLee Schull and Alvin Rippen and agricultural economicschairman Larry Connor. First on the agenda was an awareness.Many farmers were not convinced there really was an energyshortage-just inequitable distribution and politics.

Stout and the energy staff conducted countless meetings,appeared on radio and TV, published thousands of publicationsand helped with hundreds of energy exhibits. "Conservation is

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the first and simplest step," Stout contended and added, "it'srelatively easy to limit energy demands hy increased efficiencyand reduction of waste." Energy awareness days were held inmore than 30 counties. Energy considerations were fundamentalof all agricultural practices.

Energy was the main topic for a 1Y/7 Commissioners Day.There was an energy day at Farmers' Week; energy sparked thetheme for the week in 1L)79. Field days, demonstrations andtours always had energy as a prime consideration. In IlJ7tl theMichigan Energy Administration sponsored a grant for a pilotstudy of energy use in agriculture. Stout and Connor directedthe study. A new T ell'lan computer program analyzedindividual farm energy demands. The energy education effortcontinued well into the 1YSO's. New alcohol plants appeared."Gasohol" would bring double benefits. Alcohol-gasoline was acheaper fuel, and the alcohol could be distilled from surpluscorn.

Boost to Small Farmers-Even with the irreversible trendtoward larger commercial farms, nearly three-fourths of allMichigan farms were small or part-time units in 1976. Thatyear, farm management specialist Ralph Hepp was named tohead a two-year program to assist such farm operators. The goalwas to improve production efficiency of small units, increasefood production and provide better standards of life for allresidents. Director Guyer appointed the task force to cnab]« theExtension staff to better serve the thousands of small farmersthroughout the state. Serving with Hepp were specialists "Mike"Kelsey, Milton Erdmann, Steven Bacrrsche and agriculturalagents from counties having large numbers of small and part-time farmers.

The small farmer programs continued. Special efforts heganearlier to help low-income farmers and rural residents. Otheragricultural activities focused on minorities, migrant workers,residents of Indian reservations and in concentrations of hlacksin rural areas such as Cass, Lake and Muskegon counties.Agricultural agents also assisted with urban gardening,particularly in metro areas. Gardening was spawned hy specialgrants in the Expanded Nutrition Program and also hy steadilyrising food costs, which spurred greater interest in homegardening. Some counties employed program assistants and aidesto work exclusively with home gardeners. Training of "MasterGardeners" was one of the period's most successful ventures.Across the state, several hundred volunteers gave many hoursto gardening know-how.

Integrated Pest Management-Increased use of pesticidesand a stream of new regulations from EPA (EnvironmentalProtection Agency) and OSHA (Occupational Safety andHealth Administration) mandated a need for alternative pestcontrols. Nationally, a new Integrated Pest Management ([PM)system was developed, and federal funds were grunted forsupport. Nematologist George Bird coordinated the MiLhiganeffort in the Department of Entomology. IPM later hecameintegrated with the agriculture-marketing staff.

Farmers' Week-For more than 50 years, the annualFarmers' Week had been a mid-winter event. Initially held III

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January, with student enrollments at 40,000 the campus hecameextremely congested at mid-term. In 1969 the dates were shiftedto March to coincide with MSU's between-term spring break.The event has continued on those dates ever since-oftenattracting an inevitable spring snowstorm. Tom Thorburn,agriculture-marketing program leader, became Farmers' Weekcoordinator in 1979. He succeeded Byron Good who had retireda year earlier and died during the 1979 event.

"Food, America's Essential Resource"-Promotion ofagricultural trade and a public awareness of u.s. foodproduction was a pilot campaign in 1978. Radio and televisionspots, news articles and publications were used to boost puhlicawareness. Spearheading the project were specialists SheilaMorley , Vern Sorenson and John Ferris. CES staff alsomounted a public information campaign for a new "MichiganAgricultural-Marketing and Bargaining Act" passed in 1973,known as "P.L. 344." Information for the campaign wasgenerated hy James Shaffer and colleagues in agriculturaleconomics. In Southwest Michigan, marketing agent (lIen Antlegave leadership for improved sales of the state's strawherry crop.Agent John Trocke, who had developed new techniques formarketing celery and Christmas trees, developed "Managementfor Profit" for workshops for agribusiness managers.

In 1978, all district horticulture and marketing agents weregiven dual responsibilities for both areas in eight locations.district horticulture agents William Maclean, Charles Kesner,T.M. "Mike" Thomas and Robert J. Van Klompenberg assumedthe new dual titles. Only Glen Antle in Berrien retained hisdistrict marketing agent title until retirement. By 1979, onlythree consumer information agents remained. Offices were in

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Detroit, Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids. All such positions wereto terminate only a few years later.

SummaryMichigan's agricultural profile continued inevitable change

in another decade. Trends moved uninterrupted: fewercommercial farmers, larger farm units, ever greaterinvestments-all still added up to a cost-profit squeeze. Forfarmers, more dollars were coming in, but more were beingspent. The space-age farmer could call home on a CB radiofrom an air-conditioned tractor cab, finish dinner and theevening news and then make the day's entries on his officecomputer.

Farmers of 1980 still needed a wide array of information fordecision-making. Their business was increasingly more complexand sophisticated. They needed to select from hundreds of seedvarieties, fertilizers, chemicals, feeds and farm supplies. Oftenthey needed to be an agronomist, engineer, veterinarian andeconomist. Most important-all had to be good managers. Thesewere heady responsibilities. Commerical farming continued toturn to Extension for help. The county agent "generalist" couldstill supply many of the answers or call in specialists when moretechnical expertise was required.

To provide assistance, CES staff still relied on the time-honored educational meeting as well as tours, field days anddemonstrations-and, as time permitted, one-on-oneconsultation. "Ag" agents also worked in activities and eventsfor small farmers, those with low incomes and the ruralresidents who "always wanted to know something aboutfarming." Program assistants often extended work of countystaff. The computer was a powerful ally. But it could providebut a fraction of the needed answers. As the decade closed,projections for agriculture in year 2000 already were appearing.The die was already cast in the 30 years of 1950-80. "Farms ofthe twenty-first century will be of two classes," one predictionwent on, "commercial farms, less than 10 percent of the total,will produce 95 percent of the output. The non-commercial class(90%) will derive most income from off-farm sources but controla large natural resource base.'" The brief history in these pagesdocuments that Michigan was well along toward this projection.

As the 1970's began, there were signs of hope for the endof the unpopular war in Vietnam. There were violentprotests, and the very bastions of government were

challenged. There was social unrest and serious attacks on "theestablishment." While there was sincere concern for naturalresources and the environment, a program emphasis on thenatural resources seemed a narrow spectrum for education whendozens of public policy issues were surfacing. Thus, a programthat had vacillated from "Community Resource Development"to the natural resources seemed once again to have need for abroadened emphasis.

The first step was taken when the program again became

Resource Development:

Human and Natural

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Resource Development in 1969. It was probably speeded whenthe Michigan Department of Conservation became theDepartment of Natual Resources (DNR). The College ofAgriculture had added Natural Resources to the title in 1966.The abundance of "resource" titles added to confusion. It wasto be compromised once again as the administrative structurechanged under Director Guyer.

Program LeadershipE iner Olstrom had become leader for the newly created

Natural Resources program in the 1965 reorganization.When the ponderous titles of County Extension NaturalResource Agents were changed four years later under DirectorMcintyre, the Natural Resources program once again became"Resource Development." Though the CES project was notsynonymous with the college department of the same name, thetitle remained for five more years when it became "NaturalResources-Public Policy (NR-PP)."

A few years earlier, Howard Tanner had been named"Director of Natural Resources" when the "ag" college titleadded "natural resources." Four departments in the NaturalResource Division comprised the primary support units forOlstrom's program: Fisheries and Wildlife, Forestry, ResourceDevelopment and Park and Recreation Resources. There were17 specialists, all on joint appointments with research orteaching. Specialists Robert Mcintosh in HRI (hotel, restaurantand institutional management) and Jean McFadden in foodscience had expertise in tourism. Five public policy specialists inagricultural economics provided additional resources incommunity development and public affairs.

In the field, Olstrom had assembled five district programleaders. They functioned much like program staff on the campusto give leadership to county programs and provide liaison withcampus departments-Ray Gummerson in Marquette, JohnHodge in Petoskey, James Neal in Flint, Boyd Wiggins inMarshall and Charles Kaufman at MSU. Only a handful ofcounty staff had titles dealing with resource development.County Extension directors nominally assumed leadership forlocal efforts for the program.

Changing of the Guard-In 1974 Director Guyer announcedan organizational restructure. Agriculture and Marketingprograms were combined, and Resource Development washenceforth to be "Natural Resources-Public Policy." EinerOlstrom guided the NR-PP program until his retirement in1977. He was replaced by Adger Carroll who came to Michiganfrom Mississippi.

Shortly after the 1974 reorganization, John Hodge was namedsupervisor for a new northern region. He was replaced by DeanRhoads, who had been a CED in the U.P. His headquarterswere moved to Traverse City. Charles Kaufman, a "majorresource" for planning and zoning, retired but was not replaced.When Frank Molinare died in 1977, Ray Gummerson, long-timeagent and district leader, became U.P. supervisor. He wassucceeded by Thomas Quinn, who had been with the Sea-

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Grant program. James Neal resigned in 1978. His replacementwas Helen Willis, the first woman to he a district leader.

Program ThrustsAs the decade began, educational programs focused on

management of the natural resources; c.g., forests, water,land and wildlife. Tourism and recreation remained assomewhat token efforts. Half-time specialist Robert Mclntoshand Jean Mcfadden, food service management specialist,attempted to cover the state. Tourism had become Michigan'sNo.2 or 3 industry (depending on whose statistics were usedl).While the Department of Park and Recreation Resources hadseven specialists (or a portion of these) their programs werefocused more on public recreation than tourism.

But unmistakahly, there was a swelling of concern for waterpollution, chemical toxicity, threats to wildlife and humanhealth. In short, there was a spiraling interest-even near panicwith respect to the quality of the environment. Sportsmen'sgroups, conservationists and the general puhlic united in adetermined outcry against waste dumping, runoff, undergroundcontamination and other threats to ecological balance,Extension mounted programs, organized task forces and createdenvironmental awareness to meet the challenge. That challengefrequently posed questions for which there were no simpleanswers.

Managing the Natural Resources-As the decade began,there was a limited specialist staff for expertise in naturalresources. Forestry had veteran Lester Bell who had been joinedpart-time bv Melvin Koelling and James Kiclbaso. Roy Skog wasin the U.P. Henry "Hank" Huber had moved from the formerforest products department with focus on wood utilizntion. Butit was a small staff for a state in which half the land area wascovered with trees.

In fisheries and wildlife only Robert George remained, to bejoined later hy Fred White, (JIl'l1 Duddcrur , Charles Liston andDaniel Talhelus.

Chairman Louis F. "Lou" Twardzik of park and recreationresources also doubled as Extension specialist. On hoard withhim were Eugene Dice, Roger Murray and Paul Risk. Riskdeveloped "notoriety" for the outdoor "Challenge" program. Ahalf dozen other specialists came on. Most were concerned withparks planning and management.

Natural Resorces gained stature when, in 1976, "NaturalResource Days" became part of Farmers' Week. An earlychairperson was Rupert Cutler who had joined the resourcedevelopment staff in 19{3. Cutler maintained liaison with stateand federal agencies dealing with natural rcsou rcc policies. Heleft MSU for a post in USDA.

Toward A Better Environment-In a wide-spectrumapproach, a quality environment was a major concern for allExtension programs as the 1970's opened. MSU opened aCenter for Environmental Quality known as the BE-QualCenter," headed bv Vice President Milton Muclder. Extension

:\ ~n'\i lllL; .Jr1d\ (I/ll1()(ldlJl\ tdll,(l cill'

111fl(7dnJ'th'dllliit '\'(H10d! /\l'\(llHln III [he

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The urrrer -u'Onderland - a natural stagefor marine agent5.

organized a task force for environmental quality in 1970 toassume an emphasis in all CES projects. Eugene Dice wasappointed chair by Director Mcintyre with "Bob" George theliaison with natural resource groups. In the southeast area, DELJames Neal got people involved for a new "Greenhorn Ecology"project.

Environmental considerations were incorporated into manyExtension projects. Farmers were helped in controlling waterrunoff and phosphates that had destroyed hundreds ofMichigan ponds and lakes. Homemakers were discouraged fromusing detergents which added phosphates in sewage andgroundwater. 4-H members founded environmental clubs. Thestate task force organized a special "Earth Day" April 22, 1970.

Conserving Energy-When the Arab world imposed an oilembargo in 1973-74, the major importers like the U.S. were innear panic. Gasoline prices doubled, then tripled. The$1-per-gallon barrier was broken, never to return. Home heatingcosts doubled. Utility bills soared. Farmers who had substitutedpower for labor suddenly were caught in an upward productioncost spiral. "Politics!" many decried, "no real shortage, we'remerely caught in a world power play."

Extension mounted massive educational programs. Task forceswere formed. County energy committees organized.Conservation groups sprang up. Even firewood became a scarcegood. As chairman of the CES Energy Task Force, ag engineer"Bill" Stout organized a far-flung awareness campaign toconvince skeptics there was a real shortage.

Farmers organized to produce alcohol from surplus corn andmake "gasohol." Homeowners turned out in droves to learnhow to "retrofit" their homes, add insulation, prevent heat loss,"dial down" and cut utility bills. Home economists and programaides learned "fixit" programs such as "You Can Do It." 4-Hyoungsters conducted hundreds of energy-use surveys. The StateDepartment of Energy made a series of grants to 4-H forextensive educational awareness programs that reached morethan 20,000 youngsters. Program leader Lowell Rothert directedthe statewide project. Almost every county held "energy days."For three years, energy conservation remained a priorityprogram, and Natural Resources-Public Policy staff were at theforefront for completing a Michigan Energy Conservation Plan.

Sea Grant-In the mid-sixties Congress authorized thenational Sea Grant program with a goal to improve the nation'smarine resources. The University of Michigan and MSUcooperated on research and educational projects to tackleproblems of declining water quality, shoreline erosion,commercial fishing distress and other facets related toMichigan's 3,000 miles of shoreline. Chairman Niles Kevern offisheries and wildlife was the campus liaison with U of M, andspecialist Eugene Dice headed a newly created Marine AdvisoryService.

In 1977, Charles Pistis and Stephen Stewart were appointedthe first "District Marine Agents" in Grand Haven and Mt.Clemens. Later, such agents were employed in St. Joseph,Marquette and Traverse City. These agents were employed forcompetence in fisheries, economics, recreation and public policy.

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The advisory service provided to operators on Michigan'swaterfronts the educational counterpart of agriculture to thestate's farmers.

Water, Water Everywhere-With the state surrounded hythe Great Lakes and awash in thousands of lakes and rivers,water is a taken-for-granted Michigan resource. But with rapidpopulation increases, water was polluted, diverted and over-used, and waterways were filled with the runoff of eroded lands.In 1973, Extension established the "CLAW" project. CLAWwas the acronym for "committee on land and water." SpecialistsEckhart Dersch and Larry Libbv chaired the activity.

Water and watersheds were a new concern for the state's soilconservation districts. Conservationists Russell Hill, DonaldScharner and Dersch provided state leadership. Puhlic Law 566provided for technical assistance. A Genesee project helpeddevelop the Flint River. CEO David Olson organized anOscoda project to save the Au Sable. A watershed commissionin Charlevoix pooled resources for a "Save the Jordan River"project. The Cedar River in northwest Michigan was yetanother project.

Forests and Trees-Long after statehood, more than half ofMichigan landscape remained tree-covered. For over 50 years,MSU foresters had helped to manage these vast forest lands. Noless so in the 1970's. Foresters Bell, Skog and Koellingconducted hundreds of meetings to encourage bettermanagement-from state/federal forests to small farm woodlots.A 1971 program in lower Michigan discovered 2,000 absenteeowners of forest lands in the north. Again, Oscoda's Olsonworked with foresters to conduct a far-ranging educational effortto assist "foreign" owners in managing their forest holdings.

A year or two later the energy crisis arrived. With heating oilprices shooting skyward there was an immediate interest inwood as fuel. Hundreds of inquiries were received on woodutilization. Wood stoves and heaters were sold hy the hu ndrcds.Agents and specialists were inundated with requests onequipment and safety requirements. Forester "Hank" Huber andsafety specialist Richard Pfister spearheaded the campaign tohelp those who elected to return to pioneer days and woodburners.

Rural Development-For two decades, state and federalefforts had targeted development of rural areas. Programs withtitles of RD, RAD, RCD, EDD-and more-had pumpedthousands of federal dollars into rural Michigan. Dozens ofproposals were written, new grants came each year and ruralMichigan tried to sort out how these could best be used.

In early 1970, Manfred Thullen, specialist in resourcedevelopment, was named project leader for yet another effort inrural development. A national Rural Development Service wasestablished in 1971. The goals included improved housing, landuse, community betterment, natural resource management andeconomic production ventures. On the state level, DirectorMcIntyre served on a Council on Rural Affairs. Title V of theRural Development Act provided for a host of projectsthroughout the state.

Better Living for Michigan Communities-Under the flag

\\'~Hi.'r,lultl'r l't enHht'H' ,\1 iL'hu.!dTl '$

pnu'[c\\ rt'\()lth't' (Ind lOll[iTllwl CES

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-----

of "Community Resource Development," a new program hadcome to the Extension Service in 1959. William Kimball was itsfirst program leader. And 25 years later he was still a specialistin the Department of Resource Development. Over that span, ahost of programs came and went. In 1969, Manfred Thullencame from North Carolina to give an assist to CRD programs.In 1972, Donna Sweeny came to the department from MSU'sCenter for Urban Affairs to head a new communityorganization unit. Elizabeth Mowery also came on the staff todirect a new program in rural housing.

A three-year grant from the Kellogg Foundation in the earlyseventies created a statewide leadership program which became"New Horizons." Over the length of the grant, more than 150community leaders participated. A later program broughtP-A-C-E, Public Affairs for Community Education, directed byGaye Benson. Later, some 60 CES staff took part in a unique"Quest for Quality" program, which included seminars, statetrips and both national and international travel tours.Specialists "Bill" Kimball and Ralph Hepp directed the trainingand in 1973 received the John A. Hannah Award for ProgramExcellence in this area.

New Horizons-This unique program was once described as"a crash course in civics without the rigidity of classroomprotocol." Funds from Rural Development helped get theprogram underway. After three years it ran on its own power.program director Einer Olstrom and specialists "Bill" Kimballand Manfred Thullen provided much of the leadership. Theidea sprang from an earlier statewide Kellogg Foundation projectin rural leadership for young farmers. Community groups of30-50 organized to plan a two- or three-year agenda. The goalwas to have a better understanding of social, economic andpolitical influences within a community. The main thrust was togain knowledge of the processes by which decisions are made.

Participants set their own rules and invited in local officials,business and community leaders, state legislators andorganization heads. They also visited other counties, otherregions of the state, other states, and even foreign countries.New Horizons groups continued for nearly ten years. Morethan a thousand local leaders took part in the sessions held inareas from Detroit to the Upper Peninsula. The result of theprograms was a better-informed citizenry and dozens of peoplebetter equipped to assume roles in public office, communityorganizations and leadership positions.

New Center Formed-A grant from the Kellogg Foundationenabled a new thrust for the Rural Manpower Center. Kelloggfunds enabled expansion of public policy programs. The centerwas renamed the Center for Rural Manpower and PublicAffairs. Raymond Vlasin, who joined the staff of resourcedevelopment in 1971, was named to head the new venture.When Vlasin was promoted to chairman of the Department ofResource Development in 1975, ag economist James Shafferbecame director of the center.

Shaffer's staff included Alvin House, Leanna Steifel, LawrenceLibby and Bernadette Ferres-all public affairs specialists. JamesBooth, Frank Bobbitt and Collette Moser remained on the staff.

------------------------- ---------------------- - -------------------------

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Allen Shapley moved to a position as labor economist in farmmanagement.

The revised center gave a concerted impetus to public policyeducation. House became one of the state's leading authoritieson state and local government. Later, Thomas Martin andLynn Harvey were named district agents for public policy. GaveBenson and Beth Moore directed special programs in trainingwomen for leadership roles in public policy. The base had beenfirmly established for the title change to Natural Resources andPublic Policy (NR-PP).

Manpower Agreement-Cooperation with the U.S.Department of Labor and the Michigan Employment SecurityCommission brought about a new venture in manpowerplanning in rural areas. In 1971, two "Extension ManpowerAgents" were employed for a pilot effort. George Mansell wasassigned to Allegan and Lynn Harvey to Sanilac. Later RoySpangler filled a similar position in Clare. These agentsassembled data on local labor needs and available manpowerand worked with business and community leaders to plan jobalternatives and skills training. The project was discontinued in1974 when the special funding ended.

Title V Development for Rural Michigan-Over a five-yearperiod, 1974-79, more than 60 projects were carried on underthis federally funded program. More than half a million dollarswere allocated to educational and research projects withindividual grants rarely exceeding $10,000. MSU received aboutthree-fourths of the grants allocated by a state rural affairscouncil. Projects ranged from a week's assessment for ruraldevelopment in the Traverse City area by NorthwesternMichigan College to a training program for Michigan Indiansdeveloped by MSU's Department of Resource Development.

Specialists "Bill" Kimball and Manfred Thullen directed acomprehensive public opinion survey of contemporary issues inMichigan from 1974-77. More than 20,000 questionnaires weredistributed. The respondents rated three issues of priorityimportance: (1) job opportunity (2) energy conservation and (3)crime prevention. The survey aided CES and other publicagencies in setting priorities for educational and active programs.

QwJ pro cit'" - Food sen tee specialistand ad! 'isor set's her name in lights atretirement {lwC\ (\·t. I, 1970.

Measure of Michigan - never -ending linesof rounsts, campers and sports enthusiastsmade tourism a major industry.

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Family Living programs were unmistakably shifted in the1970's. Many forces were challenging the traditional,nuclear family. The decade was to add still others that

would severely test family structure. Inflation and energy priceswould send living costs skyward. And, by 1979 a plummetingauto industry, a weak state economy and a crippling recessionwould result in record-breaking unemployment. Collectively,these factors posed a grim outlook for many families and aheady challenge to all groups dedicated to helping people.

As the decade opened, programs were already shifting tobetter serve urban audiences, low-income groups and minorities.Affirmative action and new funding made such directionsinescapable. The energy shortage and rampant inflation onlycompounded the needs of target audiences. There wereenormous mandates for expanded and innovative educationalefforts. But a small staff of home economists and campusspecialists produced laudable results for many of Michigan'snearly three million families.

Michigan Families:

People andNew Concerns

State ProgramLeadershipWhen Lois Humphrey left Family Living after six years

(1968-74>,George Stachwick was transferred as actinghead of FLE for a year. He had directed the marketing programfollowing Bob Kramer's departure in 1965. The day-to-daystrategies of Family Living were managed by program leaderGail Imig, a former EHE who came to the state staff in 1970.

Doris Wetters came from Hawaii to rejoin the Michigan staff.She had been with the Consumer Marketing staff in the 1950'sand later was program leader in Family Living under MiriamKelley. Wetters earned a Ed.D. degree at Penn State, worked forExtension in New York state and then moved to Hawaii.

A number of changes also occurred among program leaders.Betty Ketcham, who had joined the state staff in 1964,transferred to the new ENP program. Home economists IreneOtt and Arvella Curtis had also come on the state staff-Ottfrom Genesee County and Curtis from Eaton County. Bothwere transferred to district supervisory teams in the 1974reorganization.

When Doris Wetters returned, she named Sandra Clarksonand Sue Schram as program leaders. Clarkson was completingan MSU degree, and Schram had been Ottawa EHE. The sameyear Phillis Cooper and Wilma Miller joined the state programstaff. Miller, a former Mecosta EHE, became program leaderand coordinated the annual College Week. She had directed theevent on a part-time basis since 1967. Cooper, formerShiawassee EHE, took charge of the special family project andleft in 1977.

In 1977-78, three additional appointments were made to theFLE program staff: Mary L. Andrews as evaluation specialistand later state program leader; Sharon L. Anderson from KentCounty to direct a coordinated effort with urban families in

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conjunction with 4-H; and Joan Witter reappointed to assumeduties of Sue Schram, who went to the USDA on an IPA(Intergovernmental Personnel Act) assignment. Witter hadearlier been employed in Consumer Marketing.

Leadership for the new Expanded Nutrition Program hadvacillated for a year, but the decision was made to administer itin Family Living, and in 1970, Jerry Halm, 4-H agent inKalamazoo, came to campus to head the program. He held thepost until 1977 when he was appointed regional supervisor. Hewas replaced by Linda Nierman. In Genesee County she hadheaded one of the largest nutrition programs in the state. Latershe was named associate director for Family Living Education.

New College N arneAs the seventies began, the College of Home Economics

became the College of Human Ecology in 1970.Following Dean Jeannette Lee's retirement, Lois Lund became

dean January 1, 1973. Robert Rice, a department chair in thecollege, served as interim dean until Dean Lund arrived fromOhio State. Prior to the college name change, Extensionspecialists were in Departments of Clothing and Textiles, Foodsand Nutrition, Home Management and Child Development andInstitutional Administration. Extension specialists also workedin areas of home furnishings, family life and health education.

In the newly organized College of Human Ecology,departments became: Human Environment and Design, Familyand Child Science, and Family Ecology. At about the sametime as the college change, the foods and nutrition departmentwas merged into a joint Department of Food Science andHuman Nutrition administered by the Colleges of HumanEcology and Agriculture and Natural Resources. Later, familyand child sciences was combined with family ecology to formthe Department of Family and Child Ecology. The College ofHuman Ecology now had three academic departments and anInstitute for Family and Child Study.

State Project LeadershipFamily Living specialists for the decade included Marilyn

Mook, Mary Kerr, Carolyn Lackey, Sharon Kennedy andAnita Dean in foods and nutrition; Joan Thurber (Schultink},Margaret Boschetti, Sue H. Kuehne and Isabel Jones, humanenvironment and design; Anne Field and Irene Hathaway,home management; Jeanne Brown, Eugene Peisner, David Imig,Betty Garlick, Delores Borland and Joanne Keith, family andchild ecology. Specialist staff retiring during the decade wereLucille Ketchum and Barbara Ferrar in home management andPortia Morris in foods and nutrition.

Long-time careers for a number of EHE's ended, and morethan 50 new EHE's were appointed from 1970-79. Rapidpersonnel turnover continued. Retiring were: Jeanette Shadkoand Marion Maxon, Benzie; Ina Redman, Berrien; IngridTervonnen, Delta; Edna Alsup, Grand Traverse; LorraineSprague, Gratiot; Annette Schaeffer, Ingham; Ruth Beale,Jackson; Alfreda McGuire, Kent; Luella Hamilton, Manistee;

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Elizabeth Nickell, Muskegon; Jean Leach, Osceola; DelilahKeller, St. Clair, and Helen Meach, Arenac. In 1973, Shadkobecame the first woman County Extension Director. She andMaxon both ended careers as county directors in BenzieCounty. Martha Kuhn, Barry EHE, died in 1974, and bothAnnette Schaeffer and Ingrid Tervonnen died shortly after theirretirements.

Focus on FamiliesProgramming through "educational impact areas" changed

the specialist alignment directly with departments. Plansof work were organized around: Nutrition, Health and Safety;Family Resource Management; Family Life and PersonalDevelopment; Leadership, Organization and Development andan area of Community Development and Public Affairs. Withinall projects, emphasis was given to resource management, healthand energy. The advent of the Expanded Nutrition Programmeant that nearly half of the total staff effort was directedtoward nutrition education throughout the 1970's. In 1978 theentire Family Living program was reviewed in a three-dayseminar planned by Program Director Wetters and her staff.The review team included Jeanne Priester and Ava Rodgers ofES-USDA, Ohio Home Economics Leader Naurine McCormickand MSU Assistant Vice President Marvlee Davis.

Quality of Living-"A People and a Spirit," the nationalExtension study of the late sixties, pointed to "quality of living"as a major focus for future programs. The study concluded thatby 1975 the professional staff across the U.S. should bedoubled. In addition there was a need for an estimated 47,000sub-professional workers. The priority clientele for FamilyLiving, the report noted, should include the disadvantaged, thealienated and the young married. The mandates of the 1964Civil Rights Act were clearly evident.

Without the federal funds for the Expanded NutritionProgram, such lofty goals for future programs would haveremained desirable but distant. While ENP did steer programsin a somewhat narrow spectrum of nutrition, by 1975 resourcesin Family Living had nearly doubled. And, much of the targetaudience was made up of the disadvantaged and minorities.Audiences had also shifted from rural to urban. "Now thatthere are no longer boundary lines between 'rural' and 'urban,'the Extension function is called upon to serve families regardlessof residence." That was a study report conclusion.

Life Style 1970-0n the home front, the economy wasbeginning to settle out after the disastrous war in Vietnam.Modest inflation was usually offset by more and more womenentering the work force. A salary/wage of $10,000 wasconsidered good for the family bread winner. A price of$30,000-$40,000 would buy a comfortable surburban home. Inrural Michigan the figure was even lower. A 1970 model carwas under $4,000.

Then came the Arab oil embargo. Gasoline shot to $1 pergallon. Home heating bills doubled and tripled and kept ongoing-up. The price index was up to 157 by 1974. By 1980 ithad more than doubled from 1967 levels. Inflation set in. It was

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merciless. First at 5-6% each year, then to "double digit" figuresof 10-12%. Many families struggled. They had to manage toearn more income or cut back on bills-or both.

The exhortation to "cheer up, things could be worse" wasmock humor. It got worse. By 1979 Michigan's auto industrywas in serious trouble. Factories closed. Unemployment lines gotlonger. Family dilemmas were not only in dollars and cents.There were social and psychological side effects. Divorce ratesshot up. Crime went unchecked. Family members facedemotional depression as wage earners were out of work formonths, even years. How to cope? That was a central question.Family Living staff collaborated on hundreds of projects toreduce energy costs, manage wisely, shop smart, stretch dollarsand maintain family stability.

"The Family of the Future" was one of the reports of MSU's"Project '80 and 5 in 1972." "Despite all you hear aboutcommunes and unmarried people living together," the reportnoted, "the nuclear family will remain the dominant socialgrouping." But there were unmistakable changes. New termsentered the vocabulary: "life style" was one. People could electalternatives. Many did. Women demanded equal rights, andthere was a new militancy. The movement for liberation ofAmerican females was often irreverently named "women's lib."Studies showed that there would be a greater number of familymembers over 65, fewer children per family and parentscompleting child rearing at an earlier age. For a time, a youthculture would prevail. Study predictions, along with anincreasing trend of women working all had implications forfuture programming.

"Total Family" Approach-In 1973, David Imig, specialist infamily and child sciences, was named to head a task force toemphasize programming for the "total family." The focus was ona concern for the environment and its natural cycles andindividuals as contained within communities and the family.The program effort was an attempt to have all agents in acounty focus on programming for husbands, wives and children.Family Living was not just the province of home economists.Education took on new aspects with thrusts targeted to minorityand low-income audiences. Many of these were single-parentfamilies. Out of the coordinated program grew a series entitled"Managing for Success."

Inflation and Energy-Inflation in the flat Michiganeconomy posed new problems for families in stretching limitedresources. Home economists mounted programs in budgetingand management. Specialist Irene Hathaway started familyfinance exercises on Extension's TelFarm system. Her efforts in"Dollar Watch" and "Steps into Spending" earned her the 1977John A. Hannah Award for Program Excellence. In a prioryear, Sheila Morley and Ada Shinabarger of the ConsumerMarketing staff won the award for "Shopping on a Shoestring"in Grand Rapids, Lansing and Muskegon. Wayne EHE KathyBufton won the award in 1971 for her work with low-incomefamilies in the model cities program. Family Living staffcaptured a majority of the prestigious Hannah awards duringthe decade. Branch EHE Bethel Schmidt teamed with farmmanagement agent Conard "Bud" Search on a human resource

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.\'eH concctn and nett program --

"Expanded \lutritiot}" sets il neH mode ojteat-hing arul .'Ol"'(t'i(e fe)"( Extension.

Eating Better-In 1974, the Expanded Nutrition Program(ENP) observed a fifth anniversary. A special observance alsomarked ten years for the program in 1979 when it becameknown as EFNEP for "Expanded Food and Nutrition EducationProgram." Over a ten-year span more than 100,000 familiesparticipated, and more than $15 million in federal funds wereexpended. In the peak years, some 140 program aides wereemployed. More than 500 worked at some time during the years1969-79. Many were motivated to continue education, earndegrees, get off welfare or take new jobs as aspirations climbedand self esteem rose as one of the program spinoffs.

Primary leadership for county programs usually came fromExtension home economists. In counties with large participation,EHE's were given full-time appointments for ENP. The 4-HYouth agents also assumed a role when a youth component wasadded for nutrition education. A federal guideline required thatone-fourth of all funds be allocated for nutrition education foryouth. The most extensive efforts were in Wayne, Oakland,Macomb, Genesee, Kent, Ingham, Kalamazoo and Berrien. Atone time, 20 counties were participating.

"EFNEP has lasting effects" was a conclusion from a 1979program summary when the tenth anniversary was celebrated.Participating families were eating more of the basic food groups,had learned skills in food buying, meal planning and foodpreparation. Homemakers also reported more confidence inmanagement, using community resources and in teaching others .Improved nutrition and the unique education program provided

development program to take the honor in 1975. All of theseprograms were targeted to cope with inflation and energyconservation.

A Guide to GoodUse Dalli

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an opening for other learning experiences with low-incomefamilies. Hundreds of activities for boys and girls weredeveloped to teach nutrition and relate good food habits tohealth and well-being. Funding through the ComprehensiveEducation and Training Act (CET A) and from other state andfederal sources enabled substantial additions to nutrition as wellas to other Family Living programs. Metro counties often hadas many as 15-20 program assistants and aides to multiplyExtension offerings. EFNEP had provided the model. Nutritionprogram aides were frequently winners of the annual "EqualOpportunity" awards.

As federal appropriations continued to level out and costskept rising, programs were gradually cut back. Inflation took atoll on the new nutrition programs. As funds remained static,aides were dropped, and ultimately entire county programs werediscontinued. Only half of the 20 counties could be funded asthe decade ended.

Throughout the ten-year priod, thanks to the federal ENPfunds, more than half of the FLE budget was allocated tonutrition education. But, CES had also discovered new ways toreach non-traditional, low-income groups. New offeringsincluded an educational potpourri such as "Vitality andVittles," "Children's Chowder," "Gardening by Mail," "Parefl\to Parent" and "Child Rearing for Single Fathers." In 1975,Director Guyer was appointed to the governor's State NutritionCommission.

"Mulligan Stew," a 13 week TV series, was developednationally for ENP. Media specialist Pat LaFiame was one of thedesigners. Thousands of Michigan youngsters viewed the serieson television, in schools or in ENP groups. In Detroit, an urbangardening program enrolled several thousand families. Detroitwas one of six cities given special grants for the "grow yourown" project. At MSU, nutritionist Sharon Kennedy directed anew Food Science and Education Center which opened in 1976.

Dozens of day camps and activity days were held for boys andgirls participating in the nutrition programs. In Berrien County,more than 200 youngsters took part in "4-H NutritionBasketball." In Kent, ENP staff developed education withv''Let'sMake a (Food) Deal" at a Salvation Army camp. EHE SharonAnderson organized a project on Indian nutrition for an inter-tribal council in Grand Rapids. Hundreds of unique activitieswere designed to help families improve their nutrition.

EFNEP often drew heavily on other CES resources andsometimes forced reductions in other areas of Family Living. Itwas an intensive effort that provided an irreversible trend inattracting new audiences and expanding program scope with thehelp of both paid paraprofessionals and volunteer leaders. Atthe tenth anniversary observance in 1979, awards went to morethan 30 aides who had been with EFNEP for the entire period.

A Wider FocusWhile nutrition may have been a dominant program of

the decade, there were many others. Hundreds of newactivities were conducted for new mothers, the handicapped,

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elderly, minorities, refugees, single parents-including singlefathers. Home economists met with many groups-from Indianreservations to housing development in Detroit, Flint orPontiac. There were programs on personal health, cancerdetection, weight loss, gardening, food preservation, communityaction, and leadership. Family Living staff held classes onmicrowave cooking, dieting, travel, parenting, self-esteem,interpersonal relationships, child development and use ofpersonal computers.

In 1977, FLE formed the first statewide Family Living Councilto serve as an advisory group for programming. Later a FamilyLiving Fund was set up to expand programs beyond the reachof appropriated dollars. In yearly planning, "ImpactCommittees" were organized to develop strategies for priorityprograms in the year ahead. Committees assembled stateobjectives to collect staff inputs and aggregate total impacts atyear's end. Mary Andrews gave leadership to the compiling andevaluating of program impacts. Family Living was the first tomake an intensive effort in program evaluation.

Emphasis on Energy-No single effort had a moreconcentrated effort than programs related to household energy.

Michigan families had taken abundant energygranted. Natural gas was in ample supply.

lIUU:>ill"~" of new homes were connected each year. Electricitywas cheap. Every room in the home had several appliances orfixtures. Even in Michigan's often severe winters, heating costswere manageable.

That all changed in 1973. When the oil supply was curtailed,fuel costs soared. Heating bills doubled and tripled. Power costshad the same fate. Thermostats were dialed down. Lights wereturned off. Suddenly there was renewed interest in furnaces,water heaters, storm windows and insulation. There was even arun on firewood. Wood stoves became a kind of patriotic statussymbol.

With the energy crisis, inquiries and questions cascaded intoExtension offices. How can we save energy? What will cut bills?By 1976 the conventional wisdom was that "the U.S. hasserious energy problems-which are going to get worse." Andthey did!

When Director Guyer appointed Extension's Energy TaskForce, Family Living was represented by EHE Ruth Beale andspecialists Margaret Boschetti, Anne Field, Bonnie Morrisonand Jim Boyd. Counties founded energy committees. Homeeconomists were frequently "in the thick of things." Manypeople had to be convinced there was a real shortage. Althougha moot question, household costs zoomed upward. FamilyLiving was charged to "concentrate on household energyconservation ...ranging from home insulation to changing livinghabits to helping reduce energy consumption. II

Energy was on everyone's mind. Staff helped with energydays, expos, clinics, forums and workshops. They erectedhundreds of exhibits and arranged dozens of meetings. Theybecame knowledgeable on "R" factors and quilts for windows.They wrote dozens of articles, assembled tons of publications fordistribution. Volunteers were trained to make home energy

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audits and set up the exhibit "In the Bank or Up theChimney." Hundreds of families learned simple home repairs in"You Can Do It." So great was the interest that some countiese-nploved program assistants as "Energy Agents." Few topics inyears had captured the interest ot families like that of energyconservation. But education had shown a definite and oftenimmediate payoff.

Living With Inflation-As energy costs continued upwardescalation, a steady inflation added double jeopardy in heatingup the state economy. Food costs climbed higher, homeexpenses soared, gasoline went beyond the $1 per gallon mark.Family budgets were severely stretched. Even extra incomescould not keep up with "checkbook strain." Family Livingturned to "family resource management" to help bnlanccbudgets. Specialists Irene Hathaway, Judy Lazzaro and AnneField often turned to the computer. From it came "DollarWatch," "Steps Into Spending," "Dollars and Decisions" to helpanalyze spending.

As prices jumped to new highs, homes were selling for$100,000 and more. Every item in the family budget seemed toget more expensive. Incomes and wages jumped as well hutnever seemed to keep pace with the steady upward spiral of theconsumer index.

Home economists armed with budget forms, computerterminals and tips on money management took to shoppingmalls, fairs, community meetings, schools and union halls. Aidesand volunteers helped families look at budgets and find ways tosave. Families found they could save on grocery bills, cut utilitycosts and start more do-it-yourself projects. Families had anincreased awareness of spending patterns, debt positions, networth and financial management.

When the auto industry hit the skids, tens of thousands ofMichigan auto workers were unemployed. The economy headedfor a giant slump as unemployment benefits ran out and familiesapproached desperation.

To help, Family Living staff stepped up usc of the computerprograms. Families were now faced with incomes cut in half Of,

at times, none at all. A "Master Canner" program developed bynutrition specialists Carolyn Lackey and Sharon Kennedyhelped teach food preservation. The parallel "Master Gardener"effort also helped hundreds of families grow some of their foodand reduce trips to the supermarket. Sharon Andersonassembled a "Strerchin' and Growiri'" project to help ethnic andminority groups. Requests for help outstripped availnblcresources in financial management, but Family Living effortsdemonstrated that inflation fighter programs did make adifference.

Into the Public Arena-As family roles changed, womentook increasingly more interest in local communities. In 1977 aspecial grant provided for PACE (Public Affairs-CommunityEducation). Forty counties took part in the program in whichthe Michigan Townships Association and the League of Womenvoters collaborated. In 1978, some 400 county and state officialscame to College Week at MSU to take part in a "Family andGovernment Day." Program specialist Gave Benson provided

Homemakers learn pnnciples of wU7lShipgot'ernmenc from specialist Al House.

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Al,('m.l .lOmething neu to learn in clothing

construction, one 0/ the olde.lt program.1 in

4·H

4~H Youth:

Broader andDeeper Scope

leadership to the new project. Public affairs emphasis continuedwith direction from specialists Donna Sweeny and ElizabethMoore. By the end of the decade, public affairs had becomefirmly established as a priority and impact area for FamilyLiving.

Still later was to come (PAL) Public Affairs Leadership. In1977, Arvella Curtis travelled to Asia and Africa to excha ngepublic affairs information and also attend the AssociatedCountry Women of the World conference in Nairobi, Kenya.Throughout the 1970's, more than 12,000 participants attendedFamily Living's annual College Week. For her efforts incoordinating College Week each year, Wilma Miller received theJohn A. Hannah Award for Program Excellence in 1979.

Michigan Hosts National Council-In August 1973,Michigan Extension Homemakers were hosts for the 37thannual conference of the National Extension HomemakersCouncil at MSU. More than 1,400 delegates from 46 statesattended. The council had met in Michigan in 1953. Programleaders Irene Ott and Arvella Curtis headed arrangements alongwith state leader Lois Humphrey. Some 325 Michiganhomemakers assisted with program planning. Mrs. Peter Tack ofOkemos was program co-chair. The three-day program featureda former Miss America, Marilyn Van Derhur. Other speakerswere administrators Edwin L. Kirby and Opal Mann of theFederal Extension staff from Washington, D.C.

SummaryFamily Living programs made far-reaching changes in the

1970's. Emphasis shifted from the traditional homemakerclubs and Extension groups to a broad base of Michiganfamilies. Audiences also moved from middle-class, rural orsuburban women to the low-income, single-parent andminorities of the inner-city. Programs vividly illustrated that aneducational response could be generated to pressing issues suchas energy and inflation. But as programs expanded, a continueddilemma remained: How could a staff of 60 home economistsand a dozen MSU specialists be best organized to make asignificant impact on three million Michigan families?

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Participation in 4-H Youth programs reached new highsduring the 1970's. As the decade opened, about 100,000boys and girls were enrolled each year. Most were

members of traditional 4-H clubs. Over the ten-year span,dozens of new activities were developed for youth in urbanareas, the inner city, youngsters from low-income anddisadvantaged families. Special federal funds provided forexpanded programs in urban areas, and the Michigan 4-HFoundation gave added support for pilot and innovativeprograms. Then a transfer of a million dollars from theMichigan Department of Social Services' budget gave a giantboost to CES youth programs. Again, the emphasis was in theurban sector. Thousands of Michigan youngsters also enrolled

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in statewide TV activities in electricity, energy conservation,nutrition and international understanding.

By 1975, annual participation of youth exceeded a quartermillion. During the peak years, more than 200,000 4-H'ers wereenrolled in nearly 7,000 organized clubs or groups under theguidance of nearly 25,000 volunteer leaders. Expansion goalsdramatically increased participation by minority youth andyoungsters from low-income families in urban areas. It was nolonger a rural program. By 1978 less than 20 percent of theenrollment were farm youth. Rural leaders were concerned thata traditional 4-H membership was being bypassed. Some 15percent of the youth program participants were from minorityfamilies. The program had done well in meeting commitmentsto affirmative action and extending opportunities to greaternumbers of young people.

State 4..HLeadership ChangesNorman A. Brown succeeded Gordon Beckstrand as state

leader of youth programs in 1972. Some elements in 4-Hcircles felt Beckstrand had moved too swiftly with innovativeprograms. Brown was later designated as assistant CES directorfor 4-H Youth programs and served throughout the decade.Brown had been an agent in Washtenaw and after completing aPh.D. was an assistant in resident instruction and student affairsin the College of Agriculture. It was an era of frequentpersonnel changes. From 1971-79, no fewer than 24appointments were made on the state 4-H Youth staff. Michiganenjoyed an enviable leadership reputation for youth programs,and many of the staff left to assume positions in other states.By 1979, only ten of the 24 appointments made in the 1970'sremained on the staff.

Lenawee agent J. Ray Gillespie, who joined the campus staffin 1966, was named associate program director in 1970. Programleader Carroll "Jake" Wamhoff moved to an administrativeassignment with Director Mclntyre in 1970. Lowell Rothert,Jack Worthington and Leah Hoopfer continued as programleaders for much of the ten-year period. Michael Tate, EvelynMachtel, Claudia Arnold, Diana Seim, Richard Hill, JohnLopez, Walter Merry, John Aylsworth, Ellen Arvilla, RalphAbbott, Mary Ann Johnson, Colleen Seeley, Bonita Neff andRhonda Walker-Buckingham were program leader appointmentsfrom 1973-79. Donald jest, agent in Ingham County, becamedirector of the Michigan 4-H Foundation. Judith Place,headquartered in Marquette, provided leadership for U.P. youthprograms. Norm Brown selected his staff well. They wereresponsible for dozens of program innovations. In 1977 thegroup was given USDA's unit citation for superior service. In1976, Brown was elected a charter member of the new National4-H Council. He also served as chairman of a nationalcommittee for "4-H in Century III."

Arden Peterson and Mary Woodward, veteran staffers whohad given long service to 4-H, retired. Woodward had been on

foung 4· H·ers look to the fucure throughconst.'rt'LltlOn.

Don Jost of the Michigan 4· H Foundationu'ith Lind, and Elton Smith. MichiganFann Burem< Pre5ident Smith i5along· time friend of 4· H.

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Leader do!! tramm!! -~ ncu: i~H progmm

in the se.'emies hel/" the handiw/,/,rd.

the state staff for 25 years. Peterson, whose name wassynonymous with recreation leadership throughout Michigan,completed 30 years and was known in every county. RichardHill, long-time agent in Eaton County, came to the campus in1977 and retired two years later. Beckstrand left Michigan for aposition with the Extension Service in Colorado, and WilliamTedrick-who, like Gillespie, Hill and Aylsworth, had comefrom Ohio-resigned in 1971 to became director of informationfor the Texas Extension Service.

Other state program leaders of the seventies moved on to 4-Hpositions in other states. Alan Snider went to Oregon, CharlesLang to Kansas, Dixie Hesler to Wisconsin. Marvin Prestonbecame a regional CES supervisor, and Rerha Hankey accepteda position with the Michigan Department of Agriculture. EvelynMachtel replaced Arden Peterson and developed outstandingprograms in the arts and creative talents. Sigifredo Cavazos,John Lopez, Walter Merry and Ralph Abbott providedleadership for new activities which appealed to minority youth.Colleen Seeley coordinated a statewide 4-H observance ofAmerica's bicentennial in 1976. It was culminated by a "summer4-H spectacular" during Exploration Days at MSU. (See Salute'76.)

New Look for StaffingStaffing of 4-H Youth programs took on new aspects in the

1970's. As funds were restored and substantial new grantsappeared, most counties in lower Michigan had one or morefull-time 4-H youth agents. Local grants provided for additionalstaff. CETA (Comprehensive Employment Training Act) fundsenabled counties to employ paraprofessional "programassistants" or aides to assist in youth programs. At one time,nearly 100 such positions were in the counties in support ofCES youth activities and the Expanded Nutrition Program.

Area 4-H Youth staff continued to direct area or multi-countyprograms in Northern Michigan and the U.P. All agents hadbeen given area assignments in 1965. While an area designationoften appeared in the title of youth agents in lower Michigan,few worked outside single counties by the late seventies. Brownand his staff drew up a comprehensive plan to allocate staffresources in 1978. In 30 northern counties, all youth agentswere given multi-county assignments. Program assistants wereemployed in these counties and supported by state CES funds.Some counties added more staff to be supported from localfunds or grants. As the decade ended, some 40 programassistants were on the 4-H staff. They provided much of theroutine supervision of county programs, while the area agentssupplied the overall leadership.

New Opportunities for Youth-Michigan was in theforefront of state youth programs dedicated to affirmativeaction. Projects in urban gardening and a youth center in innercity Detroit drew nationwide attention. The unique Wayneproject in the McClellan Community Center was directed byagent William Mills with help from Lester Schick, MargaretLeskoskv and Paul Bridgewater. For dedicated service to youth

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in Detroit, Mills received the USDA Superior Service Award in1977. MSU's Center for Urban Affairs made a follow-up studyof the project to ask: "Can 4-H be successfully applied to urbanpopulations and problems?" "Yes" was the answer to the study'sfindings with the summary, "4-H Gets High Marks in Detroit,"in reducing crime and in developing positive behavior. Thestudy received nationwide circulation as evidence of adopting4-H type programs to an urban setting.

In the Expanded Nutrition Program (ENP), agents andprogram aides developed dozens of activities for youngsters toteach better nutrition. In 1974 more than 65,000 young peopleviewed the TV series, "Mulligan Stew." The videotapes wereproduced by the Federal Extension Service and produced by theUniversity of Nebraska. More than 25,000 youngstersparticipated in ENP youth activities each year. Detroit was alsoone of a dozen U.S. cities selected for an urban gardeningprogram as part of ENP. 4-H youth staff cooperated with otherWayne agents to direct projects in the city in which hundredsof families took part. Other urban projects were carried out inFlint, Pontiac, Lansing, Kalamazoo, Saginaw and BentonHarbor.

Helping the Disadvantaged-Special grants from theMichigan 4-H and Kellogg Foundations were instrumental indeveloping one of the most successful new 4-H ventures."Horseback Riding for Handicappers" was a project in which4-H members and horse club leaders provided new opportunitiesfor youngsters with mental and physical handicaps. Otherprojects trained animals for "Leader Dogs for the Blind" and"Dogs for the Deaf." Some counties offered special activities forchildren of migrant workers. In Gladwin, a 4-H leader organizeda goat club for young handicappers. Dozens of other activitiesfor underprivileged youth were undertaken during the decade,and in the late seventies Ellen Arvilla and Rhonda Walker-Buckingham were appointed program leaders for handicapperand "mainstreaming" programs.

Energy Awareness-As energy costs soared in the seventies,everyone became more interested in energy conservation. Whatcould young people do? Plenty, as 4-H developed a new energyawareness project. In 1978, nearly 29,000 youngsters took partin the new venture. Some 20,000 young people participatedthrough Michigan schools each year. The U.S. Department ofEnergy provided a $340,000 grant for the program. Programleader Lowell Rothert directed the effort in which 23 countiesparticipated. Exploration Days in 1978 became "4-H EnergyDays" with over 4,000 4-H'ers taking part in over 150 learningoptions.

The Global View-Young people continued to have manyinternational interests. "Partners of Americas" helped inintercultural relationships between the U.S. and Latin Americancountries=Belize, the Dominican Republic and BritishHonduras. Coordinators Margaret Foster and Donna Seimdeveloped challenging activities in world understanding. Thisfollowed earlier projects headed by Mary Woodward. MaryJohnson created an "African Cultural Heritage" series. Fannedby public interest in national television's "Roots: The NextGeneration" series, there was even greater interest. One group

Yot<[h learned abot<[ energ' a' fine sec{> in

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A clw,llc proRl'am remained strong <1.1 .; - Hditt!rsified "'ith the timel,

planned an historical tour that included Howard University inWashington, D.C., and Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.

Salute '76-During the nation's bicentennial, the state's 4-Hclubs conducted many activities to celebrate the country's 200thyear. As a finale to the 1976 Exploration Days, a mini-spectacular "Salute '76" was produced. The program on MSU'scampus was held in June and included a baby animal farm,parades, auctions, craft demonstrations and displays of 4-H inaction. The feature was a program in Spartan Stadium starring"Doc" Severinson's orchestra from NBC television's "TonightShow."

Exploration Days continued to grow, offering more optionseach year. By the late seventies, 5,000 youngsters participatedeach year. The three-day event ended on Saturdays to presentan open house "action day" for the activity. Hundreds of boysand girls demonstrated crafts or made educational presentationsto visitors. It was a yearly showcase for the 4-H Youth programcoordinated by state 4-H staffer, Colleen Seeley.

4·H Bonanza-Another stellar 4-H event was staged in 1972as a fund raiser for state youth progams. More than 1,000attended a special banquet in Jenison Fieldhouse. It was a galaevent and one of the few dinners ever served at the home ofSpartan basketball. The evening's emcee was television's ArtLinkletter. The following day, more than $40,000 of donatedmerchandise was sold at auction to bolster 4-H funds. AnArabian mare, donated by a 4-H alumnus, sold for $11,500."Bonanza" was masterminded by Ralph Kirch who had returnedto Michigan from Washington, D.C. to head the state's 4-HFoundation.

SummaryThe 4-H image of a smiling boy with a prize heifer or a

girl modeling in a style revue was largely dispelled duringthe decade. 4-H Youth programs convincingly proved theycould be for everyone. And in carrying out a myriad ofactivities, 4-H staff, assistants and leaders drew plaudits frompublic officials, community leaders, civic groups, educators, lawenforcement officers and parents. Participating youngsters, themost enthusiastic of all, learned to build better self-understanding, self-concept and self-image exemplified in yetanother new project, "Peer Plus."

"Making the Best Better" was building a solid footing for thecitizens of tomorrow.

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With satellites orbiting the globe and space shots nowcommonplace, the U.S. continued to be concernedwith the peoples of planet Earth. When the Arab

world turned down the valve of the world's oil supply, nationsbecame painfully aware how interdependent they had become.While American farmers continued to produce more thandomestic and world markets could absorb, nearly half of theworld population was going hungry.

The world's wealth of the 20th century appeared to becomemore concentrated; the developing nations of the "third world"were striving for a larger share. A first consideration of thesecountries was food. But to purchase food, nations requiredexports which producing countries were willing to buy. Theseare usually a narrow base of commodities. Result? U.S.assistance programs attempted to export technology and helpcountries produce more of their food supply. But in manynations, improved food production was impeded by governmentand political interventions or corruption. One observer lookingat international assistance suggests: "We need to encourage ourscholars to look more realistically for solutions and less for newways to state the problems!"

MSU,International LeaderAs the seventies began, Michigan State retained a strong

commitment to international development. Thousands offoreign nationals came to MSU to study, to observe and/orearn degrees. Hundreds of visitors came to Michigan to visit ourfarms, live in our homes, tour our factories and observe theAmerican lifestyle. Guides and hosts for many such tours wereExtension agents and specialists. And, the closer the proximityof counties to East Lansing, the more frequent the requests!

MSU now had dozens of staff with widespread, internationalexperience. The ambitious institution-building efforts of thefifties and sixties gave way to developments which were moreproblem-oriented and less related to a single institution orcountry. MSU worked more closely with other universities incooperative agreements or consortia. MUCIA (MidwestUniversity Consortium for International Assistance) was one.Former CES staffer George Axinn served as MUCIA directorfor a number of years.

In the seventies, fewer MSU staff members served extendedperiods abroad. Larger numbers went on short-termassignments. The University of Nigeria contract had ended inJuly, 1969. It brought to a close an outstanding example of"institution building"-the largest that MSU, and perhaps anyAmerican university, had attempted. Extension staff had been amajor resource in the project.

IFYE-In other activities in world understanding,International Farm Youth Exchange (lFYE) program continuedand was headed by Mary Woodward. Between 1948 and 1971, atotal of 111 young people from 50 Michigan counties had goneto 56 foreign countries. In return, 211 delegates had come to

Internationalism:

Expansion ona Shrinking Globe

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the state from 60 nations. These visitors had been hosted bysome 560 Michigan families. IFYE was a monumental effort increating world understanding for young people.

There was more to the 4-H international effort. An IFYEexperimental project had overseas teams for a year to developrural youth programs in Botswana, Costa Rica, Honduras andBritish Honduras. A Professional Rural Youth Leader Exchangeprogram invited leaders from other countries to study Michiganprograms for three months. Leaders from 11 countries workedwith Michigan CES agents while living with host families. In1976, Dale Posthumus of Kent County was a delegate for thefirst 4-H exchange to Russia.

The 4-H Teen Caravan program for 17 to 20-year-olds was aneight-week tour to Europe, South America or Japan. Six weekswere spent with host families, and ten days were given for a tripto neighboring countries. Twenty such teams went to sevencounties over a ten-year period. An exchange program withJapan probably involved the most families. In 1979 a total of 75Michigan families were hosts to Japanese youngsters. More than40 went to Japan in return visits. Directing these exchangeswere state leaders John Aylsworth and Donna Seim. Extensionstaff also directed exchange programs with Belize (former BritishHonduras) and the Dominican Republic and had longinvolvement with the "Partners for the Americas" program.

Uruguay Project-In 1977, MSU contracted with Uruguay todevelop a system to expand applied agricultural research andinformation dissemination. Other land-grant schools cooperatedin the project in which 42 members participated. FrankMadaski, a regional CES supervisor at the time, served asconsortium coordinator. In trips to South America he wascoordinator and consultant to the Food/AgriculturalOrganization (FAO) of the U.N. Madaski, who had coordinatedprograms in Argentina and Belize, was later selected to head allinternational activities for the Extension Service. Before retiring,he coordinated a training program for Extension workers undera Title XII grant of the 1977 federal farm bill. The project wasdesigned to provide a pool of professionals for short-terminternational assignments.

A Chinese Open Door-"Ping Pong diplomacy" andPresident Nixon's 1972 trip reopened the long-closed door toChina. U.S. scientists and educators once more could establishties. In 1975, Director Guyer headed a delegation of scientistsfrom American universities, the USDA and the NationalAcademy of Sciences. Researchers observed previously "closed"parts of China and were one of only three delegations allowedinside the country that summer. He led another group in 1979.

In August 1978, a Chinese delegation of 28 came to Michiganto examine agriculture and Extension work. The group from theChinese Associaton of Agriculture viewed orchards, MSU'sbean and beet research farm and some processing and packingplants. Secretary of Agriculture Bergland, MSU PresidentHarden and Madaski welcomed the Chinese in a Detroitceremony. County hosts included Jack Prescott, Harold Rouget,"Bill" Bortel, Norman Brown, John Baker, "Jim" Crosby, FrankKlackle, Bob Van Klompenberg, Mike Thomas and Bob Earl.The agents gave the oriental visitors rapid but thorough tours.

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Pakistan-Work with the Pakistan Extension Service wasfinanced by the Ford Foundation and was undertaken from1974-77. The Extension Service had been established some yearsearlier, but needed more advanced training of workers andimprovement of transfer of information, research and teachingresponsibilities. Garland Wood of ag economics took the lead inthe Pakistan project.

Partners-With-the-Americas and Belize-Extension had amajor commitment to assist Belize and other Central Americannations through a unique "partners" venture. Mary Woodwardof the state 4-H staff coordinated the early Belize effort whenthe country was called British Honduras. In 1970, she helpedorganize local 4-H clubs. IFYE's Kay Siegrist and HaroldSchmidt were also early workers. Some 26 clubs were formed inthe first 18 months in the country of 130,000, which is lessthan half the size of the u.P.

4-H was the "lead" program in Belize, and programs benefitedfrom repeated visits and consultantships of MSU faculty,specialists and agents. A feeder pig program was started in 1979to improve pork production and increase incomes of smallfarms. Program leader Tom Thorburn and Gratiot agent GregVarner were consultants. Robert Deans of animal scienceassisted in crop and livestock development. Each farmer selectedreceived ten baby pigs and funds for a feeding facility.Education was provided by the newly formed Extension Servicein Belize.

Michigan 4-H members also got involved. Some 4,000youngsters took part in activities related to Belize. In Lenawee,over $1,000 was raised as "seed money" for rabbit production.Rabbits provided an important source of protein for many low-income families in Belize. MSU and CES staff helped to expandproduction of an important food source.

The Dominican Republic has also benefited from Michigan's4-H work. In cooperation with the Peace Corps, agents servedtwo years there. The work attracted sufficient notice thatMichigan Governor Milliken visited the workers there in 1977.The project was hailed as a singular success for education.

Title XII portion of the 1975 Foreign Assistance Act enabledU.S. institutions to become even more involved internationally.Under this Act, CES staff could be supported on internationalassignments. There they got valuable training and an increasedinternational perspective. The new act spawned developments tobe initiated in the early 1980's.

The final years of the seventies cast a firm foundation for theimmense needs still existing for foreign assistance. Money alonewas not the answer. Education and a self-help philosophysupplied by Extension staff could add much. Staff responded,and the international path to Belize was well traveled.

Training and professional improvement for staff was againchanged in the seventies. Under Mason Miller, head ofthe Institute for Extension Personnel Development (IEPD)

for nearly ten years, communications was a major emphasis inStaff Development

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training programs. This changed when Carl Couch left as aleader in communications research in 1965. The following yearPatricia J. LaFlame was employed as an educational mediaspecialist. She conducted hundreds of workshops and trainingsessions to help staff in the use of teaching aids.

IEPD continued to provide leadership for staff training andgraduate work for field staff, but the number of field staffpursuing advanced degrees dropped sharply by 1970. The majorIEPD enrollments were foreign students and a small number ofExtension staff from other states. In late 1971 the IEPD wasdiscontinued, and a new staff development institute wasestablished, the College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesEducational Institute, first known as CANREI, or by a morepopular title-ANREI. ANR became the acronymn for thecollege. C.H. "Jake" Wamhoff was named the new institute'sfirst director. Wamhoff, on the state 4-H staff, had been aspecial assistant to the directors of Extension and theExperiment Station.

Miller was transferred to a position as communicationsspecialist in ANREI. Patricia LaFlame continued as aneducational media specialist. Gordon Beckstrand, former state4-H leader, also held a short-term institute appointment in1972-73 prior to going with the Colorado Extension Service.

Miller developed training programs in written, oral and visualcommunications in which nearly all field staff participated. Heleft in 1975 for a position in USDA. The following year,Maxine S. Ferris joined the institute as a staff developmentspecialist. She had been an instructor in speech and had earnedher Ph.D. in the College of Communication Arts.

Institute courses for credit were offered through MSU'sCollege of Education. Professional improvement inventories weremaintained for all CES staff. Records were updated as staffparticipated in both credit and non-credit training. Professionalimprovement was a key factor in the granting of continuingemployment for all Extension staff. Field agents were eligible forthis job security after six years on the job.

Quest for Quality-ANREI assisted in the development of"Search for Excellence," management apprenticeship, and"Quest for Quality" programs offered during the decade.ANREI directed dozens of training activities and each yearprepared a master calendar for professional improvementopportunities. As the decade concluded, plans were underwayfor an annual "Extension School." The school coordinatedtraining offerings of programs and departments in a single weekeach year at MSU. The courses were approved by a professionalimprovement committee.

ANREI also developed a library and began to organize acenter for educational resources. Teaching packets, audio-visualaids and publications were made available for use by all CESstaff. While slides and film continued to be used as teachingaids, video tape used with VTR recorders and televisionmonitors became commonplace. Video equipment receivedextensive use in staff training sessions. In later years, theelectronic computer began to get added use as an educationalaid. In 1979, Stephen Harsh, specialist in agricultural economics,

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was named to head a group for computerized informationtransfer for the Extension Service. The computer would add stillanother era for staff training. And, after a life of another tenyears, AN REI would give way to yet another title change tobecome a college department-Agriculture and ExtensionEducation (AEE).

Americans had been in space and now to the moon andback. The lunar activities had been transmitted by colortelevision to earth a quarter million miles away. Each

year satellites were launched which would permit instant, globalcommunication. The orbiting stations would transmit radio andTV signals, telephone messages and millions of data bits forcomputers. Information technology was exploding on planetearth too in the 1970's.

Extension staff were adapting new technology for teachingand presenting information. Video tapes were replaced by videocassettes. VTR equipment now was replaced by cassette players.Early models sold for $1,200-$1,500, usually beyond the budgetfor most counties. Commercial TV stations began to acceptvideo tape for airing. The age of film had passed. Informationstaff could now produce and send tape to Michigan stations.

In Extension communications, Joe Marks had replacedHoward L. Miller in 1968 as leader of Extension-ResearchInformation. He resigned in 1973 to accept a position at theUniversity of Missouri. Publications editor Don Gregg served asacting head until Marks was replaced by Walter Patterson, jr.,in January 1974. Patterson left in 1976. A year later, Eldon E.Fredericks, who had been on information staffs at Purdue andMinnesota, came to MSU to assume a new title of "manager" ofExtension-Research Information in the Department ofInformation Services.

In 1974 Robert W. Neumann, Michigan weekly newspapereditor, became agricultural editor and later informationcoordinator for mass media. Other staff employed during thedecade included Linda (loy) Howell, Mary Tyszkiewicz, LindaMorningstar (Christensen), Rosemary Parker, Thomas Mitchell,and Linda Halsey. Family Living editors included LeslieMcConkey, Cheryl Brickner, Myrna Shoemaker, ChristineErvin and Willa Gritter. Employed as information coordinatorsfor 4-H Youth programs were Colleen Seeley, Phillip Steffan,Anthony Burkholder, and Jacqueline Brauer. Sixteen staffmembers were appointed to the information staff in the 1970's.Like other decades, there was a high turnover. By the end ofthe lO-year period, only five of the 16 appointments remained.

Dean Bork's employment as editor for 4-H Youth programsmarked the first time that an information staff member wasassigned to each of the five program areas.

Media Orientation by Information Staff-Major emphasiscontinued for news services to daily and weekly newspapers,radio-television and publications. By 1970, the once familiar"farm editor" on Michigan newspapers or the "RFD" (RadioFarm Director) on radio stations had become a rare species. Theweekly "farm pages" and early morning/noon farm programs

Communications :

ElectronicsBecome "SOP"

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were also fading. Both had been valuable mass media outlets forExtension. Radio tape services and news releases werecontinued, but formats changed greatly.

Media could now dial an MSU number to get an "ActualityService"-taped messages on new developments from specialistsor researchers. Radio-TV editor Roger Brown continued a long-time series on WJIM-Lansing and produced hundreds of radioand video tapes for use on out-state stations. He also appearedperiodically on WKAR radio. Agents continued to air hundredsof programs and spot messages on local stations. Following theresignation of "Dick" Arnold at WKAR, the station no longerstaffed producers of farm and home programs which had beenaired for nearly 40 years.

In the late seventies the shared channel arrangements of MSUand WILX ended. Campus programming continued on a newUHF Channel 23, WKAR-TV, which was part of the PBS(Public Broadcasting System). Both radio and television stationsbecame a part of MSU's Division of Lifelong Education.Because of production costs and format changes, Extensionutilized either outlet on only a limited basis.

The Printed Word-Extension publications continued to bean important method of information delivery, time-tested aftermore than 50 years. Bulletins, leaflets, folders and circulars weredistributed by the millions each year. Most titles were free. Thebulk of the distribution was through county offices, buthundreds of requests came to the campus "Bulletin Office" eachweek.

A major policy departure came in 1977, the year of a severebudget crunch. Over $200,000 a year went to publications,primarily for printing. Decision? Charge for publications.Thereafter, a yearly allotment would be provided free to eachcounty, additional copies to be supplied on a cost basis. Salesprovided revolving funds to print more publications. DenioCaul, assistant to the director, did much of the interstateresearch and the planning for the "charge policy," whichbecame part of the Bulletin Information and DistributionSystem (BIDS). When Caul died in 1978, bulletin editor KenFettig became manager of BIDS. Editors Don Gregg, Ken Fettigand Tom Mitchell handled production for all Extensionpublishing.

State of the Art-Over four decades, many Extension "toolsof the trade" were still in use. Printed publications remained amain entree on the educational menu. Radio was widely usedby local agents; almost every county in the state had access andavailable public service time on one or more stations. WKARradio, once a major out-state outlet, now carried very few CESprogram offerings.

Newspapers in rural areas continued to carry CES releases.Dozens of agents continued to write localized items and/orweekly columns. Direct mail newsletters were sent by thethousands as Extension continued to enjoy the penalty mailprivilege. Use of films was almost extinct, but color slides andthe overhead projector remained as essential teaching aids.

Television, now firmly established with a No.1 ranking in themass media, was used sparingly by CES staff. Available times

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on commercial channels were usually early morning with limitedaudiences. Preparation time was considerable and productioncosts high. Agents in the Detroit and Flint areas rotatedprogramming. Others appeared on Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lansingand Grand Rapids stations. Transmitters in Cadillac,Cheboygan, Sault Ste. Marie and Marquette could relaydownstate signals. A regular show by CMI agent Ingrid Bartellioriginated in Marquette for many years until her retirement in1975. Maryann Beckman in Kalamazoo also appeared hundredsof times during nearly 25 years in Consumer MarketingInformation. Ada Shinabarger in Grand Rapids and ArleenArnold in Detroit also used TV extensively to reach consumers.During this period, video tapes and cassettes came into use bystaff as teaching aids, particularly for small groups.

The telephone came into new usage. WAITS lines enableddial-in calls for educational messages. Recorded information wasavailable from county CES offices, ANREI and informationservices. With some systems, callers could request from 20-30recorded items; newer equipment could automatically selectfrom a bank of cassettes, each with 1-3 minute messages.

As the eighties drew near, the "new kid on the block" wasthe electronic computer. It had been used for some time in farmbusiness analyses, information management and budgeting. Acollege computer advisory committee had explored potentialssince the mid-sixties. In 1978, Stephen Harsh of agriculturaleconomics was named to head computer developments and alsobringing COMNET -a network of campus and field offices-online. The computer was to become a data bank for Extensionstaff, an internal communications network, a link with massmedia, a training device and word processor. Computers wouldherald a new era in communications and education.

Only 30 years from Century XXI, the seventies beganin an era of national fiery dissent and testing of thecountry's political establishment. But the decade will be

remembered most for an energy crisis, unparalleled inflation andan over-heated economy that suddenly cooled and left millionswithout either jobs or incomes. Severe as it was, the recessionwould have only minor impact on the majority of Americanswho would earn more ...and spend more than at any point inU.S. history.

Many new and assertive voices were heard: women,minorities, the elderly, the handicapped-all demanded, and gotconcessions and special attention. A cascade of new laws andmandates were issued to ensure equal opportunity in the workplace, elected offices, access to public services and the votingbooth.

There was no shortage of problems. Only answers were inshort supply. Demands for education multiplied, but supportingresources were frequently far from adequate. Budget cuts,retrenchment and cash management were a way of life forprograms supported by tax dollars. The space age wouldcontinue to fuel the explosion of knowledge and unveil a

A Summary_The Seventies

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myriad of new technology, often led by the ubiquitouscomputer.

On the national scene, President Richard M. Nixon, electedin a 1972 landslide, resigned in disgrace following the politicalscandal of "Watergate." Michigan's "Jerry" Ford succeeded tothe presidency to be defeated in 1976 by soft-spoken GeorgianJimmy Carter. In Michigan, William G. Milliken was the state'sgovernor for the entire decade and would step down in theeighties with the longest gubernatorial tenure in history.

At MSU, three men would move through the presidentialchair. Likewise a trio of deans would head the College ofAgriculture and Natural Resorces. And, as in every ten yearssince the 1940's, there was a new director of the ExtensionService. While Michigan's first Extension director stayed on 34years, six men would guide Extension for the next such timespan.

In 1973, Gordon E. Guyer became the sixth Extension headin 20 years. He named new directors for each of the fourprograms. The CES also had two associate directors for the firsttime when Ray Gillespie was named in 1979 to coordinateprograms. Fred Peabody was appointed associate foradministration in 1974.

Field operations, organized by Director Mclntyre, was phasedout and replaced with five supervisory teams. Later, six regionswere created, each headed by one supervisor. FLE programleader Irene Ott became the first woman to head a supervisoryunit. That was 1974. The same year, Jeanette Shadko was thefirst woman to be a county Extension director. In BenzieCounty she was followed by two other women in the sameposition. By the end of the decade, a dozen counties had CEO'swith either Family Living or 4-H as a primary programresponsibility. Nearly 30 years had elapsed since thereorganization plan of 1945 had provided for suchappointments.

More Urban Emphasis-Extension programs took a definiteshift to the metro areas. The Expanded Nutrition Program wasaimed directly at low-income families. Affirmative action wastargeted to minorities. Both groups were concentrated inMichigan cities-Detroit, Flint, Saginaw, Pontiac and BentonHarbor. Hundreds of activities were conducted in nutrition,health, gardening, housing and family relationships. Nearly 200aides and assistants now worked with Family Living and 4-Hstaff. Hundreds of volunteers were trained for the new learningarenas of the center city, in housing developments and limitedincome suburbia.

Cutting Energy Costs-The Arabs turned down the flow ofMiddle East oil in 1973. Result? Lines at gas pumps, heatingcosts were soaring. Utility bills jumped to new heights. Toyota,Honda and Nissan were a Japanese invasion of small cars. Theywere in great demand-so much so that by 1979 Michigan'sauto industry was in a giant slump.

People could cut down on driving but "dialing down" thehome heating plant had practical limits against Michigan'swinters. CES staff staged hundreds of meetings, put up exhibits

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and held clinics to make people aware of methods to saveenergy. "Retrofitting" was added to the home vocabulary. Thatmeant home repairs to keep heat in, the cold air out, addinginsulation and reducing fuel consumption. Engineers helpedfarmers to build gasohol plants, and other specialists helpeddevelop community energy policies.

On the farm front, shortages gave rise to a brief pricebonanza. Farm commodity prices escalated to the highest pointin history. Land prices jumped 25 percent in a single year. Farmland reached $2,000, even $3,000 per acre. Then inflationarycosts caught up, and the profit surge was gone. Many operatorshad acquired a large debt load. With record-breaking interestrates of 15 to 20 percent, many businesses encountered financialtrouble. Management was the key. Agricultural staff continuedto help farmers produce more with less and negate the cost-pricesqueeze. But in the end, more farmers had left the farm. Only26,000 commercial operators (over $10,000 in farm sales)remained in the state's census of 1978.

Communities became acutely aware of pollution,environmental hazards, safety and the need for health facilities.Leaders turned to Extension for ways to develop an informedcitizenry. Through projects such as "New Horizons," leadershipround tables, study seminars and management workshops,hundreds of people were trained to assume key roles in stateand local organizations.

As a "people program," CES efforts also moved away fromonly economic interests. Quality of life and enrichment nowwere increasingly accepted outcomes in human terms. Farmers,homemakers, business and professional people, factory workers,even boys and girls were to fall victim of "burnout," stress andbreakdown. The afflicted often turned to alcohol and drugs.This, too, posed new challenges for education.

It was now 65 years since the Smith-Lever Act started it all.Extension programs have taken wide latitude from the

original legislative mandate "to aid in diffusing among thepeople of the United States, useful and practical information onsubjects related to agriculture and home economics." But acommitment to public service continued in the abiding land-grant tradition at Michigan State. While the Extension Servicestill remained in MSU's College of Agriculture, programs haddeparted from the 1914 Act which prescribed "the giving ofinstruction and practical demonstrations in agriculture andhome economics."

As the decade closed, staff in 80 county offices continued toextend University resources to many and varied audiences.Some called these "clientele," but a constituency was nowdifficult to identify. Forty years earlier there had been 73county offices and a total staff in the field and on campus ofunder 200. By the mid-fifties, this figure had doubled. While thesize of the "board appointed" staff had remained fairly constantfor nearly 30 years, by 1980 some 200 paraprofessionals wereemployed.

Federal, state and county funds continued to support CES inthe long tradition of cooperative funding. State appropriationswere now providing most of the total. Counties added a greater

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percentage each year. Less and less came from the federal side.The Extension budget had grown from $847,000 in 1940 tonearly $20 million for 1979-80. Director R.J. Baldwin and hiscolleagues of Extension's first 35 years would have been instartled amazement that county agents were now able to earn$40,000 salaries. That figure exceeded the highest even paid toan MSU President for the first 110 years!

In the face of economic "stagflation" which was rampant atthe end of the seventies, there was emerging hope for recovery.People had learned to cope with an energy crisis, inflation,pollution, and the brutal impact of a recession. The Extensionstaff could be justly proud of their efforts to address all theseissues. Extension's educational contributions were substantial.Staff proved conclusively that programs could change. Theycould respond to the needs of people.

Extension had won laurels through a World War and adevastating depression in its first 25 years. Now-plus two scoreyears later, against a backdrop of three more wars, economicdisruption and a coming world of high technology-theExtension Service was alive and well!

Footnotes1970's

1John W. Rosenblum, ed., Agriculture in the Twenty. FirstCentury, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1983.

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HRONOLOGYOF

EXTENSION

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The History Before

1849 The Michigan Agricultural Society is formed to"promote the improvement of agriculture andits kindred acts throughout the State ofMichigan." This action almost immediatelycalled for establishment of a state agriculturalschool.

1850 Under provisions of the Swamplands Act, thefederal government allocated lands to eachstate to be sold to raise funds to establish stateschools of agriculture.

1855 Governor Kinsley S. Bingham signs Public Act#130 for creation of a state agricultural school.The school 100 years later became MichiganState University, America's premier land-grantinstitution.

1857 The new Michigan agricultural school at EastLansing is dedicated. College Hall, the firstbuilding for the teaching of agriculture, waserected at the present site of Beaumont Tower."Saints' Rest," the first dormitory, was near thepresent museum. Fifty-nine men enrolled forthe first classes. Joseph Williams was MichiganAgricultural College's first president.

1862 President Lincoln signs the Morrill "Land-Grant" Act. A total of 30,000 acres were givento each U.S. Congressman's home state. Landsales were to help finance an agriculturalcollege. The Act specified:

"Where the leading object shall be, withoutexcluding other scientific and classic studies,and including military tactics, to teach suchbranches of learning as are related toagriculture and the mechanic arts, in suchmanner as the legislatures of the states mayrespectively prescribe, in order to promotethe liberal and practical education of theindustrial classes in the several pursuits andprofessions of life."

Under the act, Michigan received 240,000 acresof federal lands to sell. The proceeds were toprovide funds for the establishment ofMichigan Agriculture College.

From 1862-1885, T.C. Abbot served as M.A.C.

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president and in 1875 a total of 156 studentswere enrolled.

1870 The first women students are enrolled atMichigan Agricultural College. They wererequired to live off campus in "respectable"family homes since there were no women'sdormitories on campus.

1876 The first farmers institutes were held inMichigan. Professor Manly Miles, who came toM.A.C. from Illinois, proposed the idea. Withfaculty approval, R.C. Kedzie, professor ofchemistry, was elected to request funds forsupport of the institutes from the State Boardof Agriculture. Five professors from M.A.C.gave a series of talks at a nearby Grange hall.They reported that this first "Extension"venture would help bolster the work of thenew agricultural college.

1887 The Federal "Hatch Act" was passed toprovide for Agricultural Experiment Stations ineach state. Public officials recognized thatresearch and generation of new knowledge wasessential for the education of farmers and ruralpeople.

1888 The Michigan Agricultural Experiment Stationat East Lansing was established at theMichigan Agricultural College under theprovision of the newly passed Hatch Act.

1890 The second Morrill Act was passed andappropriated funds "for the more completeendowment and maintenance of agriculturalcolleges now established or which mayhereafter be established ... " The funds were forinstruction in the "mechanic arts and theEnglish language with special reference to theirapplications in the industries of life" and forthe funding of sixteen Negro land-grant collegesin the southern states.

ExtensionService Beginnings

1894 Michigan Public Act #166 was passed,allocating $5,000 for Farmers Institutes under

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-- --~--- --------- --

the direction of the Michigan AgriculturalCollege.

1895 The first mention of "Extension" appeared.E.B. Voorhees, describing "AgriculturalExtension Work" in New Jersey, used the termin a report called, "The Attitude of the CollegeToward University Extension." A title wasborn.

1896 Kenyon Butterfield, a recent M.A.C. graduate,was appointed superintendent of the MichiganFarmers Institutes. Seventy sessions were heldthe following year with a four-day "round-up"modeled after a Wisconsin event and held offcampus. This foreshadowed today's Farmers'Week on the Michigan State campus, whichcontinues to the present day.

1896 The School of Home Economics is establishedat M.A.C.

1904 In Texas, a farm group under the direction ofSeaman A. Knapp, mounted a campaign tocontrol the boll weevil. The weevil threatenedthe entire cotton crop of Southern States.Control was essential for survival of theregion's agriculture. The "show and tell"demonstrators of Dr. Knapp became thecountry's first "Extension Agents."

In Michigan, M.A.C. President JonathanSnyder and Professor Kenyon Butterfield drewup a bill calling for federal legislation toexpand Extension work in land-grant colleges.A Muskegon congressman introduced the billin Congress. While it failed, it was aforerunner of the federal Smith-Leverenactment ten years later.

1906 Michigan's first Extension specialist, W.R.Raven, was appointed by M.A.C. PresidentJonathan Snyder. The appointment wasdesigned to help Michigan's livestock farmers,following the demonstration model of Dr.Knapp's work in the Southern States.

1907 President Theodore Roosevelt addressed theM.A.C. commencement on May 31. In aspeech commemorating the 50th anniversary ofthe first class at M.A.C., he called for a

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"Country life Commission" to makerecommendations on rural problems. Thecommission's report was a strong impetus forthe furthering of Extension work. ProfessorButterfield, who left M.A.C. to serve aspresident of colleges in Rhode Island andMassachusetts, was named to the commission.Years later, Butterfield was to return to serveas president of his alma mater at East Lansing.

1908 Robert S. Shaw is named Dean of Agriculture,a post he was to hold for 20 years. Then hewas to become president of the college heserved for 33 years.

1911 The first Farm Bureau in the nation wasestablished in Broome County, New York.Farm Bureau was to be a powerful force in theestablishment of the Extension Service. In theearly days, bureau members collected dues tosupplement federal funds for Extension work.This arrangement continued for nearly 40years.

1912 Federal funds were allocated for farmmanagement, field studies and demonstrations.This fostered a cooperative effort betweenUSDA, land-grant colleges and individualcounties. Harvey G. Smith was the first"county agent" in Alpena County.

Land-grant colleges had endorsed the principleof federal aid to all states for Extension work,pointing out that there was already such aidfor research. In the first session of the 62ndCongress in 1912, no fewer than 16 bills wereintroduced for the purpose of granting federalfunds for Extension work.

The Michigan legislature passed Act #3authorizing county boards of supervisors toappropriate funds and levy taxes to furtherteaching and demonstrations in Extensionwork. In the first year, eleven Extension agentswere named and supervised by Eben Mumfordat M.A.C.

1913 M.A.C. creates an "Extension Department" inthe School of Agriculture. Robert Baldwin, anassistant to Dean Robert Shaw, was appointedsuperintendent of the new department.

1914 The first Farmers' Week is held at M.A.C.

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bringing hundreds of visitors to the campus inJanuary.

The ExtensionService Arrives

1914 The Smith-Lever Act, which created theCooperative Extension Service, was passed byCongress on May 8. With leadership fromMichigan and support from M.A.C. graduatesin key posts across the country, the ExtensionService for the nation's land-grant colleges wasnow realized.

One report concluded: "While all this wasgood for the farmers, it created anorganizational headache for the USDA. Withforty-eight extension programs taking off atonce, how in the world could the federalgovernment work effectively with each one?"Questions over who could fire an agent, whothe agent was most responsible too-these andmore plagued federal administrators from 1912to 1914. Two facts were obvious: first,Extension had wide support, and need for aunified national plan to coordinate the variousstate efforts was evident.

A bill offered by Rep. Asbury Z. Lever ofSouth Carolina and a modified one introducedby Senator Hoke Smith of Georgia finally wonCongressional approval. The act providedmoney for the "rapid expansion of the countyagent system into every agricultural county inthe nation." It also strengthened thefoundation for cooperation between federal,state, and local bodies. This fundamental wasincorporated into the new name: "TheCooperative Extension Service."

Under terms of the new law each state received$10,000 annually. A fund increased by$500,000 each year for seven years until thetotal appropriation reached $4,580,000. Grantsabove $10,000 were allocated to states inproportion to their rural population and wereavailable only when matched by state funds.

1915 Michigan Public Act 65 accepts the benefit ofthe Federal Smith-Lever Act.

1915 The Michigan legislature passed Public Act#91, authorizing M.A.C. to "undertake the

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investigation and improvement of marketconditions for Michigan products and appointsuch competent and experienced persons asmay be necessary to carry out the intent ofthis act." James McBride was appointedDirector of Markets, but the new program wasshort-lived as a polarized world becameembroiled in World War I.

Extension ina ws-. time World

1917..18 During the years of World War I, theEmergency Food Production Act was passedand supplied the Extension Service withtemporary agents for the duration of the war.Unfortunately, many were released when thesespecial funds expired. In the post-war period anumber of actions expanded the work of thenew Extension Service across the nation.

1919 Michigan Public Act 315 enabled counties toappropriate or raise money by taxation topromote agricultural interests and to providefor Extension work in cooperation withM.A.C.

1919 ..22 Criticism began to build concerning theExtension Service relationship with theMichigan Farm Bureau, which had contributedheavily to local Extension work. A compromisewas finally reached, in no small partaccomplished because of Clark L. Brody whowas secretary-manager of the state Farm Bureauand a former county agent. Brody later was along-term trustee of the State Board ofAgriculture, Michigan State's governing board.

1923 Clyde W. Warburton of Iowa namedadministrator of the Federal Extension Service.He served 16 years until 1940, the longesttenure of any administrator.

1925 Michigan Agriculture College becomesMichigan State College of Agriculture andApplied Science.

1928 Robert S. Shaw, Dean of Agriculture since

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1908, becomes the 11th president of MichiganState on May 1.

1928 The Capper-Ketcham Act passed to expandwork in 4-H and home economics. Eightypercent of the appropriation provided in thisact was to support field staff for theseprograms.

1929 Michigan Public Act #56 permits acceptance offederal grants for the further development ofExtension work in the state.

The Great Depression,New Roles for Extension

1930..35 In the Depression years, Michigan StateCollege and the Extension Service were facedwith slashed budgets. This temporarily haltedthe growth of the new educational service at atime when educational assistance was sorelyneeded in rural areas.

1932 Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected presidentand inagurated numerous, so-called "alaphabetsoup" relief programs. Most significant forfarmers were Farm Credit Association (FCA),the Federal Emergency Relief Administration(FERA), and the Agricultural Adjustment Act(AAA), which was established May 12, 1933.All were to have profound implications for theExtension Service in the conduct ofeducational work in rural areas. Drought andthe Depression compounded the plight of U.S.agriculture. Henry A. Wallace was namedSecretary of Agriculture.

1935 The Bankhead-lones Act was passed to providefor research into basic laws and principlesrelating to agriculture and for furtherdevelopment of Cooperative Extension work.The act provided funds to replace staff thathad been lost through earlier budget cuts ofthe Depression years.

1935 The Soil Conservation and Domestic

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Allotment Act was passed to replace the AAA,which was declared unconstitutional. The SoilConservation Service developed from this newact through major assistance from theExtension Service.

1937 The Norris-Doxey, or Cooperative FarmForestry Act, was passed to make fundsavailable to aid agriculture, increase farm-forestincome, conserve water resources, increaseemployment and advance the general welfareand improve living conditions on farmsthrough reforestation.

1939 The Act of 1939 (53 Stat. L. 539) provided for"further development of CooperativeAgricultural Extension work." $300,000 was tobe appropriated annually and "be allotted bythe Secretary of Agriculture to the severalstates in such amounts as he deemednecessary. "

The 1940's-Years of Global War

1940 M. L. Wilson named administrator of theFederal Extension Service under USDASecretary of Agriculture Henry A. Wallace.Wallace was elected Vice President for FranklinD. Roosevelt's third term.

1940 Congress passed the Land-Grant CollegeRetirement Act qualifying CES staff for federalcivil service retirement annuities.

1940 Claude R. Wickard named Secretary ofAgriculture after Secretary Wallace resigned torun for Vice President.

1941 First 25-year history of Extension work inMichigan 1914-1939 is published as ExtensionBulletin E-229.

1941 John A. Hannah is named president of M.S.C.to replace Robert S. Shaw. Hannah, a former

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Extension poultry specialist, had served assecretary to the State Board of Agriculturesince 1935.

1941 USA enters World War II after Japanese attackon Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.

1944 Edna V. Smith retires as state leader of homedemonstration work to be replaced by RachelMarkwell.

1944 Extension Service is given the penalty mailprivilege by Congress which provided freemailings of educational materials for Extensionwork.

1945 Clinton Anderson of New Mexico namedUSDA Secretary of Agriculture to followClaude R. Wickard.

1945 The Bankhead-Flannagan Act was passed tofurther develop agricultural Extension work,particularly in county programs. This providedone of the major expansions of Extensionprograms since the passage of the originalSmith-Lever Act.

1945 World War II ends with Japanese surrender onV-J Day.

Post-War andReturn to Peace Time

1945 The first Extension specialists appointed towork in tourist and resort services in responseto leaders of the state's industry. Earmarkedappropriations from the state legislatureprovided added funds for Extension programs.

1946 Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (PublicLaw 733, 79th Congress) is passed. Actprovided for further research into basic lawsand principles relating to agriculture and to

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improve and facilitate the marketing anddistribution of agricultural products.

1947 First district supervisors appointed as a result ofthe 1945 reorganization plan. This changedCES from a straight line programadministration to one of middle management.

1948 Report of Committee on Joint Programs andGoals, a national study of the ExtensionService, is published. MSC President Hannahserved as committee chairman.

1948 Charles F. Brannan, author of the "BrannanPlan," is named Secretary of Agriculture inPresident Truman's Cabinet to succeed ClintonAnderson. He served until the end ofTruman's second term-1953.

1948 Robert J. Baldwin retires as director after 34years and Assistant Director C. V. Ballard isnamed successor.

1948 G. Mennen "Soapy" Williams electedMichigan's governor to serve unprecedented sixterms, 1948-60.

1950 Mid-century Michigan State begins its greatestgrowth in history. Student enrollment grewfrom 6,000 to 25,000 in one decade.

1950 First state 4-H Council organized with DaleShetterly of Lake Odessa as president.

1950 Leona MacLeod is named head of state homedemonstration program replacing RachelMarkwell.

1951 First Extension TV program is broadcast inDetroit on station WWJ-TV.

1952 Michigan 4-H Foundation established on May29. Detroit attorney George Haggarty electedthe first president.

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1952 Durwood B. "Woody" Varner is nameddirector upon retirement of C.V. Ballard.Varner had been a specialist in agriculturaleconomics.

1953 Ezra T. Benson appointed Secretary ofAgriculture in the Eisenhower Cabinet.Clarence M. Ferguson of Ohio is namedadministrator of the Federal Extension Service.

1953 The Smith-Lever Act (Public Law 83-83rdCongress Act of May 8, 1914) is amended toconsolidate nine other acts relating toExtension work. The act simplifiedadministration, authorized appropriation offunds and established a permanent formula forapportioning federal funds to states.

1953 W.K. Kellogg Foundation awards grant of$270,000 for an experimental "TownshipAgent" program in Michigan.

1953 Clifford M. Hardin named Dean of Agricultureat MSC to replace retiring E. L. Anthony whohad served since 1928.

1954 Thomas K. Cowden appointed Dean ofAgriculture. Cowden came from the AmericanFarm Bureau Federation to replace C.M.Hardin who accepted a position as chancellorof the University of Nebraska.

1954 Michigan Act 196, Public Acts of 1954, ispassed. The Act provided an appropriation of$144,000 to the State Board of Agriculture tostrengthen Michigan agriculture throughmarketing research and education.

Richard W. Bell named assistant director foragriculture programs.

1954 Extension marketing program is establishedwith Robert C. Kramer of agriculturaleconomics as leader. Miriam J. Kelley ofKentucky is employed to head new ConsumerMarketing Information program.

1954 The 1954-55 federal budget included $207,857

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in additional federal funds received underPublic Law 83, Smith-Lever Act as amended,section 3 (c). This increase gave emphasis tofarm and home development, a majorExtension program of the 1950's.

1955 In the centennial founding year, MichiganState College becomes Michigan StateUniversity with a year-long celebrationcommemorating the 100th anniversary.Lt. Governor Phillip Hart signs the bill for thename change April 21, 1955.

1955 Paul Miller is named director of CES tosucceed D.B. Varner who became MSU's firstvice president for off-campus education.

1955 Section 8 (Rural Development) is added to theSmith-Lever Act to provide for ruraldevelopment work of the Extension Service.

1956 Michigan Act 197, Public Acts of 1956, waspassed to promote agricultural interests inMichigan townships. The act empoweredtownships to cooperate with MSU and enterinto agreements to appropriate money or raisemoney by taxation for support of intensivetownship programs.

1956 Russell A. Mawby appointed state 4-H clubleader. A.G. Kettunen retires after 31 years ashead of boys and girls club work.

1956 Thelma Porter named Dean of College ofHome Economics. She replaced R. Marie A.Dye who held the position for nearly 30 years.

1957 John Stone named to head staff training in anewly created Institute of Extension PersonnelDevelopment.

1958 Director Paul Miller heads national committeeto study the future of the Extension Service.The committee issued their report which wasnationally known as the "Scope Report."

1959 N.P. "Pat" Ralston, chairman of MSU's dairy

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department, is named fourth director of thedecade to succeed Paul Miller who becameMichigan State's first provost.

The SixtiesEnd in Turmoil

1960 Paul V. Kepner appointed administrator ofFederal Extension Service.

1961 Orville Freeman, former governor ofMinnesota, is appointed Secretary ofAgriculture by President Kennedy.

1961 State 4-H camp "Camp Kett" dedicated inOsceola County in honor of A.G. Kettunen,veteran state leader of 4-H club work, whodied in 1959.

1961 E.T. York, Jr. of Florida appointedadministrator of the Federal Extension Service.He served until 1963.

1962 Five former Secretaries of Agriculture appear ata Farmers' Week symposium (Wallace, Wickard,Anderson, Brannan and Benson).

1962 Centennial observance on May 15 of the land-grant system and creation of the USDA. July 2marked 100 years for the land-grant colleges.

1963 Grant of $304,979 from W.K. KelloggFoundation provides for establishment of"TelFarm," a computerized farm businessanalysis system.

1963 Lloyd H. Davis, former deputy administrator,is appointed administrator of the FederalExtension Service to serve from 1963-70.

1964 CES observes 50th anniversary of the passageof the Smith-Lever Act and establishment ofthe Extension Service.

1964 Congress enacts the Civil Rights Act. Title

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VI-non-discrimination in federally assistedprograms specified that "no person in theUnited States shall on the ground of race,color or national origin be excluded fromparticipation in, be denied the benefits of or besubjected to discrimination under any programor activity receiving Federal financialassistance. "

1965 Gordon Beckstrand of Utah appointed state4-H leader to replace Russell G. Mawby whoresigned to accept a position with the W.K.Kellogg Foundation at Battle Creek.

1965 Loa Whitfield, former state leader in Ohio,named to head Family Living Educationprogram to succeed Miriam ]. Kelley who wentwith MSU's Nigeria project. Ms. Whitfieldserved until her death in 1967.

1965 Grant of $432,225 from the W.K. KelloggFoundation provides for an "experimentalagricultural leadership development program,"later to be known as the "Kellogg FarmersStudy Program."

1965 Herbert A. Berg retires after 21 years asassistant director in five administrations.

1965 Sylvan Wittwer, professor of horticulture,appointed director of the AgriculturalExperiment Station, replacing Lloyd Turk whohad held the post since 1953.

1965 George S. Mclntyre, director of the MichiganDepartment of Agriculture, is named associatedirector for Cooperative Extension.

1965 Reorganization of CES. Five program areasestablished. Titles of field agents changed,district directors reassigned, home economistsand 4-H youth agents assigned to multi-countyunits in staff reductions.

1966 George Stachwick appointed program directorfor marketing to succeed Robert C. Kramer.

1967 W.K. Kellogg Foundation awards grant of

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$514,000 for development of "TelPlan," farmmanagement project.

1967 G .S. Mcintyre is named director of CES toreplace N.P. Ralston who continued on leavewith the Federal Extension Service and laterassumed a post in the USDA.

1968 Lois Humphrey of Colorado appointedprogram director for Family Living Education.

1968 USDA adopts Equal Employment Opportunity(EEO) plan. Act specified "to assure that theCooperative Extension Service provides equalopportunity in employment to each individualwithout regard to race, color or nationalorigin."

1968 National study on the future of the ExtensionService entitled "A People and a Spirit" isreleased by National Association of Land-Grant Colleges and State Universities.

1969 MSU President John Hannah resigns tobecome director of the Federal AID program inthe Nixon Administration. Walter Adams,professor of economics, is named interimpresident.

1969 Dean Thomas K. Cowden of the College ofAgriculture and Natural Resources resigns toaccept a position in the Office of the Secretaryin USDA with Secretary Clifford M. Hardinwho had taken office in January with theNixon Administration.

1969 L.L. "Larry" Boger, chairman of theagricultural economics department, is namedDean of the College of Agriculture and NaturalResources to succeed Cowden.

1969 Congress provides appropriations fordevelopment of the Expanded NutritionProgram (ENP) with an allocation to Michiganof more than $1.5 million.

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Challenge andCrisis-The 1970's

1970 Clifton A. Wharton is appointed 14thpresident of MSU.

1970 Edwin L. Kirby from Ohio is appointedadministrator of the Federal Extension Service.

1971 Earl L. Butz, former dean of agriculture atPurdue, named Secretary of Agriculture toreplace C.M. Hardin.

1972 Acts creating Rural Development, Rural AreasDevelopment (RAD) provide for establishmentof Extension programs in natural resources andrural development.

1972 Norman A. Brown, assistant for academic andstudent affairs in the College of Agriculture, isnamed assistant director for 4-H Youthprograms to replace Gordon Beckstrand.

Carroll H. "Jake" Wamhoff is appointeddirector of the newly created Agriculture andNatural Resources Education Institute(ANREI).

1973 Gordon Guyer, chairman of MSU'sDepartment of Entomology, becomes theseventh director of CES to succeed retiringG.S. Mcintyre.

1974 Administrative reorganization dissolves fieldoperations unit, and five district supervisoryteams are appointed. Assistant directors namedfor Agriculture-Marketing; Natural Resources-Public Policy, Family Living Education and 4-HYouth Programs.

1974 John Speicher appointed assistant Extensiondirector for Agriculture and Marketing toreplace R.W. Bell who retired in 1973.

1975 Doris E. Wetters, state leader of home

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economics in Hawaii, is named to head FamilyLiving Education programs.

1976 Mitchell R. Geasler of Iowa State, and formerMichigan 4-H youth agent, is named assistantdirector for Agriculture and Marketingprograms.

1977 Former Congressman Robert Bergland ofMinnesota is appointed Secretary ofAgriculture in President Carter's Cabinet.

Under a new reorganization of a Science andEducation Administration (SEA) W. NeillSchaller of the Farm Foundation becameadministrator of Extension Service--SEA/USDA.

1977 James Anderson of Mississippi is appointedDean of the College of Agriculture and NaturalResources. J.A. Hoefer of the AgriculturalExperiment Station had served as interim deanwhen L.L. Boger became MSU Provost.

1977 Adger B. Carroll from Mississippi appointedassistant director for Natural Resources-PublicPolicy programs to succeed Einer Olstrom, whoretired.

1977 Edgar Harden appointed interim MSUpresident for 18 months as a search for newpresident proceeds to replace Clifton Whartonwho became chancellor of the State Universityof New York system.

1979 Mary Nell Greenwood of Missouri becomes thefirst woman to head the Extension Service,USDA.

1979 Cecil Mackey becomes 16th president of MSU.Mackey had served as president of TexasTechnological University in Lubbock, Texas.

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•irectors:1940 to 1980

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Robert J. Baldwin"Bob" Baldwin will take his place in history as the "father

of the Extension Service" in Michigan. As the first director, heserved for 34 years after the passage of the Smith-Lever Act in1914. Baldwin held the title of "Extension Assistant to theDean of Agriculture" even before the enabling federal legislationwas passed. He retired in 1948 after 38 years of service with"the college."

A farm boy ftom Brown City, Baldwin never attended highschool. He was admitted to MAC by passing the entranceexaminations and received a B.S. in agriculture at age 20. Theyear was 1904. His plan was to return to farming "the modernway," but fate dealt a cruel blow. He was stricken with polio afew months after graduation. That unalterably changed hisentire career. But his familiar limp was not to slow him downor alter a prophetic vision of service to people. His was to be abold-faced page of Michigan history.

He took graduate work at the University of Michigan toprepare for teaching. He taught science at Traverse City Highfor two years. Then he returned to East Lansing. In 1910, Deanof Agriculture Robert Shaw called in young Baldwin andoffered him the job as "assistant" that was to lead to a lifelongcareer in serving people of rural Michigan. Shaw and Baldwinwere campus colleagues for more than 30 years.

Dean Shaw chose well. He demonstrated his astute academicleadership. He was the dean for 20 years and MSC presidentfor a dozen more. In 1907, no less than President TheodoreRoosevelt delivered a stirring commencement address at theMichigan Agricultural College. "Teddy" Roosevelt's famous"Country Life" speech gave strong impetus for an ExtensionService.

Dean Shaw later appointed a "roving Extension agent." Thedean was renowned in higher education circles and became theeleventh president of Michigan State in 1928. Parenthetically, ayoung Extension poultry specialist named John Hannah marriedSarah Shaw, the dean's daughter, and quite coincidentallybecame the twelfth president upon Shaw's retirement in 1941.

Baldwin's long experience took him into every corner of thestate. Early travel was a far cry from an interstate drive or ashort flight to Marquette. Few Extension careers have witnessedthe changes that Michigan's first director observed over a40-year association with Michigan State. He was on hand whenWKAR aired the first Extension radio broadcast in 1922. Justprior to his 1948 retirement, he appeared on a premiere Detroitstation telecast. It was but one instance of a philosophy that"one is never too old to take on new ideas!" And there were

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many over three decades and two world wars.

It is difficult if not impossible to chronicle nearly a fourdecade career in a few short paragraphs. Over this span,Director Baldwin saw hundreds of young men and women comeand go as members of the "Extension family." Only a select fewof today's 1980 staff still remain whose appointments carry thesignature of Director R.J. Baldwin.

Over 30 years have passed since the "Charter Director's"retirement. While 1948 was a "golden year" for agriculture, thetechnology then would be in sharp contrast to the 1980's. Ruralnewspapers published glowing editorial tributes when Baldwinleft the Extension scene. Even at age 65, he was to live morethan 20 years. His death came October 14, 1970-two weeksprior to an 87th birthday.

"Who is Director Baldwin?" one retirement editorial queried."He's the man who led Michigan farmers to top place duringtwo world wars in food production. He's the man who madethis state realize that something could be done about soilconservation. When you see a field of alfalfa, think ofBaldwin ...he first urged farmers to grow the crop for soilimprovement. He saw the possibilities for production of navybeans and potatoes." Then the article concluded: "Without fearof contradiction, no other man in America has done more forthe farming industry than Robert J. Baldwin." It was a glowingaccolade.

Baldwin's final Extension News column, "In Retrospect," wasone of thankfulness and humility. His years of service were notmarked by dramatic technology, rapid farm productivity orspiraling inflation. More often there were times of drought,tumbling prices and meager incomes. For 11 years he was givenno salary increases, and in the Depression years of 1932-35 thedirector actually took a salary cut!

"But," he reflected, "one feels humble when given credit forthe results of efforts of so many. Measured by theirachievements, Michigan Extension workers have been and arepublic servants giving their best to the advancement of a highstandard of American life." Baldwin's departure ended a long,yet impressive chapter in the annals of Michigan's CooperativeExtension Service. His colleagues "Clint" Ballard, "Edna V."Smith, and A.G. "Kett" Kettunen, shared lifetime careers thattotaled more than a century of service. That record willprobably stand unequaled for all time!

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c. v. BallardC.V. "Clint" Ballard's place in Extension history will likely be

best remembered as a kind of "philosophic homily." His mellowtone was acquired through 37 years of service with CES.Ballard's career began as a county agricultural agent inDickinson County, July I, 1915. For nearly all of his years ofservice, he worked with R.J. "Bob" Baldwin. With a demeanorthat was legend, Ballard moved to "the state office" with a titleof "Assistant County Agricultural Agent leader," a title he heldfor a quarter century.

When he sketched a memoir in 1952, he observed, "I am fullyaware that in the Scriptures man is admonished against lookingbackward once he has set his hand to the plow, but perhaps alittle peek won't mar the dead furrow! True, sometimes Iappeared to complain about the pressures of work ...but I wasonly finding a way to say, look how much my services are indemand. Folks liked me. But somehow, it never seemed properto tell the truth about it!"

Ballard joined the Extension Service during the years ofWorld War I. Michigan Agricultural College was still a fledgling"ag" school with only 2,000 students. The college had put anExtension Service in place as prescribed by the federal Smith-Lever Act passed only a year earlier. He saw Extension throughthe roaring twenties, the Depression thirties, and the "food forfreedom" and victory gardens of World War II.

For 25 years he was a leader of agricultural agents. He cameto campus in 1921 to join Hale Tennant who was "In-Charge ofCounty Agents". He travelled every county of the statecountless times by horse and buggy, train and ancientautomobile. His usual schedule was two weeks of travel, thentwo more weeks of preparation for the next trip. He was acolleague of veterans A.G. "Kerr" Kettunen in 4-H and "EdnaV." Smith in Home Economics for nearly 30 years.

Following World War II, he assumed the title of "AssistantDirector of Extension for Field Coordination." He wassucceeded by B.D. Kuhn. Two years later Ballard took over thereins of the director when Baldwin ended his long, trail-blazingcareer of 34 years in 1948.

"Clint" Ballard was director for only four years, but hecapitalized on more than three decades of Extension experience.When he retired in 1952, he had served under five Universitypresidents and was to witness three campus name changes. Helived to see an agricultural college hewn from an East Lansingswamp become a major U.S. university. His death came early inMichigan State's centennial year of 1955.

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"If a person's objective in life is to amass a fortune," he oncesaid, "he should not waste his time in Extension work ...a factwhich requires no mathematical genius! There is more than oneway to build an estate. The most indestructible estates I haveever seen were built on goodwill...limited only by one's capacityto be of service."

His career was his life, and he lived less than three yearsfollowing his retirement. His mentor, "Bob" Baldwin, outlivedhim by 15 years. Upon completion of Ballard's career as thesecond director he wrote, "To my inquisitors who ask if I wereto be back 37 years and knew what I now know aboutExtension, what then? I would reply without hesitation that I'ddo it all over again!" His career ended a second chapter andnearly the first 40 years of the state's Extension history.

Durward B. VarnerMichigan's third Extension Service director assumed his

post in September 1952. A native Texan, at 35 he became theyoungest Extension director in the nation when hisappointment was made by Dean Ernest L. Anthony. Varnersucceeded colleagues who had been at the helm for 40 years."Woody" came to Michigan State in 1949 as a specialist inpublic policy in the Department of Agricultural Economics.

Well known throughout Michigan for his discussions ofnational and international policy issues, he graduated at the topof his class from Texas A&M in 1940. At A&M he was anoutstanding student and headed the cadet ROTC of 6,800members known as "the Corps." During World War II he rosefrom the army rank of second lieutenant to lieutenant colonel.Following the war, he earned his master's degree at theUniversity of Chicago.

Just two and a half years after assuming the Extensiondirector's position, he was named the University's first vicepresident. This was during the centennial year of 1955, whenMSC became Michigan State University. Varner was appointedvice president for off-campus education. He left the campus in1959 to become administrator of MSU's Oakland branch atRochester. Later he became the chancellor, and MSU-Oevolved to be Oakland University.

Varner was at Oakland during most of the 1960's. When aformer Michigan Stater, C.M. Hardin, joined the Nixon Cabinetas Secretary of Agriculture, "Woody" Varner was selected tosucceed Hardin as chancellor of the University of Nebraska. Inthe late 1970's, Varner relinquished his administrative post and

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has since headed University Development for the "Cornhuskers"of Lincoln. He also serves on the board of the W.K. KelloggFoundation.

His tenure as CES director was less than three years, butthere were climactic changes. New positions were added, andthe supervisory structure was shifted to teams of program leader-supervisors in agriculture, home economics, and 4-H club work.In 1954 he named Paul Miller deputy director, and programleaders were given the titles of "Assistant Directors ofExtension" in agriculture, home economics, and 4-H club work.He predicted repeatedly "...within the next five years, we intendfor Michigan to be recognized as the best Extension Service inthe country."

An early endeavor was to devise a staffing formula. Varnercommented: "The new plan is based upon a philosophy that wewere created to serve the needs of people rather than acres,dollar income or miles of travel!" He maintained a commitmentto agriculture and rural Michigan, but he also recognized thepotential of the home economics and 4-H programs.

With the addition of new federal funds and thrusts such as"farm and home development" and "program projection," staffsize increased. In 1954 when surpluses were depressing the farmeconomy, marketing education came to the front. TheAgricultural Marketing Act (AMA) provided additional federalfunds. Michigan was among the first states to use such funds ina marketing effort to serve producers, the food industry andconsumers. Robert C. Kramer headed a new "AgriculturalMarketing and Utilization Center." Later he became director ofa new Extension marketing program. Miriam Kelley came fromKentucky to head a newly initiated Consumer MarketingInformation effort.

A unique "Township Agent Program" was launched in 1953with a five-year grant from the Kellogg Foundation. It was anexperiment to test if Extension could make more effective use ofresources by concentrating efforts with a smaller number ofrural families. Collaborating with four Michigan townships,agents were assigned to work intensively with 100-200 farmfamilies in Tuscola, Lapeer, Ionia and Kalkaska counties. LaurenH. "Hi" Brown of agricultural economics headed the uniqueprogram, to be succeeded by R.W. "Dick" Bell. It was a nobleexperiment, but one "whose time apparently had not yet come."A public vote did not support it.

In a short, but dynamic tenure, "Woody" Varner left anindelible imprint on the state's Extension Service. By the timehe reached his early 50's he had moved from an Extensionspecialist to head a major land-grant university. He perhapslittle realized that his successor in CES would closely parallel hisunique career.

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Paul A. MillerThe careers of Michigan's Extension directors of the 1950's

contain many parallels. Both Paul Miller and his predecessor,"Woody" Varner, came to Michigan from another state asExtension specialists. Both had relatively short tenure as CESdirectors and served successive terms in the University'sadministrative echelon. In their rapid professionaladvancements, both left MSU to become land-grant universitypresidents.

Miller will have a place in academic history as an eminentscholar. A West Virginia farm boy, he earned a degree inanimal husbandry in 1938 from the university to which he wasto return as president two dozen years later. He was anagricultural agent in his home state, then served with the ArmyAir Force in World War II and spent 15 years at MSU. In thatlatter period he moved from graduate student to the chiefacademic officer of the campus.

After earning two Spartan degrees, Miller became a specialistin rural sociology. His published doctoral thesis, "CommunityHealth Action: A Study of Community Contrast," still standsas a basic research and educational model for communitydevelopment. In 1954, he was named to a new position asdeputy director of the Extension Service by Director Varner.Six months later, before he reached 40, he assumed the helm asdirector when Varner accepted a new post as University vicepresident.

Director Miller served April 1, 1955 to January 31, 1959. Inthat time, the Extension Service continued to expand withinnovative programs that captured national attention.Concurrently, a prosperous post-war economy was windingdown as MSU student enrollments continued to grow atexponential rates. A school of 15,000 had now doubled in adecade, and in the next one was to exceed 40,000! In a "goldenage" of expansion, one observer commented that "the concretenever sets at Michigan State!"

A perceptive administrator and articulate speaker, Miller leftExtension to become the University's first provost. After threeyears, he accepted the West Virginia University presidency.Following four and a half years as "prexy" in the MountaineerState, he went to Washington in 1966 as Assistant Secretary forEducation in the Department of Health, Education and Welfare(HEW). When he returned later that year to address a nationalconference on teaching at MSU, he challenged, "Colleges anduniversities should take on more sparkle; exhibit more zest andbecome more daring."

His exhortation was prophetic. But in a far different sense.

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The late 1960's and 1970's were to erupt in student protest,dissent and confrontation never before seen on Americancampuses. Michigan State was no exception. Student militancyturned to defiance, riot and sheer destruction. A "hippie-yippee"culture, fueled by an intense resentment of the Vietnamese Warand the U.S. military, brought contempt and violence.

Before Director Miller turned over the Extension mantle tohis successor, "Pat" Ralston, he had seen the professional staffgrow to more than 400. It stabilized near that number for morethan 20 years. But Extension's "multiplier effect" was employedcountless times by program assistants, aides, and thousands ofvolunteers which comprise a part of Extension's educationalgenius.

As director, Miller appointed George Axinn of informationservices an assistant and later associate director for programs.R.W. Bell, Leona Macleod and Robert Kramer headedprograms in agriculture, home economics, and marketing. Thedirector appointed Russell G. Mawby to head youth programs.An innovative development in the state's Upper Peninsulacoordinated CES efforts with MSU's Continuing EducationService and also developed an early-day consortium of MSU,Northern Michigan, Michigan Tech and the University ofMichigan. The combined effort drew both national attentionand international notice.

Early in his term as director, Miller served on a national taskforce to assess the future of the Extension Service. He chairedthe committee as President John Hannah had done for a similargroup ten years earlier. The "Scope Report" remains as one ofthe milestones of Extension Service history and still anotherintrospection which has occurred at 10-15 year intervals since1948.

Director Miller left his post in early 1959. In his preface tothe 1958 CES annual report, he rhetorically posed questionswhich have continued to be raised for more than 20 years.They are relevant for the 1980's and probably will serve well formany future years:

1) To what extent have we achieved the objectives we setforth a year ago?

2) How has the situation changed on the Michigan sceneduring the past year?

3) What should be our objectives in the year ahead?

These pervasive questions were framed in a reference that"the system...had grown out of the notion of a commonwealthof Extension education .. .founded upon a broad definition offreedom to develop programs according to the needs andinterests of the people it serves." That was Paul Miller's finalyear with Extension, a year in which the total budget was$4,641,000.

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Noel P. "Pat" RalstonA native of Missouri, "Pat" Ralston became Michigan

Extension director February 1, 1959. He served until June 30,1966, when he went on leave to be deputy administrator for theFederal Extension Service in Washington, D.C. A director forseven and one-half years, Ralston assumed his position at a timewhen Michigan was emerging from a sharp economic declineand an era of "pay less paydays" for state employees. A "goldenera" for Michigan higher education and MSU was beginning totarnish!

Ralston received B.S. and M.S. degrees from the University ofMissouri in dairy science. Cornell conferred the Ph.D. in dairynutrition on him in 1942. After accepting a position at theUniversity of California-Davis, he served in the U.S. Army inWorld War II. He returned to California as assistant professorin the dairy department until 1949 when he came to Michiganto join MSU's dairy department faculty. In 1955 he becamedepartment chairman. During this era the animal sciencedepartments moved to the newly completed Anthony Hall onthe University's south campus.

When Director Paul Miller became University provost in1959, Dean T.K. Cowden selected Ralston to head theExtension Service. While the state's first two directors served atotal of nearly 40 years, Ralston was the third to be named andthe fourth to serve during the 1950's. In Ralston'sadministration were veteran Assistant Director Herbert A. Bergand Associate Director George H. Axinn. Axinn also hadcharge of staff development in a newly created "Institute forExtension Personnel Development." He left in 1961 to joinMSU's International Program. No replacement was named untilGeorge Mcintyre returned to CES in 1965.

In a restructure of supervision, Ralston completed areorganization begun by Director Miller. Six districts werecreated, each headed by a single "district director." Formermembers of supervisory teams were transferred to becomeprogram leaders. On the date of Ralston's appointment, MiriamJ. Kelley was named the new assistant director for FamilyLiving-Home Economics. George Stachwick , a former districtmarketing agent, returned to lead the Consumer MarketingInformation program. Specialist W.J. "Bill" Kimball was namedto provide leadership for a new program in CommunityResource Development. When Kimball returned to theDepartment of Resource Development, he was replaced byDuane Gibson. Gibson held a dual appointment with CES andMSU's Institute for Community Development. Robert Kramerhad been appointed to head a new Agriculture-Marketingprogram in 1954.

More changes were to come. The year 1965 was climactic.

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Kramer left the marketing program for an administrativeappointment with the University of California at Pomona.Stach wick then assumed responsibility for the marketingprogram. When Gibson returned to Community Development,he was replaced by Einer Olstrom as the first program directorof Natural Resources, formerly called Community ResourceDevelopment. Russell Mawby accepted a position with the W.K.Kellogg Foundation and was replaced by Gordon Beckstrand.At the same time, Ms. Kelley went on an internationalassignment to Nigeria. She was replaced by Loa Whitfield, whohad moved to the Upper Peninsula from the state homeeconomics leader's position in Ohio.

The 1960's included stormy times. A state constitutionalconvention in 1962 created dramatic changes in the compositionof the state legislature and the end of rural and predominatelyRepublican domination. State budget requests often faceduncertain futures. The support base shifted as Extensionprograms moved from a traditional rural to a greatly expandedurban emphasis. There were frequent and often unpredictablelegislative alignments under dynamic Governor George Romney.

Director Ralston had many visionary projections forExtension. Many are in place today. Others were simply aheadof their time. During his term came the passage of civil rightsand equal employment legislation. Both were to have far-reaching implications for the Extension Service, staffing andpublic service programs. In 1965 Ralston headed nationaldirectors as chairman of the Extension Committee onOrganization and Policy (ECOP).

Ralston went on leave in 1966 with the Federal ExtensionService and remained in Washington after his replacement byGeorge S. Mcintyre in 1967. He held a variety of Extension andUSDA appointments in the Nixon and Ford administrations.He spent 14 years on the Washington scene and the USDA'sScience and Education Administration (SEA-USDA). He endedhis career with the Extension Service and retired from federalservice in 1980. "Pat" and wife Marie live in Okemos, Michigan.

George S. McIntyreGeorge Mcintyre was no newcomer to the Extension Service

when he became director in 1967. He had begun his career as aCass County agricultural agent in the depth of the Depressionin 1932. After graduating from Dowagiac High School, heentered MSU in 1924. "The college (MAC) had only about2,300 students then," he recalled, "there was a strong allegianceto the alma mater and almost everybody was proud to be

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there," he once reminisced. His association with MSU spannedmore than 40 years.

To earn his college expenses as a student, he organizedbarberry eradication projects throughout the state. The barberryplant was host for a disease rust which threatened Michigan'swheat crop. In the early 1930's he became the assistant stateleader for the state eradication project.

As an agricultural agent he served in the lean, Depressionyears in Cass County until 1940. The thirties brought drought,low farm prices, the "New Deal" and the federal AgriculturalAdjustment Act. These were difficult days for rural Americaand Cass County. In 1940, Mcintyre was transferred toChatham in the Upper Peninsula. There he served six years asa regional Extension livestock specialist. For the World War IIera, he could regale listeners with a long litany of experiences inhis efforts to improve the peninsula's livestock industry in theface of many obstacles.

Then came a major shift in his career. From 1947-1953 hebecame deputy director for the Michigan Department ofAgriculture (MDA). Then, for a dozen more years, he waselevated to be the state director of MDA. His department wasresponsible for enforcement of some 130 state laws and morethan 100 regulations to safeguard consumer health and thequality control of Michigan's agricultural and food industries.

After nearly 20 years with the Department of Agriculture, in1965 he came back to CES as associate director for fieldoperations. In this post he worked with a team of BohnMusgrave, Frank Madaski, George Parsons and the late FrankMolinare. When Director "Pat" Ralston took leave for atemporary post with the Federal Extension Service in 1966,"Mac" was named acting director. A year later, Ralston electedto remain in Washington, D.C. with USDA, and Mcintyre wasselected director of Extension by Dean T.K. Cowden.

Director Mcintyre was on campus during the student protestsand riots of the late 1960's and early 70's. MSU President JohnA. Hannah left the University in 1969 to accept a position withthe Nixon Administration. Dean Cowden also departed to servein USDA. Another former Michigan Stater, C.M. "Cliff'Hardin had been appointed U.S. Secretary of Agriculture.

In 1973, "Mac" at 64 announced his retirement fromExtension effective July 1. He stayed on for another year at therequest of the new Dean, Larry Boger, directing special projectsfor the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. He retiredafter more than 23 years with CES and a total of over 40 yearsof public service to Michigan. He left MSU to commutebetween the Upper Peninsula and Florida. Mcintyre lives in theSunshine State when he and his wife, Mercedes, are not on anational or world travel tour.

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Gordon E. GuyerGordon E. Guyer came to the Cooperative Extension Service

as no stranger. A native of Kalamazoo, he earned three degreesfrom MSU. As an entomologist, he became CES director after ascore of years of University service. He was chairman of theDepartment of Entomology for ten years. Dean L.L. Bogerrecommended his appointment as Michigan's seventh directorand associate dean of the College of Agriculture and NaturalResources in 1973.

Guyer's appointment was no simple procedure. On sabbaticalleave in Africa, he was contacted overseas for acceptance of hisJuly 1 appointment. At the time he was president of theEntomological Society of America. Halfway around the world,he accepted the appointment on the condition of assumingduties in September. In Africa, Guyer was on a fourth tourunder United Nation's sponsorship to develop education andresearch programs in plant protection in eight countries.Associate Director Fred J. Peabody served as acting directoruntil Guyer returned.

A familiar figure in University academic circles, the newExtension head had served as chairman of the steeringcommittee of the MSU Academic Council. He received theUniversity's Distinguished Teacher Award in 1965. When hearrived on the scene in the fall of 1973, his immediate task wasto restructure administration and fill a number of key vacancies.

R.W. "Dick" Bell had retired earlier in the year as assistantdirector for agricultural programs. Guyer appointed dairyspecialist John Speicher to replace Bell. Speicher returned to thedairy department after two years. Succeeding him was M.R."Mitch" Geasler, a former Michigan agent who had gone toIowa State and returned to head a now, newly combinedAgriculture-Marketing program. Geasler left in 1981 to head theExtension Service in Virginia.

Doris Wetters, formerly on the MSU staff, came from Hawaiito head Family Living Education in 1975. Two years later thedirector named Adger Carroll of Mississippi State to take overleadership of a newly named Natural Resources-Public Policyprogram. Program Director Einer Olstrom retired in 1977. The4-H Youth Program Director Norman A. Brown left to becomethe Extension Director in Minnesota. When Barbara Stowe,chairperson of Human Environment and Design, was appointedto succeed Brown, Director Guyer had named new directors forall CES programs. Former 4-H program leader and supervisor ].Ray Gillespie became associate director for programs in 1979.

Guyer always maintained that Michigan was able to attract

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the level of professionalism "that other states want." Guyer alsomade shifts in the supervisory structure. Supervisory "teams"were appointed for six regions. Regional teams included FrankMolinare and Judith Place in the u.P.; John Hodge and JuanMarinez in the North; Marvin Preston and Arvella Curtis in anew East Central Region; Ray Gillespie and George Parsons inthe Southeast, and Frank Madaski and Irene Ott in theSouthwest. Later, all regions were to have one supervisor, andafter eight years Director Guyer had assembled almost anentirely new administrative team.

During Guyer's tenure came the enlargement of the ExpandedNutrition Program, a new Marine Advisory Service, anintegrated pest management system and a dramatic expansion ofthe 4-H Youth programs, particularly in urban areas. To thiswere added numerous new programs as a result of specialfunding. A firm commitment to affirmative action also broughtdozens of new programs for disadvantaged and minority groups.

In his first six years, the incumbent director served underthree University presidents and three deans of the College ofAgriculture and Natural Resources. In his first seven years, thecombined budget for support of Extension work had more thandoubled, even in the face of a severe economic downturn in thelate 1970's. County funding continued to increase, and specialgrants enabled both creation and expansion of new programs.

The years 1973-1980 saw giant strides in educational progressand innovative programs. It was, and is, an emerging age ofsophisticated delivery systems, the application of electroniccommunication and the microsecond responses from calculatorsand computers. Collectively, these added even greater potentialfor the Extension Service. Well-trained, professional staffadopting these technologies offered a more dynamic period ofknowledge outreach than at any point in the 70-year history ofthe Extension Service.

Director Guyer has served as chairman of the ExtensionCommittee on Organization and Policy and was a member ofthe staff committee for the "Extension in the 80's" report. In1982 he was appointed director of the Kellogg Biological Stationproject. He administers a $10 million grant from the KelloggFoundation, the largest single award ever made to MSU. TheGuyers have a son and daughter and have been residents ofEast Lansing for more than 30 years.

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Personnel:1940 to 1980

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Assistantand AssociateDirectors

Herbert A. Berg7-1-44 to 6- 30-64

Denio A. CaulExtension Program Coordinator

4-1-69 to 4- 10-74

Assistant to Extension Director1-1-74 to 4-17-7H

Karl H. McDonel10-16-27 to 6-30-41

George H. Axinn7-1-S8to 2-28-61

J. Ray Gillespie3-1-79 to date

Roy E. Decker7-1-41 to 6-30-44

Fred J. Peabody4-1-74 to date

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Clinton V. Ballard9-19- 33 to 8- 31-46

Bernard D. Kuhn7 -1- 48 to 8 -1 5 - S4

George T. Stachwick7-1-66 to date

Assistant DirectorsAgriculture &Marketing

Richard W. Bell7-1- 54 to 7- ) 1-7 3

John A. Speicher5-15-74 to 6- 30-76

Robert C. Kramer5-1-60 to 10- 31-65

Mitchell R. Geasler11-1-77 to date

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Home EconomicsFamily Living Directors

Leona (DeYoung) Macleod9 -1- 50 to 1-31-59

Miriam]. Kelley2-1-59 to 1-14-65

Lois H. Humphrey3-15-68 to 4-30-74

Rachel Markwell7-1-44 to 9- 30-49

Loa (Davis) Whitfield3-1-65 to 12-24-67

Doris E. Wetters5-1-75 to date

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William J. Kimball7-1- ')9 to 7-14 - 6 3

Duane Gibson7-15-63 to 9- 30-6')

Resource Development,NR/PP Program Directors

Einer G. Olstrom10-1-6') to 6- 30-77

Adger B. Carroll9-1')-77 to date

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4", H Program Directors

Russell G. Mawby7-1-56 to 1-15-65

Gordon L. Beckstrand2-20-65to9-30-72

Arne G. Kettunen1-20-25 to 6-30-56

Norman A. Brown11-1-72to date

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Radio BroadcastingRobert J. Coleman8-1- H to 6- 30-')9

W. Lowell Treaster3-1- 46 to 6 - 30 - ::;3

Joseph J. Marks4-1-68to 6-6-73

Information Services

Earl C. Richardson3-1-46 to 1- 31-62

Walter L. Patterson, Jr.11-25-1) to 5-17-76

Howard L. Miller1-1-62 to 3- 30-68

Eldon E. Fredericks5-1-71 to date

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"Training" Directors

John T. Stone7-1-53 to 8-31-59

Mason E. Miller12-1-61 to 11-18-71

Carroll H. Wamhoff11-1-72 to date

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OSTEROF

EXTENSION

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-- --- - ------=-==--------------------------=:::- -- -----------==--- ---

About titles and names .

On the following pages are listed some 3,000 names of menand women who were employed by the Extension Service in the 65years from 1914 through 1979. They carried many titles to describewho they were and what they did. In the counties they were mostfrequently known as "agents." On campus, CES staff were"specialists. "

Agriculture and 4-H have retained the agent title. Women inHome Economics, known as "Home Demonstration agents" fornearly 50 years became "Extension Home Economists." The 4-Hagents are now officially "4-H Youth Agents." Their designation isabbreviated as "4-H" in the county lists. While a select few 4-Hagents completed total careers in youth work, hundreds more beganthem in 4-H and later held two, three or more positions. Campusstaff frequently held joint appointments in research and/or teachingand often had short tenure with CES.

In 1955, one county staff member was designated as the "CountyExtension Director" or CEO. Formerly, the "County AgriculturalAgent" (CAA) was usually the local administrator of county offices.This persisted for nearly 40 years. Today, CEO's may have programresponsibilities other than agriculture.

Since early days, staff have been assigned on a district, area,regional or multi-county basis. This simply meant they hadduties/ assignments across county lines. This was the result of boththe number and type of audiences to be served. Area, multi-countyor regional staff were usually supported by some cooperativearrangement of local funds. District workers were state funded andmay have travelled half a dozen or as many as 15-20 counties. Acounty in the region provided the headquarters office for thedistrict.

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Personnellists appear for state administration, program staff,departmental specialists and field agents. Counties are alphabetical

with listing ordered by county directors, agriculture-marketing agents,home economists, resource development staff followed by 4 -H Youth.Names of district agents appear both with respective programs and intheir headquarters county.

Marginal notes indicate varying assignments, nature ofappointments, organizational transfers, retirements and deaths while inservice. Some 400 staff members completed Extension careers to retireover the past 50 plus years. More than half of these are still living!

Abbreviations for titles are as follows:CED County Extension DirectorCAA County Agricultural AgentACAA Assistant County Agricultural AgentEAA Extension Agricultural AgentEHA Extension Horticulture AgentCMIA Consumer Marketing Information AgentDAA District Agricultural AgentDHA District Horticultural AgentDMA District Marketing AgentDHMA District Horticulture/Marketing AgentDFMA District Farm Management AgentCENRA County Extension Natural Resource AgentDENRA District Extension Natural Resource AgentDEL· RD District Extension Leader -Resource DevelopmentCRDA Community Resource Development AgentDCRDA District Community Resource Development AgentRDA Resource Development AgentEMPA Extension Manpower AgentDMNA District Marine Agent (Sea Grant Program)HDA Home Demonstration AgentAHDA Assistant Home Demonstration AgentEHEA Extension Home Economics AgentEHE Extension Home Economist4·H 4-H Agent or 4-H Youth Agent

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State Extension DirectorsRobert J. Baldwin7·1·14 to 6-3-48 Retired; Deceased 10-14-70; Age 87Clinton V. Ballard7·1-48 to 9·15·52 Retired; Dec:eased2·24·55; Age 64Durward B. Varner9·16-52 to 3·31·55 Trans. to MSV, V.Pres. for Off·Campus Ed.Paul A. Miller4·1·55 to 1.3.1.59 Trans. to MSV Provost

Extension Administration

Robert J. BaldwinExt. Asst. Dean of Ag., 1·1·11 to 7·15·13Supt. of Ext., 7·16-13 to 6-30·14 To CES Dir. 7·1·14Karl H. McDonelSupt. of Ext. Schools, 7·1·17 to 6-30·21Asst. to Ext. Dir., 7·1·21 to 10-15·27Asst. Ext. Dir., 10-16-27to 6-30-41Roy E. DeckerAsst. Ext. Dir., 7·1-41 to 6-30-44Herbert A. BergAsst. Ext. Dir., 7·1-44 to 6-30-64 Retired;Deceased 1973J. Donald PhillipsAsst. Ext. Dir., Adult Ed., 4·19-46 to 6-30-48 Trans. to Cont. Ed.Clinton V. BallardAsst. Dir., Field Coord., 9·1-46 to 6-30-48 To CES Dir. 7·1-48Floyd D. FladsethBudget Asst., 7·1-46 to 1·31·74 RetiredJohn T. StoneExt. Training Spec., 9·16-49 to 6-30·53Dir. of Spec. Prog., 7·1·53 to 6-30·55Staff Training Officer, 7·1·55 to 8·31·59 ResignedPaul A. MillerDeputy Dir. of Ext., 10·16-54to 3·31·55 To CES Dir. 4·1·55George H. AxinnAsst. to Dir., Prog. Dev., 7·1·55 to 6-30·58Assoc. CES Dir., 7·1·58 to 8-31·59Assoc. Dir. & Staff Training Ldr.,

9·1·59 to 2·28-61 Trans. to MSU Nigerian Proj.Bernard D. KuhnStaff Personnel Officer, 8-16-56 to 11·20·56 DeceasedGeorge S. McIntyreAssoc. Dir, of Ext., 10-1-65to 6-30-66Acting Dir. of Ext., 7·1-66 to 5·17-67Dir. of Ext., 5·18-67 to 6-30·73 RetiredHoward L. MillerLdr., Ext. Mgt. Info., 4·1-68 to dateFred J. PeabodyExt. Personnel Dir., 3·1-69 to 3·31·74Acting State Ext. Dir., 7·1·73 to 8·31·73Ext. Personnel Dir., 9·1·73 to 3·31·74Assoc. Ext. Dir., Adm., 4·1·74 to dateDenio A. CaulExt. Prog. Coord., 4·1-69 to 4·30·74Asst. to Ext. Dir., 5·1·74 to 4·17·78 DeceasedCarroll H. WamhoffAsst. to the Dir., 10-1·70 to 11·30·71 Trans. to ANREISiPfredo L. CavazosAsst. to Dir., Spec. Prog., 1·1·72 to 10-31·72 All. Action Prog.Marta TiendaAsst. to Dir., Spec. Prog., 3·20-72 to 8-31·72 All. Action Prog.

236

N. P. (pat) Ralston2·1·59 to 6-30-66 Trans. to Fed. Ext. Serv.: Retired 7·1·80George S. Mcintyre5·18-67 to 6-30-73 Retired 6-30-73Gordon E. Guyer7·1·73 to date

James T. ArtabasyExt. Compensation Asst., 11·1·72 to 1·31·79Ext. Prog. Ldr., Compensation, 2·1·79 to dateGary M. GlazierExt. Personnel Asst., 6-1·71 to 1·31·79Ext. Personnel Ldr., 2·1·79 to dateMartin PastorDir., Mgt. Serv., 7·1·73 to dateJ. Ray GillespieAssoc. Ext. Dir., Prog., 3·1·79 to date

Administration - District Supervision

M. J. ThompsonDist. Supv., 4·1·12 to 3·15·13 N.W. tx«H. F. WillianuDist. Supv., 9·26·12 to 1·31·14 S.c. Dist.James F. ZimmerDist. Supv., 6-2·13 to 9·30·14 N.W. Dist.Leon L. DrakeCollege Ext. Spec., 2·1·25 to 7·15·30 Grand TraverseWillard C. CribbsSpec. Ext. Rep., 5·20·26 to 12·31·35 N.W. tx«Benjamin WestuteAssoc. Dist, Supv., 3·1-47 to 3·31·56 V.P., 4·H Prog.Albert A. GriffithDist. Supv., 3·1-47 to 6-30-60 W. Dist.Disr. Supv. 7·1-60 to 9·1-61 N. W.; Trans. to Midland CEDBernard D. KuhnDist. Supv., 4·1-47 to 6-30-48Jamie G. Wella. Jr.Dist. Supv., 4·1-47 to 12-6-48Harold J. FosterDist. Supv., 5·1-47 to 6-30-48Dist. Supv., 7·1-48 to 3·31-63

E. Dist.

V.P.; Deceased

W. Dist.E. Dist.; Retired

Elwyn A. WennerDisr, Supv., 5·1-47 to 10·31·54 N. Dist.; RetiredRuuell E. HorwoodDist. Supv., 4·1-49 to 12·31·56 V.P.; Trans. to TeachingRichard C. LouAssoc. Dist. Ext. Supv., 7·1·54 to 6-30·59 Trans. to InghamBohn E. MusgnveAssoc. Dist. Ext. Supv., 7·1·54 to 11·30·56Dist. Ext. Supv., 12·1·56 to 7·31·59 W. tx«Dist. Ext. Dir., 8·1·59 to 6-30-66 Cent. Dist.Asst. Field Opr. Dir., 7·1-66 to 12·31-68 RetiredEiner G. OlatromAssoc. Dist. Supv., 12·1·54 to 11·30-56 N. Dist., 4·H Prog.Dist. Supv., 12·1·56 to 8-31·58 N. Dist., 4·H Prog.Dist. Ext. Supv., 9·1·58 to 6-30·59 N. tu«Dist. Ext. Dir., 7·1·59 to 6-30-60 N. tx«Dist. Ext. Dir., 7·1-60 to 9·30-65 N.E. Dist.; Trans. to Prog. Ldr.

Page 247: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Denio A. CaulDist. Ext. Supv., 7·1·55 to 9·15·58

9·16-58 to 3·31-60 Study LeaveDist. Ext. Dir., 4·1·60 to 6·30·60Dist, Ext. Dir., 7·1·60 to 10·1-65

N. Dist.

At·largeW. Dist.; Trans. to Prog. Ldr.

Margaret HarrisAssoc. Dist. Ext. Supv., 1·1·55 to 12·31·58 Home Ee. Prog.; RetiredRuth J. PeckAssoc. Dist. Ext. Supv., 10·1·55 to 11-30·56 Home Ee. Prog.Disc. Ext. Supv., 12·1·56 to 8·16·59 Trans. to State Prog. StaffEdna SommerfeldAssoc. Dist. Ext. Supv., 1·1·55 to 11·30·56 Home Ec. Prog.; N. Dist.Dist. Ext. Supv., 12·1·56 to 1·15·59 Home Ee. Prog.Margaret C. BrowneAct. Assoc. Disr. Supv., 10·1·55 to 11·30·56 Home Ee. Prog.; E. Dist.Dist. Ext. Supv., 12·1·56 to 1·31·57 Study LeaveFlorence G. RannDist, Ext. Supv., 4·1·57 to 8·16·59 Home Ee. Prog; Trans. to State

Prog. StaffIrene Mae OttReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to date Also Prog. Ldr., FLEArvella G. CurtisReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to date Also Prog. Ldr., FLEJudith L. PlaceReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to 11·30·75 UP.; Also Prog. Ldr., 4-HFrank J. MolinareAsst. Field Oper, Dir., 6·1·67 to 6·30·74 UP.; Also Reg. Dir., Cant. Ed.Reg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to 9·8·77 Also Reg. Dir., Cant. Ed.; DeceasedMarvin M. PrestonReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to 11·30·75 Trans. to InghamJ. Ray GillespieReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to 12·31·76 Also Prog. Ldr., 4·H; Trans. to

State 4·H StaffJuan MarinezReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to date Also Ldr., Aff. Action Prog.Fred C. SackriderReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to date E.e. Dist.

John B. HodgeReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·74 to date N. Disr.

Jerry HalmReg. Ext. Supv., 7·1·77 to date S.E. Dist.Ray B. GummersonReg. Ext. Supv., 12·1·77 to date U.P.; Also Reg. tn«, Cont. Ed.

Daniel W. SturtDist. Ext. Dir., 1·1·57 to 6-16·60 UP.Irving R. WyethAsst. Dist. Ext. Dir., 3·1·57 to 2·1·61Jack Calvin FerverAssoc. Dtse, Supv., 7·1·56 to 6·30·58Asst. Dist. Ext. Dir., 7·1·58 to 9·15·59

9·16-59 to 9·14·61 Study LealieRaymond R. RantaDist. Ext. Supv., 4-H, 1·1·56 to 9·15·58 E. Dist.

9·16-58 to 6·19·60 Study LeaveDist. Ext. Dir., 1·1-60 to 7·15·62 E. Cent. Dist.

UP.

U.P., 4·H Prog.UP.

Maurice L. HillAssoc. Dist. Supv., 7·1·54 to 1·31·56 4·H Prog.Dist. Ext. Supv., 2-1·56 to 7·17·59 4·H Prog.O. Uel BlankAsst. Dist. Ext. Dir., 2·15·61 to 8-31·61 UP.Dist. Ext. Dir., 9·1-61 to 8·31·62 U.P.Fred J. PeabodyDist. Ext. Dir., 2·1-62 to 9·30·65 N. W. oi«

10·1-65to 9·30·67 Study LeaveAlbert S. MoweryDist. Ext. Dir., 8·15-62 to 9·30·65 UP.Asst. Field Oper. Dir., 10·1·65 to 5·15·66 Also Cont. Ed.George E. ParsonsDist. Ext. Dir., 9·1·62 to 9·30·65 E. Cent. tu«Asst. Field Oper. Dir., 10-1·65 to 6·30·74Frank A. MadaskiAsst. Field Oper. Dir., 7·1·66 to 6·30·72Act. Dir. Field Oper., 7·1·72 to 6·30·74Reg. Ext. Supv., 7-1·74 to date

Dorothy Erler (Blank)Act. Assoc. Dist. Supv., 2·19·55 to 10·1·55 Home Ec. Prog.; UP.

Agriculture-Marketing ProgramsEben MumfordState Ag. Agt. Ldr., 10·2·12 to 6·30·21 DeceasedCharles B. CookAsst. State Ag. Agr. Ldr., 3·1·16 to 2·28·18Earl P. RobinsonAsst. State Ag. Agr. Ldr., 9·1·17 to 12·31·18Harry B. BlandfordAsst. State Ag. Agt. Ldr., 9·1·17 to 6·30·20Frank SandhammerAsst. State Ag, Agt. Ldr., 1·21·19 to 3·15·20James W. WestonAsst. State Ag, Agt. Ldr., 9·1·17 to 3·31·22 UP.Roswell G. CarrAsst. State Ag, Agt. Ldr., 12·1·21 to 4·30·34Asst. State Ag, Agr. Ldr., 5·1·34 to 6·30·45 Dir., Fann Sec. Adm.;

RetiredHale TennantState Ag. Agr. Ldr., 9·30-21 to 6·30·24Clinton V. BallardAsst. State Ag. Agt, Ldr., 12·1·21 to 9·18·33State Ag. Agt, Ldr., 9·19·33 to 8·31·46 Trans. to CES Adm.Edward G. AmosAsst. State Ag. Agt, Ldr., 11·16-22to 3·31·29

Jamie G. Wells, Jr.Asst. State Ag. Agt, Ldr., 4·16·29 to 3·31·47 Asst. for UP.Roy DeckerAsst. State Ag. Agt, Ldr., 4·1·39 to 6·30·41 Trans. to CES Adm.Bernard D. KuhnAsst. State Ag. Agt, Ldr., 8·1·41 to 3·31·47State Ag. Ext. Ldr., 7·1-48 to 8·15·54State Ag, Ext. Ldr., 8-16·54 to 8·15·56 Lealie, Okinawa Mission;

Trans. to CES Adm.Richard W. BellState Ldr., Twp. Agt. Proj., 4·1·53 to 6·30·54Asst. Ext. Dir., Ag. Prog., 7·1·54 to 7·31·73 RetiredDenio A. CaulProg. Ldr., Ag., 10·1·65 to 3·31·69 Trans. to CES Adm.Fred J. PeabodyProg. Ldr., Ag., 10·1·67 to 3·1·69 Trans. to CES Adm.John A. SpeicherProg. Dir., Ag.·Mkt., 5·15·74 to 6·30·76 Trans. to Dairy Dept.Mitchell R. GeaslerProg. Dir., Ag.·Mkt., 11·1·76 to 2·28·77Asst. Ext. Dir., Ag-Mkt., 3·17·77 to dateGeorge T. Stach wickAssoc. Prog. Dir., Ag.·Mkt., 5·1·75 to dateThomas L. ThorburnProg. Ldr., Ag.-Mkr., 2·1·78 to date

237

Page 248: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

District Farm Management Agents

SOUTHEAST

Wilbur A. DexterDFMA, 4-1-63 to 9-30-68Kenneth A. SwansonDFMA, 4-1-63 to 8-31-78 RetiredNorman H. BlessDFMA, 11-1-68 to 12-31-75 Trans. to LenaweeJames H. SchoonaertDFMA, 10-1-78 to date

SOUTHWEST

Clare M. MusgroveDFMA, 5-1-63 to 6-30-66W. Conard SearchDFMA, 10-1-66 to date

EAST

Russell N. HowesDFMA, 5-1-63 to 2-28-69 Trans. to ArenacEllsworth NethertonDFMA, 5-1-63 to 12-31-67 Trans. to HillsdaleDonald HearlDFMA, 2-1-68 to 6-30-73 RetiredArchibald R. JohnsonDFMA, 4-20-73 to 1-31-80 RetiredRaymond E. VasoldDFMA, 3-1-76 to 4-30-77 RetiredWilliam J. HamiltonDFMA, 7-15-76 to dateKenneth KemstockDFMA, 1-1-79 to date

NORTH

James L. MyersDFMA, 6-30-63 to dateGlen KoleDFMA, 2-1-79 to date

UPPER PENINSULA

Phillip GreenburgDFMA, 9-1-77 to date

District AgriculturelHorticulture AgentsCounty-Headquarters OfficeSOUTHEAST

Russell T. DelpDHA, 8-15-46 to 12-31-48Gurdon K. DennisDHA, 10-1-65 to 6-30-75DHMA, 7-1-75 to date

Wayne

WayneWayne

Agricultural Marketing UtilizationRobert C. KramerCoord., Ext. Mkt. Prog., 7-1-54 to 4-30-60Asst. Ext. Dir., Mkt. Prog., 5-1-60 to 10-31-65Miriam J. KelleyAsst. State Home Ec. Ldr., 7-1-54 to 1-31-59 Ldr., Consumer Mkt. Prog.;

Trans. to FLE Prog.Susan G. LakeConsumer Mkt. Spec., 10-1-54 to 12-31-55 Trans. to V.P.Marie J. FerreeConsumer Mkt. Spec., 1-1-55 to 7-31-57 Trans. to Foods/Nutr.

238

Karl D. BaileyDHA, 3-1-49 to 1-31-60 OaklandWayne B. SiefertDHA, 3-1-62 to 10-31-64 Oakland; RetiredMax E. AustinDHA, 12-7-64 to 9-30-65 OaklandJames E. LincolnDHA, 10-1-65 to 7-15-73 OaklandWilliam F. MuUerDHA, 5-1-74 to 6-30-75 MacombDHMA, 7-1-75 to date

WEST

Frank E. KlackleDHA, 10-1-65 to 6-30-75 KentDHMA, 7-1-75 to date KentWilliam J. MacleanDHA, 5-1-64 to 6-30-75 OceanaDHMA, 7-1-75 to 2-29-80 Oceana; Retired

NORTHWEST

Carl H. HemstreetDHA, 12-1-46 to 10-18-51 Grand Traverse: DeceasedClarence C. MullettDHA, 1-15-52 to 6-30-64 RetiredGeorge A. McManus, Jr.DHA, 7-1-64 to 6-30-65 Trans. to CED, GTand TraverseCharles D. KesnerDHA, 7-1-65 to 6-30-75 Grand TraverseDHMA, 7-1-75 to date Grand Traverse

SOUTHWEST

Theodore StebbinsDHA, 7-1-46 to 1-31-47 BerrienJerry H. MandigoDHA, 3-1-48 to 4-17-60 Berrien; DeceasedW. Stewart CarpenterDHA, 1-1-61 to 11-30-71 Van BurenWilliam W. ThompsonDAA, 4-15-65 to 2-26-73 Pesticide Ed., Allegan; DeceasedJordan B. TatterDHA, 5-1-72 to 6-30-75 Van BurenDHMA, 7-1-75 to 12-15-75 Van BUTenTheodore M. ThomasDHMA, 5-1-76 to date Van BurenRobert J. Van KlompenbergDHMA, 3-1-73 to date Ottawa

UPPER PENINSULA

Floyd W. HicksDEA, 9-16-54 to 12-31-57 Hart/Poultry

(Marketing combined with Agriculture March 1, 1974)

Mary Strickland (Holmes)Consumer Mkt. Spec., 9-16-58 to 4-30-62M. Charline HatchettConsumer Mkt. Spec., 1-1-67 to 1-14-72Sheila MorleyConsumer Mkt. Spec., 7-1-72 to 10-1-78 DeceasedGeorge T. StachwickConsumer Mkt. Spec., 1-1-61 to 6-30-66Prog. Dir., Mkt., 7-1-66 to 4-30-74 Trans. to FLE Prog.

Page 249: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

District Marketing Agents

SOUTHEASTForrest O. StrandDMA, 6-1·58 to 11·30·59 WayneDon L. HineDMA, 5·1·60 to 5·31-68 WayneRonald L. BeechDMA, 1·20·70 to 4·17·75 Trans. to Midland

George K. DikeDMA (livestock), 6·1·55 to 9·30·57 Lenawee

Russell F. McDonaldDMA (livestock), 9·1·60 to 7·31·62 LenaweeWillard L. McleodDMA (livestock), 3·20·64 to 4·30·66 Lenawee

John K. TrockeDMA (livestock), 4·1·76 to 9·2·78 Washtenaw; Deceased

EASTJohn K. BrayDMA, 6·1·56 to 8·31·58 Oakland

Hans H. HaugardDMA, 8·1·57 to 12·31·58 Li"ingston

Quentin OstranderDMA (Potatoes), 1·1·59 to 6·30·76 Bay; Retired

SOUTHWESTRuford F. BittnerDMA, 7·1·54 to 10·24·60 Berrien; Deceased

Glen G. AntleDMA (Fruits/Vegetables), 6·1-61 to date Berrien

WESTGeorge T. StachwickDMA (Potatoes), 2·1·57 to 8·31·59 Ottawa

John K. TrockeDMA, 8·1-60 to 3·31·76 Ottawa, Trans. to S.E.

Carl C. HoytDMA (Poultry), 7-15·59 to 6·30·75 Ottawa

Norman J. BrownDMA (Apples), 9-1·73 to 4·30·76 Ottawa, Trans. to Saginaw

NORTHGeorge A. McManus, Jr.DMA (Fruit), 11·1·56 to 6·30·64Robert S. LincolnDMA, 7·1-55 to 12·31·55Joe HarringtonDMA (Potatoes), 3·1·56 to 7·31·57John BrayDMA, 9·1·58 to 7·31·59Orville F. WalkerDMA (Potatoes), 11·15·19 to 7·31·64

Consumer Marketing InformationLANSINGSusan G. LakeCMl Agr., 10·1·54 to 12·31·55 Trans. to u.P.

Jean E. GilliesCM! Agr., 8·15·57 to 12-31·58Doris E. WettersCM! Agr., 1·1·59 to 12·31·62Eileen Bell (Stover)CM! Agt., 2·1·63 to 1·31·68Sharon Van DyneCM! Agt., 5·18·70 to 4·15·77

DETROITJosephine H. LawyerCM! Agr., 7·1·54 to 12·31·55 Trans. to PontiacMarjorie G. GibbsCM! Agt., 8·1·54 to 12·31·67Forrest D. StrandCM! Agt., 7·1·56 to 5·31·58 Trans. to Mkt. Agt.Hildegarde HesseCM! Agr., 3·25·68 to 5·16·69Arleen H. ArnoldCMI Agt., 7·1·69 to date

PONTIACJosephine H. LawyerCM! Agt., 1·1·56 to 7·31·66

MT. PLEASANTMargaret DoughtyCM! Agr., 12·1·62 to 7·15·69 N.E. Mich.

SAGINAWNancy G. BartlettCM! Agt., 8·16·54 to 2·29·56Eleanor R. GiffordCM! Agr., 1·16·56 to 2·15·58Margaret DoughtyCM! Agt., 8·1·58 to 6·30·62 Trans. to Mt. Pleasant

Sheila MorleyCM! Agt., 2·15·63 to 6·30·72 Trans. to State Mkt. Prog.Mary E. DouglasCM! Agt., 11·1·72 to 8·31·73Janet M. JacobsonCM! Agt., 2·1·74 to 6·30·79

FLINTMarian N. KottkeCM! Agr., 7·1·54 to 9·15·56Catherine H. LoweCM! Agr., 11·1·56 to 3·31·58Martha E. KohlCM! Agt., 2·1·58 to 12·31·58Lsvle HuttonCM! Agt., 2·1·59 to 12·2·72 DeceasedStephanie Gruber {Donovan)CM! Agr., 2·1·74 to 2·29·76

KALAMAZOOJane Kay BreckenridgeCM! Agr., 7·1·54 to 6·30·55Mary StricklandCM! Agr., 6·5·55 to 12·31·55 Trans. to State Mkt. Prog.Maryann Meldrum (Beckman)CM! Agt., 12·1·55 to date

239

Page 250: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

GRAND RAPIDSVu,pnia Helt (Eben)CMl Agt., 8-16-54 to 12·31-61Sharon L HallCMl Age., 10·2-62 to 11·30-65Adabelle ShinabargerCMl Agt., 10-15-67to date

MUSKEGONHarriet M. LundbergCMl Agr., 7·1·56 to 4·30·58

TRAVERSE CITYRuth HunsbergerCMl Agt., 7·1·54 to 9·15-62

MARQUETTEIngrid BartelliCMl Agr., 7·1·54 to 6-30·74 Retired10·1·74 to 6-30·75 ReappointmefIC

Resource Development, NaturalResources and Public Policy

William J. KimballProg. Ldr., Community Res. Dev., 7·1·59 to 7·14-63 Joint Appt.,

Dept. Res. Del!.Duane GibsonAsst. Ext. Dir., Community Res. Dev., 7·15-63 to 9·30-65 Joint

Appt., Cont. Ed.Einer G. OlstromExt. Prog. Ldr., Nat. Res., 10-1-65to 3·31-69Ext. Prog. Oir., Res. Dev., 4·1-69 to 3·31·74Ext.. Prog. Dir., NRPP, 4·1·74 to 2·28-77Asst. Ext. Dir., NRPP, 3·1·77 to 6-30·77 RetiredAdger B. CarrollAsst. Ext. Dir., NRPP, 9·15·77 to dateJohn KornackiProg. Ldr., NRPP, 7·1·79 to date

District Extension Agents - Resource Development

John B. HodgeDEA-CRD, 1·1-61 to 9·30-65 N. Mich., EmmetDENRA, 10-1-65to 3·31-69DEL·RD, 4·1-69 to 6-30·74 Trans. to Reg. Supt!.Richard C. LouDEA-CRD, 1·1-62 to 8-31-62 Thumb; Trans. to InghamGlen SommerfeldtDEA-CRD, 1·1-62 to 8-31-64 w. Mich.Charles R. KaufmanDEA-CRD, 10-1-62to 9·30-64 S.E. Mich.; Leave, Nigeria Proj.DENRA, 7·1-66 to 3·31-69 State, At·largeDEL·RD, 4·1-69 to 6-30·74 At·large; Retired

Eugene F. DiceDEA-CRD, 1·1-65 to 2·28-67 S.E. Mich.; Trans. to Dept. Res. Deo.Ray B. GummenonDEA-CRD, 4·1-65 to 6-30-66 V.P.; Joint Appt.DENRA, 7·1-66 to 3·31-69DEL·RD, 4·1-69 to 11·30-77 Trans. to Reg. Supt!.Boyd C. WigginsDENRA, 9·1-67 to 3·31-69 S.W. Mich.DEL·RD, 4·1-69 to dateJames E. NealDENRA, 10-1-67to 3·31-69 S.E. Mich.DEL·RD, 4·1-69 to 12·31·78Dean R. RhoadsDEL·RD, 4·1·75 to date N. Mich.Thomas R. QuinnDEL·RD, 7·1·78 to date V.P.Helen C. WillisDEL-RD, 12·1·79 to date S.E. Mich.Elizabeth B. MoweryOCRDA, 9·1·71 to 10·31·71 Trans. to Res. Dee.Lynn R. HarveyEMPA, 9·1·71 to 9·30·74 Thumb; Manpower Prog.George T. MansellEMPA, 9·15·71 to 1·31·75 W. Mich.; Manpower Prog.Roy SpanglerEMPA, 1·1·73 to 9·30-74 Clare, Gladwin; Trans. to Shiawassee;

Manpower Prog.R. Thomas MartinDEA, 1·1·72 to 12·31·73 Jackson, Hillsdale, Lenawee; Pub. AffairsDavid D. OlsonDEA, Forestry, 7·1·76 to date V.P.James D. HumphreyaDMNA, 5·1·78 to date Sea Grant Proj.

Home Demonstration Work -Home Economics - Family LivingEducationPaulina E. RavenState Home Dem. Ldr., 9·1·14 to 6-30·17Margaret M. JustineAsst. Home Dem. Ldr., 9·1·15 to 8-31·16Asst. Home Dem, Ldr., 9·1·16 to 8-31·18 V.P.Edna V. SmithState Home Ec. Ldr., 9·1·16 to 6-30-17Act. Home Ec. Ldr., 10-1·19 to 11·30-20Asst. Home Ec. Ldr., 7·1·25 to 5·30·29Act. Home Ec. Ldr., 6-1·30 to 10-18-30State Home Dem. Ldr., 10·18·30 to 6-30-44 Retired

May M. PenonState Home Ec. Ldr., 9·1·17 to 9·30·19Coral R. HavensAsst. Home Dem. Ldr., 11·1·17 to 7·30-21Elva R. DavisAsst. Home Dem, Ldr., 2·1·18 to 6-30·19Osee HughesAsst. Home Dem. Ldr., 5·23·18 to 6-30·18ZeDa BigelowAsst. Home Dem. Ldr., 7·1·18 to 8-31·18Aurelia B. PottlAsst. Home Dem. Ldr., 9·9·18 to 2·28-22Louise (Hathaway) CampbellState Home Dem, Ldr., 12·1·20 to 8-30·30 Deceased

240

Page 251: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Ida Mary SichlerAsst. Home Dern. Ldr., 9·15·22 to 6·30·24 UP.Adele KochAsst. Home Dem, Ldr., 11·1·22 to 5·15·24Julia E. BrekkeAsst. Home Dern, Ldr., 7·1·24 to 10·15·27Jennie B. (Woodworth) WellsAsst. Home Dern. Ldr., 7·1·24 to 7·31·26 UP.Margaret B. HarrisAsst. Home Dern. Ldr., 4·1·26 to 3·31·36 UP.Asst. Home Dem. Ldr., 4·1·36 to 9·25·49Act. State Home Dem, Ldr., 9·26-49 to 8·31·50Asst. Home Oem. Ldr., 9·1·50 to 12·31·54 Trans. to Ext. Supv.

Rosalind M. JewettHome Ec. Spec., 9·1·27 to 8·27·29Act. Home Oem. Ldr., 8·28·29 to 8·31·30Helen A. StrowAsst. Home Dern, Ldr., 4·1·36 to 10·31-42 UP.Helen I. NoyesAsst. Home Dern, Ldr., 11·1·42 to 1·23·46 UP.Rachel MarkwellState Home Oem. Ldr., 7·1·44 to 9·30·49Opal M. RobersonState Home Dem. Ldr., 6·15·46 to 12·31·46 UP.Elizabeth RonigerState Home Dern. Ldr., 2·1-47 to 12·31·49Ruth J. PeckState Home Dem. Ldr., 9·1·48 to 9·30·55 Trans. to Ext. Supt!.Prog. Ldr., FLE, 8·17·59 to 10·31·66 RetiredLeona (DeYoung) MacleodState Home Dem, Ldr., 9·1·50 to 1·31·59 RetiredBeatrice Frangquist (Leonardson)Asst. State Home Dem. Ldr., 7·1·50 to 11·21·56Mary L. JonesAsst. State Home Dern. Ldr., 8·16·53 to 10·31·53Velma G. HustonAsst. State Home Dern. Ldr., 10·1·54 to 6·30·58 UP.Edna SommerfeldAsst. State Home Dern. Ldr., 10·1·54 to 12·31·54 Trans. to

Ext. Supt!.

Miriam J. KelleyAsst. Ext. Dir., FLE, 2·1·59 to 1·14·65 Leave; MSU Nigeria Proj.

1·15-65to 7·15·67 Retired

Marjorie EastmanAdm. Assr., Home Ec., 7·1·55 to 6·30·61 Retired

Florence G. RannProg. Ldr., 8·17·59 to 11·30·61Ruth E. GouldDist. Ext. Spec., 8·1·58 to 4·30·63 UP.Marion E. HermanceDist. Prog, Spec., 3·1·59 to JZ·31·62 UP.L. Gertrude NygrenAsst. State Prog. Ldr., 8·15·61 to 8·31·65 Trans. to Human Ecology

Margaret (Iacobson) BubolzDisr. Prog. Ldr., 8-15·63 to 8·31·65 U.P.; Trans. to Human Ecology

Loa (Davis) WhitfieldLdr., Spec. Prog., 5·1·64 to 2·28·65 U.P.Asst. Ext. Dir., Home Ec., 3·1·65 to 9·30·65Asst. Ext. Dir., FLE, 10·1·65 to 12·24·67 Deceased

Anne J. KinselProg. Ldr., FLE, 9·1·65 to 3·30·70

Carroll H. WamhoffCoord., ENP, 2·1-69 to 8·31·69 Trans. to State 4·H Staff

Betty M. KetchamProg. Ldr., FLE, 10·1·65 to 7·31·69 Trans. to EFNEPProg. Ldr., FLE/EFNEP, 8·1·69 to 3·31·78 RetiredDoris E. WetrersProg. Ldr., Home Ec., 1·1·63 to 9·15·65Prog. Ldr., Home Ec., 9·16·65 to 9·15·67 Study leaveProg. Dir., FLE, 5·1·75 to 2-28·77 ReappointmentAsst. Ext. Dir., FLE, 3·1·77 to dateE. Pearl WinterfeldtProg. Ldr., FLE, 1·14·67 to 8·31·69Lois H. HumphreyProg. Dtr., FLE, 3·15·68 to 4·30·74Alice E. EppleProg. Ldr., FLE/EFNEP, 12·15·68 to 7·15·69Arvella L. CurtisProg. Ldr., FLE, 9·1·69 to 6·30·74 Trans. to Ext. Supo,Gail L. ImigProg. Ldr., FLE, 6·1·70 to 9·30·76Jerry A. HalmProg. Coord., EFNEP, 9·1·70 to 7·31·77 Trans. to Ext. Sut»:

Irene M. 011

Prog. Ldr., FLE, 3·1·72 to 6·30·74 Trans. to Ext. Supt!.

David G. WaiteProg. Ldr., Trainer, EFNEP, 8·1·72 to 9·30·72George T. StachwiekAct. Prog. Dir., FLE, 5·1·74 to 4·30·75 Trans. to Ag.·Mkt.

Sandra S. ClarksonProg. Ldr., FLE, 10·1·75 to dateSusan G. SchramProg. Ldrr., FLE, 9·15·76 to datePhyllis L. CooperExt. Assoc., FLE, 10·1·76 to 5·31·77Wilma S. MillerProg. Ldr., FLE, 12·15·76 to dateMary L. AndrewsProg. Eval. Spec., FLE, 9·1·77 to dateSharon L. AndersonLdr., Urban Prog., FLE, 10·1·77 to 9·30·78 Joint Appt. w14·H

Linda NiermanAssoc. Prog. Dir., FLE, State Ldr., EFNEP, 1·1·78 to dateJoan E. WillerProg. Coord., FLE, 9·1·78 to 9·30·79Prog. Ldr., FLE, 10·1·79 to dateElizabeth MoorePublic Affairs Prog. Spec., 5·1·79 to date

Jessie M. DeBothAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 9·1·17 to 6·30·23Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1·18 to 6·30·18Barbara Van HeulenAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 10·1·17 to 6·30·23Emil C. VoltzSpec., Garden Clubs, 1·25·18 to 6·30·18 UP.Elda I. RobbAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 2·1·18 to 12·31·23

4..H Youth ProgramsEduard C. LindemannState 4·H Club Ldr., 10·1·14 to 9·30·18Anna Bryant CowlesAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 9·1·15 to 8·31·19Chester A. SpauldingAsst. 4·H Club Leader, 7·1·16 to 9·30·18R. N. KeblerAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1·16 to 10·31·18 UP.

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Arne G. KettunenSpec., Poultry Clubs, 11·1·17 to 6-30-18Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 12·16-18 to 1·20·25State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·20-25 to 6-30-56 RetiredRay A. TurnerState 4·H Club Ldr., 10-1·18 to 6-30·24 Trans. to Fed. Ext. Sere,Margaret HuttvAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 3·1·18 to 2·28-21William A. AndersonAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 6·10·19 to 12·31·20Eva DuthieAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 6-1·18 to 12·31·18Nathalia A. VasoldAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 3·1·21 to 10·1·21Ruth Cresswell KettunenAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 2·1·22 to 7·31·25Nevels PearsonAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 3·1·22 to 4·30-42Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 5·1-42 to 4·30-46 Military leaveAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 5·1-46 to 6-30·57 RetiredHarriet Wilder ShaverAsst. 4·H Club Ldr, 7·1·23 to 6·30-27Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 6-15·29 to 8-31·29Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 11·1·30 to 6-30·31Sylva WixsonAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 2·1·24 to 12·31·35Per G. LundinAsst. 4·H Ldr., 7·1·25 to 6-30-56 RetiredEmma D. DuBordAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1·25 to 8-31·29Mary Hall BurkhartAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 4·1·26 to 6-15·26Merton L. WrightAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 4·15·25 to 5·15·28Ruth Featherly SchubertAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1·26 to 12·31·28Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 4·22·29 to 5·11·29Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 10·1·29 to 12·15·29 U.P.Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 10-1-40 to 9·30-41Lola Belle GreenAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1·27 to 6-30-37Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1·37 to 8-31·37 LeaveAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 9·1·37 to 9·16-45Gertrude Maynard GageAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 4·1·28 to 6-15·29Clare A. RoodAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 5·10·28 to 5·31-42 U.P.Gustavus A. ThorpeAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1·28 to 11·15·35Lois M. Corbett RichardsonAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 6-1·29 to 9·30·37Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 10·1·37 to 6-18-38 Study leaveAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 6-19·38 to 12·31-41Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1-42 to 4·30-43 Study leaveAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 5·1-43 to 4·30-45Olga R. BirdAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 9·16-30 to 12·31·35 u.P.Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1·36 to 1·31·37Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 2·1·37 to 10-8-44 Leave, Defense CouncilAlice O. BatesAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1·36 to 6-30-40Cecil H. NickleSpec., Rural Dramatics, 7·1·34 to 8-31·34Spec., Rural Dramatics, 8-1·35 to 9·30·35Spec., Rural Dramatics, 7·1·36 to 9·12·364·H Recreation Spec., 7·1·37 to 9·11·374·H Recreation Spec., 8-1·38 to 9·17·384·H Recreation Spec., 6-26-39 to 9·15·394·H Recreation Spec., 7·27-40 to 9·16-404·H Recreation Spec., 8-1-41 to 9·15-41

242

Beatrice C. BoyleAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1·36 to 3·31-45Asst. State 4·H Cub Ldr., 4·1-45 to 3·31-46 Sick leave; RetiredMilbourne H. AveryAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1·35 to 12·31-45Marcella M. MeyerAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 2·1·36 to 11·15-42 U.P.Edna Brown BraamseAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 3·15·37 to 5·15·37Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 3·14·38 to 5·7·38Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 3·15·39 to 4·30-39Ralph MayAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1·39 to 9·30·39Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1-42 to 12·31-43Ruth L. SmithAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 3·16-40 to 4·30-40Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 6-22-40 to 6-30-40 Trans. to Wash., D.C.Orville F. Walk.erAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 6-1-42 to 12·14-46 U.P.;

Trans. to Co. StaffRobert J. LaserAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1-42 to 9·30-43 Trans to Co. StaffCorrine White (Ketchum)Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 11·1-42 to 8-11·53 RetiredEdith Johnson (Aviae)Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1-43 to 12·31-47Louie WebbAsst. State=l-H Club Ldr., 11·1-43 to 2·28-47 Trans. to Co. StaffLeonard S. KI_4·H Recreation Spec., 6-12-44 to 8-31-444·H Recreation Spec., 7·1-46 to 8-31-464·H Recreation Spec., 7·1-47 to 9·15-47Verne A. FreemanAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1-44 to 12·31·52Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1·53 to 1·31·55 Leave; RetiredVirginia M. GravesAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1-45 to 2·9-46Kenneth OusterhoutAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1-46 to 6-30·59 RetiredMay SontagAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 3·1-46 to 2·11-47Ada G. HoughAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 7·1-46 to 2·5-47Arden M. Peterson4·H Recreation Spec., 11·1-46 to 1·31·764·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 2·1-66 to 9·30·76 RetiredRuth (Haapala) DeRosa4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 1·20-47 to 10-15-49Benjamin Westrate4·H Youth Prog, Ldr., 3·1-47 to 3·31·56 U.P.Mary J. E. Woodward4·H Youth Prog, Ldr., 3·1-47 to 6-30·72 RetiredLeora Smith FayAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 10·1-47 to 7·31-49Dorothy Erler Blank.Asst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1·49 to 2·18-55 U.P.Marie A. WolfeAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 10·1-49 to 9·1-64 DeceasedAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 1·1·50 to 8·7·53M. Amalie Vasold4·H Youth Prog, Ldr., 6-16-54 to 8-31-69Maurice L. HillAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 3·1·53 to 6-30·54June Wilkinson (Tewa)Asst. 4·H Club Ldr., 8-1·53 to 11·16-60Raymond R. RantaAsst. 4·H Club Ldr., 3·1·54 to 6-30-60

Page 253: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Maxine HarrisAsst. State 4·H Ldr., 1·1·56 to 5·31·56 Acting

Russell G. MawbyAsst. Oir., Ext., 4·H Club Prog., 7·1·56 to 1·15·65

C. Dean AllenAsst. State 4·H Club Ldr., 12·1·56 to 10·31·63

Emil L. FimbingerDisr, 4·H Agr., 12·1·59 to 9·30·65 UP.; Trans. to Oakland

William E. Tedrick4·H Prog. Spec., 10·16·59 to 1·31·664·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 2·1·66 to 5·15·71

Ralph E. Kirch, Jr.,4·H Agt. At-large, 9·1·60 to 2·28·61

Joe T. Warerson4·H Prog. Spec., 1·1·61 to 1·31·664·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 2·1·66 to 6·30·69

Delwyn A. Dyer4·H Prog, Spec., 9·1·61 to 1·31·664·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 2·1·66 to 7·31·664·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 8·1·66 to 7·31·68 Leave, NigeriaDonald L. Stormer4·H Prog. Spec., 10·1·64 to 1·31·664·H Prog. Assr., 2·1·66 to 9·30·66Gordon L. BeckstrandAsst. Ext. Dir., 4·H Youth Prog., 2·20·65 to 9·30·72

Trans. to ANREI

Lennah K. BackusRes. Writer, 4·1·66 to 3·31·68 Temp. Appt., Retiree

Carroll H. Wamhoff4·H Youth Prog. Assr., 6·1·66 to 1·31·69 Trans to EFNEP4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 9·1·69 to 9·30·70 Trans. to CES Adm.

Lowell F. Rothert4·H Youth Prog. Assr., 10·1·66 to 5·18·694·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 5·19·69 to dateJ. Ray Gillespie4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 9·16·66 to 12·31·76Assoc. State Prog. Dir., 1·1·77 to 2·28·79 Trans. to CES Adm.

Melvin J. Thompson4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 11·1·66 to 10·15·68

Sigifredo L. (Fred) Cavazos4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 9·1·71 to 12·31·71 Affirm. Action Prog.

B. Alan Snider4·H Youth Prog, Ldr., 9·16·71 to 8·14·74

John H. Worthington4·H Prog. Techn., 12·1·71 to dateCharles L. Lang4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 1·1·72 to 8·17·75

Marvin M. Preston4·H Youth Prog, Ldr., 3·1·72 to 6·30·74 Trans. to CES Adm.

Dixie Lee Hesler4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 11·1·72 to 1·31·74

Norman A. Brown4·H Youth Prog. Oir., 11·1·72 to 2·28·77Asst. Dir. Exr., 4·H Youth Prog., 3·1·77 to dateEvelyn H. Machtel4·H Youth Assoc. in Arts, 2·1·73 to 6·30·78

Judith L. PlaceDist, 4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 3·15·73 to 6·30·74 UP. (Marquette);

Also Reg. Sup».4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 12·1·75 to date UP.

John F. LopezExt. Asst., 4·H Youth, 4·1·73 to 2-4·75

Mary Ann JohnsonExt. Assr., 4·H Youth, 5·1·73 to 11·31·76Ext. Assoc., 4·H Youth, 12·1·76 to 12·31·79

Walter D. MerryExt. Assr., 4·H Youth, 6·18·73 to 3·31·75

Leah G. Hoopfer4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 12·15·74 to dateA. Colleen SeeleyCoord., 4·H Bicentennial, 9·22·75 to 7·22·76

Retha M. HankeyExt. Assoc., 4·H Youth, 1·20·75 to 10-4·76

Ralph Abbott4·H Youth Prog. Spec., 5·16·77 to 5·15·78

Joint Appt. wlMSU Ctr. Urban Affairs

Michael J. Tate4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 6·1·76 to 3·31·79Assoc. State Prog. Dir., 4·1·79 to dateClaudia C. ArnoldExt. Assoc., 4·H Youth, 11·12·76 to dateDonald R. Iost4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 2·1·77 to date Dir., Mich. 4·H Foundation

Diana M. Seim4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 11·1·77 to date Im'1. Prog.

Richard W. Hill4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 11·1·77 to 9·30·79 Retired

John R. Aylsworth4·H Youth Prog, Ldr., 12·1·77 to dateEllen Arvilla4·H Prog. Ldr., 8·6·79 to date Handicapper Prog.

Charles Bieszka4·H Youth Prog. Asst., 9·1·78 to 10·23·79

Bonita Neff4·H Youth Prog. Spec., 1·15·78 to dateRhonda Walker-Buckingham4·H Youth Prog. Ldr., 10·1·79 to date

Staff DevelopmentEben MumfordExt. Lecturer, 7·1·21 to 6·30·24 Part·time

Jennie BuellConr, Ed. Spec., 10·1·25 to 6·30·26Leon L. DrakeCollege Ext. Spec., 1·1·25 to 7·15·30

Willard C. CribbsCollege Ext. Spec., 5·20·26 to 11·30·28

William F. JohnstonState Discussion Ldr., 1·1·36 to 6·30·38

Adult EducationJ. Donald PhillipsAdult Ed. Spec., 7·1·45 to 4·18·46 Trans. to CES Adm.

Lloyd EberlyArea Consultant, 7·8·45 to 2·18·46

Charles P. WhellerArea Consultant, 3·1·46 to 6·30·46

Lucius Dale FaunceField Consultant, 4·1·46 to 6·30·47

Ruth Esther AnsonFamily & Youth Counselor, 7·1-46 to 6·30·48

Richard MarcusField Consultant, 9·22·47 to 6· 30·48

Louise H. CarpenterSpec. Servo Consultant, 1·1·48 to 6·30·48

Laurence J. TaylorConsultant, 2·16-48 to 6·30-48

(Unit Transferred to Continuing Education 7·1·48)

243

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Extension Teaching Field StudiesJohn T. StoneExt. Training Spec., 9-16-49 to 6-30·53Dir. Spec. Prog., 7-1·53 to 6-30·55Staff Training Officer, 7·1·55 to 10·17·57 TTans. to IEPD

Institute for ExtensionPersonnel Development(Established 1()"18-57)

John T. StoneStaff Training Officer, 10-18-57to 8-31·59George H. AxinnStaff Training Ldr., 9·1·59 to 2·28-61 Also Assoc.CES DiT.;

Trans, to MSU Nigeria Proj.Jack C. FerverExt. Training Ldr., 6-15-61 to 1·18-63 Lealie, MSU Taiwan PTOj.Ext. Training Ldr., 1·19-63 to 9·10-64Mason E. MillerDir., lEPD, 12·1-61 to 11-18·71 Trans. to ANREICarl J. CouchCommunity Res. Spec., 9-1-62 to 8·31-65

Information ServicesEarl R. TrangmarAg. Editor, 4·1·17 to 4-1·19James B. HasselmanAg. Editor, 7·1·19 to 6-30-33James B. HaskinsRural Press Editor, 7·1-22 to 7·15-24Len W. FeighnerRural Press Editor, 7·15·24 to 12·31·28John S. CrossmanAsst. Ag. Editor, 10·1·25 to 3·31-26A. J. PatchAsst. Ag. Editor, 8-1-26 to 12·31-35Keith HimebaughPublicity Spec., 7-1-27 to 9-30·27Radio Spec., 7·1·28 to 6-30·34Bernard R. ProulxAsst. Editor, 7·1·28 to 9·30·28Herbert A. WoodRural Press Editor, 1·1·29 to 2·28-31James H. PrattPhotographer, 7·1·29 to 6-30-32Joseph A. SturgeonRural Press Editor, 3-1-31 to 2·29-32Elton R. EatonRural Press Editor, 3·1·32 to 2·28-33Albert A. ApplegateAg. Editor, 1·1-36 to 6-30-44Everett B. SwingleAsst. Ext. Editor, 1·27·36 to 7·15-44Joseph G. DuncanAsst. Bulletin Editor, 2·24·36 to 7·31·50Lauren P. BrownAsst. Ext. Editor, 7·1·31 to 6-30·37Lyle D. BarnhartRadio Spec., 9·1·39 to 8-30-42Lloyd H. GeUEditor, Dept. of Pub., 7·1-43 to 6-30-44Dept. Head, Public Relations, 7-1-44 to 2·28-46

244

Pat J. LaFlameEd. Media Spec., 9·1-66 to 11-18-71 TTans. to ANREI(project title changed to ANREI 11-18-71)

Agriculture and Natural ResourcesEducation Institute(Established 11-19-71)

Carroll H. WamhoffAct. Dir., 11·19·71 to 10·31·72Dir., 11·1-72 to dateMason E. MillerCommunication Spec., 11·19-71 to 8-31·75Patricia J. LaFiameEd. Media Spec., 11·19·71 to dateGordon L BeclutrandEd. Systems Spec., 10·1-72 to 7·31·73Maxine M. FerrisStaff Dev. Spec., 4·1·76 to date

W. Lowell TreasterExt. Editor, 8·1-44 to 2-28-46Dept. Head, Public Relations, 3·1-46 to 6·30-48 Trans, to Info. Sev.Dir., Info. Serv., 7·1-48 to 6-30-53 Trsns. to Dept. of Info. Sere,

Norman KunkelSupv., Bulletin Disrrib., 11·1-45 to 6-30·58Earl C. RichardaonExt. Editor, 3·1-46 to 1·31-62Info. Spec., 2·1-62 to 6-14·70 DeceasedRuth Baa (Christian)Info. Asst., 7·1-46 to 12-31·50WUbur M. NelsonVisual Aids Spec., 3-17-47 to 10-31·53 TTans. to MSU Photo Lab.Owen F. GliasendorfInfo. Spec., 7·1-49 to 5·31·51Earl K. BrighamExt. Bulletin Editor, 8-1·50 to 9-16-55John W. FitzgeraldAsst. Ext. Editor, 1·1·51 to 6·30·51Special Reports Editor, 9·13·54 to 3·13·55Wayne E. SwegleAsst. Ext. Editor, 7·1·51 to 9·19-52Lorabeth MooreAsst. Ext. Editor, 5·1·52 to 5·31·55NeU A. BallAg. Info. Asst., 8-11·52 to 3·31·53Asst. Ag. Editor, 4·1·53 to 10·15·54George H. AxinnExt. TV Editor, 2·1·53 to 6-30·55 TTans. to Ext. Adm.A. Cal OrrAsst. Ag. Editor, 4·1·53 to 10·31·56Neva GaU HillAsst. Ext. Editor, 7·1·53 to 9·15·54Margaret L. McKeegan (Whitehair)Ext. TV Editor, 12·1·53 to 10-8·58 Home Ec.Duane L NelsonVisual Aids Spec., 4·26-54 to 1-22-60Rosemary M. BlackburnInfo. Spec., 9-1·54 to 10-21·57Robert P. WorrallExt. TV Editor, 9·27·54 to 10·15-60

Page 255: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Jean C. EvansAg. Reports Writer, 3-14-55 to 1-31-59Ralph L. HamiltonAsst. Ag. Editor, 7-16-55 to 1-10-61Elwood C. ShafferExt. Pub. Editor, 10-1-56to 9-19-58H. Lee WilliamsAssoc. Prof., 7-15-56 to 8-31-56 Spec. Proj.George W. AlstadAsst. Ag, Editor, II-I-56 to 4-30-57Royal L. FraedrichAsst. Ext. Pub. Editor, 4-1-57 to 7-10-59Rosemary ThorntonInfo. Spec., 9-16-57 to 10-29-58 Home Ee.Lois N. KorslundExt. TV Editor, 9-16-58 to 12-15-60Donald E. GreggExt. Pub. Editor, 9-22-58 to dateDonald E. WellsInfo. Spec., 7-1-58 to 6-30-59Jean E. GilliesInfo. Spec., I-I-59 to 8-31-61 Home Ee. Prog.Hugh M. CulbertsonAsst. Pub. Editor, 9-15-59 to 2-28-63Howard L. MillerAsst. Ext. Editor, 9-15-59 to 12-31-61Editor, Ext.-Res. Info., 1-1-62to 3-30-68 Tram. to CES Adm.Robert A. JarnaginExt. Info. Spec., 4-1-60 to 8-31-61James A. HarrisonExt. TV Editor, 7-1-60 to 9-15-65 Also Visual AidsSharon Lee NeltonInfo. Spec., 9-18-61 to 4-15-65 Home Ec. Prog.Frank D. LessiterInfo. Spec., 7-1-62 to 7-15-65Kay Lee PetersonEditoria Asst., 1-15-63to 6-30-63 Rural Defense Prog.Ronald R. KarnsAsst. Pub. Editor, 3-1-63 to 3-31-65Judith Prochnow (Turk)Info. Spec., 7-1-65 to 11-14-72 Home Ec. Prog.Kenneth BusbyInfo. Spec., 8-16-65 to 2-29-68 Res. Dev. Prog.Paul J. CourterExt. Field Editor, 9-15-66 to 8-16-67Ronald L. GrowExt. TV Editor, 9-15-66 to 8-16-67Don A. ChristensenInfo. Spec., 3-15-68to 12-31-72 Mkt. Prog.Joseph J. MarksExt. Editor, 4-1-68 to 6-6-73 Info. Proj. Ldr.Kenneth M. FettigAsst. Pub. Editor, 4-1-68 to 7-31-70Assoc. Pub. Editor, 8-1-70 to dateFred D. TrostAsst. Ext. Editor, 4-10-68 to 10-15-68 Nat. Res. Prog.

James C. LutzkeAsst. Ext. Editor, 1-1-69to 11-14-75 Res. Dec. Prog.Roger H. BrownTV-Radio Editor, 1-15-69to dateDean C. BorkAsst. Ext. Editor, 2-1-69 to 8-31-71 4-H Youth Prog.Linda J. HowellAsst. Ext. Editor, 9-1-70 to 4-15-71 4-H Youth Prog.Mary A. TvszkiewiczAsst. Pub. Editor, 11-1-70to 8-11-74A. Colleen SeeleyAsst. Ext. Editor, 11-29-71to 9-4-74 4-H Youth Prog.Linda (Morningstar) ChristensenInfo. Spec., 9-5-72 to 11-14-76 Mkt. prog.Leslie McConkeyInfo. Spec., 5-1-73 to 5-31-74Editorial Asst., 7-1-74 to dateWaiter L. Patterson, Jr.Mgr., Ext-Res. lnfo., 11-25-73to 5-17-76Robert W. Neumann, Jr.Ext. Ag. Editor, 5-1-74 to 12-31-75Ext. Info. Coord., 1-1-76to 1-31-78Sr. Info. Officer, 2-1-78 to dateCheryl L. BricknerInfo. Coordinator, 7-1-74 to 2-7-77 FLE Prog.Rosemary L. ParkerAssoc. Pub. Editor, 9-1-74 to 9-16-77Phillip M. StoffanAsst. Ext. Editor, 10-7-74to 12-8-75 +H YouthAnthony BurkholderInfo. Coord., 3-1-76 to 5-25-79 4-H YouthJacqueline S. BrauerInfo. Coord., 3-7-77 to date Ag.-Mkt.Myrna H. ShoemakerInfo. Coord., 3-14-77to 4-17-78 FLEEldon E. FredericksMgr., Ext. Res. Info., 5-1-77 to dateThomas C. MitchellAssoc.Pub. Editor, 6-1-77 to dateLinda HalseyInfo. Coord., 10-18-76to 9-30-78 Mkt.Christine ErvinInfo. Coord., 10-1-78to 6-24-79 FLEWilla (Gritter) KenoyerInfo. Coord., 11-28-77to date FLE

Radio BroadcastingRobert J. ColemanDir., WKAR, 8-1-34 to 6-30-59 RetiredLyle D. BarnhartProduction Mgr., 9-1-39 to 8-30-42Raymond StanleyProg. Supv., 9-10-41 to 12-1-42Mary G. CollopyHome Ec. Radio, 10-1-51to 6-30-54 Retired

Extension Service StaffMSU Departments

Farm Management (Organized Jan. 1, 1921)

Charles P. ReedExt. Spec., 10-1-12to 5-15-17 Field Studies

Karl H. McDonelExt. Spec., 10-1-16to 6-30-17 Field StudiesCharles H. GravesExt. Spec., 8-27-17 to 4-1-20 Field StudiesWill B. SutherlandExt. Spec., 10-21-18to 6-30-19Howard M. EliotExt. Spec., 6-24-20 to 12-31-20

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H.B. KilloughExt. Spec., 7·1·21 to 6-30-22Herbert A. BergExt. Spec., 10-1·28 to 6-30-44Arthur M. HaukeExt. Spec., 1·31·31 to 7·15·35Clyde O. MayExt. Spec., 7·16-34 to 11·15-44Ralph E. LoomisExt. Spec., 12·15·35 to 6-30-36John C. DonethExt. Spec., 7·15·36 to 6-30-49 Trans to Ag. Econ.

Kenneth OusterhoutExt. Spec., 9·1·38 to 6-30·39

10·1·39 to 12·31·39Arthur H. HaistExt. Spec., 6-15-42 to 6-30-46Byron R. BookhoutExt. Spec., 10·16-44 to 12·31-45Norman L. SmithExt. Spec., 2·1-46 to 9·30-48Clare A. BeckerExt. Spec., 3·1-46 to 3·31-47Everett M. ElwoodExt. Spec., 9·1-46 to 6-30-49Eugene H. CarterExt. Spec., 3·19-48 to 6·15·50Richard W. ChristianExt. Spec., 1·1-49 to 4·30-49Warren H. VincentExt. Spec., 5·1-49 to 6-3-49 Trans. to Res., Teaching

(Farm Management combined with agriculturalsection, Department of Economics, to formDepartment of Agricultural Economics, College ofAgriculture )

Emergency Farm LaborAlden B. LoveSupv., 5·1-43 to 1·31-48Charles B. DibbleAsst., State Youth Farm Labor, 1·1-43 to 6·30-43James G. Hays6·1-43 to 1·31-48Ruth J. PeckWomen's Land Army, 5·1-43 to 12·31-44Eunice A. PardeeWar Food Asst., 2·2-44 to 11·9-44 Trans. to FHA

Dennis McGuireLabor Utilization, 2·7-44 to 8-31-44Harold P. GastonFarm Labor Spec., 7·1-46 to 10·31-46

11·1-46 to 6-30-47

Agricultural Economics (Established May 1, 1949)James N. McBrideExt. Spec., 11·1·15 to 3·1·19

12·1·15 to 3·1·19 Dir. of MarkersRalph H. EllsworthExt. Spec., 5·1·16 to 12·31·17 Asst. Mkt. Dir.Hale TennantExt. Spec., 5-4·18 to 12.31.24 Mkt. Field Agt.

3·1·19 to 12·31·24 Dir. of MarketsGeorge C. RavilerExt. Spec., 2·1·19 to 6-30·20

246

Willard C. CribbsExt. Spec., 10-1·19 to 5·19·26Gillord Patch, Jr.Ext. Spec., 9·1·20 to 6-30-41George A. NahstollExt. Spec., 3·1·25 to 6-30-27Reuben V. GunnExt. Spec., 1·1·27 to 6-30·37

7·1·37 to 6-1·32 DeceasedArthur HowlandExt. Spec., 1·1·27 to 6-30·57 Retired(Hugh) Donald HootmanExt. Spec., 10-1·30 to 6-30-31Alden B. LoveExt. Spec., 10·1·30 to 6-30-52 RetiredJohn D. MartinExt. Spec., 10-13·30 to 6-30·31Claude L. NashExt. Spec., 1·1·31 to 6-30-49 RetiredDonald H. StarkExt. Spec., 9·1·37 to 11·30-63 Retired

Clifford M. HardinExt. Spec., 12·1-44 to 3·31-48Arthur MauchExt. Spec., 11·1-45 to 6-30-70 RetiredHenry E. LarzelereExt. Spec., 10·1-46 to 9·30·77 RetiredGerald G. QuackenbushExt. Spec., 7·1-47 to 6-30-52Mary Mae BodwellExt. Spec., 9·15-48 to 3·15·53Dale E. HathawayExt. Spec., 9·1-48 to 10·15·51Lawrence W. WittExt. Spec., 9·1-48 to 6-30-49George N. MottlExt. Spec., 9·1-48 to 12·31-60 Retired

Clarence E. PrenticeExt. Spec., 3·1-49 to 7·31·57Durward B. VarnerExt. Spec., 5·16-49 to 9·15·52Owen F. GliasendorEExt. Spec., 7·1-49 to 5·31·51Warren H. VincentExt. Spec., 7·1·49 to 6-30·74 Trans. to TeachingJohn C. DonethExt. Spec., 7·1·49 to 12·31·72 RetiredEverett M. ElwoodExt. Spec., 7·1·49 to 12·30-66 Retired

Richard T. HartwigExt. Spec., 1·1·50 to 8-31·77 V.P.; RetiTedRaymond A. HigginsExt. Spec., 7·1·50 to 12·31·52Dale E. ButzExt. Spec., 10·1·50 to 6-30·59Francis E. FergusonExt. Spec., 1·16-51 to 9·30·51James M. NielsonExt. Spec., 1·22·51 to 6-30·55Harrry S. WiltExt. Spec., 1·1·52 to 6-30·52Russell G. MawbyExt. Spec., 7·1·52 to 6-30·56Everett E. PetersonExt. Spec., 1·1·53 to 6-30-53Harold M. RileyExt. Spec., 1·1·53 to 6-30·54

Page 257: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

(Royer) B. HeldExt. Spec., 6-1-53 to 12-31-54

Lauren H. BrownExt. Spec., 7-1-53 to 7-1-74 Retired

Linley E. JuersExt. Spec., 1-1-64to 10-31-65Ralph E. HeppExt. Spec., 10-1-65 to dateDavid H. BoyneExt. Spec., 7-1-65 to 10-31-67Donald J. RicksExt. Spec., 7-1-65 to dateDavid L. ColeExt. Spec., 7-1-66 to 8-22-75Richard L. FeltnerExt. Spec., 7-1-66 to 3-31-68

Charles M. CukadenExt. Spec., 11-1-66to 6-30-67George E. RossmillerExt. Spec., 3-1-67 to 9-30-73 Trans. to Teaching

Daniel W. SturtExt. Spec., 2-1-54 to 12-31-56Ext. Spec., 10-15-63to 8-1-70Thomas A. CreagerExt. Spec., 8-16-54 to 9-30-56Robert C. KramerExt. Spec., 7-1-54 to 7-31-58

Leonard R. KyleExt. Spec., 9-1-54 to 7-1-75

Kendall A. AdamsExt. Spec., 9-1-54 to 9-15-57

2-1-62to 7-31-62John L. FischerExt. Spec., 12-20-54to 6-30-55

Richard G. WheelerExt. Spec., 4-1-55 to 3-26-65Carl K. EicherExt. Spec., 7-23-55to 10-15-57Charles L. BeerExt. Spec., 9-1-56 to 9-7-62Eber W. EldridgeExt. Spec., 9-23-56 to 6-30-57John N. FerrisExt. Spec., 1-1-57to dateW. Smith GreigExt. Spec., 1-1-57to 7-31-70

Glynn McBrideExt. Spec., 1-1-57to dateGarland P. WoodExt. Spec., 6-16-57 to dateEarl H. BrownExt. Spec., 7-1-57 to 8-31-63Malcolm L. WoodExt. Spec., 7-1-57 to 12-31-59

Phillips W. FosterExt. Spec., 10-16-57to 7-31-61

Merrill B. EvansExt. Spec., 4-16-58 to 6-6-58

John R. MooreExt. Spec., 8-1-58 to 6-30-60

Myron P. KelseyExt. Spec., 2-1-59 to dateCarleton C. DennisExt. Spec., 6-15-59 to 6-30-60

Trans. to CES Adm.Dir., Rural Manpower Crr.

Coord., CES Mkt. Prog.

RetiredTrans. to College of Ag.

Rural Manpower Ctr.

William L. RubleExt. Spec., 7-1-68 to 1-31-69 Trans. to Exp. Sta.

John M. PierceExt. Spec., 6-1-67 to 2-29-68 Spec. Land Use

Gail E. UpdegraffExt. Spec., 7-1-71 to 6-30-72

Stephen B. HarshExt. Spec., 11-18-69to dateRobert C. MileyExt. Spec., 12-1-68to 9-30-69

David L. ArmstrongExt. Spec., 1-1-68to 7-31-70 Trans. to Teaching

Laura J. RobinsonExt. Spec., 7-1-69 to 4-1-70 Trans. to Research & Teaching

John F. BobbittExt. Spec., 8-1-69 to date Rural Manpower Ctr.

J. Roy BlackExt. Spec., 1-1-70 to dateDuane E. EricksonExt. Spec., 9-1-70 to 8-31-71

Lawrence W. LibbyExt. Spec., 9-1-70 to dateDennis U. FisherExt. Spec., 9-1-70 to 8-31-71

Paul E. Nelson, Jr.Ext. Spec., 1-1-71 to 6-30-71

David Lynn SmithExt. Spec., 7-1-71 to 6-30-73James H. BoothExt. Spec., 8-15-71 to 8-31-77Allen E. ShapleyExt. Spec., 1-1-68 to dateWilbur A. DexterExt. Spec., 7-1-72 to 5-31-76 Retired

Lawrence W. WittExt. Spec., 7-1-72 to 12-31-72 Retired

James D. ShafferExt. Spec., 7-1-72 to dateThomas R. PiersonExt. Spec., 8-1-72 to dateLeanna StiefelExt. Spec., 9-1-72 to 4-30-74

Hugh D. BordinatExt. Spec., 11-1-72 to 12-31-72

Sherrill B. NottExt. Spec., 1-1-73 to dateMary S. PatrickExt. Spec., 3-19-73 to 3-14-74Robert D. StevensExt. Spec., 4-16-73 to 6-40-74 Trans. to Teaching

Robert J. BevinsExt. Spec., 1-1-61to 6-30-61

George K. DikeExt. Spec., 2-15-61 to 5-1-80 Retired

David L. CallExt. Spec., 6-1-60 to 11-16-62Mary D. ZehnerExt. Spec., 1-15-61to date Consumer Mkt.

(Marion) Anita McMillanExt. Spec., 10-1-62to 9-30-68

Francis E. JunisExt. Spec., 1-1-63to 3-31-63

William A. TinsleyExt. Spec., 4-1-63 to 8-31-72

Peggy K. SchomakerExt. Spec., 4-15-63 to 6-30-63

Alvin E. HouseExt. Spec., 9-1-63 to date

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William A. SederburgExt. Spec., 6-16-73 to 7-6-73Gerald D. SchwabExt. Spec., 4-1-74 to dateShyamalendu SarkarExt. Spec., 6-16-74 to 8-15-74Stephen J. MeyerExt. Spec., 9-1-75 to 6-30-77Charles L. MaynardExt. Spec., 3-1-76 to 6-30-76Wayne A. KnoblauchExt. Spec., 3-1-76 to 5-31-76Vernon L. SorensonExt. Spec., 7-1-76 to dateGaye G. BensonExt. Spec., 10-1-76to 9-30-78Kelly M. HarrisonExt. Spec., 1-1-77to 6-30-77Ronald CotterillExt. Spec., 4-1-77 to dateHarold EckerExt. Spec., 7-1-77 to dateAllan P. RahnExt. Spec., 7-16-79 to dateJames E. MulvanyDisr, Farm Mgt. Agt., 6-15-75 to date Data ProcessingCollette H. MoserExt. Spec., 7-1-74 to dateFrank D. SargentExt. Spec., 8-1-74 to 8-1-75 Visiting Prof.Harlan G. HughesExt. Spec., 1-1-78to 6-30-78

Herman J. GallagherExt. Spec., 7-1-29 to 2-29-36Marvin F. SchweenExt. Spec., 5-1-31 to 8-31-32Donald G. EbingerExt. Spec., 6-1-36 to 1-31-42;

1-1-43to 3-31-43Olin WantyAsst. Ext. Spec., 1-12-42to 3-12-42Fred RothAsst. Ext. Spec., 3-12-42 to 12-31-42Ext. Spec., 3-1-46 to 1-15-49Richard L. Wit%Ext. Spec., 11-16-42to 11-30-45William O. CarverDraftsman, 4-1-46 to 7-1-72 RetiredleRoy J. WallenExt. Spec., 3-15-47to 3·15-48Clare A. GunnExt. Spec., 10-22-45to 6-30-56 Tourism·Resort; Trans. to

College of BusinessRobert N. RobinsonExt. Spec., 9·1-48 to 1-14·50 Tourism·Resort; Trans. to

College of BusinessRobert L. MaddexExt. Spec., 1-10-49to 12-9-77 DeceasedRobert G. WhiteExt. Spec., 6-1-49 to 6-30-75 Retired

Willard A. CutlerExt. Spec., 7·1-51 to 10-2-65 DeceasedBurton F.J. CargillExt. Spec., 1·1·55 to dateRichard G. PfisterExt. Spec., 7-1-55 to dateDonald P. BrownExt. Spec., 10-1-55to 12-31-61Alvin L. RippenExt. Spec., 6-1-57 to 6-30-60 Trans. to Food Science

Robert A. AldrichExt. Spec., 2-1-59 to 6-30-62James E. Wall, Sr.Ext. Spec., 1-1-62to 6-15-62Charles K. SpillmanExt. Spec., 12-1-62to 8-15-66Victor L. StineExt. Spec., 1-1-63to 6-30-64 Rural Defense Ed.N. Central Reg. Dir., 7-1-64 to 8-31-68 Project TerminatedCarlton M. EdwardsExt. Spec., 7-1-62 to 8-31-71 RetiredRobert D. FoxN. Central Reg. Dir., 11-25-63to 9-15-64 Rural Defense Ed.Ernest B. MullingsN. Central Reg. Dir., 5-4-64 to 1-15-65 Rural Defense Ed.Eldon R. MaretAsst. Coord., 6-1-64 to 2-10-65 Rural Defense Ed.Cemyw K. KlineExt. Spec., 9-8-64 to 9·7-65 Rural Elec.Neil F. MeadorExt. Spec., 4-1-65 to 8-31-67Leslie A. MackAsst. Coord., 5-1-65 to 12-31-70 Rural Defense Ed.Seward R. Cushman, Jr.Info. Coord., 3-15-65 to 7-8-66 Rural Defense Ed.James S. BoydExt. Spec., 8-16-65 to 6-30·79 RetiredTruman C. SurbrookExt. Spec., 9·1-65 to 12·31-75

Community Health ProjectDonna K. ManczakExt. Spec., 11-1-74to 1·30-79Kathleen ShorkeyExt. Spec., 10-9-72to 9-13-73Gloria N. BouteneExt. Spec., 8-1-73 to 11-30-75Sheila June WardExt. Spec., 9-1-73 to 9-15-75Arlinda PerlowExt. Spec., 10-2-74to 1-4-77

Agricultural Engineering(Farm Mechanics Dept. organized 1909)

Onel E. RobyExt. Spec., 9-1-13 to 4-30-15 Fann Mech.Ext. Spec., 5-1-15 to 6-30-31 Household Eng.Lawrence F. LivingstonExt. Spec., 7-1-21 to 12·31-28 Land ClearingA.J. McAdamsExt. Spec., 7-1-22 to 1-10-24 Land ClearingGeorge AmundsonExt. Spec., 7-1-22 to 1·31-29Ext. Spec., 2-1-29 to 6-30-58Nicholas A. KesslerExt. Spec., 2-1-24 to 1-31-29

Land ClearingRetired

Land ClearingLawrence A. BellExt. Spec., 4·1-26 to 8-31-26; 4-1-27 to 10·31-27;

6-1-28 to 8-31-28; 1-1·29 to 12·31-29Arthur J. BellExt. Spec., 7·1-28 to 6-30-55 RetiredAlfred D. EdgarExt. Spec., 6-1-29 to 3·16-31

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Roland Z. WheatonExt. Spec., 1-1-66 to 8-31-66

Ronald L. DraftExt. Spec., 7-18-66 to 1-3-68 Rural Labor HousingDennis E. WiantExt. Spec., 11-1-66 to 12-31-66

Merle L. EsmayExt. Spec., 1-1-67 to 6-30-75

Ernest H. KidderExt. Spec., 1-1-67 to 10-1-78 RetiredJames L. DruryExt. Spec., 9-1-67 to 6-30-68

John S. BolenExt. Spec., 1-1-68 to 4-7-72 Ag. Mech.Richard J. PattersonExt. Spec., 4-1-68 to 8-15-73

David M. FarmerExt. Spec., 7-1-68 to 6-30-70

Howard J. DossExt. Spec., 7-1-69 to date Ag. Mech.Patrick O. NgoddyExt. Spec., 10-1-69 to 6-30-70

Theodore L. LoudonExt. Spec., 9-15-71 to date

Richard H. BittnerExt. Spec., 5-1-72 to 8-31-74

Clarence M. HansenExt. Spec., 7-1-72 to 7-1-80 RetiredLee D. BakerExt. Spec., 9-1-72 to 9-30-74Dennis L. LarsonExt. Spec., 2-1-73 to 6-30-73

William G. BickertExt. Spec., 8-1-74 to date

Bill A. StoutExt. Spec., 10-1-75 to date

Robert H. WilkinsonExt. Spec., 9-1-76 to date

Dwight F. KampeExt. Spec., 10-1-76 to 12-31-78

Wesley L. DorinExt. Spec., 10-1-77 to 6-30-78

Roger C. BrookExt. Spec., 7-1·79 to date

Warren D. BurringtonExt. Spec., 10-1-24 to 8-15-31

Russell E. HorwoodExt. Spec., 6-1-27 to 12-31-37

Claire W. NelsonExt. Spec., 3-1-29 to 6-30-33

Elmer N. HansenExt. Spec., 6-1-29 to 9-15-29

George A. BowlingExt. Spec., 4-1-30 to 6-30-31

Jewell M. JensenExt. Spec., 11-1-35 to 12-31-44 Trans. to Food ScienceElmer C. ScheidenhelmExt. Spec., 1-1-36 to 4-30-45 ResignedArthur R. SchubertExt. Spec., 2-1-38 to 7-2-40 U.P.; DeceasedGeorge S. McIntyreExt. Spec., 1-l-41 to 12-31-46 U.P.Woodrow W. SnyderExt. Spec., 5-1-44 to 6-30-46 DeceasedLawrence A. JohnsonExt. Spec., 5-1-45 to 10-31-69 RetiredGeorge E. ParsonsExt. Spec., 7-1-45 to 8-31-62 Trans. to CES Adm.Donald L. MurrayExt. Spec., 7-1-46 to 6-30-72 RetiredWilliam B. LutzExt. Spec., 4-1-47 to 11-17-50 U.P,Charles J. LittleExt. Spec., 1-16-51 to 1-23-72 U.P.; DeceasedFrank V. GendronExt. Field Dairyman, 10-1-55 to 9-30-62

Robert C. KniselyProduction Records Fieldman, 1-1-57 to 6-30-58 Trans. to KentClinton E. MeadowsExt. Spec., 6-16-57 to 6-30-78 RetiredDonald HillmanExt. Spec., 1-1-59 to date

Curtis C. MillerExt. Field Dairyman, 3-1-61 to 9-30-64

Louis J. BoydExt. Spec., 1-1-63 to 7-31-72

John A. SpeicherExt. Spec., 7-1-63 to 5-14-74 Trans. to Ext. Prog.Martin A. WilsonExt. Field Dairyman, 3-1-66 to 6-30-72

Peter W. SpikeExt. Spec., 8-1-67 to 4-30-72

Bernard M. HeisnerExt. Field Dairyman, 7-16-71 to 2-28-73

Herbert F. BucholtzExt. Spec., 8-10-72 to date U.P.Ivan L. MaoExt. Spec., 9-1-72 to 12-31-77Roger W. MellenbergerExt. Spec., 10-1-72 to date

Larry R. PrewittExt. Spec., 3-16-73 to 6-30-75

Julia F. EasterlyExt. Spec., 8-16-73 to 12-15-76 4·H Prog.Daniel J. HuntExt. Spec., 8-10-74 to 2-10-77 u.P. Exp. Sta.Lee R. ShullExt. Spec., 10-16-75 to date

John W. ThomasExt. Spec., 1-1-78 to date

Gale M. BaumgardnerExt. Spec., 8-1-77 to date 4-H Prog.

Dairy HusbandryJames A. WaldronExt. Spec., 3-1-16 to 6-30-22

Ozias T. GoodwinExt. Spec., 8-15-18 to 8-31-19 Dairy Mfg.A. C. BaltzerExt. Spec., 7-1-21 to 2-1-55 DeceasedHomer E. DennisonExt. Spec., 1-1-22 to 3-15-24

Stanley J. BrownellExt. Spec., 7-1-22 to 9-30-23

James G. HaysExt. Spec., 11-1-22 to 6-30-55 RetiredRobert H. AddyExt. Spec., 12-1-22 to 8-31-28

Jamie G. Wells, Jr.Ext. Spec., 1-1-23 to 3-31-27

Karl H. MillerExt. Spec., 1-1-23 to 6-30-23

George GirrbachExt. Spec., 7-1-24 to 1-31-29

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John C. WallerExt. Spec., 6-26-78 to date

Matthew J. PanonsExt. Spec., 9-4-79 to date

Animal HusbandryWilliam F. RavenExt. Spec., 4-1-09 to 9-14-17 U.P.; DeceasedClarence D. CookExt. Spec., 7-1-17 to 9-8-17

Verne A. FreemanExt. Spec., 9-15-17 to 6-30-19

7-1-22 to 8-31-29

Duncan L McMillanExt. Spec., 4-1-18 to 3-31-19 SheepDonald WillialDJExt. Spec., 3-1-20 to 2-28-22 SheepHarry F. MoxlevExt. Spec., 1-1-28 to 6-30-58 Retired

Leonard H. BlakesleeExt. Spec., 8-1-29 to 12-31-69 Retired

Delmar H. LaVoiExt. Spec., 9-1-29 to 8-15-38 Retired

Evart L BentonExt. Spec., 8-1-38 to 4-22-47 DeceasedGravdon L. BlankExt. Spec., 7-1-46 to 12-31-73 RetiredWUton L FinlevExt. Spec., 9-15-47 to 12-30-66 RetiredRobert E. RustExt. Spec., 8-1-54 to 1-31-59

Edward C. Miner, Jr.Ext. Spec., 1-1-55 to 12-31-74 RetiredRalph E. MorrowExt. Spec., 1-1-57 to 4·23-66

Hugh E. HendenonExt. Spec., 7-1-58 to 6-30-61

7-1·72 to 4·30-74

NeU B. WebbExt. Spec., 9-1-59 to 6-30-60 Trans. to Food ScienceRobert H. HinesExt. Spec., 6-15-61 to 6-30-62; 7·1-62 to 7-31-64

Robert J. DeansExt. Spec., 7-1-61 to 6-30-73; 8-1-73 to 6-30-77

Robert A. MerkelExt. Spec., 2·1-62 to 6-30-64

Harold A. HennemanExt. Spec., 11·1-66 to 6-30-72

Dannv G. FoxExt. Spec., 7-1·74 to 7-31-77

Terrence R. GreathouseExt. Spec., 3-27-67 to 8-31·73

Richard J. DunnExt. Spec., 7-1-68 to date

David R. HawkinsExt. Spec., 9-1-69 to 9-30-73

Harlan D. RitchieExt. Spec., 7-1-70 to date

Gerald A. GreathouseExt. Spec., 10-1-71 to 7-31-74

Daniel J. HuntExt. Spec., 8-10-74 to 2-10-77 U.P.Laurie S. KaplanExt. Spec., 8-1-75 to 9·30-79

Stephen R. BaertscheExt. Spec., 9·15-75 to date

Mavnard G. HogbergExt. Spec., 1-1·76 to dateBenjamin B. BartlettExt. Spec., 8-15-77 to date U.P.; Also DairyJames J. Ahem, Jr.Ext. Spec., 1-23·78 to 7-22-78

Poultry ScienceCharles H. BurgessExt. Spec., 9-1-17 to 6-30-18

Ernest C. ForemanExt. Spec., 7-1-18 to 11-30-21

Clarence M. FergusonExt. Spec., 1-1-22 to 6-30-23

Ravmond D. UreExt. Spec., 8-1-22 to 4-1-24; 7-1-24 to 9-30-24

John A. HannahExt. Spec., 7-1-23 to 12-31-34 Trans. to MSU Adm.Earl SindecuseExt. Spec., 7-1-23 to 8-31-23C.M. CookExt. Spec., 7-1-23 to 8-31-23

Otto J. WeisnerExt. Spec., 7-1-24 to 7-31-25

John McKav MooreExt. Spec., 9-1-25 to 3-8-28

1-1-35 to 12-31-58 RetiredJames A. DavidsonExt. Spec., 12-1-25 to 10-5-27

1-1-59 to 6-30- 59 ReappointmentRav L GulliverExt. Spec., 7-1-26 to 9-30-26 U.P.Leo R. ArnoldExt. Spec., 4-20-27 to 8-31·31

Leon C. ToddExt. Spec., 1·16-28 to 12·31-28

E. Reuben HancockExt. Spec., 4-1-28 to 10-31-33

Otis E. ShearExt. Spec., 2-1-29 to 6-30-47 RetiredErnest S. WeisnerExt. Spec., 1-1-34 to 3-31-34; 12-1-35 to 6-30-39

Trans. to Poultry Path.Rav A. ConollvExt. Spec., 4-1-34 to 12-31-34

Howard C. lindelExt. Spec., 3-4-46 to 1-15-54 Trans. to Dept. ChairmanCharles ReedExt. Spec., 10-15-47 to 3-31-49

WUliam A. AhoExt. Spec., 6-1-49 to 9-30-52

George B. SweetExt. Spec., 1-1-52 to 6-30-52Donald C. MinerExt. Spec., 1-1-53 to 7-31-56

Harry E. HathawavExt. Spec., 7-1-54 to 6-30-57

Daria D. MoverExt. Spec., 4-1-56 to 12-8-58

Flovd W. HicksField Poultrvman, 1-1-58 to 3-31-61Ext. Spec., 4-1-61 to 1·31-63

Hugh S. JohnsonField Poultryman, 1·1-58 to 6-30-61

Charles C. SheppardExt. Spec., 9-16-58 to 6-30-78 RetiredWilliam K. WardenExt. Spec., 12-14-59 to 3-31-64

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Robert K. RingerExt. Spec., 3-1-63 to 6-30-63John H. WolfordExt. Spec., 7-1-63 to 7-31-74Cal J. FlegalExt. Spec., 7-1-65 to date

Richard J. AulerichExt. Spec., 7-1-67 to dateSam K. VargheseExt. Spec., 1-1-75 to date

Bernard J. MarquezExt. Spec., 1-1-75 to 2-28-78Richard J. BalanderExt. Spec., 11-1-78 to date

Allan P. RahnExt. Spec., 6-1-79 to date

David Peter OlsonExt. Spec., 8-1-69 to 12-31-73Louis E. NewmanExt. Spec., 9-1-69 to 9-15-79Thomas N. MonfortExt. Spec., 7-1-70 to 6-30-71Oscar G. SwanstromExt. Spec., 7-1-71 to 6-30-75Kenneth F. GallagherExt. Spec., 10-1-76 to date

James R. MainExt. Spec., 7-28-75 to 6-30-77Edward A. ScottExt. Spec., 12-1-75 to 9-30-76Charles D. GibsonExt. Spec., 6-1-77 to date

Poultry PathologyErnest S. WeisnerExt. Spec., 7-1-39 to 10-31-43Clarence E. HardinExt. Spec., 3-1-47 to 12-31-47Charles W. DarbyExt. Spec., I-I-50 to 6-30-50Howard W. DunneExt. Spec., 10-1-50 to 7-31-52Samuel C. SchmittleExt. Spec., 9-1-53 to 7-31-57Charles F. HallExt. Spec., 2-1-57 to 8-31-57William J. Mathey, Jr.Ext. Spec., 2-1-57 to 12-18-58Robert J. Van RvzinExt. Spec., 9-1-57 to 5-6-59John H. GreveExt. Spec., 7-1-59 to 9-18-59Carlton C. EllisExt. Spec., 9-1-59 to 9-30-63(project combined with Veterinary Medicine)

Botany and Plant PathologyJesse H. MuncieExt. Spec., 9-1-29 to 6-30-45Lewis C. KnorrExt. Spec., 8-1-45 to 6-30-47John R. VaughnExt. Spec., 5-1-47 to 12-31-47

Edward A. AndrewsExt. Spec., 5-15-48 to 12-31-54Edward J. KlosExt. Spec., 9-16-55 to date

Howard S. PotterExt. Spec., 9-1-56 to date

Nicky A. SmithExt. Spec., 11-1-60 to 6-30-78 RetiredJohn H. HartExt. Spec., 7-1-65 to 6-30-72 Dept. Trans.Alan 1. JonesExt. Spec., 1-1-68 to date

Axel 1. AndersenExt. Spec., 5-5-68 to 2-28-77 RetiredGerald R. HooperExt. Spec., 7-1-68 to 9-20-71Donald C. RamsdellExt. Spec., 1-1-72 to date

Franklin F. LaemmlenExt. Spec., 9-1-72 to date

Fred H. TschirlevExt. Spec., 9-1-74 to date

Richard E. StuckeyExt. Spec., 7-1-75 to 12-31-751. Patrick HartExt. Spec., 4-1-78 to date

Christine (Taylor) StephensExt. Spec., 11-1-78 to date

Animal Disease ControlBenjamin J. KillhamExt. Spec., 3-16-30 to 10-12-50 DeceasedGeorge 1.H. WeaverExt. Spec., 1-15-46 to 12-31-46Glen W. ReedExt. Spec., 2-1-47 to 6-30-64 Retired(project transferred to Veterinary Medicine)

Veterinary MedicineCharles F. ReedExt. Spec., 6-1-62 to 12-31-66 Assoc. Dean, Vet.

1-1-67 to 2-28-69 Assoc. Dean, Vet. Med.; Cont. Ed.Clifford C. BeckExt. Spec., 1-16-64 to 6-30-69Fred A. BohmkerExt. Spec., 9-1-64 to 7-15-67Fayne H. OberstExt. Spec., 7-1-66 to 2-28-69James B. DallevExt. Spec., 7-1-66 to 8-31-69David A. MorrowExt. Spec., 9-1-68 to date

David J. EllisExt. Spec., 3-1-69 to date

Insect Control and ApicultureDon B. WhelanExt. Spec., 7-1-15 to 5-31-19Edwin EwellExt. Spec., 5-1-18 to 8-31-28Russell N. HainExt. Spec., 9-1-19 to 3-31-22John H. HarmanExt. Spec., 5-10-22 to 8-31-25Arthur R. MarstonExt. Spec., 1-1-27 to 4-30-27Charles B. DibbleExt. Spec., 7-1-27 to 7-15-44

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John C. KremerExt. Spec., 7·1·28 to 6-3()"55(lruect Control transferred to Department of EntomololV January I,1945)

Com Borer WorkLawrence A. BellCom Borer Spec., 11·15·27 to 5·31·28Arthur J. BellAg. Eng. Spec., 9·19·27 to 6-3()"28Goodwin S. TollesCom Borer Spec., 12·1·27 to 3·31·28Walter F. MorofakyCom Borer Spec., 12·1·27 to 3·31·28Arthur R. MantonCom Borer Spec., 1·1·27 to 4·30·27; 1·1·28 to 3·31·28Maynard S. GrunderCom Borer Spec., 5·1·28 to 6-30·28Howard C. RatherCom Borer Spec., 3·16·27 to 6-30·28Bernard R. ProulxInfo. Spec., 3·16-27 to 6-3()"28

EntomologyHerman L. KingExt. Spec., 1·1-45 to 9·30-46 Trans. to MSV Adm.Ray L. JanesExt. Spec., 1()"1-46 to 5·31·71 RetiredE. C. MartinExt. Spec., 9·16-50 to 4·14-61 Apiculture

4·15-61 to 7·31-63 Leave, Nigeria Proj.8-1-63 to 9·14·719·15·71 to 12·31·71 Leave, Indonesia Proj.1·1·72 to 1()"31·75 Retired

Alfred C. DowdyExt. Spec., 9·1·54 to 10·31-67James E. TerrillExt. Spec., 9·1-61 to 8-31-62Paul H. WooleyExt. Spec., 7·1-63 to 10·31·68 DeceasedWilliam E. WallnerExt. Spec., 2·1-65 to 3·31·72

4·1-72 to 9-30-72 Leave, Switterland10·1·72 to 2-15-76

Matthew J. ZabikExt. Spec., 12-1-65 to 6-30-74Michael P. ShinkleExt. Spec., 7-1-68 to 2·28-70William W. ThompeonDist. Entomologist, 3·1-69 to 2-26·74 DeceasedGerald ThomeExt. Spec., 9-1-69 to 11-30-69Charles W. LaughlinExt. Spec., 12-1-69 to 12-31-72 Trans. to College 0/ Ag.Robert F. RuppelExt. Spec., 12·1-69 to dateDonald C. CressExt. Spec., 6-1-70 to 3-31-77Richard J. SauerExt. Spec., 9-1-70 to 1()"14-75 Trans. to Ag. Exp. Sea.Turner B. SuttonExt. Spec., 2-15-73 to 9·30-74James E. BathExt. Spec., 7-1·74 to date Also Dept. ChairmanHarold D. NewsonExt. Spec., 7-1-74 to date

252

Richard A. LeavittExt. Spec., 7-1-74 to 12-31-78James K. LiebherrResearch Asst., 9·2-74 to 12-31-77Ext. Spec., 1-1-78 to 1()..31-78Jay F. BrunnerExt. Spec., 6-1·75 to 2-28-78Brian A. CroftExt. Spec., 7-1-75 to dateRoger A. HoopingarnerExt. Spec., 7-1-75 to dateArthur L. WellaResearch Asst., 7-1-75 to dateMichael J. DoverExt. Spec., 9-1-75 to 3-31-78M. Keith KennedyExt. Spec., 1()"1·75 to dateClarence H. CollisonExt. Spec., 9-16-75 to 8-31-76Gary A. SimmonsExt. Spec., 8-9-76 to dateThomas C. EdensExt. Spec., 9-1-76 to 8-31·77; 9-1-77 to 8-31·78Edward GrafiusExt. Spec., 12-1-77 to dateGeorge W. BirdExt. Spec., 8-1-73 to date Pest Mgt.Thomas DudekExt. Spec., 1·1·78 to date Pest Mgt.Gary DunnExt. Spec., 2-1-79 to dateStuart GageExt. Spec., 10-1-77 to dateAngus HowittExt. Spec., 2-1-79 to dateMark WhalonExt. Spec., 4·1-79 to dateCHI VanDenBrinkExt. Spec., 10·1·77 to date Ag. Weather

Farm Crops(Department established 1909, renamed Crop Science 7-1-(3)

Arthur R. PottsExt. Spec., 9-9-09 to 3-31·15lvin K. MaysteadExt. Spec., 7-1-15 to 5·15-17John W. NicolsonExt. Spec., 2·1·16 to 2-29-20William MurphyExt. Spec., 9-4·17 to 6-30-18Ext. Spec., 8-1-19 to 3·20·19Louis H. GrettonExt. Spec., 3·16-18 to 5-1-18Ernest K. ChamberlainExt. Spec., 2-15·19 to 12·31·19Howard C. RatherExt. Spec., 4-1-20 to 6·15·28Duane F. RaineyExt. Spec., 4-1·20 to 8-31-26Ext. Spec., 3·17·27 to 6-30·28A. Leal BibbinsExt. Spec., 4-1·20 to 12-31·21Grosvenor W. PutnamExt. Spec., 1·1·22 to 3·31·24Larry D. KurtzExt. Spec., 4·1·22 to 9-30-22 V.P.Ext. Spec., 4·1·23 to 9-30-23 V.P.Ext. Spec., 10-1-23 to 2-29·28

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George E. StarrExt. Spec., 2-1-23 to 4-9-23

Paul R. MillerExt. Spec., 5-1-24 to 10-15-31

Clifford E. SkiverExt. Spec., 4-1-25 to 10-15-27 U.P.; Trans to CAA

Henry C. MooreExt. Spec., 7-1-26 to 6-30-58 Retired

Coland M. McCraryExt. Spec., 7-1-26 to 12-31-29

Ralph H. MorrishExt. Spec., 9-1-26 to 6-30-31Ext. Spec., 11-1-34 to 12-31-35

Ernest J. WheelerExt. Spec., 7-1-27 to 9-30-27

Clarence R. OviattExt. Spec., 11-1-27 to 8-31-34

Harold C. KieblerExt. Spec., 4-1-28 to 2-28-29

Bernard D. KuhnExt. Spec., 6-1-28 to 6-30-30 U.P.

Roy E. DeckerExt. Spec., 8-1-28 to 3-31-39 Trans. to CES Adm.

P. R. BiebesheimerExt. Spec., 10-1-28 to 1-31-29 Trans. to WexfOTd

Potatoes and VegetablesClarence W. WardExt. Spec., 2-1-14 to 3-31-21 Trans. to Hart.

Henry C. MooreExt. Spec., 7-16-17 to 8-31-17Ext. Spec., 1-1-19 to 6-30-26 Trans. to Fann Crops

Irving T. PickfordExt. Spec., 12-6-18 to 10-31-20 Trans. to Hart.

James W. WestonExt. Spec., 4-1-22 to 2-28-26

Coland M. McCraryExt. Spec., 3-1-26 to 12-31-29

(potato project transferred to Farm Crops and vegetable projecttransferred to Horticulture July 1, 1926)

Soils(Organized 1909, renamed Department of Soil Science 7.1-(3)

Eera LevinExt. Spec., 7-1-16 to 6-30-21

George M. GranthamExt. Spec., 7-1-20 to 8-31-25

Paul M. HarmerExt. Spec., 9-1-21 to 6-30-31Ext. Spec., 11-1-35 to 6-30-53 Retired

Orville B. PriceExt. Spec., 9-1-25 to 9-15·26

John W. SimsExt. Spec., 3-15·27 to 1-31-30

Frank W. TrullExt. Spec., 7-1-27 to 6-30-28Ext. Spec., 7-1-53 to 6-30-55 Soil Conservation

James A. PorterExt. Spec., 6-1·28 to 2-28-30Ext. Spec., 3-1-36 to 6-30-67 Retired

Russell V. TannerExt. Spec., 12-1-28 to 3-31-29Ext. Spec., 12-1-29 to 3-31-30Ext. Spec., 12-1-30 to 3-31-31Ext. Spec., 1-1-32 to 2-29-32

Paul J. RoodExt. Spec., 2-1-30 to 6-30-58 Retired

Everett C. SackriderExt. Spec., 3-1-30 to 10-31-35

John WilkExt. Spec., 2-16-31 to 4-5-31

Paul M. BarrettSoil Conservationist, 1-1-37 to 7-31-42

Louis A. WolfangerExt. Spec., 9-1-37 to 6-30-66 Retired

Edward D. LongneckerExt. Spec., 9-1-37 to 6-30-61 Retired

Leonard J. BraamseExt. Spec., 12-1-39 to 10-1-60 Deceased

John F. DavisExt. Spec., 5-1-46 to 2-28-49

John C. ShicklunaSoils Tech. IV, 12-16-52 to 6-30-60Soils Chemist 5, 7-1-60 to 6-30-64Ext. Spec., 7-1-64 to 12-31-74

Robert E. LucasExt. Spec., 7-1-53 to 2-28·77 Retired

Lynn S. RobertsonExt. Spec., 10-1·53 to I1·30·53Ext. Spec., I-I-57 to date Trans to Crops/Soils

James TysonExt. Spec., 7-1-56 to 4-15-64 Deceased

George F. WennerExt. Spec., 4-1-29 to 8-15-41

Jesse J. BirdExt. Spec., 4-1-30 to 12-31-32

Dennie L. ClanahanExt. Spec., 7-1-30 to 8-31-49 U.P.Ext. Spec., 9·1-49 to 7-31-62 RetiredHarry A. ReileyExt. Spec., 10-21-35 to 12-20-35Ext. Spec., 11·15·36 to 2-14-37

Carter M. HarrisonExt. Spec., 1·1-36 to 12-31-44

Alvin A. JohnsonExt. Spec., 4-1-39 to 6-30-46

Richard W. BellExt. Spec., 8-1-41 to 3-31-53

Stuart C. HildebrandExt. Spec., 7·1-46 to 6-30-69

Leyton V. NelsonExt. Spec., 7-1-49 to 12-31-66Ext. Spec., 1-1-67 to 3-31-67Ext. Spec., 4-1-67 to 11-30-68Ext. Spec., 12-1-68 to 3-15-69Ext. Spec., 3-16-69 to 6-30-69

William 1. CargoExt. Spec., 9-1-49 to 10-31-62

Milton H. ErdmannExt. Spec., 8-1-53 to 6-30-69

Herbert R. PettigroveExt. Spec., 2-1-60 to 6-30-66

Richard W. ChaseExt. Spec., 8-1-61 to 6-30-69

David H. Smith, Jr.Ext. Spec., 7-1-63 to 9-9-65

William F. MeggittExt. Spec., 12-1-64 to date

Donald J. ReidExt. Spec., 4-15-66 to 8-31-75

Lawrence O. CopelandExt. Spec., 10-1-67 to date

Trans. to CES Adm.

Trans. to Crops/Soils

Leave, Pakistan

Leave, PakistanTrans. to Crops/Soils

u.P.

Trans. to Crops/Soils

Retired

Trans. to Crops/Soils

u.P.; Trans. to Crops/Soils

Trans. to Crops/Soils

u.P.; Trans. to Crops/Soils

Trans. to Crops/Soils

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Irving T. PickfordExt. Spec., 12-6-18to 10·31·20 Potato/Vegetable Proj.Thomas A. FarrandExt. Spec., 1·1·21 to 12·12·23 DeceasedHorace A. CardinellExt. Spec., 1·1·23 to 2·28-34George E. StarrExt. Spec., 4·9·23 to 2·28-31H. Donald HootmanExt. Spec., 3·1·24 to 9·30·30Ext. Spec., 7·1·31 to 6-30·59 RetiredHarold P. GastonExt. Spec., 3·1·26 to 6-30·26August H. TeskeExt. Spec., 4·1·26 to 10·31·26Kenneth PostExt. Spec., 8-15·28 to 8-31·30 FlariculturePaul R. KroneExt. Spec., 8-15·30 to 4·15-65 Floriculture;RetiredGlenn L. RicksExt. Spec., 12·1·30 to 6·30·31Ext. Spec., 3·1·34 to 8·31·35George W. WoodburyExt. Spec., 3·1·31 to 6-30·31Charles H. MahoneyExt. Spec., 6-15·31 to 1·15·38Ruuel H. KeltyExt. Spec., 7·1·35 to 6-30·50 Apiculture; RetiredThais A. MerrillExt. Spec., 9·16-35 to 3·31-41Ext. Spec., 6-1-43 to 8-31-46Henry L. SeatonExt. Spec., 1·15·38 to 10·31-41Carl DietzVegetable Garden Spec., 4·1·38 to 5·31·38 V.P.Joseph H. SchultzVegetable Garden Spec., 4·1·39 to 5·31·39 V.P.Perry H. BowserAsst. Spec., 1·1-41 to 4·30-41Ext. Spec., 10-20-41to 12·31-45 Veg. GardeningTheodore C. StebbinsExt. Spec., 8-1-41 to 9·30-45Spencer B. Apple, Jr.Ext. Spec., 2·1-42 to 10·15-46Clive E. RussellExt. Spec., 1·1-43 to 12·31-44John W. RoseExt. Spec., 4·1-45 to 10·31·54Clarence A. LangerExt. Spec., 1·20-46 to 10·31·54Robert F. CarlsonExt. Spec., 3·1-46 to 3·31-49John S. TitusExt. Spec., 6-15-47 to 9·15-48Arthur L. IsbitExt. Spec., 8-1-48 to 11·30·53Alexander N. Reath, Jr.Ext. Spec., 4·1-49 to 1·15·53 V.P.Robert E. LoreeExt. Spec., 10·16-49to 4·15·50Henry L.R. ChapmanExt. Spec., 1·1·50 to 8-31·56 RetiredJohn P. Tomkin.Ext. Spec., 7·1·50 to 6-30·53Sam AsenExt. Spec., 10·16-50to 6-30·52

Wade W. McCallExt. Spec., 7·1-61 to 12·31·62Eugene C. DollExt. Spec., 7·1-61 to 3·31·74Paul E. RiekeExt. Spec., 7·1-63 to 6-30-65Donald L. ThurlowExt. Spec., 7·1-63 to 3·31-67 V.P.Ronald P. WhiteExt. Spec., 12·1-65 to 12·1-66Ext. Spec., 7·1-66 to 12·1-66Donald R. ChristensonExt. Spec., 3·16-68 to date Trans. to Crops/SoilsMaurice L. VitoshExt. Spec., 7·1-68 to date Trans. to Crops/Soils

Agricultural Adjustment AdministrationEdward D. LongneckerSoils Spec., 5·21·34 to 8-31·37Merrill G. MarshallCivil Eng., 6-6-34 to 10·31·35State Compliance Supv., 11·1·35 to 11·30·36Louis G. HallAAA Prog. Asst., 11·1·35 to 12·31·35Andrew CampbellAAA Prog. Asst., 11·1·35 to 12·31·35

Crop and Soil Sciences(Crop Science and Soil Science merged July I, 1969)

Stuart C. HildebrandExt. Spec., 7·1-69 to 8·15·75 DeceasedLeyton V. NelsonExt. Spec., 7·1-69 to 6-30·76 RetiredMilton H. ErdmannExt. Spec., 7·1-69 to 12·31·80 RetiredRichard W. ChaseExt. Spec., 7·1-69 to dateJefren L. DemeterioExt. Spec., 7·1-69 to 6-30·71Ray L. CookExt. Consultant, 7·1-69 to 6-30·70Darryl D. WarnckeExt. Spec., 7·1·72 to dateLee W. JacobsExt. Spec., 10·25·73 to dateKenyon T. PayneExt. Spec., 7·1·75 to dateRichard H. LeepExt. Spec., 6-16-76 to date V.P.Gary E. SchultzExt. Spec., 6-6-77 to 7·1·79Vernon W. MeintsExt. Spec., 7·11·77 to dateZane R. HelselExt. Spec., 9·1·77 to date

HorticultureOliver K. WhiteExt. Spec., 4·1-09 to 12·31·15Clarence W. WardExt. Spec., 2·1·14 to 3·31·21 Potato/Vegetable Proj.John H. CarmodyExt. Spec., 2·24·16 to 10·1·17 Potato/Vegetable Proj.John A. PetrieExt. Spec., 7·1·16 to 4·15·17 Potato/Vegetable Proj.

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Harry K. BellExt. Spec., 10·1·53 to 5·31·54

Stanley K. RiesExt. Spec., 12·1·53 to 6-30·60

Jacob A. TuukMkt. Adviser, Horr., 8·16·54 to 10·31·57

R. Paul LarsenExt. Spec., 3·16·55 to 11·11-68

H. John CarewExt. Spec., 5·16·55 to 6·30·62 Trans. to Dept. Chair

Fred B. Widmoyer, Jr.Ext. Spec., 11·1·56 to 4·30-60

Arthur E. MitchellExt. Spec., 7·1·59 to 12·11·70 Deceased

Martin J. BukovacExt. Spec., 7·1·59 to 6·30·64

David R. DilleyExt. Spec., 2·1-60 to 6·30·74

Donald H. DeweyExt. Spec., 1·1-60 to 6·30·63Ext. Spec., 7·1-64 to date

John D. DownesExt. Spec., 7·1·60 to 2·15·67Ext. Spec., 2·16-67 to 2·15·68 Study Lea"eExt. Spec., 2·16·68 to 4·15·70

Richard R. DedolphExt. Spec., 8·1-60 to 10·31·64

J. Lee TaylorExt. Spec., 9·1·60 to date

Clark W. NicklowExt. Spec., 7·1·63 to 3·31·72

Donald Pickett WatsonExt. Spec., 7·1·64 to 10·31·64

Jerome Hull, Jr.Ext. Spec., 9·1-64 to date

Alan R. PutnamExt. Spec., 1·16·65 to 7·1·79

August A. DeHertoghExt. Spec., 6·15·65 to 6·30·67

Harold DavidsonExt. Spec., 1·16·66 to date

William H. CarlsonExt. Spec., 6·7-66 [0 date

Robert C. HernerExt. Spec., 4·15·68 [07·1·79

G. Stanley HowellExt. Spec., 6·16·69 to 7·1·79

Hugh C. PriceExt. Spec., 2·15·71 to 10·1·78

Douglas M. JonesSr. Hort. Tech., 5·1·72 to 3·7·73

James E. MotesExt. Spec., 10·15·72 to 1·31·77

Jesse L. SaylorSr. Hort. Tech., 3·19·73 to date

James A. FloreExt. Spec., 12·1·74 to 7·1·79

Bernard H. ZandstraExt. Spec., 10·1·77 to date

Diana G. HelselExt. Spec., 5·1·80 to date

Zane R. HelselExt. Spec., 9·1·77 to date

Robert AndersonExt. Spec., 7·1·79 to date

James HancockExt. Spec., 8·1·79 to date

Conservation Institute(Established May 20, 1937)

Russell G. HillFarm Game Spec., 9·1·37 to 2·28-45 loint Appt. wi Dept. of ZoologySoil Conservationist, 3·1-45 to 6·30·50 Trans. to Consevanon Di".

Paul M. BarrettConservation Spec., 1·1·38 to 6·30·59 Trans. to Conserocnon Di".Louis A. WolfangerSoils Spec., 9·1·37 to 6·30·50 Trans. to Conservcnon Dw.Leonard J. BraamseSoil Conservation Spec., 12·1·39 to 6·30·50 Trans. [0 Conserecnon Di".

George D. HurellLand Use Spec., 1·1·44 to 1·31·48

Arnold O. HaugenFarm Game Spec., 5·1-45 to 4·30-47

Charles T. BlackFarm Game Mgt. Spec., 5·1·47 to 7·15·49

Frank W. SuggittLand Use Spec., 5·1-48 to 7·1·50 Trans. to Conservenon Di".Charles ShickFarm Game Mgt. Spec., 10·24-49 to 6·30·59 Trans. to

Fisheries & Wildlife

M. Faith McAuleyFood Services Spec., 11·15·45 to 1·1·47 Deceased

Gladys E. KnightFood Services Spec., 5·1·47 to 6·30·50 Trans. to Inst. Adm.

Clare A. GunnTourism-Resort Servo Spec., 10·22·45 to 6·30·50 Trans. to Ag. Eng.

Robert W. McintoshTourism-Resort Servo Spec., 11·1-47 to 6·30·50 Trans. to

Conservancn tuo.Robert N. RobinsonTourism-Resort Servo Spec., 9·1-48 to 1-4·50

Department of Land and Water Conservation(Organized July 1, 1950)

Russell G. HillSoil Conservation Spec., 7·1·50 to 6·30·56 Secretary, State SCS Comm.;

Trans. to Res. De".

Paul M. BarrettConservation Spec., 7·1·50 to 6·30·56 Trans. to Res. De".

Frank W. SuggittLand Use Spec., 7·1·50 to 10·15·52 Trans. to Dept. Chairman

Robert W. McintoshTourism-Resort Spec., 7·1·50 to 6·30·56 Trans. to College of Business

Winfield S. HarrisonSoil Conservation Spec., 7·1·50 to 6·30·56 Trans. to Res. De".

Leonard J. BraamseSoil Conservation Spec., 7·1·50 to 5·31·53

William F. JewellLand Use Spec., 9·1·54 to 6·30·56 Trans. to Res. Det!.

Frank W. TrullSoil Water Conservation Spec., 7·1·53 to 6·30·55 Trans. to Soil Science

Louis A. W olfangerRural Zoning Spec., 7·1·50 to 6·30·56 Trans. to Soil Science

Resource Development(Established July 1, 1956)

Russell G. HillSoil Conservationist, 7·1·56 to 12·31·74 Secy., State SCS Comm.;

Retired

Paul M. BarrettConservation Spec., 7·1·56 to 6·30·61 Retired

Winfield S. HarrisonSoil Conservation Spec., 7·1·56 to 11·21·62 Deceased

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ForestryComfort A. TylerExt. Spec., 4·23·12 to 3·1·16Edmund C. MandenbergExt. Spec., 9·1·16 to 12·31·17Ext. Spec., 1·1·19 to 12·31·19Raymond F. KroodamaExt. Spec., 10·1·24 to 11·30·35W.lra BullExt. Spec., 5·1·36 to 12·31-47Roy E. SkogExt. Spec., 4·1-40 to 7·1·76Lester E. BellExt. Spec., 10·1-42 to 12·31-47 RetiredJohn N. FieldsExt. Spec., 3·1-48 to 5·31·51William B. LoveExt. Spec., 6-1-49 to 6-30·53 Trans. to Park & Rec. Res.William G. StumpExt. Spec., 9·1·51 to 6·30·53 Trans. to Forest ProductsMelvin R. KoellingExt. Spec., 6-1-67 to dateHenry A. HuberExt. Spec., 10-1-68 to dateJ. James KielbasaExt. Spec., 7·1-69 to 8-14·75Randall B. HeiligmannExt. Spec., 1·1·75 to 4·12·78Michael J. WaltencheidtExt. Spec., 3·1·76 to 8·31·78John E. GunterExt. Spec., 6-1·79 to date

Forest Products(Department organized July 1, 1953)

William G. StumpExt. Spec., 7·1·53 to 7·31·55Norman C. HigginsExt. Spec., 10·1·55 to 7·31-61Richard N. JorgensenExt. Spec., 7·1-61 to 12·31-62Henry A. HuberExt. Spec., 4·1-63 to 9·30-68 Trans. to ForestryGeorge VasiliouExt. Spec., 11·1-66 to 7·31-67(Forest Products Department combined with Forestry DepartmentOct. 1, 1968)

Municipal Forestry and ParksWilliam B. LoveParks & Forestry Spec., 7·1·53 to 4·30·56Harold SchickParks & Forestry Spec., 4·1·56 to 11·30·56 Trans. to Park Mgt.(project title changed to Park Management Dec. 1, 1956)

Park ManagementHarold SchickPark Mgt. Spec., 12·1·56 to 10·15·59Arthur T. WilcoxPark Mgt. Spec., 7·1-60 to 9·24-60Louis F. TwardzikPark Mgt. Spec., 9-6-60 to 1·31·69 Trans. to Park & Rec. Res.

256

Park and Recreation Resources(Dept. established Feb. 1, 1969)

Louis F. TwardzikPark & Rec. Res. Spec., 2·1-69 to date Also Dept. ChairmanEugene F. DiceProg. Ldr., Marine Adv. Serv., 2·1-69 to date Sea Grant Prog.Roger D. MurrayPark & Rec. Res. Spec., 9·1-69 to 6-30·76Paul H. RiskEnvironmental Spec., 9·1·70 to 11·30·79Pat D. TaylorPark & Rec. Res. Design Spec., 8-1·72 to 9·24·76Frances H. SmithPark & Rec. Res. Spec., 12·16-73 to 12·31·75Francis M. DomoyPark & Rec. Res. Spec., 9·15·74 to 9·15·78Theodore J. HaskellPark Operation Spec., 12·1·76 to dateGaylan A. RasmussenPark Planning Spec., 12·23·76 to dateRobert Christie-MillParks Spec., 12·1·78 to dateWilliam F. JewellLand Use Spec. 7·1·56 to 10·31·64William J. KimballLand Use Spec., 7·1·59 to 7·31·64Leader, Community Res. Dev., 8·1-64 to 8-31·69Leader, Community Res. Dev., 9·1·69 to 8·31·70 Study leaveCommunity Res. Dev. Spec., 9·1·70 to 9·30·78Community Organization Spec., 10·1·78 to dateCharles E. DoellRes. Dev. Spec., 1·2·62 to 3·19·62Emmanuel T.G.M. Van NieropSoil Conservation Spec., 4·1·63 to 2·29·68George P. GraffSoil Conservation Spec., 6-1·63 to 6·21·68David N. MilsteinCommunity Dev. Spec., 7·1·65 to 6-30·66Eugene F. DiceCommunity Res. Dev. Spec., 3·1·67 to 1·31·69 Trans. to

Park & Rec. Res.John M. PierceLand Use Spec., 6-1·67 to 2·29·68Leighton L. LeightyLand Use Spec., 7·1·68 to dateEckhart DerschSoil Conservation Spec., 9·1·68 to dateDonald J. SchanerSoil Conservation Spec., 8·1·69 to 6·30·73Manfred ThullenCommunity Res. Dev. Spec., 8·16·69 to dateRaymond D. VlasinDept. Chairman, 7·1·71 to 12·31·78 Trans. to Lifelong Ed.Elizabeth B. MoweryCommunity Res. Dev. Spec., 6·1·72 to 6·30·77Donna B. SweenyRes. Dev. Spec., 6·1·72 to dateM. Rupert CutlerNat. Res. Dev. Spec., 2·19·73 to 2·14·77 Trans. to USDARaleigh BarloweNat. Res. Policy Spec., 7·1·74 to dateDaniel A. BronsteinNat. Res. Law Spec., 2·1·76 to 6-30·76Stephen E. TilmannRes. Dev. Spec., 4·1·77 to 6·30·77Barbara M. ArnoldRes. Dev. Spec., 1·1·78 to 6·30·78

Page 267: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Peter KakelaRes. Mgt. Policy Spec., 1-1-78 to date

William EnslinRes. Dev. Spec., 2-1-78 to 6-30-78Thomas EdensEnergy Policy Spec., 9-1-79 to date

Fisheries &. Wildlife(Established July 1, 1950)

Charles ShickWildlife Mgt. Spec., 7-1-50 to 6-30-67 Trans. to DNR

Robert W. George4-H Conservation Spec., II-I-56 to date

Vernie A. KnudsonFisheries & Wildlife Spec., 6-1-66 to 6-30-69Kenneth J. LintonFisheries & Wildlife Spec., 10-1-66 to 6-30-69Ray J. WhiteAquatic Ecology Spec., 8-15·72 to date

Glenn R. DudderarWildlife Ed. Spec., 7-1-73 to date

Charles R. ListonFisheries & Wildlife Spec., 3-1-74 to 6-30-74Daniel R. TalhelmSea Grant Spec., 3-16-75 to date

Hotel, Restaurant and Institutional Management(College of Business)

Robert W. McintoshTourism-Resort Mgt. Spec., 7-1-56 to 6-30-78 Retired

Gladys E. KnightFood Service Spec., 7-1-56 to 6-30-68 Trans. to Inst. Adm.

Clare A. GunnTourism-Resort Spec., 7-1-56 to 3-31-66 Trans. to Land. Arch.

lain T. ChristieU.P. Recreation Proj., 2-1-67 to 12-31-68

Institute for Community Development(Continuing Education)o. Uel BlankAssoc. Dir., 9-1-62 to 5-31-66 CES, Cont. Ed.

(project discontinued June 30, 1973)

Urban Planning &. Landscape ArchitectureOrestes l. GreggExt. Spec., 1-1-27 to 6-30-47 Retired

Clyde E. JonesExt. Spec., 5-1-47 to 3-31-48Joseph T. CoxExt. Spec., 7-1-48 to date

Clare A. GunnExt. Spec., 4-1-66 to 6-30-67

Rural SociologyPaul A. MillerExt. Spec., 6-12-47 to 10-15-54 Trans. to CES Adm.

David G. SteinickeExt. Spec., 6-16-49 to 6-30-55Glen L. TaggartExt. Spec., 10-12-53 to 9-30-56Edward O. MoeExt. Spec., 8-10-55 to 6-30-64Jay W. ArtisExt. Spec., 6-11-56 to 12-31-57 Trans. to Sociology

Christopher E. SowerExt. Spec., I-I-57 to 6-30-68 Trans. to Sociology

Sheldon G. LowryExt. Spec., 7-15-57 to 12-31-67 Trans. to Sociology

Gary KingExt. Spec., 9-1-62 to 8-31-63 Trans. to Sociology

Robert C. AndersonExt. Spec., 7-1-63 to 6-30-65 Trans. to Sociology

(Project discontinued June 30, 1968)

Music(Transferred to Cooperative Extension Service July 1, 1941)

Mary Anne CollingeExt. Spec., 7-1-41 to 8-31-41Elsie T. BarberExt. Spec., 7-1-41 to 8-31-46Mable Olive MilesExt. Spec., 7-1-41 to 6-30-64Mary F. BannanExt. Spec., 9-1-41 to 6-30-44Marie Ann AdlerExt. Spec., 9-1-44 to 6-30-64Wanda V. CookExt. Spec., 7-1-46 to 6-30-70 Retired

Eddie S. MeadowsExt. Spec., 8-1-70 to 8-21-72

Home Economics(College of Home Economics changed to College of Human EcologyJuly 1, 1970)

Edna Viola SmithExt. Spec., 7-1-17 to 8-30-19Clara K. MorrisExt. Spec., 1-24-17 to 11-1-17Jessie M. DeBothExt. Spec., 9-1-17 to 12-31-17 u.P.

Julia PondExt. Spec., 12-4-33 to 8-31-34Helen Ann StrowExt. Spec., 9-15-35 to 3-31-36 Trans. to Prog. Ldr.

Clothing and TextilesHelen ArmsExt. Spec., 10-1-18 to 12-31-22Eunice RyanExt. Spec., 9-16-22 to 7-31-24Agnes S. RichardsonExt. Spec., 9-1-24 to 11-15-26Carrie C. WilliamsExt. Spec., 1-1-25 to 7-15-28Marion R. HoffmanExt. Spec., 9-16-25 to 9-15-26Ruth M. GuentherExt. Spec., 9-20-26 to 6-30-27

257

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----------------

Edna G. GleasonExt. Spec., 1-8-27to 6-30-27Ext. Spec., 9·1·27 to 11·30·27Irene A. TavlorExt. Spec., 9·1·27 to 8-15·35Madred N. GardnerExt. Spec., 12·30-27to 5·31·29Frieda Ann GilmoreExt. Spec., 8-15·28 to 7·31·35Merle RamerExt. Spec., 8-26-29 to 8-31·31Lois HoldergaumExt. Spec., 9·15·34 to 6-30·35Eleanor Mav CramerExt. Spec., 8-15·35 to 8-15·37Mary S. ThompsonExt. Spec., 10·1·35 to 5·31·36Marjorie EastmanExt. Spec., 6-1·36 to 6-30-55 Retired

Helen B. LarmoreExt. Spec., 8·15·37 to 8·31·38Leona MacleodExt. Spec., 9·1·38 to 8-31-45Lola Belle GreenExt. Spec., 9·17-45 to 6-30·58 RetiredFlorence G. RannExt. Spec., 9·1·36 to 3·31·57 Trans. to CES Adm.Bernetta G. KahabkaExt. Spec., 7·1·55 to 6-30·70 Trans. to HEDDorothv ErlerExt. Spec., 10-1·56 to 4·30-61 4·H Prog.Jane Catherine WrennExt. Spec., 8-1·58 to 4·15·59Helena T. PenalisExt. Spec., 10·1·59 to 8-10-62 4·H Prog.Margaret Reed MukherjeeExt. Spec., 7·1-61 to 9·30-64Jean Schubel McClungExt. Spec., 11·1-63 to 9·31-69Judv Y. StamExt. Spec., 10·1-64 to 5-6-66 4·H Prog.Gertrude NvgrenExt. Spec., 9·1-65 to 6-30-67Sue Hundley (Kuehne)Ext. Spec., 9·1-69 to 6-30·70

William H. ManhallExt. Spec., 9·1-61 to 6-30-64(project tide changed to Familv &. Child Science Julv I, 1969)

Family and Child ScienceEugene O. PeisnerExt. Spec., 7·1-63 to dateAnnette H. SchaefferExt. Spec., 10·1-65 to 2·28-69 Trans. to Rural Manpower Crr.Gail L. lmigExt. Spec., 10-1-69to 6-1·70 Trans. to FLE StaffJeanne BrownExt. Spec., 11·1·70 to dateDavid R. lmigExt. Spec., 7·1·71 to 8-31·76Betty GarlickExt. Spec., 3·1·74 to dateJoanne KeithExt. Spec., 9·1·77 to dateNancv B. McGilliardExt. Spec., 1·1·77 to 6-30·77Delores BorlandExt. Spec., 8-15·79 to date

HealthElisabeth L. ParkerExt. Spec., 7·1·17 to 5-6-18Ext. Spec., 8-16-18 to 8-16-19

Community HealthKathleen ShorkevExt. Spec., 10·9·72 to 9·13·73Gloria N. BouteneExt. Spec., 8-1·73 to 11·30-75Sheila June WardExt. Spec., 9·1·73 to 9·15·75Arlinda PerlowExt. Spec., 10-2·74 to 1-4·77Donna K. ManczakExt. Spec., 11·1·74 to 1·30·79

Home ManagementEdna V. Smith

(Department changed to Human Environment and Design Julv I, Ext. Spec., 12·1·20 to 6-30-231970) Ext. Spec., 7·1·25 to 5·31·30 Trans. to CES Adm.

Child Care and TrainingLvdia Ann H. LyndeExt. Spec., 2·1·29 to 2·28-37Florence A. HutchinsonExt. Spec., 5·1·37 to 7·31-40Bertha Ashby (Hess)Ext. Spec., 10-1-40to 12·31·40(project tide changed to Parent Education &. Child DevelopmentJulv I, 1946)

Parent Education and Child DevelopmentLennah K. BackusExt. Spec., 9·1-46 to 6-30-63 RetiredElmer M. KnowlesExt. Spec., 9·1·53 to 8-31·55Ben Neal Ard, Jr.Ext. Spec., 7·1·56 to 4·30-60

258

Marian R. SmithExt. Spec., 10-1·22 to 6-30·25Evelvn TurnerExt. Spec., 1·15·29 to 6-30·35Oona StautzExt. Spec., 9·1·30 to 8-31·32Barbara Van HeubenExt. Spec., 11·15·30 to 12·31·31Julia PondExt. Spec., 9·1·34 to 9·30-46Helen NovesExt. Spec., 8-15·35 to 10·31-42Laura P. DavisExt. Spec., 7·1-43 to 6-7-47o. Cecilia MeverExt. Spec., 1·1-47 to 4·16-55 DeceasedCatherine H. LoveExt. Spec., 1·12-48 to 4·30-48

Page 269: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Lucile KetchumExt. Spec., 1-3-49to 6-30-70 Trans. to Family Ecology

Margaret C. BrowneFarm & Home Dev., 7-1-54 to 9-30-55Coral K. MorrisExt. Spec., 7-1-55 to 8-24-59Eunice A. PardeeFarm & Home Dev., I-I-55 to 6-30-57Ext. Spec., 7-1-57 to 6-30-64 RetiredGeorgianne BakerExt. Spec., 5-1-60 to 9-30-64Barbara FerrarExt. Spec., 7-1-64 to 6-30-70 Trans. to Family Ecology

Anne E. FieldExt. Spec., 1-1-65to 6-30-70 Trans. to Family Ecology

Margaret Jacobson (Bubolz)Ext. Spec., 9-1-65 to 6-30-69 Trans. to Family Child Sci.{Department changed to Family Ecology July 1, 1970)

Home FurnishingsMarion R. HoffmanExt. Spec., 9-16-26 to 8-31-29Gertrude A. ReisExt. Spec., 9-16-29 to 6-30-37Alice McKinneyExt. Spec., 9-1-35 to 9-15-38Wilma B. KeyesExt. Spec., 9-1-37 to 6-30-38Ext. Spec., 8-15-38 to 10-10-38Jessie E. MarionExt. Spec., 10-1-38to 6-30-61 RetiredRuth J. PeckExt. Spec., 11-1-38to 4-30-43Ext. Spec., 5-1-43 to 12-31-44Ext. Spec., 4-15-45 to 10-31-45Ext. Spec., 11-1-45to 8-31-48Alice H. BartlettExt. Spec., 9-1-43 to 4-30-44Ext. Spec., 9-1-44 to 12-31-44

Emergency Farm LaborEmergency Farm Labor

Trans. to CES Adm.

Margaret S. FosterExt. Spec., 9-1-48 to 5-31-51 Trans. to HDAPauline S. McSparranExt. Spec., 10-1-54to 7-31-56June S. GraffExt. Spec., 7-1-56 to 10-31-59M. Patricia KlobeExt. Spec.• 9·15-60 to 6·30·63Margaret A. BoschettiExt. Spec., 9·1·66 to 6-30-70(Project title changed to Human Environment and Design July 1,1970)

Human Environment and Design(Established July 1, 1970)

Bemetta G. KahabkaExt. Spec., 7-1-70 to 6-30-78 RetiredJoanne Thurber (Schultink)Ext. Spec., 7-1-70 to date 4-H Prog.Margaret A. BoschertiExt. Spec., 7-1-70 to dateSue Hundley (Kuehne)Ext. Spec., 7-1-70 to 5-15-71Holly L. SchrankExt. Spec., 3-1-73to 6-30-73Isabel JonesExt. Spec., 2-16-79 to date

Margie GeaslerExt. Spec., 9-1·79 to date 4·H Youth Prog.

Family EcologyAnne E. FieldExt. Spec., 7·1·70 to dateLucile KetchumExt. Spec., 7-1-70 to 6-30-72 RetiredBarbara FerrarExt. Spec., 7·1·70 to 7·31·75 RetiredPatricia M. TengelExt. Spec., 9·1·72 to 8·31·75Lois H. HumphreyAsst. to Dean, Human Ecology, 5·1·74 to 5·30·75Irene A. HathawayExt. Spec., 9·1-74 to date

Foods and Nutrition(College of Home Economics)

Vera GrunerExt. Spec., 6·1·18 to 3·1-19Muriel HopkinsExt. Spec., 9·1·21 to 10·31·23Martha M. HunterExt. Spec., 8-1·24 to 6·30·28Jennie W. WellsExt. Spec., 4·1-27 to 5·31·27Muriel (Dundas) GilbertExt. Spec., 8·8-27 to 5-31-33Clara L. GravesExt. Spec., 8-15·28 to 12·31·28Florence L. BeckerExt. Spec., 8·15·28 to 12-31-29Roberta R. HersheyExt. Spec., 9·1·29 to 8·31·63 RetiredMiriam G. EadsExt. Spec., 9-1-41 to 7·31·44Alice (Hertzler) BartlettExt. Spec., 1-1-42to 3·31·42Vivian (Parsons) Mac FawnExt. Spec., 12·1·44 to 10·31-46M. Faith McAuleyTourism-Resorr Servo Spec., 11·15-45 to 1·1·47 Deceased

Gladys E. KnightTourism-Resort Serv. Spec., 5-1-47 to 6·30·56Spec., Institutional Adm., 7·1·68 to 6·30·70 Trans. to FoodSci.Marie FerreeExt. Spec., 8·1·57 to 9-30·64 Consumer Mkt.

Jennie Day BruffvExt. Spec., 1-1·53 to 7·12·54Anita J. DeanExt. Spec., 7·1·56 to datePortia M. MorrisExt. Spec., 9-1-63 to 9·30·74 Retired

Muriel S. BrinkExt. Spec., 9·21·64 to 5-31-69Marilyn C. MookExt. Spec., 12·1-69 to 6-30·70(Department of Foods & Nutrition combined with Food ScienceJuly 1, 1970)

Food Science and Human Nutrition(Established July 1, 1970)

Alvin RippenExt. Spec., 7-1·60 to 12-31·79 Retired

259

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Nell WebbExt. Spec., 7-1-60 to 2-15-62

Sigmund SchanderlExt. Spec., 11-12-62 to 6-30-64

James PriceExt. Spec., 1-1-63 to 8-31-73

Theodore WiahnetakvExt. Spec., 8-15-68 to date

Clifford L. BedfordExt. Spec., 9-1-69 to 6-30-70

GladV' E. KnightExt. Spec., 7-1-70 to 9-30-70 RetiredMarilyn C. MookExt. Spec., 7-1-70 to 12-31-77

Winifred Hundlev (Kuehne)Ext. Spec., 4-1-74 to 6-30-74

Jo Lynn CunninghamExt. Spec., 9-1-72 to 8-31-73

Jean McFaddenExt. Spec., 9-1-72 to date

Ralph P. OfcarcikExt. Spec., 10-9-72 to 12-13-74

Eates Revnolde, Jr.Ext. Spec., 10-15-73 to 6-30-79

Jeny N. CuhExt. Spec., 7-21-75 to date

Carolyn J. LackevExt. Spec., 7-1-76 to date

Sharon D. KennedvExt. Spec., 12-1-77 to date

Mary E. KenExt. Spec., 12-1-77 to 6-30-78

Carrie HornbvExt. Spec., 4-1-78 to 6-30-78

County Extension StaffALCONA COUNTY

Chris P. JohnsonCAA, 4-1-20 to 6-30-23

Frank E. GreenwoodCAA, 8-1-23 to 3-31-26

Joseph L. HeinnanCAA, 6-1-41 to 5-31-47 wlSchooIcraft; Trans. to DeltaJohn P. CampanaCAA, 11-18-5710 2-28-58CENRA, 3-1-5810 10-31-61CED, 11-1-6110 9-30-65CENRA. 10-1-6510 3-28-66 DeceasedArvid W. NorlinCENRA, 7-1-68 to 2-28-69CED. 3-1-6910 9-1-79 RetiredJohn M. MiddletonCED. 8-15-7910 date

Deborah L. JohnsonEHE. 2-1-7810 11-1-78Linda MastersEHE, 2-1-7910 date

Y. G. T. Rehner4-H, 5-1-18 to 6-30-184-H. 5-1-201010-31-20Alice L. Zeno4-H, 7-1-22 to 10-31-22

Edna Alice B. Braamse4-H, 7-1-2310 11-30-234-H. 7-1-24 to 9-30-24

R. E. PrescottCAA. 5-1-1710 10-31-17 wlloscoCaaper BlumerCAA. 1-1-28 to 7-31-34CAA. 8-1-34 to 11-30-35 wfloscoCAA. 12-1-3510 1-31-56 wlOscodaCAA. 2-1-56 to 2-28-58CEO. 3-1-5810 6-30-62 RetiredWinfield S. HarrisonACAA. 1-13-4110 8-18-41 wlOscodaReuben M. KaarreCEO. 3-19-62 to 9-30-65CENRA. 10-1-65 to 2-29-68 Trans. to OgemawMarshall J. McGuireCENRA, 6-15-68 to 2-28-69csn, 3-1-69 to 9-20-74

George H. BvelichCEO. 2-1-7510 date

Agnes M. GregarekHOA, 5-1-67 to 6·30-67 wlOscodaJanet M. DiehlEHE. 8-15-6810 1-30-70Martha S. MartinEHE, 4-1-70 to 4-30-72

Sharon K. FritzEHE. 5-1-72 to 12-31-75

Kathryn S. EaganEHE, 10-1-76 to 5-31-78

Rebecca R. CounsellorEHE. 8-1-78 to dateWilliam L. Engle4-H, 8-1-53 to 12-31-54

Emerg.Emerg.

wlOscoda Temp.

wlOscoda Temp.Temp.

wlOscoda; Trans. Agnes W. Brown4-H, 5-1-24 to 6-30-24

George F. Biekkola4-H, 7-1-26 to 10-31-26Lin F. Shobalske4-H. 7-1-2710 8-31-274-H, 7-1-2810 9-30-28

Victor C. Vaughan4-H. 5-1-2910 6-30-294-H. 4-1-30 to 6-30-304-H. 5-1-31 to 6-30-31Gladvs Mae Mercier4-H. 9-1-45 to 6-30-46 wlSchoolcraft

Temp.Trans. to Branch

Temp.

Temp.Temp.wlOscoda

Reuben M. Kaarre4-H. 4-1-55 to 9-1·58 wlOscoda; Trans. to KalkaskaRogel' Manning4-H. 10-1-76 to date wl.Alpena. Otsego. Montmorency

Temp.Temp.

ALGER COUNTY

A. L.OlsonCAA. 5-1-17 to 10-31-17 Temp.CAA. 11-19-1710 12-15-19

Fred C. Bernhardt4-H. 7-1-46 to 5-20-51 wlSchoolcrafl; Trans. 10DeltaAllan J. Norden4-H. 9-1-51 to 6-30-52 wlSchoolcraft; Trans. to U.P' Exp. Sta.

260

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ALLEGAN COUNTY

Charles B. CookCAA. 3·1·13 to 2·29·16

Alfred BentallCAA. 4·18·16 to 8·31·22

Clare L. BurtonACAA.11·26·17to6·30·18 Temp.; Emerg.O. I. GreggCAA. 9·16·22 to 12·31·26

Floyd BardenCAA. 1·1·27 to 4·30·27Ralph L. HelmCAA. 5·1·27 to 9· 7·29

Arthur D. MorleyCAA. 9·1·29 to 5·31·58CED. 6·1·58 to 6·30·59 Retired

Raymond T. FloateACAA. 7·1·45 to 5·15·47

William J. MacleanACAA. 10·1·53 to 3·31·55 Trans. to Oceana

Homer N. PattersonACAA. 5·1·55 to 5·31·58CED. 6·1·58 to 1·31· 75 Retired

Alan F. VincentACAA. 7·1·55 to 7·31·55

Albert K. BrownACAA. 12·1·55 to 5·31·58EAA. 6·1·58 to 10·31·62

Marvin E. Heft. Jr.EAA. 1·1·63 to date

George T. MansellEMPA. 9·15·71 to 1·31·75CED. 2·1· 75 to date

Rochelle A. RigterinkHealth Asst .. 2·1· 73 to 11·11· 74

Clare M. MusgroveDFMA. 5·1·63 to 6·30·66 S. W. Mich.; Trans. to Berrien CED

W. Conard SearchDFMA. 10·1·66 to 2·28·67 S. W. Mich.

William W. ThompsonDAA. 4·15·65 to 2·28·69 S. W. Mich., PesticidesDEE. 3·1·69 to 2·26· 73 Deceased

Jennie B. Woodworth WellsHDA. 6·10·18 to 6·30·19 Emerg.HDA. 7·1·20 to 6·30·21 Emerg.Muriel E. Dundas GilbertHDA, 6·16·2210 5·31·24Marion E. H. FinkbeinerHDA. 6·1·24 to 9·30·25

Amanda HillHDA. 10·1·2510 8·31·26Mary E. BullisHDA. 2·1·36 to 1·31-47 wlBarryHDA. 2·1-4710 12·3·63 wlBarry; Retired

Margaret Jane R. SuydamHDA. 4·1·64 10 9·30·65EHE. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69 w/Kent, Ottawa

Shirley C. P. HammanEHE, 7·1·69 to date w/Kent, OttawaF. Earl Haas4·H. 3·11·46 to 12·31·48 ReappointedACAA, 1·1·4910 6·30·50 lAnd useWilliam J. Maclean4·H. 1·1-49 to 9·30·53 Trans. to ACAA

Jack L. Parker4·H. 4·1·54 to 11·30·62 Trans. to Uvingston

Mitchell R. Geasler4·H. 12·1·62 to 12·31·65

Mary E. Rowles4·H. 11·1·67 to 5·15·73

Robert M. Jaskiewicz4·H, 6·15·73 to 10·31·77 Trans. w Bay

John B. Baggott. III4·H, 12·1·77 to 1·31·79Larry L. Johnson4·H. 4·1· 79 to date

ALPENA COUNTY

Harvey G. SmithCAA, Mgt., 7·1·12 to 12·31·15 w/M(mlmorency, Presque Isle

David WoodmanCAA. 3·1·16 to 12·31·17Frank L. TrueCAA. 1·1·18 to 9·3·18

Clyde O. T. ScheetzCAA. 3·1·19to 10·31·22

Colond M. McCraryCAA. 2·1·23 to 2·28·26

Charles H. BlivinCAA, 3·1·26to 7·31·42Ralph TrafeletCAA. 8·1·42 w 6·30·57 Retired

Eric K. EngmanACAA, 3·11·48 w 6·10·48 wlPresque Isle

Frank J. RomanikACAA, 9·1·48 to 1·31·54 wlPresque Isle

Albert NickelsCAA. 7·1·57 w 5·31·58CED. 6·1·58 to 9·30·65EAA. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CED, }·1·69 to 8· 31· 77

Melvin R. MatchettCED, 9·1·77 to date

Alice HertzlerHDA, 9·1·38 to 5·31-41 wlAlcotUl, losco, Oswda

Dorothy ScottHDA. 7·1·41 to 6·30·53 wlAlwTUl, Imco, OscodaFlorence E. ConverseHDA, 7·16·55 to 5·31·58EHE. 6·1·58 to 9·30·65

10·1·65 to 7·15·66 wlAlccma

Susan Kay SchultzEHE, 9·1·68 to 5·31· 71 wlPresque Isle

A. Jane BowerEHE, 8·1· 71 to 12·15· 71 wlPresque Isle

Corrine M. HahnEHE. 4·1· 72 to 2·28· 76 Trans. 10 Manlseee

Kristin A. SorgenfreiEHE, 5·1·72 to 1·30·78

Carol J. GarlitzEHE, 2·1· 78 to 12·31· 78

1·1· 79 to date

T. J. Gaul4·H, 7·16·18 to 8·31·18 Temp.

Glenna McCrary4·H. 9·1·29 to 11·30·31Andrew L. Olson4·H, 11·1·41 to 12·31·44 w/M(mlmorency, Olsego, Presque Isle;

Trans. 10Grand Traverse

Frank J. Romanik4·H. 2·1·5410 8·31·55

Albert H. Nickels4·H, 11·1·55 to 6·30·57 Trans. to CAA

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Donald L. Stormer4·H, 8·1·58 to 9.30·64Gene C. Whaples4·H, 10·1·65 to 8·14·67 Trans. to MonroeRoger E. Manning4·H, 10·1·67 to date wlAlcona, Montmorenc" Otsego

ANTRIM COUNTY

RoDin D. BaileyCAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31·17 w/Montmorenc" Otsego; Temp., Emerg.Willard C. CribbsCAA, 1·1·18 to 8·30·19 Emerg.Leon L. DrakeCAA, 1·16·20 to 12·31·24CAA, 10·1·21 to 12·31·22 w/KalkaskaDon B. JewellCAA, 1·23·25 to 3·15·27Philip E. HeimCAA, 8·1·27 to 12·31·28Kenneth OusterhoutCAA, 1·1·29 to 12·31·37Walter G. KirkpatrickCAA, 1·1·38 to 2·28·58CEO, 3·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 12·31·67 RetiredKarl E. LarsonCAA, 1·1·68 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 5·31·73 RetiredBurton J. StanleyCEO, 6·1· 73 to dateGlenn A. KoleDFMA, 2·1· 79 to date N. W. Mich.Virginia Vogt VanceHDA, 6·16-47 to 6·30·51 w/Craw/ord, KalkaskaAlice Carris RaberHDA, 7·1·51 to 8·31·52 wICraw/ord, KalkaskaMary B. Van AllsburgHDA, 8·16·53 to 8·14·55 wICraw/ord, Kalkaska; Trans. to ChitJPewa

Marlene C. CaszattEHE, 3·1·72 to 12·31·75 w/Benzje, Charlelloix, Grand Trallerse,

Kalkaska, LeelanauEHE, 1·1·76 to date w/Charlel!oix, KalkaskaJohn H. Rayle4·H, 9·1·17 to 10·31·17Orville F. Walker4·H, 1·1·36 to 5·31·42 w/Charlel!oix, Cheoo,gan, Emmet4·H, 12·15·46 to 7·31·48 w/Craw/ord, KalkaskaRobert W. Ries4·H, 8·1·43 to 12·31·44 w/BenVe, Grand Trallerse, LeelanauQuentin R. Ostrander4·H, 1·1·49 to 6·30·53 w/Craw/ord, Kalkaska; Trans. to TuscolaBenjamin C. Porter4·H, 3·1·54 to 2·29·56 wICraw/ord, KalkaskaFred J. Riley4·H, 6·1·56 to 9·30·59Duane D. Patrick4·H, 6·10·60 to 1·31·63 Trans. to GratiotGerald A. Geurink4·H, 6·10·63 to 5·15·64

ARENAC COUNTY

R. D. Harrison, Jr.CAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31·17CAA, 11·26·17 to 6·30·18 w/Ba'YLewis J. CarterCAA, 5·1·23 to 5·31·26

262

James M. GorslineCAA, 1·1·30 to 7·31·39Calvin M. MeredithCAA, 8·1·39 to 9.30·45Paul R. PennockCAA, 2·1·46 to 2·28·58CED, 3·1·58 to 11·30·59 Trans. to GladwinJohn C. PostCED, 5·1·60 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 12·31·68Russell N. HowesCED, 3·1·69 to dateUemma M. LenehanHDA, 6·20·54 to 10·31·59EHE, 11·1·59 to 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·65 to 2·27·67EHE, 2·28·67 to 6·30·68EHE, 7·1·68 to 6·30·69

wflosco, Ogemaw, Oscodaw/Ogemaw, lasco

Sick lealle; disabilil'YretirementMary B. PetersEHE, 11·1·68 to 11·30·70Susan B. SmalleyEHE, 12·1·70 to 5·31·72

wflosco, Ogemaw; Trans. to livingston

wflosco, Ogemaw; Trans. to LenaweeHelen B. MeachEHE, 6·1·72 to 10·31·74 Retired

Diann JenkinsEHE, 1·1·76 to 6·30·76 w/GladwinLemuel H. Rhoades4·H, 11·1·35 to 2·29·44 wlA/cona, losco, OgemawWalter B. Bradley4·H, 2·21·44 to 5·31·44 wflosco, OgemawAlfred G. Hakola4·H, 7·1·44 to 9·30·48 wflasco, OgemawAlvin F. Root4·H, 11·1·49 to 8·31·51 w/Ogemaw; Trans. to ShiawasseeJay E. Laarman4·H, 9·1·51 to 7·19·52 w/OgemawJunior E. Malosh4·H, 10·1·65 to 9·20· 70 wflasco, Ogemaw, OscodaJudith L. Place4·H, 9·21·70 to 3·14·73 wflasco, Ogemaw; Trans. to U.P.Retha M. Hankey4·H, 7·1·73 to 1·20·75 wflasco, Ogemaw; Trans. toMSUFranklin W. Kapp4·H, 10·1·76 to date wflasco, Ogemaw, OKoda

BARAGA COUNTY

Irving KirshmanCAA, 3·11·18 to 11·30·19Lester V. BenjaminCAA, 4·1·20 to 5·31·22George F. BiekkolaCAA, 1·1·31 to 2·28·58CED, 3·1·58 to 9·30·65 RetiredAugult F. BlomeCENRA, 10·1·65 to 1·31·66Richard BreyerCENRA, 7·15·66 to 2·28·69CED, 3·1·69 to 7·31· 73 Trans. to MenomineeJames KrenekCED, 8·1·73 to datePearl E. JacobsonHDA, 6·9·47 to 6·30·48Ella I. ElvinHDA, 10·1·48 to 3·31·53Marilyn V. Kiefer CumminsHDA, 1·4·54 to 9·14·54

Page 273: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Frances G. Bellamy BakerEHE, 4-1-5910 3-31-60 Also 4-H

Mary Lou MoyleEHE, 7-1-63 w 7-30-65Grace M. VillwockEHE, 1-1-6610 9-30-66

Nancy B. BurtonEHE, 3-1-6810 10-31-74Alba Stenson4-H, 5-1-201010-31-204-H, 7-1-22 to 12-31-22

Temp.Temp.

Ingrid C. Mattson4-H, 7-1-35 [09-30-35

Elwood Little4-H, 7-1-43 [0 9-30-43

Reino Turunen4-H, 7-1-46[011-9-46

Wallace A. Keskitalo4-H, 4-1-47 [09-30-48

Frank L. Degenaer4-H, 10-15-48 w 2-9-51Douglas S. Turini4-H, 6-11-51 w 12-31-53Taisto E. Harkonen4-H. 7-1-56w 9-15-58

James R. Dompier4-H. 1-24-77 w date wlGogebic. Ontonagon. Houglltlm. Keweenaw

Temp.

Temp.

w/H{)ugh!lm. Keweenau,'

Trans. to Houghtrm

wlMarquette

wlMarquette; Trans. w Marquette

BARRY COUNTY

Roy G. BrummCAA, 5-1-17 w 10-31-17CAA. 12-12-17 to 12-31-18

Russell V. TannerCAA, 1-11-19w 4-15-20

Frank W. BennettCAA. 4-5-20to 3-31-25

Paul J. RoodCAA. 4-1-25 w 6-30-30Harold John FosterCAA, 6-10- 30 w 4- 30-47

Loren S. ArmbrusterCAA, 7-15-47 w 4-30-49Arthur J. SteebyCAA, 7-1-49 w 2-28-58CED, 3-1-58 w 2-28-77 Retired

Temp.Deceased

Doris J. RichardsonCED, 3-1-77 w date

Bruce H. BeanEAA, 3-1-63 w 2-28-69O. Clark Miller, Jr.EAA. 3-1-69w 9-11-70

James W. PelhamEAA, 3-1-71 w 7-31-73 Trans. toConwn

G. Eldon BowersEAA, 10-1-73 w 8-1-77 Twns. [0 LuceRonald L. DingersonEAA. 9-1-77 [0 date

John E. GergenCAA, 6-12-78 w date

Mary E. BullisHDA, 2-1-36w 1-31-47 Trans. wAlleganM. La Verne Trevarrow SchluttHDA, 2-1-48 w 6-30-53Barbara Ingall JohnsonHDA, 7-1-53 [0 6-30-55

Martha L. KuhnHDA, 7-1-55 to 3-31-58

4-1-58 to 9-30-65EHE, 10-1-65 to 7-25-74 wllonia, Montcalm; DeceasedDoris J. RichardsonEHE, 1-1-75 to 2-28-77 Trans. w CEDGrover C. White4-H, 11-1-17 w 1-31-18 Temp.Frank C. Brown4-H, 4-1-18 to 9-30-18 Temp.L. Goldie Benham4-H, 3-1-23 [0 6-30-23 Temp.Harriett Wilder Shaver4-H, 11-1-27 to 11-15-27 Temp.Beatrice C. Boyle4-H, 1-1-28 w 9-5-31F. Earl Haas4-H, 1I-1-35w 10-7-41 wlAllegan. Ottawa. Kent

O. Raymond Lamb4-H, 11-1-45 [01-15-49 Trans. to WayneEdward F. Schlutt4-H, 6-16-49[0 12-31-56

William P. Kirkpatrick4-H, 8-1-56 to 1-31-76 Retired

Lucille A. Slinger4-H, 12-1-77 w date

BAY COUNTY

R. D. Harrison, Jr.CAA, 5-1-17 [010-31-17

11-26-17 to 6-30-18 wlArenacWilliam E. McCarthyCAA, 1-1-27 to 12-31-50 Retired

Carl J. HansonCAA, I-I-51 [0 2-28-58CED, 3-1-58 [0 9-30-65CAA, 10-1-65 [02-28-69CED, 3-1-6910 8-31-78 Retired

Mary E. WahlCED, 9-1-78 to date

Lyle B. ThompsonCAA, 1-1-64 [03-31-68 Trans. w Sr. ClairCecil F. KerrACAA, 7-1-54 to 10-14-55Russell N. HowesACAA, I-I-56 w 4-30-63DFMA, 5-1-63 w 2-28-69 E. Central Disi., Trans. w ArenacSamuel J. WoodsEAA, 2-23-70w 8-31-71Harold D. RougetEAA, 1-1-72 w 8-31-77DAA, 9-15- 77 w date

Warren L. SchauerEAA, 5-1-79 to date

Quentin R. OstranderDMA, 1-1-59w 6-30-76 Retired

Harriet Haskell HaulikHDA. 10-20-47 to 6-30-53

Alice Louise GrossmeyerHDA. 7-1-53 to ll-J7-57 DeceasedMary Lee KayEHE, 1-1-59w 8-5-60

Audrey E. O'MearaEHE, 9-1-60w 8-31-65

Mary E. WahlEHE, 1-1-69 w 8-31-78 wlMidland, Saginaw; Trans. to CED

263

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BERRIEN COUNTYElizabeth M. SzymanskiEHE. 11·1·78 10dateGeorge W. Gilbert4·H. 10·1·1710 1·3·18

George E. Butterfield4·H. 4·1·1810 9·30·184·H. 4·1·22 to 12·30·22

Temp.Harry Joseph LurkinsCAA. 5·1·1610 5·31·20CAA. 6·13·2710 9·30·45 Retired

Don Albert MeekerACAA. 9·10·1710 12·1·17

Frank L. SimantonCAA. 6·16-2010 4·30·27

DeForest C. AldermanACAA. 3·1-4210 6·30·43Leslie A. ZiDmanACAA. 7·1·43 to 4·30·45CAA. 5·1·4510 1·24·48

John D. JohnsonCAA. 4·1·4810 3·31·53Clifford F. ConradACAA. 4·1·4810 2·28·58EAA. 3·1·5810 9·30·65EAA. 10·1·65 to 12·30·66 Retired

James P. HoekzemaCAA. 6·15·53 to 2·28·58CED. 3·1·5810 5·7·58 DeceasedCharles J. McCarthyACAA. 7·1·53 to 11·6·54

Forest R. BrushACAA. 10·1·54 to 11·15·57Donald L. EppelhelmerCED. 4·1·59 to 8·15·60

Frank A. MadaskiCED. 8·1·60 10 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·6510 6·30·66 Trans. to CES Adm.Clare M. MusgroveCAA. 7·1·66 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to date

James E. NeibauerEAA. 9·1·6710 date

Theodore C. StebbinsDHA. 7·1·46 to 1·31·47 Berrien AreaJerry H. MandigoDHA. 3·1·48 to 4·17·60 Berrien Area; DeceasedMunns A. CaldweDEHA. 5·1·5810 12·6·64

Harvey J. BelterEHA. 8·13·6210 date

Ruford F. BittnerDMA. 7·1·54 to 10·24·60 wNan Buren; DeceasedGlenG. AndeDMA. 6·1·61 to date wNan Buren; S. W. Mich.Glenn W. SommerfeldtERDA. 7·1·59 to 12·31·61 Trans. 10MuskegonBessie TurnerHDA. 6·16-1810 9·30·19

Edna J. Roosa DeoHOA. 8·30·45 to 6·15·47Ina RedmanHOA. 6·16·4710 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 6·30·71 w/Cass, Van Buren; Retired

Laurel Beth HornakEHE. 9·1·69 to 12·31· 70Marilyn K. Schultz MannEHE. 6·1·7110 6·12·72 w/Cass, Van BurenEDen P. DeFayEHE. 7·1·7110 12·31·72 w/Cass. Van BurenMarion J. CaldwellEHE. 7·24· 72 to 11·12· 73 w/Cass, Van BurenMary Snow SearchEHE, 7·1· 7310 date

Temp.Temp.

Clayton R. Garlock4·H, 6·6·18 to 8·31·18 Temp.Howard D. Parish4·H. 4·1·3510 2·1·42 wlHuron. Sanilac, TuscolaGould S. Pinney4·H. 1·1·4710 9·30·654·H. 10·1·65 to 7·1· 74 wlMidland, Saginaw; Retired

Ricky David Meyen4·H. 7·1·7510 9·19·77Robert M. Jaskiewicz4·H. 11·1·7710 date

BENZIE COUNTY

A. W. MebertCAA. 5·1·1710 10·31·17 wlLeelanauRobert A. WtleyCAA. 5·2·1810 2·15·19 wlLeelanauJames KrakerCAA. 1·21·19 to 4·15·24Edward HammondCAA. 1·1·29 to 2·29·32 Trans. 10TuscolaDon Beebe JeweDCAA. 3·1·3210 9·30·45 wlLeelanau; RetiredCharles E. TwigCAA. 11·1·4510 2·28·58CED. 3·1·5810 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·6510 6·30·67 Retired

Norman Joe BrownCAA, 10·1·68 to 2·28·69 ReappointmentCED, 3·1·69 to 9·1· 73 Trans. to OttawaJeanette B. ShadkoCEO, 1·1·7410 7·1·75 Retired

Marion K. MaxonCEO. 9·1·75 to 1·1· 77 RetiredMary B. PetersCEO. 3·21· 77 10date

laVerne A. NormanEAA. 5·1·7410 date Also Resource Dell.

Norma BarrHOA. 10·1·3510 7·31·37 wlGTand Trallerse. Leelanau, ManisteeElizabeth KriegerHDA. 8·1·37 to 7·9·38 wlGTand Trallerse, Leelanau. Manistee

Lawain ChurchiUHDA. 8·1·38 to 4·5·41 wIGrand Trallerse. Leelanau. Manistee

Betty EDen DehnHOA, 7·1·4110 8·10·43 wIGrand Trallerse, Leelanau, Manistee

Lowena Ludlow MurphyHDA. 11·1·43 to 1·19·47 wlGTand Trallerse, Leelanau;

Trans. to EHE At·large

Edna AlsupHDA. 8·1·47 to 6·30·53 wlGTand Trallerse. Leelanau;

Trans. to LeelanauRuth F. HunsbergerHDA, 9·16·5310 6·30·54 Trans. 10Grand Trallerse

Jeanette B. ShadkoHDA. 10·1·54 to 7·31·58EHE. 8·1·5810 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·65 to 12·31· 73 Trans. 10CED

264

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CALHOUN COUNTY

Ellen E. ScarlettEHE. 4-1-76 to 9-15-78

Sandra C. StewardEHE. 12-28- 78 to date

Paul J. Rood4-H. 5-1-18 to 7-31-194-H, 7-1-19 to 7-31-19

wlCass, Van BurenKathryn S. EaganEHE, 6-1-78 to dateVivaOsbom4-H. 2-1-18 to 9-30-184-H, 5-1-20 to 6·30·204·H, 7·1·21 to 10·31·23

Donald L. Eppelheimer4-H, 2·1·46 to 1·31-50 Trans. to HillsdaleRalph E. Kirch, Jr.4-H, 6·16-50 to 2-28·53 Trans. to Kent

James L. Crosby4·H, 7·1·53 to 10-31·55 Trans. to LapeerMarvin M. Eppelheimer4-H, 12·1·55 to 2-28·65 Trans. to NewaygoGene C. Whaples4·H, 8-1-65 to 9-30-65 Trans. to AlpenaHarold D. Rouget4-H, 11·1·68 to 3-17-70 wlCalJlOun, Hillsdale, Jack.!on

Gerald L. Nyberg4-H, 7·1·70 to 5·31· 73 wICa/houn, Hillsdale, Jack.!on; Trans. to MacombDale H. Brose4-H, 7·1-73 to 12-31· 774-H, 1·1·78 to 2·1· 78 wlCalhoun, Hillsdale; Trans. to MonroeDouglas J. Jardine4-H, 2·1· 78 to 11-1·79 Trans. to State 4-H Staff

Temp.Temp.

John D. Johnson4-H, 7·15-45 to 3-31·48 Trans. to CAA

Leonard J. Hill4·H, 7·1-48 to 3-19-55 Trans. to Van BurenBruce C. Kell4·H, 6·16-55 to 6·30-57

Flora A. Koetsier4·H, 7·1·56 to 10·31-57

Maurice C. Roberts4·H. 1·1·58 to 3·31·65Mary Louise F. Abbott4·H, 7-1·60 to 2·28-62

Anthony F. Korican4-H, 7·1·65 to 9·30·654·H, 10·1·65 to 9·30·66 wlCass, Van BurenLaurence A. Cushman, Jr.4·H, 3·15·67 to dateMichael J. Tate4·H, 11·1·72 to 6·1·76 Trans. toMSUHenry O. Allen4·H, 8·1-76 to date Ellsworth B. More

CAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31·17CAA, 12·12-17 to 9·21·18CAA, 3·16·19 to 4·1·19

Herbet G. ClothierCAA. 11·15·18 to 2·15-19

Paul Clark JamiesonCAA, 4-16·19 to 7·15·21

Raymond M. RolandCAA, 7-8·21 to 12·31·22

Bishop B. AdamsCAA, 3·1·23 to 12·31·24

E. Charles SackriderCAA, 1-1-29 to 2·28-30 Trans. to MSULeon H. RobbinsCAA, 3·1·30 to 5·31·31

Ralph L. HelmCAA, 6·1·31 to 6·30·48 RetiredElmer L. DeoACAA, 1·1·41 to 9·30-41

Burrell E. HenryCAA, 8·1·48 to 2-28-58CEO, 3·1-58 to 4-23·64 DeceasedLouie WebbTwp. EAA, 7·1·53 to 6·30-58 Twp. Program

7·1-58 to 11·30-61 Trans. to /sabellaWarren J. CookACAA, 9·1·54 to 1·31·56 Trans. to OscodaDonald R. RoweCAA, 3-1·62 to 4·30·64CEO, 5·1-64 to 9-30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 12·31-73 RetiredWilliam G. PlummerCEO, 2·1· 74 to dateJackson H. AndersonCAA, 7·1·64 to 9·30·65EAA, 10·1·65 to 12·31-67EAA, 1·1·68 to 8-2· 76 wlBranch, Hillsdale, Jack.!on

Boyd C. WigginsOEL·RO, 10-1·67 to date wIS. W Mich.

BRANCH COUNTY

Julius W. ChapinCAA, 4·1·13 to 5·15·16Claude L. NashCAA, 7·1·16 to 6-30·23

C. Ward AndrewsCAA, 8·1·23 to 1·31-29 Trans. to MonroeGordon R. SchlubatisCAA, 2·1·29 to 1·31·53CAA. 2-1·54 to 10·31·56CAA, 11·1·56 to 10·31·58 Foreign leave; RetiredDuncan G. LietchCAA, 1·1-52 to 11·30·53Boyd C. WigginsCAA, 12-17-56 to 2·28·58CEO, 3·1·58 to 9·30·65EAA, 10·1·65 to 9·1·67

Paul W. ThompsonEAA, 2·11·63 to 1·31-66CAA, 2·1·66 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1-69 to dateDale C. BrownEAA, 10-1·76 to date wlCalhoun, Hillsdale. Jack.!on

Alta CottinghamHOA, 11·1·35 to 9·30-37

Estelle M. NelsonHOA, 10·1·37 to 4·30·39

Norma Streeter HudsonHOA. 9-1·39 to 12·31·45

Grace Hawken GermanHOA, 2·1·46 to 9·15-46

Luella Schrier HamiltonHOA, 7·1-47 to 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 6·16·68 Military leaveJeanne ConverseEHE, 8·15·66 to 9·30· 78 w/Hillsdale, St. Joseph;

wlCalhoun, Hillsdale. St. Joseph

265

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James Stephen SwartArea Crops Agr., 12·1·78 to date wlBranch, Hillsdale, JacksonCatherine C. HallockHDA. 1·1·36 to 6·15·38Gladys Pauline BondHDA, 7·1·38 to 9·10·40

Therese Scudder TordtHDA, 9·15·40 to 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·5810 12·31·62 Retired

Lynne Marie MorencyHDA, 7·1·56 to 1·31·57

Sally Shirley SchlerethHDA, 7·1·57 to 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 9·12-58

Lana G. DartEHE, 7·1·59 to 12·31·61 w14·H ClubElizabeth B. MoweryEHE, 2·1·63 to 9·30·65

11·1·68 to 8·31· 70 wlBranch. HiUsdaIe. Jackson8· 31· 71 Study leave

Lynn Marie HansenEHE, 8·17·70 to 12·22·72 wlBranch. HiUsdale. JacksonJanice Kay HartoughEHE, 12·1·72 to date wlBranch. Hillsdale. JacksonCharles E. Ackley4·H. 9·1·17 to 10·31·174·H. 1·1·18 to 1·31·184·H. 1·1·21 to 2·28·22

Donald A. Lusch4·H, 7·1·76 to 12·31·774·H, 1·1·78 to date wlBranch. Hillsdale

CASS COUNTY

Temp.

W. D. JonesCAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31:17

David WoodmanCAA, 1·1·18 to 4·30·20

Carl KidmanCAA, 5·1·20 to 3·14·21

Emil Leo KunzeCAA, 6·1·21 to 8·15·23

Claude L. NashCAA, 8·16·23 to 4·5·25 Trans. to St. ClairHarold H. BarnumCAA, 4·6·25 to 4·15·29 Trans. to InghamLynn PostCAA, 4·9·29 to 1·1·32

George S. McIntyreCAA, 2·8·32 to 9·15·40 Trans. to U.P.Elmer L. DeoACAA. 5·1·39 to 2·14·40

Ruford F. BittnerCAA, 10·1·40106·30·54Harold L. SparksCAA, 7·1·54 to 5·31·59CED, 6·1·5910 1·31·65Marvin W. AbbottCAA. 6·15·60 to 8·14·60

Harvey J. BelterCAA, 8·15·60 to 8·12·62

Temp.Temp.

Trans. to Bemen

Lucia Converse4·H. 4·1·18 to 10·31·18

Frank Davis4·H. 4·17·1810 6·30·18Margaret Hutty4·H. 7·1·1810 9·30·18

Edith Gabriel4·H. 7·16·1810 8·31·18

H. F. Herrod4·H. 5·16·2010 10·31·20William C. Boman4·H. 3·1·22 to 2·28·25

E. C. Sackrider4·H. 4·1·25 to 12·31·28

Ruth K. Sackrider4·H. 1·15·2910 12·31·30Alice Osborn Bates4·H. 1·1·3110 12·31·35

Retired

Temp.Trans. to Berrien

Temp. Paul W. ThompsonCAA, 9·1·6210 2·10·63Richard A. SchroederCAA. 7·1·65102·20·66

Frederic C. SackriderCAA, 2·21·66 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to 6·30·74

G. Wayne HothemCEO, 9·1· 74 to 9·30· 78EAA. 10·1·79 to dateLois F. MarshCED. 10·1·7810 9·30· 79CED. 10·1·7910 date

E. Dale PurkhiserEAA. 2·1·6710 date wlBenien. Kalamazoo. St. Joseph. Van Buren

Trans. 10 BranchTemp.

Temp.

Trans. to CES Adm.

Trans. to CAA

ActingCED

Trans. 10MSUBurrell E. Henry4·H. 2·1·3610 7·31·48 Trans. to CAA

Maurice E. Hubble4·H, 12·20·48 to 5·15·50

Maurice L. Hill4·H, 6·1·5010 12·31·51 Reappointed

Nelson D. Cushman4·H. 3·1·52 to 2·28·58 Trans. 10 SchoolcraflHugh S. Mortimer4·H. 3·1·5810 8·5·63L. Carolyn Kerber4·H. 6·1·6210 7·31·67

Keith R. Miller4·H, 10·21·6310 9·20·65Charles L. Lang4·H. 8·1·67 to 12·31·71 Trans. to Stale 4·H StaffJohn C. Garn4·H. 1·1·72 to 2·21· 73

Garth H. Holmquist4·H. 7·1·7310 9·15· 75

Eva CarrettHDA. 11·1·1810 11·15·19

Alta C. McMurrayHDA, 10·1·43 to 12·31·45 wISt. JosephAgnes M. GregarekHDA, 1·1·45105·31·59EHE. 6·1·5910 4·30·67 wlBenien, Van Buren

Lois F. MarshEHE. 12·1·7010 10·1· 78 Trans. to CEDHenry C. Gleason4·H, 11·1·3510 4·30·38 wlBenien. St. Joseph, Van BurenRuford F. Bittner4·H, 8·1·3810 9·30·40 wlBenien, St. Joseph, Van BurenCarl H. Moore4·H. 10·16·40107·1·41 wlBenien, Van BurenHarold L. Sparks4·H, 7·1·41106·14·45 wlBenien, Van Buren4·H, 6·15·45 to 12·31·45 Military leave4·H, 1·1·46 to 6·14·48 wISt. Joseph4·H, 6·15·4810 6·30·54 Trans. 10CAA

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Charles R. Kapnick4-H. 6-13-54 to 9-30-544-H. lO-I-54 to 8-31-57 Military leave

Victor Alan Jones4-H. 11-16-54 to 10-15-574-H. 10-16-57 to lO-15-58 Study leave

Robert Avery Young4-H. 11-1-57 to 1-31-60

Loren Benton Young4-H. 3-1-60 to 3-31-60

Marvin W. Abbott4-H. 8-15-60 to 5-15-614-H. 5-16-61 to 5-15-63 Military leave

Mitchell R. Geasler4-H. 6-11-62 to 11-30-62 Tram. to AUegan

John H. Worthington4-H. 9-1-65 to lO-31-67 wlBerrien, Van Buren; Tram. to Clare

G. Wayne Hothem4-H. 3-18-68 to 8-31-74 wlBerrien, Van Buren; Tram. to CEO

Thomas J. Walton4-H. 1-20-75 to 5-22-77 wlBerrien, St. Joseph, Van Buren

Nancy E. Smith4-H. 11-1-77 to 11-20-78 wlBerrien, Van Buren

Ronald E. Pletcher4-H, 2-9-79 to date wlBerrien, Van Buren

CHARLEVOIX COUNTY

George A. KilbornCAA. 5-1-77 to lO-31-77 wlEmmet

Clinton F. SmithCAA. 3-2-18 to 2-15-19

Cliff Waldron WingCAA. 4-16-19 to 12-31-21

Beryl Otto HagermanCAA. 4-1-22 to 5-31-24

Burton C. MellencampCAA. 6-1-24 to 7-14-45 Tram. to Isabella

Winfield S. HarrisonACAA. 2-15-40 to 1-12-41 Land Use Planning

Edward F. RebmanCAA. 9-1-45 to 7-31-58CED. 8-1-58 to 9-30-65CENRA. lO-I-65 to 2-28-69CEO. 3-1-69 to date

Emma J. Fero ReinboldHOA. 7-1-45 to 6-30-56 wlCheboygan, Emmet

Clare Wade BrownHOA. 7-1-56 to 7-31-58EHE. 8-1- 58 to 9-30-65 Tram. to Clare

Mary Luttinen PierceEHE. 9-21-70 to 10-31-73 wlCheboygan. Emmet

Mattie B. Smith4-H. 6-1-18 to 10-31-18

Ralph H. Sill4-H. 8-1-18 to 9-30-18

Bernice H. Fowler4-H. 8-1-18 to 8-31-18

A. F. Speltz4-H. 7-1-20 to 12-31-20

Clare A. Rood4-H. 6-1-42 to 11-15-42 wlAntrim. Cheboygan, Emmet

Karl C. Festerling4-H. 11-1-42 to 6-30-56 wlAntrim, Cheboygan; Tram. to Emmet

CHEBOYGAN COUNTY

Carl Henry KnopfCAA. 12-1-15 to 12-31-17

Ira Benone McMurtryCAA. 1-22-18 to 10-31-20

Don Beebe JewellCAA. 2-15-21 to 12-31-23

Paul Moore BarrettCAA. 1-1-29 to 12-31-36 Tram. to MSU Staff

Albert A. GriffithCAA, 1-1-37 to 4-15-43 Tram. to Icmia

John Tuttle StoneCAA. 4-15-43 to 8-14-44CAA. 8-15-44 to 2-1-46 Military leave; Tram. to Livingston

Harold G. SellersCAA, 10-20-44 to 11-15-47

Edmond W. AlchinCAA. 12-1-47 to 3-31-49 Tram. to Oakland

Edgar C. KiddCAA. 6-16-49 to 8-31-59 Tram. to Wayne

Richard M. KirchCEO. 9-1-59to 9-30-65CENRA. 10-1-65 to 2-28-69CEO. 3-1-69 to 1-31-70 Tram. to Osceola

Emil FimbingerCED. 5-15-70 to date

Robert S. LincolnDMA. 7-1-55 to 12-31-55 wlEmmet

Joseph L. HarringtonDMA. 3-1-56 to 7-31-57 wlEmmet

John K. BrayDMA. 9-1-58 to 7-31-59 wlEmmet

Orville F. WalkerDMA. 11-15-5910 7-31-64 wlOtsego

John B. HodgeOCRDA. 1-1-61 to 9-30-65 wlEmmet

Emma Jane FeroHDA. 6-1-44 to 9-29-51 wlEmmet

Emma Fero ReinboldHDA. 9-30-51 to 6-30-53 Tram. to Emmet

Joyce Irene EngleHDA. 9-1-53 to 8-31-54 wlOtsego

Julia B. SaigeonHDA. 11-1-54 to 3-31-57 wlOtsego

Bonnie M. HamlinHDA. 4-1-57 to 10-31-59EHE.11-1-59todate wlEmmet

Ruth E. Wheaton4-H. 4-1-18 to 11-30-19

Ann Rosale Banks4-H, 1-16-20 to 12-15-23

Lester V. Benjamin4-H. 6-15-26 to 10-10-30 wlOtsego

Mary Hord4-H. 11-1-30 to 9-30-32 wlOtsego

Orville F. Walker4-H. 1-1-36 to 5-31-42 wlAntrim; Tram. to U. P.

Clare A. Rood4-H. 6-1-42 to 11-15-42 wlCharlevoix

Karl C. Festerling4-H. 11-1-42 to 12-31-44 wlCharlevoix

Claude M. Elmore4-H. 2-1-45 to 6-30-46 wlPresque Isle

George K. Johnson4-H. 12-1-48 to 6-30-54 w/Mcmtmorency, Otsego

267

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CLARE COUNTYJohn C. Post4·H. 7·1·54 to 3·31-57 wlMolllmorenc:Y. Otsego; Tram, to GratiotKeith Lamkin4·H. 6-24·67 to 10·31·72 wlEmmet; Tram, to Emmet

CHIPPEWA COUNTY

Emil Leo KunzeCAA. 6·11·17 to 5·30·21

Tracey Roy ShaneCAA. 8·1·21 to 1·31·22

Duncan LMcMillanCAA. 4·1·24 to 7·31·44 RearedLyleB.AbelCAA. 7·1-44 to 11·19·54WllIard A. CurlerACAA. 1·15·46 to 2·29·48Karl E. LarsonCAA. 1·1·55 to 9·30·65EAA. 10·1·65 to 12·31·67 Tram, to AntrimRobert W. McCroryEAA. 1·1·68 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 to 5·31·70James M. HutchinsonCEO. 6-8· 70 to 6·30· 78 Tram, to Lapeer

Carl F. StephensCEO. 1·1·79 to date

Helen C. PrattHOA. 3·16·18 to 4·15·22

Ingrid 1. 'IervonenHOA. 8·1·47 to 8·14·49Bernice M. laFreniereHOA. 8·15·49 to 7·31·55Mary B. Van AllsburgHOA. 8·15·55 to 5·31·58EHE. 6·1·58 to 12·15·59Lois K. NessethEHE. 6-15·60 to 8·17·62

Lylas Dorine DawsonEHE. 1·1·63 to 1·8·65 wlMackinacGail L ImigEHE. 7·1·65 to 6·11·67 wfLuce. Mackinac; Tram, to Manistee

Elizabeth MillerEHE. 2·1·70 to date wfLuce. MackinacGuy C. Gamble4·H. 5·1·18 to 8·31·18Tracey Roy Shane4·H. 5·1·20 to 12·31·20

Florence E. English4·H. 7·1·25 to 9·30·25Corrine Ormiston White4·H. 1·7·29 to 3·31·34Beatrice C. Boyle4·H. 4·1·34 to 12·31·35 Tram, to State 4·H StaffMary Olive Richmond4·H. 2·1·36 to 9·15·43Irene B. Hungerford4·H. 2·1·44 to 2·28·46Karl E. Lanon4·H. 2·25·46 to 12·31·50 Tram, to CMArvid W. Norlin4·H. 1·1·51 to 9·30·654·H. 10·1·65 to 6·30·68 wfLuce. Mackinac; Tram, to AlgerJo McTtver Sharp4·H. 7·15·68 to 10·31·70 wfLuce. MackinacFrederick A. Clinton4·H.9·1·70to3.31·71 wfLuce. Mackinac

268

W. J. KennedyCAA. 5·1·17 to 10·31·17CAA. 12·18·17 to 6-30·18

Paul D. GibsonCAA. 8·15·28 to 6·30·57 RetiredRichard A. SchroederCAA. 7·1·57 to 7·31·58CEO. 8·1·58 to 1·4·63CEO. 1·5-63 to 6·30·65 Leave. AfricaGeorge C. MacQueenCEO. 5·1·63 to 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 to 2·28·75 RetiredLynn D. GouldCEO. 4·1· 75 to date

Roy SpanglerEMPA. 1·1·73 to 9·30· 74 wIGladwin; Tram, to ShiawasseeEstelle M. NelsonHOA. 10·1·35 to 9·30·37 wIGladwin. Kalkaska. Missaukee. RoscommonDorothy L Warne CadyHOA. 7·5·49 to 6·30·52 w/GladwinPatricia K. KuusistoHOA. 7·1·52 to 6·30·54Mary Louise MullerHOA. 7·1·54 to 6·30-56 w/Gladwin; Tram, to SI, JosephPhyllis E. PeanonHOA. 7·1·56107·31·58EHE. 8·1·58 to 8·15·59Norleen M. AckermanEHE. 2·1·60 108·31·61 Tram, to GratiotRella Mae BowersEHE. 6·8·64 to 8·31·65 w/GladwinCarolyn Carter Bay4·H. 10·1·65 to 2·27·674·H. 2·28·67 to 9·12·674·H. 9·13-67 to 7·31·68

John H. Worthington4·H. 11·1·67 to 11·30·71

Eric E. Bickel4·H. 7·1·74 to 9·30·764·H. 10·1-76 to 12·31·77 wICrawford. Roscommon. GladwinDaniel G. Blackledge4·H. 2·1·78 to date wICrawford. Roscommon. Gladwin

w/Gladwin. Isabella. Mecostaw/Gladwin. IsabellaStIId)' /eave

wIGladwin. Isabella; Tram, 10State 4·H Staff

CLINTON COUNTY

O. C. HollisterCAA. 5·1·17 to 10·31·17

P. P. PopeCAA. 4·20·18 to 9·30·19Howard V. KittleCAA. 2·1·20 to 10·31·26

Clare LBurtonCAA. 11·16·26 to 12·31·33

Roscoe G. SmithCAA. 2·1·34 to 6·30·57 RetiredF. Earl HaasCAA. 4·1·5510 2·28·58CEO. 3·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 to 7·31·73 RetiredJames W. PelhamCEO. 8·1· 73 to 8·20· 79 Tram, to HilLsdale

George R. McQueenCAA. 10·1·5710 9·30·65EAA. 10·1·65 to 6·30· 72 Tram, to ShiawasseeCEO. 10·1· 79 to date

Page 279: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

William E. Lasher. Jr.EAA, 8·15·72 to 11·18·77

Mark F. HansenEAA, 12·1·77 to date

Elizabeth C. HessHDA, 1·1·46 to 7·10·47

Delmas Wallace MoldenhauerHDA, 1·1·48 to 12·31·50

Margaret S. FosterHDA, 6·1·51 to 7·31·57 RetiredBetty M. KetchamHDA, 9·1·57 to 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 9·30·65 Trans. to MSUIFLE

Helen B. MeachEHE, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69 wlOratiot, Shiawassee; Trans. to ShiawasseeElaine B. CinccalaEHE, 4·1·72 to 9·30·73 wlOratiot, ShiawasseeChloe A. PadgittEHE, 1·1·74 to date wlOratiot, Shiawassee; Part· time

Asa L. McCartney4·H, 9·1·17 to 10·31·17 Temp.Nathalia A. Vasold4·H, 6·1·18 to 9·30·18 Temp.M. R. Kimball4·H, 7·1·22 to 10·31·22 Temp.Roscoe G. Smith4·H, 4·3·29 to 10·31·30 Trans. to SaginawMaurice L. Hill4·H, 6·21·43 to 12·1·44 wlInghamEiner G. Olstrom4·H, 12·16·44 to 12·31·454·H, 1·1·46 to 10·31·49Richard L. Pease4·H, 1·1·50 to 7·15·50

Allan J. Norden4·H, 8·1·50 to 8·31·51

Donald J. Walker4·H, 9·17·51 to 12·31·66 wlOratiot, Shiawassee; Trans. to IsabellaJohn R. Aylsworth4·H, 10·1·66 to 11·30·77 Trans. to State 4·H Staff

wflnghamTrans. to Kent

Theresa Kay Dow4·H, 12·1·77 to 3·31·79

Theresa Dow Silm4·H, 4·1· 79 to date wlOratiot, Shiawassee

CRAWFORD COUNTY

(see ROSCOMMON)

DELTA COUNTY

Benjamin P. PattisonCAA,5.15.17to6·30·21

Joseph Earl TurnerCAA, 4·15·22 to 11·27·34 DeceasedElwyn WennerCAA, 2·1·35 to 4·30·47 Trans. to CES Adm.Erick EngmanACAA, 12·1·46 to 3·10·48 wlMenomineeJoseph L. HeirmanCAA, 6·1·47 to 2·28·58CED, 3·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CED, 3·1·69 to 3·31· 73 RetiredDonald L. PellegriniCED. 4·1· 73 to date

Donald R. RoweEAA. 6·1·57 to 2·28·62 Trans. to Calhoun

Sylvia RichardsonHDA. 6·1·18 to 6·30·19

Ingrid TervonenHDA, 8·15·49 to 2·28·58EHE. 3·1·58 to 9·30·65

10·1·65 to 8·19· 71 wlMenominee, Schoolcraft8· 20· 71 to 6· 30· 73 Sick leave7·1· 73 to 8·31· 73 Re-empioyed

Cecile M. TurnerEHE. 1·1· 74 to date w/Menominee, SchoolcraftWalter L. Mallmann4·H, 9·1·17 to 9·30·17 Temp.William E. Anderson4·H. 9·1·17 to 9·30·17

Martin B. Mellican4·H, 5·1·18 to 8·31·18

Everett C. Sackrider4·H, 7·1·23 to 11·30·23

Temp.

Temp.

Temp.

Everett C. Sackrider4·H, 6·1·24 to 11·30·24

Hugo T. Swanson4·H, 7·1·25 to 12·31·254·H, 7·1·26 to 12·31·26

Benjamin Westrate4·H, 5·1·46 to 2·28·47

Melvin N. Nyquist4·H, 6·1·47 to 5·20·51

Fred C. Bernhardt4·H, 5·21·51 to 8·31·61

Larry J. Bradford4·H, 4·1·62 to 9·30·654·H, 10·1-65 to 7-31·66

Temp.

Temp.Temp.

Trans. to HiUsdale

wlMenominee, Schoolcraft; Trans. to ManisteeArthur A. Vasold4·H, 8·1·66 to 6-30·67 wlMenominee, SchoolcraftMax D. Collins4·H, 7-1·67 to 11-20-67 DeceasedDavid D. Van Zon4-H, 1·1·68 to 7·31·68

Donald E. Brown4-H, 10·15·68 to 7·31· 71

DICKINSON COUNTY

Clinton V. BallardCAA, 7·1-15 to 2·29·20Karl H. MillerCAA, 3-20-20 to 12-31·22

Arthur J. LonsdorfCAA, 2·1·23 to 3·4·42 DeceasedFrank J. MolinareCAA, 6·1·42 to 5·30·58CED, 6·1-58 to 9-30·65CENRA, 10·1·65 to 5·31-67 Trans. to CES Adm.George D. HurrellACAA, 2·15-40 to 10-15·40

Dean R. RhoadsCENRA, 9·1·67 to 2-28-69CED, 3·1-69 to 3·31· 75 Trans. 10DEL-RD, N. Mich.Thomas W. PurdyCED, 7-1-75108-1-79 Trans.IOOratiotCEDClifford R. KahlCED, 9·15· 7910 date

Helen E. SimonsonHDA, 3-1·1810 12·31-21 Emerg.Catherine C. PotterHDA, 7-1-4510 7·15·48

Marion W. Roberts WelkeHDA, 9·1·48 to 12-31·50

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Bemise M. MillerHDA. 1·1·5110 8·31·53

Irma S. JohnsonHDA. 10·1·5310 5·31·58 wllronEHE. 6·1·5810 4·30·77 ReriredSue Ann M. ThomasEHE. 6·1·7710 date wllronAndres Myhrman4·H. 7·1·221010·31·22

R. Joseph Heagany, III4·H. 6·15·77 10 9·1·78 wlMenominee; Trans. 10 SaginawThomas G. Rorabaugh4·H. 3·1· 7910 date wllron. Menominee

EATON COUNTY

Fred CurtisCAA. 5·1·1710 10·31·17

Thomas A. FarrandCAA. 4·9·1810 4·30·19

Roy Elbert DeckerCAA. 4·20·1910 11·30·21

Ralph W. TennyCAA. 12·1·2110 11·30·24

Clair TaylorCAA. 12·1·2410 1·31·29

Hans E. KardelCAA. 3·1·2910 12·31·51CAA. 1·1·5210 8·31·57 Foreign lealle. IndiaGeorge H. WellingtonACAA. 4·1·4610 12·15·46

Bruce C. KellCAA. 1·1·5210 6·15·55 Trans. to 4·H. BerrienJohn D. JohnsonCAA. 7·1·55102·28·58CED. 3·1·5810 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·6510 2·28·69CED. 3·1·6910 4·30· 76 RetiredWilliam J. KimballACAA. 7·1·5510 12·31·57 Trans. 10Res. Dell.• MSUA. Rex SietingEAA. 3·1·5810 11·14·59 Trans. 10CED. Presque IsleLeslie W. TobinEAA. 12·1·5910 9·26·67

Warren J. CookEAA.I.I.68ro6.30·76CED. 7·1·7610 1·31·80 RetiredAllen P. KrizekCED. 2·1·8010 date

John J. Baer, Jr.EAA. 12·6· 7510 date

Dorothy R. BrannstromHDA. 7·1·4610 5·31·49

Anne E. FieldHDA. 8·15·4910 2·28·58EHE. 3·1·5810 12·31·64 Trans. to MSUArvella G. CurtisEHE. 7·1·6510 8·31·69 wllngham. Lillingston; Trans. 10MSULouise A. SternbergEHE. 9·22·69 to 3·17·72 wllngham. LillingstonOra Lee Hill CooksEHE. 8·21· 72 108·31· 73 wllngham. Lillingston

N. Jean YoderEHE. 7·1·74 to 9·7· 79 wllngham. LillingslonMargaret A. RossEHE. 7·1·7810 date wllngham. LillingstonBernice M. Curtis4·H. 7·1·18 to 8·31·18

270

E. K. Smith4·H. 6-1·18 to 6·30·18

Ralph W. Tenny4·H. 6-1·20 to 11·30·21 Trans. to MSUAgnes Martin4·H. 7·1·22 to 11·31·22

Grace E. Fox4·H. 7·1·23 to 10·31·23Verda Ransom Dodge4·H. 7·1·24 to 8·31·24Clarence E. Prentice4·H. 1·1·3610 1·31·37 wlClinton. Ingham. Ionia; Trans. 10SanilacJohn M. Converse4·H. 2·20·37 to 2·28·43 w/Clinton. Ingham. IoniaMarvin M. Eppelheimer4·H. 6·9·4710 1·31·494·H. 7·16·5210 9·15·53

BruceC. Kell4·H. 6·1·4910 12·31·51 Trans. 10CAA

James A. Crawford4·H. 1·16·52 to 6·15·52

Gerald F. Sommer4·H. 7·1·5310 3·31·59O. Raymond Lamb4·H. 7·15·5910 9·30·654·H. 10·1·6510 10·31·66 wllngham. Lillingston; ReriredRichard W. Hill4·H. 10·16·6610 12·31·75 wllngham. Lillingston4·H. 1·1·7610 10·31·77 w/Barry; Trans. 10MSU

Susan Carol Rose4·H. 12·1·7710 12·8· 78 wllngham. LillingstonNancy A. Diuble4·H. 5·1· 7910 date wllngham. Lillingston

EMMET COUNTY

George A. KilbornCAA. 5·1·1710 10·31·17 w/Charlel!oixKeats K. ViningCAA. 1·1·1810 11·30·21 Trans. 10KentDwight C. CavanaughCAA. 12·8·2110 3·31·24

Stanley J. CulverCAA. 4·1·2410 8·15·28 Trans. 10JacksonArthur R. SchubertCAA. 8·15·2810 5·10·35 Trans. 10OnronagonRobert S. LincolnCAA. 5·10·3510 6·30·55 Trans. 10DMA

John B. HodgeACAA. 6·14·5410 7·15·55CAA. 7·16·55 to 3·31·58CED. 4·1·5810 12·31·60 Trans. 10OCRDAOCRDA. 1·1·6110 9·30·65 wIN. Mich.DEL·RD. 10·1·6510 6·30· 74 Trans. to Reg. Ext. Su/JII.• N. Mich.Karl C. FesterlingCED. 1·1·6110 9·30·65CENRA. 10·1·6510 2·28·69CED. 3·1·6910 10·31·72 RetiredKeith L. LamkinCED. 11·1·7210 date

Robert S. LincolnDMA. 7·1·5510 12·31·55 Trans. 10LapeerJoe HerringtonDMA. 3·1·5610 7·31·57

John BrayDMA. 9·1·5810 7·31·59

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Emma Fero ReinboldHDA. 7-1-4510 6-30-56 wlCharlevoix. CheboyganHDA. 7-1-5610 3-31-58EHE. 4-1-5810 9-30-65 wlCharlevoix. Cheboygan

10-1-65106-30-67 Disability retirement

Lillian W. DemetralEHE. 9-1-6710 8-15-69 wlCharlevoix. CheboyganJulia S. BeardEHE. 3-1-7410 12-31-75 wlCharlevoix. Cheboygan; Retired

Julia F. MichealEHE. 1-1-77 10 date

Frank R. Martin4-H. 6-16-1810 8-31-18

Karl C. Festerling4-H. 7-1-5610 12-31-60 Trans. 10CEO

Keith L. Lamkin4-H. 6-24-67 10 10-31-72 Trans. to CED

Martha E. KohlCMIA. 2-1-5810 12-31-58

Lsyle HuttonCMIA. 2-1-5910 12-2-72 DeceasedStephanie Gruber DonovanCMIA. 2-1-7410 2-29-76

James E. NealDEL-RD. 10-1-6710 12-31-78 wIS.E. Mich.

Helen C. WillisDEL-RD. 12-1-7910 date wIS. E. Mich.

Emma B. WagnerHDA. 10-10-1710 5-15-18

Katherine B. BeckmanHDA. 5-16-1810 6-30-18

Agnes M. McKinleyHDA. 1-1-3610 6-15-39

Marion MooreHDA. 8-1-3910 7-31-43

Lilas C. FrostHDA. 8-15-43 10 2-28-58EHE. 3-1-58 to 9-30-65EHE. 10-1-6510 8-31-68 wlLapeer. St. Clair; Retired

Clara P. HayHDA. 1-1-4610 2-28-58 UrbanEHE. 3-1- 58 10 6- 30-63 RetiredHarriett J. SealsEHE. 8-15-6610 4-30-69

Irene M. OttEHE. 11-1-6810 2-29-72 w/Lapeer; Trans. 10 State Office

M. Clyde BennettEHE. 9-1-6910 9-18-73

Terry S. RiceEHE. 9-1-7210 5-31-73 wlLapeerLinda L. NiermanEHE. 9-1-73 to 12-31-77 Trans. to MSUJudy A. HindesEHE. 11-1-73 to 9-4-75 w/LapeerPat reese S. AndersonEHE. 7-1-74 to 8-31-76

Jean M. WardEHE. 8-1- 76 to 8-15-77 w/LapeerGeraldine G. PeeplesEHE. 11-15-76 to 9-15-77 Trans. to SaginawLaura Jo SpeziaEHE. 2-1- 78 to 11-1-79

Leslie A. BrookeEHE. 2-1- 78 to date

Rosemarie C. HoffmanEHE. 4-15-79 to date Energy

Dorothy E. LawsonEHE. 2-10-72 to 2-27-73J. F. Rutledge4-H. 7-1-18 to 8-31-18

Kelsey B. Smith4-H. 5-16-19 to 6-30-21

Lester E. Mericle4-H. 4-1-22 to 3-15-23

Sheldon H. La'Iourette4-H. 1-1-30 to 12-31-45 Trans. to Assoc. Ag. AgI.

Donald R. Johnson4-H. 1-1-46 to 4-3-49 Trans. to WashcenawRaymond E. Vasold4-H. 5-1-49 to 7-31-53 Trans. to SaginawDonald Hillman4-H. 8-1-53 to 9-30-55 Trans. to MSUHarold E. Rice4-H. 7-18-55 to 7-31-57

GENESEE COUNTY

Ward H. ParkerCAA. 4-1-13 to 1-27-14 Farm Mgt. Field Studies

J. R. RiemanCAA. 5-1-17 to 10-31-17

Sidney S. SmithCAA. 1-9-18 to 2-28-26

James R. CampbellCAA. 3-1-26 to 9-30-45 Retired

earl H. MooreACAA. 3-1-40 to 10-15-40

Richard C. LottCAA. 8-1-45 to 6-30-54 Trans. to MSUSheldon H. laTouretteACAA. 1-1-46 to 6-30-56 Retired

Stanley A. MahaffyCAA. 9-1-54 to 2-28-58CEO. 3-1-58 to 9-30-65CAA. 10-1-65 to 2-28-69CEO. 3-1-69 to 1-31-72 Retired

Archibald R. JohnsonACAA. 8-1-54 to 9-30-65EAA. 10-1-6510 1-31-72CEO. 2-1-72 10 5-31-73 Trans. to DFMALeo W. DorrCEO. 1-1-74 to date

Eugene F. DiceACAA. 8-1-56 to 2-28-58CRDA. 3-1-5810 12-31-64OCRDA. 1-1-65 to 2-28-67

Study leaveN. E., E., S. Dists.; Trans. to MSU

James E. LincolnEAA. 5-15-6310 9-30-65 Trans. to DHA, OaklandDouglas J. ChapmanEAA. 4-24-6710 11-30-67EAA. 5-1-68 to 2-28-69EAA. 3-1-69 to 6-30-72 Trans. to Midland

Terry E. BowermanEAA. 7-24-7210 9-24-75

John F. LeechEAA. 5-1-76 to date

La Verne A. NormanEHA. 9-1-72 to 4-30-74 Trans. to Benzie

Lowell E. SpottsEHA. 8-1-74 to 4-24-78

Robert R. TrittenEHA. 8-1-78 10date

Marian N. KottkeCMIA. 7-1-5410 9-15-56

Catherine H. LoveCMIA. 11-1-5610 3-31-58

271

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James E. lincoln4·H, 9·19·55 to 3·14·63 Milirary lealle; Trani. to CAAWilliam M. Temple4·H, 4·1·56 to 5·31·57 Lealie, S. America

<lIarles C. Fischer4·H, 1l·1·57 to 8·7·59 UrbanLowell F. Rothert4·H, 4·1·60 to 9·30.·66 w/Lapeer, St. Clair; Trani. to State OfficeJerry L. Mills4·H, 2·15·63 to 5·31·69 Trani. to Montcalm

Unda L. Nierman4·H, 9·22·67 to 3·31·71 w/LapeerGeorge T. Mansell4·H, 8·1·69 to 9·15· 71 Trani. to AlleganThomas M. Ralya4·H, 12·15·71 to 4·27·73

William D. Walter4·H, 1·1·74 to 8·31·78 w/LapeerMargaret C. Sadler4·H, 1l·1· 78 to date w/LapeerMichael G. Palmer4·H, 6·20.·78 to date

GLADWIN COUNTY

U. G. ReynoldsCAA, 5·1·17 to 10.·31·17

Allen B. SchlichterCAA, 2·1·18 to 3·13·18 Deceased<lIarles E. AtwaterCAA, 4·30.·18 to 9·16·22

Jesse B. HuaettCAA, 12·1·29 to 8·30.·58CEO, 9·1·58 to 1l·3o.·59 RetiredPaul R. PennockCEO, 12·1·59 to 9·30.·65CAA, 10.·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 1·31·76 RetiredJames E. ThewsCEO, 7·1·76 to dateMuriel Elizabeth GilbertHOA, 9·15·21 to 7·15·22Dorothy L. Warne CadyHOA, 7·5·49 to 6·30.·52 wIClarePatricia K. KuusistoHOA, 7·1·52 to 6·30.·54 wlClareMary L. MullerHOA, 7·12·54 to 6·30.·56Berry V. BernardHOA, 12·1·56 to 8·31·58EHE, 9·1·58 to 6·30.·59 Trani. to MonroeCatherine E. ClevelandEHE, 1l·1·59 to 4·30.·63

Clare W. BrownEHE, 10.·1·65 to 2·28·67 wlClare, lsabeUa, MecostaEHE, 3·1·67 to 4·30.·67 wlClare. lsabeUaDiann S. JenkinsEHE, 5·1·72 to 12·31·75 wlClare.lsabeUaEHE, 1·1·76 to 7·31·76 wlArenacSusan Marie StoneEHE. 1l·15· 76 to date

C.J. Barnum4·H, 4·1·18 to 6·30.·18Levi Pfenning4·H. 7·1·20. to 6·30.·21Wanda Brunni4·H, 9·1·21 to 1l·3o.·21

272

Junior E. MaIosh4·H, 8·1·53 to 10.·31·55 w/Clare; Trani. to Lapeer

GOGEBIC COUNTY

James F. KadonskyCAA, 7·1·14 to 6·30.·19

Carl E. GundersonCAA, 7·1·19 to 12·31·50. RetiredFloyd W. HicksCAA, 9·1·51 to 9·15·54 Trani. to MarquetteRoland H. KavenCAA, 10·1·54 to 6·30.·57 Trani. to IronAndrew F. BednarCAA, 7·1·57 to 5·30.·58CED, 6·1·58 to 9·30.·65CENRA. 10.·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 to 8·31·74 RetiredJoseph T. RuppeCEO, 10.·1·74 to date

Effie CarpHOA. 4·15·18 to 1·1·19

Sylvia RichardsonHOA, 7·1·19 to 7·31·21

Jennie WilliamsHOA. 8·1·21 to 8·31·22Ruth WheatleyHOA, 9·16·22 to 8·31·24Rhoda J. KellyHOA, 9·1·57 to 9·30.·58EHE+4·H. 10·1·58 to 9·10.·59Rebecca K. JohnstonEHE, 6·15·60 to 9·30.·62

Carolyn CrowellEHE, 5·1·63 to 9·30.·65 w/OntonagonAune I. NelsonEHE, 10.·1·65 to date

Carl E. Gunderson4·H. 8·16·1810 10.·15·18

John Kuder4·H. 5·1·18 to 7·31·18Fred Godlove4·H, 6·16·18 to 8·31·18Karl P. Silberg4·H, 7·1·20. to 12·31·20.4·H, 7·1·22 to 12·31·224·H, 7·1·23 to 12·31·234·H, 5·1·24 to 10.·31·24

Gordon F. Whitburn4·H, 7·1·25 to 9·30.·254·H. 7·1·26 to 9·30.·26Mary R. Thompson4·H, 10·1·26 to 4·30.·29Hazel L. Bradley4·H, 5·1·29 to 8·31·32Beatrice C. Boyle4·H, 9·19·32 to 3·31·34 Trani. to ChippewaMary o. Richmond4·H, 4·1·34 to 1·31·36 Trani. to ChippewaNorma I. Streeter4·H, 2·1·36 to 8·31·39 Trani. to BranchEdith D. Johnson4·H. 9·1·39 to 12·31·42 Trani. to MarquettePatty Jean Sibley4·H. 2·15·43 to 6·30.·44Edmund A. Crawford4·H, 6·12·44 to 8·31·44

Page 283: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Ruth G. Haapala4·H, 9·25·44 10 11·30·45

Andrew F. Bednar4·H, 2·18·4610 6-15·464·H, 8·1·4610 6·30·57 Tmns. 10 CEDLester J. Howard4·H, 7·1·6710 9·14·69 wlOnlonagon; Trans. 10Orsego, Montmorency

GRAND TRAVERSE COUNTY

Myron E. DucklesCAA, 5·1·1710 10·31·17 wlKalkaskaCAA, 11·19·1710 2·15·19

Robert A. WileyCAA, 2·16·1910 10·31·20

Charles E. AtwaterCAA, 9·17·22104·30·24CAA, 3·15·2510 10·10·26 wlLeelanauCarl H. HemstreetCAA, 5·15·3410 11·30·46DHA, 12·1·4610 10·18·51 N. W. Mich.; DeceasedClarence C. MullettDHA, 1·15·5210 6·30·64 RetiredArthur W. GliddenCAA, 12·1·4610 7·31·58CED, 8·1·5810 6·30·65 RetiredGeorge A. McManus. Jr.DMA, 11·1·5610 6·30·64DHA, 7·1·64 106·30·65 N. W. Mich.CED, 7·1·6510 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·6510 2·28·69CED, 3·1·6910 date

Charles D. KesnerDHA, 7·1·6510 date N. W. Mich.Dean R. RhoadsDEL.RD, 4·1· 7510 date N. Mich.John C. McKinneyDMA, 5·1·7910 date N. W. Mich.; Sea Granl Prog.Ruth HunsbergerCMIA, 7·1·5410 9·15·62

Lowain ChurchillHDA, 8·1·3810 4·5·41 wlBenzie, Leelanau, ManisleeBetty E. DehnHDA, 7·1·4110 8·10·43 wlBenzie, Leelanau, ManisleeLowena L. MurphyHDA, 11·1·4310 1·19·47 Trans. 10InghamEdna D. AlsupHDA, 8·1·4710 6·30·56 wlBenzie, LeelanauHDA, 7·1·5610 5·31·58EHE, 6·1·5810 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·6510 7·31· 72 wlAnlTim, Benzie, Kalkaska, Leelanau; RetiredJoan S. McGarryEHE, 8·15· 72 10date wlAnlTim, Benzie, Kalkaska, LeelanauE. H. Wilcox4·H, 4·1·18 106·30·18

Andrew L. Olson4·H, 1·1·4510 6·30·56 wlBenzie, Leelanau4·H, 7·1·5610 6·30·654·H, 7·1·6510 9·30·65 wlAnlTim, Benzie, Kalkaska, Leelanau4·H, 10·1·6510 7·31·70 RetiredRichard J. Strong4·H, 11·1·7010 date wlAnlTim, Benzie, Kalkaska, Leelanau

GRAnOT COUNTY

C. J. ChambersCAA, 5·1·1710 10·31·17

Clayton T. CookCAA, 7·1·2110 11·30·21

Cecil P. PressleyCAA, 3·1·2210 8·31·24

Harold C. StinsonCAA, 8·16·2810 4·21·34

James A. PorterCAA, 4·16·3410 2·29·36 Tmns. 10MSUClinton P. MilhamCAA, 3·1·3610 11·30·53 RetiredWilliam G. BattanACAA, 7·8·4310 7·14·44

Robert A. TIceACAA, 2·1·4610 10·31·46John W. BakerCAA, 12·1·5310 3·31·58CED, 4·1·5810 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·6510 2·28·69CED, 3·1·6910 6·30·79 RetiredThomas W. PurdyCED, 8·1· 7910 date

Simo PynnonenACAA, 7·1·5510 2·28·57 Trans. 10SI. ClairGlen KeyserACAA, 12·1·5610 3·31·58EAA, 4·1·5810 4·16·59

John C. PostEAA, 4·1·5910 4·30·60 Trans.IOArenacMarvin H. WassenaarEAA, 7·1·6010 9·15·62William L. BortelEAA, 2·1·6310 12·31·69 Trans. 10TuscolaThomas H. ReedEAA, 4·1·7010 4·30·75 Trans.101acksonRichard H. LeepEAA,I·I·74106·15·76 Trans.IOU.PBrent C. WilsonEAA,5.1·76IOdate

Gregory V. VarnerEAA, 10·1·7610 1·31·80

Hans H. HaugardDMA, 12·1·5410 3·30·57 Trans.Ruth FritscheHDA, 1·1·3610 12·31·36 wllsabeUa, Monrcalm, Shiawa5seeTherese S. TordtHDA, 6·21·3710 9·15·40 wllsabeUa, Monlcalm, Shiawa5seeMarian F. ErwinHDA, 9·1·4010 9·1·41

Marian Erwin JohnsonHDA, 9·1·4110 5·20·43

Leora SmithHDA, 7·1·4310 3·24·45

Margaret SwansonHDA, 8·20·4510 12·15·45

Lorraine SpragueHDA, 12·1·4710 12·31·48 wllsabeUaHDA, 1·1·4910 3·31·58EHE, 4·1·5810 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·6510 6·30·76 wlClinlon, Shiawa5see; RetiredSharon L. FortinoEHE, 9·1·7610 10·14·77 wlClinlon, ShiawasseeEHE, 10·15·7710 10·1· 79 Parr· timeCheryl N. BoothEHE. 12·1· 7910 date

Blaine Curtis4·H, 9·1·1710 10·31·17

Ella M. Clark4·H, 6·1·1810 10·31·18

Robert Laser4·H, 12·1·3510 3·1·36

273

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Alben C. Warne".H. 7·16-"3 to 12·1·"3 w/MorucalmRichmond D. Simmonds".H. 6-15·"7 to 6·30·"8Joon W. Baker"·H. 6·1·"9 to 11·30·53 Tram. to CAA

C. Dean Allen".H. 1·25·54 to 11·30·56 Tram.John C. Post".H. ,,·1·57 to 3·31·59 Tram. to CAAWilliam Lee Bortel"·H ••• ·1·59 to 1·31·63 Tram. to CAA

Shirley A. Maxon".H. 7·1·59 to 8·11·61Norleen A. Ackerman"·H. 9·1·61 to 11·30·63Duane D. Patrick".H. 2·1·63 to 6·30·63Marilyn S. Zeigler".H. 12·15·63 to 9·20·65Harvey O. Middleton".H. 5·1·64 to 9·30·65".H. 10·1·65 to 6·30·67 wlClinton, ShiawasseeFranklin W. Kapp".H. 10·1·67 to 12·31·75 w/clinton, Shiawassee".H. 1·1·76 to 9·1"· 76 w/Gladwin; Tram. to OgemawLucille A. Slinger".H, 10·1·76 to 11·30·77Judith A. Williamson"·H. 3·1·78 to 5·9·80

Dorothy M. BildnerHOA. 1·1·56 to 5·30·58EHE. 6·1·58 to 2·28·61EHE. "·1· 70 to 12·31· 78 w/Branch, Calhoun, JacksonEHE. 1·1·79 to date

Helen B. MeachEHE. 7·1·61 to 9·30·65 Tram. to ClintonRayA. Turner"·H, 9·1·17 to 12·31·17"·H. ".1.18 to 9·30·18H. B. Dimmers".H. 7·1·21 to 10·31·21AnnE. Varney"·H, 5·1·20 to 12·31·20Louis H. Matthias".H, ,,·1·22 to 12·31·22"·H, 2·1·23 to 9·30·23"·H. 2·16·24 to 11·30·24"·H. 1·15·25 to 11·30·28Blair G. Woodman"·H. 3·••·29 to 6·30·"5 Tram. to CAA

Allyn F. Van Dyke"·H. 5·20·"6 to 9·30·"8"·H. 10·1·"8 to 9·30·50 Study lealleDavid B. Gordon"·H. 1·1-49 to 3·31·"9Michael W. Radke".H. 6·10·"9 to 1·15·5"John W. Comstock".H, 6· 7·5" to 8·31·57 Tram. to LenaweeRichard J. First"·H. 8·15·57 to 5·31·58".H, 6·1·58 to 6·30·58James E. Gleason"·H. 8·10·59 to 6·24·61Fred C. Bernhardt".H, 9·1·61 to 9·30·65".H, 10·1·65 to 3·29·68 w/Branch, St. Joseph; Deceased

wlClinton, Shiawassee

wIClinton. Shiawassee

HILLSDALE COUNTY

George B. SmithCAA. 5·1·17 to 10·31·17Joon Wilson SimsCAA, 7·7·20 to 9·30·22Roy E. WeinbergCAA, 12·1·22 to 11·30·23 DeceasedOtto J. WeisnerCAA, 8·1·25 to 12·31·25Joon V. SheapCAA. 3·10·26 to 10·31·27Blair G. WoodmanCAA. 7·1·"5 to 1·31·50 Tram. to ShiawasseeDonald L. EppelheimerCAA. 2·1·50 to 11·30·53 Tram.Duncan G. LeitchCAA. 12·1·53 to 5·30·58CED. 6·1·58 to 3·15·59Albert T. HallCEO. ,,·1·59 to 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 to 5·31·79 RetiredJames W. PelhamCEO. 8·20· 79 to date

Ellsworth A. NethertonOAA. 1·1·68 to 7·31· 77 wIBTanch, Calhoun, Jackson;

Tram. to Uruguay Pmj.Mary Lorena JonesHDA. 1·1·"2 to 7·7-48Bemise M. HaleHOA, 9·1·"8 to 5·31·50Faye Beryl OggHOA. 10·20·50 to ,,·12·52Ardath Marie McCallHDA. 7·1·52 to 12·31·55

Lynn R. Harvey".H. 7·1·68 to 10·31·68"·H. 11·1·68 to 8·31· 71Thalia F. Johnson".H. 8·1·72 to 10·17-75Joye E. Schmidt".H. "·25·77 to 12·31·77"·H, 1·1·78 to 9·19· 78 w/Branch, CalhounStewart H. Stover".H. 1·1·79 to date wIBTanch, Calhoun

wIBTanch, St. JosephwIBTanch, Calhoun, Jackson; Tram. to Sanilac

wIBTanch, Calhoun, Jackson

HOUGHTON.KEWEENA W COUNTIES

Leo M. GeismarCAA, 6·1·13 to 7·18·29 DeceasedEarl RobertsCAA, 1·1·30 to "·30·"1William CargoCAA. 5·1-41 to 8·31-49 Tram.Frank A. MadaskiCAA. 9·1·"9 to 5·30·58CEO. 6·1·58 to 7·31·60 Tram. to BemenWallace A. KeskitaloCED. 10·1·60 to 9·30·65CAA. 10·}·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 8·1·76 RetiredKeith A. RaisanenCEO. 2·}· 77 to date

Flora E. McElhinneyHDA. 7·1·20 to 2·28·21

274

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Emmet L. RavenCAA, 6-10-28 to 6-30-55 Retired

Gleason D. RohlfsACAA, 5-1-49 to 6-30-55CAA, 7-1-55 to 4-19-57CAA, 4-20-57 to 7-15-61 Military leave

Leland A. WarschefskyACAA, 7-1-55 to 4-30-57CAA, 5-1-57 to 3-31-58CED, 4-1-58 to 9-30-65CAA, 10-1-65 to 2-28-69CED, 3-1-69 to 6-30-73 Trans. w EAAEAA, 7-1-73 to date wlSanilac

Robert E. BradenACAA, 7-1-57 to 3-31-58CAA, 4-1-58 to 11-4-59CAA, 11-5-59 to 7-30-61 Leave, StateASC

Richard C. LouERDA, 7-1-59 to 12-31-61DCRDA, 1-1-62 to 8-31-62 wlArenac, Bay, Lapeer, Tuscola, St. Clair;

Trans. to Ingham

James W. PelhamEAA, 3-1-60 to 4-22-61

Anthony L. RapesEAA, 2-1-62 to 3-31-74CED, 4-1-74[0 7-31-76 Retired

William J. HamiltonCED, 7-15-76 to 11-30-77 Trans. to District

Robert A. JohnsonCED, 12-1-77 to date

George W. AtkesonEAA, 12-15-74 to 3-31-79 Trans. to Montcalm

Van V. VarnerEAA, 6-19-78 w date

M. June WilkinsonHDA, 4-1-49w 7-31-53

Marilyn K. CumminsHDA, 9-15-54 to 12-13-55

Janet Clark NaraHDA, I-I-56 to 6-30-56

Marie M. Van DammeHDA, 7-1-56 to 10-15-57

Janet Frost KellerHDA, 9-23-57 to 5-31-58EHE, 6-1-58 to 4-15-59

Kristin Ann HokensEHE, 7-1-59 to 6-15-61

Mary Lou MoyleEHE, 7-1-63 to 6-30-65 wlBaraga

Grace M. VillwockEHE, 1-1-66 to 9-30-66 wlBaraga

Barbara J. YeakelEHE, 1-1-75 to date wlBaraga

Arne G. Kettunen4-H, 4-15-17 to 10-31-17

Lawrence W. Miller4-H, 5-1-18 to 8-30-18

Hazel Deadman4-H, 5-1-18 to 6-30-18

Beryl O. Hagerman4-H, 8-1-19 to 11-30-20

Clare A. Rood4-H, 5-1-23 to 10-31-23

Paul P. Banker4-H, 5-16-24 to 10-31-244-H, 5-1-25 to 10-31-254-H, 9-1-26 to 10-30-26

G.O. Harma4-H, 8-1-27 to 11-20-27

Bernard F. Gaffney4-H, 6-1-30 to 8-31-304-H, 5-1-43 to 9-30-43

K. John Moilanen4-H, 4-22-35 to 9-30-354-H, 10-18-35 to 5-31-38

Trans. to MSU

Lucille A. MonarkHDA, 8-1-53 to 8-31-57

Jean L. StebensHDA, 9-1-57 w 3-31-58EHE, 4-1-58 w 10-31-61

Marilyn S. ZeiglerEHE, 4-1-62 to 12-15-63

Margaret Ann RossEHE, 1-1-65 to 9-30-65EHE, 10-1-65 to 12-31-77 wlSanilac, Tuscola; Trans. to Eaton

wlOntonag(m

Elina H. Beck4-H, 8-15-38 to 11-15-384-H, 4-1-39 to 9-30-394-H, 4-1-40 to 9-30-404-H, 4-1-41 to 9-30-414-H, 4-1-42 to 10-15-42

Wallace A. Keskitalo4-H, 10-15-48 to 1-31-51 Ontonagon4-H, 2-1-51 to 9-30-60 Trans. to CED

wlOntonagonwlOntonagonwlOntonagon

Trans. to Gratiot

Brenda E. WhiteEHE, 7-1-78 w date Part-time

Verne A. Freeman4-H, 9-1-17 to 9-15-17

Benjamin Westrate4-H, 2-16-42 w 6-1-44 wlBay, Midland, Tuscola

Claude M. Elmore4-H, 6-15-44 w 1-31-45 wlTuscola

Raymond M. McMullen4-H, 7-16-45 to 11-30-46 Trans. to Otsego

Gleason D. Rohlfs4-H, 12-1-46 to 4-30-49 Trans. to ACAA

Ronald E. Kampe4-H, 7-26-54 to 8-31-57

William M. Temple4-H, 9-1-57 to 12-31-60 Trans. to Hought(m

Carroll H. Wamhoff4-H, 7-1-61 w 9-30-654-H, 10-1-65 to 5-31-66 wlSanilac, Tuscola; Trans. to MSU

Robert H. Haile4-H, 8-15-67 to 3-31-70 wlSanilac, Tuscola; Trans. to Osceola

William M. Temple4-H, 1-1-61 to 5-20-63

Elvin W. Hepker4-H, 7-1-66 to 8-31-72 wlBaraga; Trans. to Schoobaft

James R. Dompier4-H, 1-24-77 to date wlGogebic, Baraga, Ontonagon

HURON COUNTY

L.L.McCartyCAA, 5-1-17 to 10-31-17

James R. CampbellCAA, 7-1-20 w 10-6-21

Ellis E. TwingCAA, 10-3-21 to 8-31-24

David WoodmanCAA, 9-1-24 to 6-12-28

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Robert A. Johnson4·H, 8-1-70 to 11-30-77 TTans. to CED

Patricia E. Adam.EHE, 3-1-76 10date wlEaton, LillingslonGlen S. Keis4-H, 2-1-18 to 10-31-184-H, 5-15-1910 12-31-19Kelsey B. Smith4-H, 4-1-18108-31-18Harry P. Lewis4-H, 6-1-1810 8-31-18Anna C. Pratt4-H, 6-1-1810 9-30-18Maurice L. Hill4-H, 6-21-4310 12-1-44 wlClinlonEiner G. Olstrom4-H, 12-16-4410 12-31-45 Trans. 10ClinlonMilbume H. Avery4-H, 1-1-46 to 8-31-54 TTans. 10CEDGerald P. Van Singel4-H, 9-1-5410 10-27·55 DeceasedWilmot M. McDowell, Jr.4-H, 7-1-5610 12-31-62Ethel Marie Strang4-H, 10-1-60 106-30-61Carol Jean Abraham4-H, 7-1-61104-30-63Gary L. Seevers4-H, 5-1-6310 9-30-64Rhoda Mae Peck4-H, 9-1-6310 11-15-68Forrest N. Armock4-H, 10-1-6410 8-17-65Richard W. Brown4-H, 1-1-6910 12-24-73Donald R. Jost4-H, 3-1-7410 1-31-77 TTans. 104-H FoundationTIto F. Reyes4-H, 11-1-7710 dateEarl W. Threadgould, Jr.4-H, 12-1-7810 date w/Eaton, Lillingslon

INGHAM COUNTY

Frank SeeleyCAA, 5-1-1710 10-31-17CAA, 2-20-1810 6-30-18Jamie G. Wells, Jr.CAA, 4-1-2710 4-15-29 Trans.Harold H. BamumCAA, 4-16-2910 4-29-45 DeceasedDonald G. CurryCAA, 5-15-4510 1-31-52CAA, 2-1-5210 7-31-54 Leave, IndiaJames P. HoeluemaCAA, 3-16-5210 3-15-54Richard B. BaileyCAA, 2-1-5410 8-31-54 Trans. 10KalamatOOMilbume H. AveryCAA, 9-1-5410 2-28-58CED, 3-1-5810 8-31-62 RetiTedRichard C. LouCED, 9-1-6210 9-30-65CAA, 10-1-6510 7-31-68 RetiTedKenneth L. BrownACAA, 9-27-5410 6-30-57Richard L. NelsonACAA, 8-12-5710 2-28-58EAA, 3-1-5810 1-31-60James E. MulvanyEAA, 2-1-60 10 2-28-69CED, 3-1-6910 6-14-75DFMA, 11-21-7510 dateMarvin M. PrestonCED, 12-1-7510 dateRobert O. McDowellEAA, 7-15-6810 10-18-68

TTans. 10DFMAMSU CompuleT CIT.

James H. SchoonaertEAA, 1-1-6910 10-1-78 Trans. 10DFMARoger A. MorrisonEAA, 2-1-7910 dateMyrtle Van HomeHDA, 12-1-2810 6-30-32Bertine C. BenedictHDA, 10-1-3510 11-20-46HDA, 11-21-4610 8-2-47 Leave; DeceasedLowena L. MurphyHDA, 11-1-4710 6-30-49Mary Jane JohnstonHDA, 9-19-4910 6-10-50Annette J. SchaefferHDA, 6-12-5010 2-28-58EHE, 3-1-58 109-30-65

3-1-6910 9-30-69 w/Eaton, Lillingswn; RetiTed

Adeline E. SnyderHDA, 7-1-56107-31-57Shirley S. GoeringHDA & 4-H, 8-15-5710 2-28-58EHE & 4-H, 3-1-58108-31-60Margaret S. FosterEHE, 10-1-6510 8-31-68 w/Ealon, Lillingslon; RetiTedArletta Y. V. WebsterEHE, 8-15-68108-14-70 w/Eaton, LillingslonMargaret L. W. BucklinEHE, 9-21-7010 date wlEaton, LiIling3lonGrace E. LangEHE, 3-1-72 10 10-6-75 w/Eaton, LiIling3lon

IONIA COUNTY

Arthur P. LoomisCAA, 5-1-1710 10-31-17Harry L. CarrCAA, 5-1-2210 4-30-23Ralph L. HelmCAA, 5-1-23 104-30-27 Trans. 10Allegan

Willard C. CribbsCAA, 12-1-2810 12-31-36 wflsabella, MonlcalmCAA, 1-1-3710 4-14-43ACAA, 4-15-43 106-30-43 RetiTedAlbert A. GriffithCAA, 4-15-4310 2-28-47 Trans. 10MSULouie WebbCAA, 3-1-4710 6-30-53 TTans. 10CalhounAbram P. SnyderCAA, 8-1-5310 2-28-58CED, 3-1-5810 2-28-59 TTans. 10Cone. Ed.Donald L. EppelheimerTwp. EAA, 1-25-5410 3-31-59 KeUogg Twp. PTOj.Fred J. PeabodyACAA, 7-1-5610 2-28-58CAA, 3-1-5810 2-28-59CED, 3-1-5910 1-31-62 TTans. 10MSU

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William S. PryerEAA. 4-1-59 to 1-31-62CEO. 2-1-62 to 9-30-65CAA. 10-1-65 to 2-28-69CEO. 3-1-69 to date

Paul A. WilkesEAA. 3-19-62 to 8-31-64

Lance H. JepsonEAA. 10-1-64 to 8-31-68

Duane D. PatrickEAA. 7-15-68 to 6-14-77

Mary S. SaylerHDA. 7-1-45 to 8-15-45

June C. BrownHDA. 9-17-45 to 6-30-49

Emily M. ParkerHDA. I-I-50 to 8-14-50

Alice M. HarrisonHDA. I-I-51 to 1-20-53Laurel L. EricksonHDA. 7-1-53 to 3-31-55

Jane P. ChildHDA. 7-5-55 to 2-28-58EHE. 3-1-58 to 9-30-65EHE. 10-1-65 to 11-30-68 w/Ba1ry. Moorcalm; Trans. to KalamazooRoberta M. RodgersEHE. 3-1-69 to 12-31-78 w/Barry, MontcalmEHE. 1-1-79 to date

Percival Angrove4-H. 9-1-17 to 10-31-174-H. 6-6-18 to 10-31-18

Robert R. Dancer4-H. 6-1-48 to 2-28-584-H. 3-1-58 to 7-15-61 DeceasedEdgar L. Strong4-H. 10-1-61 to 12-14-65 Trans. to SanilacJames E. Franks. Jr.4-H, 8-1-70 to 3-31-77 w/Barry, Mootcalmlla M. Schroll4-H, 5-1-77 to 8-31-78Marvin L. King4-H, 5-1-77 to date w/Ba1ry, MontcalmElizabeth N. Knox4-H, 10-1-78 to date Parr-time

IOSCO COUNTY

R. E. PrescottCAA. 5-1-17 to 10-31-17 wlAlconaClinton P. MilhamCAA, 4-9-18 to 3-31-20 Trans. to GratiotCasper BlumerCAA, 1-1-28 to 11-30-35 wlAlconaWilton L. FinleyCAA. 1-15-36 to 9-14-47 Trans. to MSUJohn Tuttle StoneACAA, 8-1-42 to 11-13-42 hmd use wlPresque Isle; Trans. to JacksonHarold R. ClarkCAA. 12-1-47 to 4-30-53

A. Marvin DavenportCAA, 6-1-53 to 7-31-58CEO, 8-1-58 to 9-30-65CENRA, 10-1-65 to 2-28-69CEO, 3-1-69 to 6-30-76 RetiredSusan Smalley LambrechtCEO, 7-1-76 to date

Kenneth R. KernstockEAA, 8-15-76 to date

John D. SchwartzDMA, 12-1-79 to date wlAlcona, Alpena, AreMC. Ba" Chebo:ygan.

Presque IsleAlice HertzlerHDA, 9-1-38 to 5-31-41 Trans.Dorothy ScottHDA, 7-1-41 to 6-30-53 wlAlpenaHDA, 7-1-53 to 7-31-58EHE, 8-1-58 to 7-1-66 RetiredLemuel H. Rhodes4-H, 11-1-35 to 2-29-44 wlAlcona. AreMC, OgemawWalter B. Bradley4-H, 2-21-44 to 5-31-44 wlAreMC, OgemawA. Marvin Davenport4-H, 3-15-50 to 5-31-53 wlAlcona, Oscoda; Trans. to CAA

Judith L. Place4-H, 9-21-70 to 3-14-73 wlAreMC, Ogemaw; Trans. to U.P.Retha M. Hankey4-H, 7-1-73 to 1-20-75 wlAreMC, Ogemaw; Trans. to MSU

IRON COUNTY

Roy G. HoopingarnerCAA, 9-1-12 to 4-15-18Dwight C. LongCAA, 4-16-18 to 10-31-20

W. Floyd MambyCAA, 3-10-21 to 1-31-22

Earl RobertsCAA. 3-1-22 to 12-31-29 Trans. to HaughtooArthur W. OtterbeinCAA, 1-1-30 to 2-28-57 RetiredGeorge D. HurrellACAA, 10-16-40 to 9-30-41

Roland H. KavenCAA, 7-1-57 to 2-28-58CEO, 3-1-58 to 9-30-65CENRA, 10-1-65 to 12-30-65 RetiredDonald L. PellegriniCENRA 4-1-66 to 2-28-69CEO, 3-1-69 to 3-31-73 Trans. to DeltaJames H. ThewsCEO, 5-1-73 to 6-30-76 Trans. to GladwinJohn J. MarkusCEO, 10-1-76 to 1-2-80

Philip A. SeitzCEO, 2-1-80 to date

Maude BennettHDA. 10-20-17 to 6-30-19

George E. Bishop4-H, 6-1-18 to 9-30-18

Ernest W. TIegs4-H, 5-1-18 to 9-30-18

Maude L. Bennett4-H. 9-1-19 to 4-30-20

Willa O. Hill4-H, 5-1-20 to 10-31-20Mary V. Hall4-H. 3-1-21 to 6-30-23

Arthur E. Hagen4-H, 3-1-24 to 12-31-26 Trans. to WashtenawArthur W. Otterbein4-H, 4-1-27 to 12-31-29 Trans. to CAA

E. A. Wenner4-H, 2-17-30 to 1-31-35 Trans. to DeltaRoland H. Kaven4-H, 4-22-35 to 8-31-45 Trans. to Marquette

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Michael C. Wtlson4·H. 12·1· 7910 date

Fnnk A. Madaski4·H. 5·14·4610 8·31·49 Trans. 10Houghton

James LMyers4·H. 6·12·5010 9·30·54 Trans. 10MecostaAugust F. Blome4·H. 1·1·55109·30·65 Trans. 10BaragaDonald E. Brown4·H. 8·1·66 10 10·14·68 wlDickinsonThomas J. Jewett4·H. 10·15·6810 4·30·77

JACKSON COUNTY

Ernest C. FowlerCAA. 5·1·1710 10·31·17CAA. 11·1·1710 1·15·18John v. SheapCAA. 1·23·1810 12·31·19Clinton V. BallardCAA. 3·1·2010 11·30·21 Trans. 10MSURoy E. DeckerCAA. 12·1·2110 7·31·28 Trans. 10MSUStanley J. CulverCAA. 8·16·2810 12·31·49 RetiredJohn T. StoneACAA. 11·24·42101·18·43 Trans.Donald G. CurryACAA. 7·1·4310 5·14·45 Trans. 10InghamMorris K. McGregorCAA. 1·1·50105·5·51 DeceasedFrederic C. SackriderCAA. 7·1·5110 2·28·58CEO. 3·1·5810 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·6510 2·20·66 Trans. 10Crus

Kenneth A. SwansonACAA. 8·16·5410 2·28·58EAA. 3·1·58103·31·63 Trans. 10DFMAOFMA. 4·1·6310 8·31·78 RetiredHarold E. SpinkEAA. 5·1·6310 2·20·66CAA. 2·21·6610 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·6910 dateCharles L CooperEAA. 2·21·66 10 12·31·67EHA. 1·1·68 10date wlBranch. Calhoun. Hillsdale

Randall C. HeatleyEHA. 1·1· 7610 dateThomas H. ReedEAA. 5·1·7510 10·31·75William M. BivensEAA. 12·1· 7510 date

Thomas MartinOCROA. 1·1·7210 12·31· 73 Public AffairsLynn R. HarveyOCROA. 10·1·7410 date Public AffairsOlga R. BirdHOA. 12·1·2810 9·15·30

Dorothy HolahanHOA. 9·15·3010 2·28·34

Elizabeth P. WeldHOA. 3·1·3410 8·31·36

Dorothy C. DoyleHOA. 8·17·3610 6·30·37Margaret M. ReedHOA. 7·1·37106·15·41Can J. SanfordHOA. 7·7·4110 4·20·43Alfreda Hanson McGuireHOA. 4·24·43 10 4·30·54Marjorie A. EstesHOA. 8·1·5410 7·31·56Mildred M. OmlorHDA. 10·16·5610 2·28·58EHE. 3·1·5810 12·31·60 Trans. 10Newaygo

ISABELLA COUNTY

Stephen S. FaDCAA. 5·1·1710 10·31·17Howard D. CorbusCAA. 4·19·1810 6·30·19Willard C. CribbsCAA. 12·1·2810 12·31·35 wflonia. MontcalmJohn C. WilkACAA. 8·1·33 10 10·31·33

John H. BreyfogleCAA. 1·1·3610 12·31·36Harry K. WakefieldCAA. 1·1·37 10 7·15·45Burton C. MellencampCAA. 7·15·4510 3·31·58CEO. 4·1·5810 5·31·59 RetiredHarry DensmoreCEO. 6·1·5910 9·30·61Louie WebbCED. 12·1·6110 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·6510 2·28·69CED. 3·1·6910 6·30· 72 RetiredLyle B. ThompsonCEO. 7·1·72 10date

Margaret B. DoughtyCMIA. 12·1·6210 7·15·69 wfN. W. and N.E. Mich.Carolyn BayOAA. 9·12·7710 date Liveslock; E. CentralJosephine A. BrighentiHOA. 1·3·4910 7·31·52 Trans. 10Lenawee

Ruth A. McIlnayHOA. 8·1·5210 3·31·58EHE. 4·1·5810 10·15·65 RetiredClare W. BrownEHE. 5·1·67 to date w/Clare. GladwinFloyd Ferguson4·H. 6·1·1810 9·30·184·H, 7·1·20106·30·21

James E. Pease4·H. 6·1·2410 9·30·24

Stanley N. Rader4·H. 1·1·4710 3·22·48Stanley P. McRae4·H. 4·1·4810 3·17·51

Robert H. Acker4·H. 4·10·5110 11.14·53

Harry LDensmore4·H. 12·1·5310 5·31·59 Trans. 10 CEDEdward A. Poole4·H. 7·1·5910 2·28·65 Trans. 10 WashlmawGeorge F. Jennings4·H. 3·1·6510 9·30·654·H. 10·1·651010·25·66 wIClare. GladwinDonald J. Walker4·H, 1·1·6710 9·30·79 w/Clare. Gladwin; Retired

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Ruth B. BealeEHE, 2·1·61 to 9·22·65EHE, 9·1·68 to 9·15· 78 wlCalhoun, Kalamazoo; Retired

Janet C. SeiteEHE, 11·1· 78 to date

Russell S. Simmons4·H, 6·1·18 to 8·15·18

Percy Howe4·H, 4·16·18 to 8·31·18

Marian Wheeler4·H, 7·1·20 to 7·31·20

Glen J. Waite4·H, 7·1·21 to 10·31·21William S. Wood4·H, 5·1·22 to 8·31·224·H, 2·1·23 to 9·30·234·H, 5·1·24 to 12·31·24

Morris K. McGregor4·H, 2·1·46 to 12·31·49 Trans. to CAA

Jack Ferver4·H, 1-1·50 to 7·14·50 Trans. to OttawaIra E. Jump4·H, 10·1·50 to 1·31·53

O. Raymond Lamb4·H, 5·15·53 to 7·14·59 Trans. to EatonHarold E. Spink4·H, 7·20·59104·30·63 Trans. toEAAWilliam H. Minner4·H 7·1·63 to 9·30·654.H: 11·1·68 to date wlBranch, Calhoun, HillsdaleRichard W. Peterson4·H, 10·1·69 to 3·15· 71

Lee R. Crail4·H. 12·1·7910 date

Judith A. ArrigoEHE, 11·1·72 to 5·10·74

Ann Marion NieuwenhuisEHE. 2·4· 74 10 date Part· time; ENPJanet C. RichardsonEHE, 11·15-74 to date wISt. JosephFloyd L. Smith4·H. 3·13·1810 6·30·18

Roy C. McIntyre4·H. 8·1·3810 7·1·40 wlBranch. St. JosephRalph May4·H, 7·1·4010 12·31·41 wlBranch. St. JosephJohn W. Foster4·H. 3·16·42 to 9·30·46 wlBranch. St. Joseph4·H, 1·1·46 to 9·30·46

A. Marvin Davenport4·H, 6·15·47 to 3·14·50 Trans. to loscoWilliam L. Brook4·H. 6·12·50 to 12·31·51

Jack C. Ferver4·H. 12·20·51 to 6·30·56 Trans.Maurice E. Voland4·H, 7·1·5610 10·31·61William A. Milbrath4·H, 7·1·56 to 12·31·59 UrbanWilliam G. Plummer4·H, 1·1·60 to 8·31·67Charles T. Woods4·H. 1·1·6210 9·30·64Bernard Alan Snider4·H. 10·1·64 to 9·30·66 Trans. to KentHerbert W. Taylor4·H. 5·1·67 to 2·28· 71

Jerry A. Halm4·H. 6·15·68 to 8·31·70 wISt. Joseph; Trans. to MSUGale L. Arent4·H. 9·1· 7010 1·31· 74 wISt. Joseph; Trans. to CEDEugene C. Miller4·H. 6·1·71 to 10·31·77 Trans. to St. JosephRobert J. Rice4·H. 12·15·77 to date wISt. JosephJan B. Barker4·H, 11·1·78 to date CETA from 2·2·78

KALAMAZOO COUNTY

Jason WoodmanCAA. 11·1·12 to 10·31·19

Ralph Leslie OldsCAA, 11·1·19 to 2·28·50 Retired

Vernon F. HimACAA, 7·21·43 to 5·14·45CAA, 4·1·50 to 5·31·58CEO, 6·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 to 12·31·73 RetiredRichard B. BaileyACAA. 9·1·54 to 5·31·58EAA. 6·1·58 to date

KALKASKA COUNTY

Myron Edward DucklesCAA. 5·1·17 to 10·3·17 wlGrand TraverseEllis E. TwingCAA, 1·9·18 to 10·1·21

Leon L. DrakeCAA, 10·1·2\ to 12·31·22 wlAntTimErrol S. BirdCAA. 3·1·23 to 4·15·24

John H. BreyfogleCAA, 7-9-28 to 7·31·30

Bohn E. MusgraveCAA. 7·24·30 to 12·31·33 Trans. w MecostaHarry L. BarnumCAA. 7·1·34 to 12·31-37 wlMissaukeeL. Wendell BarnesCAA. 1·1·38 to 7·31·48 wlCrawford; Trans. to WexfordOrville F. WalkerCAA. 8·1·48 to 7·31·53 wlCrawford; Trans. to Twp. Agt.Twp. EAA. 8·1·53 to 7·31·58 Trans. to GaylordRobert C. DeweyCAA. 8-1-53 to 1·31·56 wlCrawford

Gale L. ArentCEO. 2·1·74 to date

Jane Kay BreckenridgeCMIA. 7·1·54 to 6·30·55

Mary StricklinCMIA. 7·1·55 to 12·31·55

Maryann Meldrum BeckmanCMIA. 12·1·55 to date

Blanche ClarkHOA. 3·23·18 to 6·15·25Veda E. HillerHOA. 11·1·35 to 12·31·36

Margaret E. LinsellHOA. 2·1·37 to 9·30·58EHE. 6·1·58 to 9·30·65EHE. 10·1·65 to 9·30·68

Jane P. ChildEHE. 12·1·68 to 11·15· 74

wlCalhoun. JacksonRetired

wISt. Joseph; Retired-disability

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Benjamin C. PorterCAA. 3·1·56 eo 6·30·58 TTans. eo ManisteeReuben M. KaarreCAA. 9·1·58 ro 1·31·60 wICTaw/urdCEO. 2·1·60 to 3·18·62 Trans. eo Alcona

Norman J. BrownCEO. 2·1·62 to 8·31·64 Trans. to ManisteeWarren J. CookCEO. 9·1·64 to 9·30·65CENRA. 10·1·65 to 12·31·67 TTans. to EatonRobert E. PoppyCENRA. 5·1·68 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 eo date

Mary Lorena JonesHDA. 11·1·37 to 12·31·41 wIC/are. Missaukee. RoscommonLeona Mae FisherHDA. 1·1·42 to 6·15·44 wIC/are. Missaukee. RoscommonJane W. VenableHDA. 7·1·56 to 7·31·58 wICTaw/urdElizabeth M. Morley4·H. 2·13·78 to 3·31·79 Energy Froj.; wlAntrim. Charlelloix. Craw/urd.

Roscommon. Grand TTalierse

KENT COUNTY

J. Hackley SkinnerCAA. 9·16-12 to 11·1·15

Harvey G. SmithCAA. 1·1·16 to 12·31·18

Carl J. SeidelCAA. 9·24·1710 10·31·17CAA. 11·1·17 to 6·15·18

RosweU G. CarrCAA. 1·16·19 to 11·30·21Keats K. ViningCAA. 12·1·21 to 6·30·49 ReriredJohn T. StoneACAA. 1·1·42 to 7·31·42 TTans. to loscoRichard A. MachieleACAA. 8·1·42 to 12·31·48CAA. 1·1-49 to 6·30·53 TTans. to OttawaCarl J. HansonACAA. 2·1·49 to 12·31·50 TTans. to Ba,Donald W. EasterdayACAA. 7·1·51 to 7·15·53Gerald A. BrianCAA. 7·1·53 to 10·31·55

Richard W. ReathACAA. 7·1·53 to 2·28·58CAA. 3·1·58 to 5·14·60CEO. 5·15·60 to 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 eo date

Gerald Van SingelACAA. 7·1·54 to 8·31·54 At·IaTge; TTans. to Ingham

WlUiam Rupp. Jr.CAA. 11·16-55 to 2·28·58CEO. 3·1·58 to 5·16·60

Robert O. KeUeyACAA. 7·1·56 to 2·28·58 DairyCAA. 3·1·58 to 1·30·59 DairyRobert C. KniselyCAA. 6·15·60 to 9·30·65 DairyEAA. 10·1·65 to date DairyFrank E. KlackleEHA. 3·1·61 to 9·30·65DHA. 10·1·65 to date wlMwkegon. OttawaPhilip G. SchwaUierEHA. 5·1· 78 to date

Virpnia Helt EbenCMIA. 8·16-54 to 12·31·61Sharon L. HaUCMIA. 10·2·62 to 11·30·65AdabeUe ShinabargerCMIA. 10·15·67 to dateClara G. RagenHDA. 12·18·17 to 6·30·19

Frances M. EricksonHDA. 12·1·17 to 6·30·19Agnes S. RichardsonHDA. 11·16·26 to 12·31·32

Mary S. ThompsonHDA. 1·1·33 to 9·30·35 wlOttawaE. Eleanor DensmoreHDA. 12·15·35 to 9·30·51HDA. 8·1·51 to 7·31·53 Lealie. OkinawaHDA. 8·1·53 to 2·28·58EHE. 3·1·58 to 12·15·63 ReriredMn. Floyd McNaughtonExt. Asst .• 3·1-44 to 12·31·44 War Food PTOg.Ruth E. EdisonExt. Asst .• 7·1·45 to 12·31·45 War Food PTOg.Ruth E. Edison MawbyHDA. 1·1·4610 10·31·52 UTban Frog.Dorothy ShoesmithHDA. 8·1·51 to 7·31·53

Cecile N. GebhartHDA. 9·1·51 to 7·31·52Eunice PardeeHDA. 8·1·53 to 11·7·53 At·IaTgeMary Lou MullerHDA. 2·1·54 to 7·11·54 At·IaTge; TTans. to CIaTe. GladwinAlfreda H. McGuireHDA. 7·1·56 to 2·28·58 ReappointmenlEHE. 3·1·5810 9·30·65EHE. 10·1·6510 7·31· 75 wlAllegan. Ottawa; RetiTedPhyllis O. ConstanceEHE. 4·1·6410 9·30·65 Trans. to 4·H

Ann P. ScottEHE. 11·1·7010 11·30·79 wlAllegan. OttawaLinda A. SwartEHE. 11·1·73 to 8·31· 74Sharon L. AndersonEHE. 3·15· 7510 9·30·77 Trans. 10State Office; MSUSonia M. RuizEHE. 9·8· 75 to 2·8· 78 ENP; wlAllegan. OttawaKathleen J. MajewskiEHE. 5·1·7810 9·10· 79 ENPEHE. 9·11· 79 10date

Pamela RichardsonEHE. 6·1·79 to 8·31·79 ENPC. Hunsberger4·H. 7·1.14 to 10·15·14 Temp.J. F. Machotka4·H. 7·1·1510 9·15·15L. L. Markley4·H. 7·1·17 to 9·8·17

Glenn O. Stewart4·H. 11·1·17106·30·18

B. J. Ford4·H. 7·1·1810 10·31·18Grace M. Watson4·H. 4·1·1810 6·30·184·H. 7·1·20106·30·21Frank A. Davis4·H. 5·16·1910 11·30·19

Temp.

Temp.

Temp.

Temp.

Temp.Temp.

Temp.

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KEWEENAW COUNTYF. Earl Haas4·H. 11·1·35 to 10·6·414·H. 10·7·41 to 3·11·46

O. Raymond Lamb4·H. 10·15·41 to 9·30·42

Daniel W. Anderson4·H. 12·15·46 to 10·31·49

Russell Mawby4·H. 6·15·49 to 9·15·49

Einer G. Olstrom4·H. 11·1·49 to 6·30·52MichaelLeen4·H. 6·18·51 to 8·31·51

Donald Harmer4·H. 6·1·52 to 8·31·52Pearl Boerma4·H. 9·1·52 to 2·28·53Kathryn 1. Stencel4·H. 2·1·53 to 9·15·56

Ralph E. Kirch. Jr.4·H. 3·1·53 to 8·31·60

Dean Allen4·H. 6·15·53 to 8·31·53

Don 1.Hine4·H. 8·1·55 to 2·28·584·H. 3·1·58 to 8·31·58

Maurice Roberts4·H. 6·15·57 to 8·31·57

Eleanor J. Wojeciechowski4·H. 10·1·57 to 8·31·59

wlAUegan. Barry. OttawaMilitary leave See Houghton-Keweenaw

wlAUegan. Barry. Ottawa LAKE COUNTY

Trans. to Lake. Manistee. Mason Charles 1. RoseCAA. 5·1·17 to 10·31·17 wlOsceoiaLowell B. ThomasCAA. 4·1·29 to 9·30·33

Fred M. DostalCAA. 3·1·56 to 5·30·58CEO. 6·1·58 to 9·30·65CENRA. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 to 12·31·79 Retired

Jeff NieseCEO. 4·15·80 to date

Trans. to Missaukee

Nellie B. KannoEHE. 11·1·72 to 9·10· 73 wlManistee. MasonRuth M. HoolihanEHE. 12·17·73 to 2·29·80 Retired

LAPEER COUNTY

John W. ScullyCAA. 5·1·17 to 10·31·17

Leon Thomas BishopCAA. 3·30·18 to 10·31·20

Stanley F. WellmanCAA. 11·1·20 to 8·31·21

A. J. PatchCAA. 9·1·21 to 10.31·24

Clarence 1. BolanderCAA. 1·1·31 to 4·15·35

Richard C. LottCAA. 4·8·35 to 7·31·45 Trans. to GeneseeStanley A. MahaffyCAA. 7·15·45 to 9·30·53CAA. 10·1·53 to 8·31·54 Study leaveMarvin M. EppelheimerCAA. 9·16·53 to 11·30·55 Trans. to Branch

Urban Prog.Trans. to Wayne

Charles 1. Lang4·H. 2·1·59 to 9·30·654·H. 10·1·65 to 2·28·67 wlAUegan. Ottawa4·H. 3·1·67 to 6·1·67 Study leaveRuth Alice Lord4·H. 8·1·59 to 11·30-59

William A. Milbrath4·H. 1·1·60 to 6·15·62 Trans. to BerrienMarianne McKenzie4·H. 6·1·60 to 9·1·60

Ellen Ruby Ross4·H. 2·15·61 to 1·31·62Lois Mary Erdman4·H. 4·23·62 to 11·20·63

Dennis K. Sellers4·H. 1·1·64 to 11·15·65

Kay Frances Robinson4·H. 2·17·64 to 9·18-65

Phyllis O. Constance4·H. 10·1·65 to 2·28-74

Albert T. HallTwp. EAA. 11·1·53 to 3·31·59 Almont Twp.• Trans. to HilLsdale

Alan F. VincentACAA. 10·1·54 to 6·30·55

James 1. CrosbyACAA. 11·1·55 to 3·31·58EAA. 4·1·58 to 6·30·58 Trans. to Ogemaw

wlAUegan. Ottawa

Robert S. LincolnCAA. 1·1·56 to 3·31·58CEO. 4·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·65 to 6·30·68

John A. SpeicherACAA. 9·1·56 to 3·31·58EAA. 4·1-58 to 9-30-63

Leo DorrEAA. 9-15·60 to 9·30-65EAA. 10-1-65 to 6·30-68CAA. 7-1·68 to 2·28-69CEO. 3-1-69 to 12-31· 73

Chas. MulhollandEAA. 6-15·68 to 7·31-73Thomas 1. ThorburnEAA. 7-1-71 to 2·28·74CEO. 3-1-74 to 1-31·78

Edward A. SchramskiEAA. 12·20·74 to 7-9·79

James M. HutchinsonCEO. 7-1-78 to date

Trans. wMSU

Retired RetiredBernard Alan Snider4·H. 10·1-66 to 9-15· 71John 1. Marra4-H. 9-15-71 to 1·22·75

Suzann E. Van Develde4-H. 6·1-74 to 6-30· 754·H. 7·1-75 to 3-21-764·H. 3-22· 76 to 5-31·76

Lynn Van Drie4·H. 3-22-76 to 6-30-78

Richard G. Murphy4·H. 7-1·76 to 8-31-77

Kenneth W. Cornelisse4-H. 1·1-78 to date

Juanita F. Mourning4·H. 9-1-78 to 10-2-79

wlOttawa; Trans. to MSU DairyDairy; Study leave

Dairy

wlAllegan. OttawaTrans. to Genesee

wlAllegan. Ottawa Study leave. MSU

wlAUegan. Ottawa

281

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Natalie BementEAA. 1·2·80 to date wlMacombClyde R. CunninghamDMA. 8·16·54 to 2·29·56 wlGenesee. Macomb. SI. C!.Ur

John K. BrayDMA. 6·1·56 to 8·31·58 wlGenesee. SI. C!.Ur; Trans. to Emmel

Archibald R. JohnsonDFMA. 4·20· 7310 1·31·80 E. Disl.; RetiredRuth H. CollarHDA. 7·1·4610 12·31·46

Dorothy H. PohlHDA. 6·1·47103·31·58EHE. 4·1·58 to 9·30·65EHE. 10·1·651011·30·65

Judith Ann HardingEHE. 7·20·67 to 10·31·67

wlGenesee. SI. C!.Ur; Retired

wlGeneseeVirginia OrtizEHE. 4·15·68 to 8· 31· 77 wlGenesee; Trans. 10Monroe

Jeralyn J. PigottEHE. 12·1· 77 to 9·30· 78 wlGeneseeEHE. 10·1·78 to 2·28· 79

E. Aliene MillsEHE. 3·1·79 to date

Stephana Buder4·H. 7·1·20108·31·20 wlMacombHarold Canfield4·H. 12·1·20 to 6·30·214·H. 8·15·2210 4·15·23Freeman M. Kam4·H. 4·16·23 to 4·30·24

Harry K. Wakefield4·H. 11·1·35 to 12·31·36

Kenneth J. Anderson4·H. 1·25·37 to 10·31·47

Trans. to SI. C!.Ur

Walter J. Messer4·H. 11·1·4710 3·31·55

John J. Bondarenko4·H. 7·1·5510 9·16·55

Junior E. Malosh4·H, 11·1·5510 9·30·65 Trans. 10OgemawMitchell R. Geasler4·H, 10·1·6510 12·31·65 wlGenesee, SI. Clair

wlMacombwlMacomb

wlMacomb

wlMacomb, Sanilac, SI. Clair

wlMacomb, Sanilac, SI. Clair;

Trans. 10Luce

Richard J. Strong4·H. 8·15·6610 10·31· 70 wlGenesee, SI. Clair; Trans. 10Grand TraversePhillip C. TIgges4·H, 2·1·7110 4·30·75 wlGeneseeSharon K. Fritz4·H, 5·21· 7610 date

LEELANAU COUNTY

A. W.MebertCAA, 5·1·1710 10·31·17 wlBenveRobert A. WileyCAA, 5·2·1810 2·15·19 wlBenveVictor C. VaughanCAA. 10·4·2010 12·31·22

Charles E. AtwaterCAA. 3·15·2510 10·10·26 wlGrand TraverseElmerL. DeoCAA. 12·1·43106·5·45 DeceasedStanley BallCAA. 8·15·4510 5·31·58CED. 6·1·5810 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·6510 2·28·69CED. 3·1·6910 6·30·69 Retired

282

Theodore M. ThomasCED. 7·1·69104·15·76 Trans.loDHMA

James E. NugentCED. 6·18·7610 date

Lowain ChurchillHDA. 8·1·38104·5·41 wlBentie, Grand Traverse, ManisteeBetty Eo DehnHDA. 7·1·4110 8·10·43 wlBentie, Grand Traverse, ManisteeLowena L. MurphyHDA. 11·1·4310 1·19·47 wlGrand Traverse; Trans. 10 InghamEdna D. AlsupHDA. 8·1·47106·30·56EHE. 6·1·6110 9·30·65EHE. 10·1·6510 8·31· 70EHE. 9·1· 701011·30· 70EHE. 12·1·70107·31·72

Ann Eickmeyer WeignerHDA. 7·1·5610 12·31·57Virginia E. BlackwoodHDA, 1·20·5810 5·30·58EHE. 6·1·5810 12·31·59Mary Ellen KrupkaEHE. 3·1·60 10 5·31·61

wlBenVe. Grand TraversewlBenve, Grand TraversewlAnlTim, Benzie, Grand Traverse, KalkaskaTravel leaveRetired

Jeanette B. ShadkoEHE. 1·1·6810 12·31· 73

Joan S. McGarryEHE, 8·15· 72 10 date

E. H. Wilcox4·H. 4·1·18106·30·18

Robert W. Ries4·H. 8·1·4310 12·31·44

Andrew L. Olson4·H. 1·1·45106·30·564·H. 7·1·5610 6·30·654·H. 7·1·6510 7·31·70

Retired

Richard J. Strong4·H. 11·1·7010 date

wlBenve

wlAnlTim, Benzie, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska

wlAnlTim, Benzie, Grand Traverse

wlBenVe, Grand TraverseGrand TraversewlAnlTim, Benzie, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska;

wlAnlTim. Benne, Grand Traverse, Kalkaska

LENA WEE COUNTY

Curtis L. CoffeenCAA. 8·23·1510 4·1·20CAA, 5·1·2210 5·10·26

Ralph J. CarrCAA. 4-1·2010 3·31·22

Alfa B. Van SchoikCAA. 11·1·2610 11·30·28Clarence E. RipperCAA, 8·1·3310 10·31·33

Clinton P. MilhamCAA, 2·11·3410 2·29·36 Trans. 10GratiolLouisG. HallCAA. 4·6·3610 2·28·58CED, 3·1·5810 6·30·60 Retired

Robert J. LaserACAA, 1·1·4610 11·15·48 Trans. 10Monroe

Marvin M. EppelheimerACAA. 2·1·4910 7·14·52 Milirary leaveVictor E. CronkACAA. 6·25·5110 10·31·53

Clayton C. IngersonACAA. 1·11·5410 2·28·58ACAA. 3·1·5810 8·31·58 Leave, Pakisran Proj.

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John W. ComstockCAA. 1-1-5910 6-30-60CED. 7-1-60 to 9-30-65CAA. 10-1-6510 2-28-69CED. 3-1-69 to 10-31-75 Trans. to WashtenawJames l. Sprague. Jr.EAA. 9-1-60 to 9-15-61 ReappointmentNorman H. BlessEAA. 10-1-6110 9-30-65EAA. 10-1-6510 10-31-68DFMA. 11-1-6810 12-31-75CED. 1-1-76 to date

Richard J. AllenEAA. 5-1-69 to date

Russell F. McDonaldDMA. 9-1-6010 7-31-62DMA. 8-1-62 10 7-31-63Willard L. McleodDMA. 3-20-6410 4-30-66

Trans. to DFMA, S. E. Mich.Trans. to CED

wlHiUsdalewIJackson

wlJackson, Monroe, WashtenawGeorge K. DikeDMA, 6-1-55 to 9-30-57

Eunice Anderson PardeeHDA, 1-1-29 to 12-31-30

Myrtle McCombHDA, 6-16-29 to 6-30-29

Beatrice C. FrangquistHDA, 8-15-43 to 6-30-50

Helen M. GreenwoodHDA, 9-19-49 to 3-10-51

Ruth A. McIlnayHDA, 9-1-5110 7-31-52

Joseph A. BrighentiHDA. 7-1-53 to 8-31-56

Barbara l. JohnsonHDA. 10-24-5510 1-15-57

Faye NicholsHDA. 9-1-5610 2-28-58EHE. 3-1-58 to 7-31-60

Ruth Alice LordHDA, 3-1-5710 6-30-57

Frances A. Carstens SnowEHE, 2-1-61 to 9-30-65EHE, 10-1-6510 2-15-67 w/Monroe, Washtenaw; DeceasedBarbara A. Bianco LeKashmanEHE, 3-1-69 to 3-31-70 w/Monroe, Washtenaw; Part-time'

Barbara Jean YeakelEHE, 7-20-7010 12-31-74 w/Monroe. Washtenaw; Trans. 10Houghton

Susan Smalley LambrechtEHE, 6-1-72 to 6-30-76 w/Monroe, Washtenaw; Trans. 10 Ioseo

Study leaIJe

SabbaticalleaIJe

Trans. to Isabella

Trans. to At-large

Ann L. HinsdaleEHE, 9-1-76 to date w/Monroe, WashtenawLeonard G. Morse4-H, 5-1-1810 9-30-18

Marjorie E. Place4-H, 6-1-20 to 4-15-23

George S. Hendrick4-H, 4-16-23 10 8-15-24

Florence Westerman4-H, 3-1-2510 10-31-26

James P. Hoeksema4-H, 1-1-2910 12-31-30

Robert J. Laser4-H, 11-1-41 to 6-30-424-H, 10-1-43 to 12-31-45

Stanley Ball4-H, 7-1-4210 9-30-43

Trans. to MSUTrans. to ACAA

Trans. to St. Clair

Irving R. Wyeth4-H, 1-1-4610 1-31-464-H, 5-6-46 to 6-17-50 Trans. to At-largeDale H. Stangland4-H, 6-19-50 to 9-30-51

Raymond R. Ranta4-H, 12-1-51 to 2-28-54 Trans. to State 4-H StaffJames W. Pelham4-H, 6-1-54 to 6-30-55

Ray H. Peffers4-H, 7-1-55 to 6-30-57

Ruth Alice Lord4-H, 7-1-57 to 7-31-59

John W. Comstock4-H, 9-1-5710 12-31-58 Trans. to CAA

Max Erwin Benne4-H, 1-1-59 to 3-17-59

Gary L. Seevers4-H, 4-1-59 to 4-30-62

Jane E. Campbell4-H, 8-1-60 to 5-31-62

Sharon L. Jackson4-H, 7-1-62 to 9-13-63

J. Ray Gillespie4-H, 7-1-62 to 9-30-654-H, 10-1-65 to 9-15-66 w/Monroe, Washtenaw; Trans. to MSUElizabeth N. McPherson4-H, 10-21-6310 11-30-64

Susan Gleason Taylor4-H, 2-1-6510 7-31-66

Mary Seberger Hanson4-H, 10-17-66 to 5-31-67

William Dale Walter4-H, 8-1-66 to 6-30-674-H, 7-1-67 to 12-31-73

Patricia Joy Johnson4-H, 7-1-67 to 6-30-69

Joyce L. Van Benschoten4-H, 11-15-7410 2-28-75 w/Monroe, Washtenaw

w/Monroe, Washtenaw

w/Monroe, Washtenaw; Trans. to Genesee

Dyle G. Henning4-H, 9-1-75 to date w/Monroe, Washtenaw

LIVINGSTON COUNTY

Horace W. NortonCAA, 5-1-17 to 10-31-17

Fred S. DunksCAA, 2-20-18 to 2-28-22

Clarence L. BolanderCAA, 5-10-22 to 12-31-30 Trans. 10LapeerMather F. ThurstonCAA, 8-5-33 to 10-31-33

Sidney B. ThomasCAA, 11-1-3410 12-17-45 DeceasedJohn T. StoneCAA, 2-1-4610 9-14-49

Charles R. KaufmanCAA, 10-1-48 to 5-30-58CED, 6-1-58 to 9-30-62 Trans. to DEA

George C. MacQueenEAA, 7-1-56 to 4-30-63 Trans. to ClareJack L. ParkerCED, 12-1-62 to 11-30-64

Duane S. GirbachCAA, 10-1-63 to 11-30-64CED, 12-1-64 to 9-30-65CAA, 10-1-65 to 2-28-69CED, 3-1-69 to date

Trans. to Muskegon

283

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Hans H. HaugardCRDA, 1·1·59 to 9·30·65CENRA, 10·1·65 to 3·31·69

"·1·69 to 6-30· 72 ReliTedCharles R. KaufmanDCRDA,10·1·62t09·30·6<4 N.E., s.c., S.E. Disrs.DRDA, 8·1·6<4 to 6·30·66 Lealie, Nigerian Proj.

Richard D. MillerRDA, 2·1·73 to date

Margaret R. StuartHDA, 7-1·"7 to 12·31·50Mildred Chapel8inderHDA, 6-25-51 to 9-30-65

Mary B. PetenEHE, 12·1·70 to 3·20· 77 ",/Eaton, Ingham; Trans. to BemieSally A. WheekerEHE, 8·1· 77 to date

Hildred J. Hart".H, 1·1-<46to 1·16·55 Trans. to SI. JosephGeorge C. MacQueen".H, 2·16-55 to 6·30·56 Trans. to EAA

William L. Bortel".H, 7·1·56 to 3·31-59Duane S. Girbach"·H, 6-1·57 to 9·30-63 Trans. to CAA

Harry A. FOIIter".H, 10-1·63 to 9·30·65".H, 10·1·65 to 1·21·66 ",/Eaton, InghamThomas A. Wilkinson".H, 2·1·66 to .••.•·67 ",lEaton. InghamTeena McLaughlin MunaeU".H, 8·1·67 to 10·31·69 ",/Eaton, InghamJohn Charles Gam"·H, 6·1·70 to 12·31·71 Trans. to CalhounWm. C. Kuechenmeister"·H, 11·22·71 to date ",lEaton, Ingham

Roy C. SpanglerCED, 8·10· 70 to 1·31·73 Milira" lealleNelson D. CushmanCED, 7·1-71 to 3-31·77 Disability retirementG. Eldon BowenCED, 8·15·77 to dateMalinda R. Cameron"·H, 1·1·20 to 12·31·20"·H, 7·1·22 to 12·31·22"·H, "·1·23 to 9·30·23".H, 5·1·2 .• to 10·31·2<4

Charles E. Blakeslee".H, 6-1·3" to 8·31·3"".H, 7·1·35 to 8·31·35

Nancy LKipling"·H, 5·1·79 to date ",!Schoolcraft

MACKINAC COUNTY

Melvin A. LeachCAA. 5·1·17 to 10·31·17 ",lLuceWilliam CargoCAA, 1·6·37 to 4·30·41 ",/Alger. Lace, SchoolcraftWilliam G. BattanCAA, 7·15·4<4 to 3·1·"5 ",lLuce; DeceasedGlenn W. SommerfeldtCAA. 12·1·56 to 2·28·58CERDA. 3·1·58 to 6·30-59 Trans.William F. MullerCERDA. 8·1·59 to 10·30·61CED. 11·1·61 to 9·30·65CENRA. 10·1·65 to 8·31·67 Trans. to OaklandDaniel A. NapierCENRA. 2·1·68 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to 8·31·69 Trans. to LuceRobert P. SpositoCED. 2·23·70 to 10·30·78CENRA. 11·1·78 to date Tourism; Alpena. Che/xrygan. Chippewa. Lace,

Presque IsleJudith WatsonCED. 12·1·78 to date

Roberta M. RodgenEHE. 6·16·67 to 2·28·69 tIl/Chippewa. Luce; Trans. to IoniaJudith Watson"·H. 9·1· 78 to 11·30· 78 tIl/Chippewa. Luce, Schoolcraft; Trans. to CED

LUCECOUNTY

Melvin A. LeachCAA. 5·1·17 to 6·30·18 ",!MackinacRoy Harry CameronCAA. 7·1·18 to 7·31·26Calvin P. WestCAA. 11·1·26 to 2·29·32

Lyle B. AbelCAA. 6·10·"1 to 6·30·4<4 ",!Mackinac; Trans.William G. BattanCAA. 7·15-4<4to 3-1·45 ",!Mackinac; DeceasedArthur D. MarkleCAA. 1·15·"6 to 12·31·50 ",!MackinacKarl Edwin LanonCAA. 1·1·51 to 12·31·54 ",!MackinacWalter J. MesserCAA. "·1·55 to 2·3·56 w!MackinacRay B. GummersonCAA, 4·1·56 to 2·28·58 ",!MackinacCERDA. 3·1·58 to 10·30·61CED. 11·1-61 to 3·31·65 Trans. to DEL-NR. U.P.James NealCED. 6·18·65 to 9·30·65CENRA. 10·1·65 to 9·30·67 Trans. to S.E. Mich .. GeneseePeter C. GrievesCENRA, 11·1·67 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to 6·30·69Daniel A. NapierCED, 9·1·69 to 4·10· 70

MACOMB COUNTYR. G. PottsCAA. 5·1·17 to 10·31·17Howard V. KittleCAA. 6·15·18 to 8·31·19

Erwin O. AndersonCAA. 9·23·19 to 3·9·20

William MurphyCAA. 3·22·20 to 3·31·25CAA. "·1·27 to 6·30·5" RetiredGeorge S. HedrickCAA. 4·1·25 to 3·31·27

William Rupp, Jr.ACAA. 12·17·53 to 6·30·5"CAA. 7·1·54 to 11·15·55 Trans. to KentLloyd A. MitterlingACAA. 7·1·5 .• to 8·31·55

Jack A. PrescottACAA, 7·1·55 to 11·15·55CAA. 11-16-55 to 2·28·58CED. 3·1·58 to 9-30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1-69 to 12·31·78 Retired

284

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Mary L. Walquist4-H, 4-1-58 to 8-15-61

Ivan M. Lappin4-H, 8-15-58 to 12-31-61

Leslie A. Mack4-H, 7-1-61 to 4-30-65 Trans. to MSU

William J. Collins4-H, 10-1-65 to date

Marie Wells Remer4-H,I-I-7Itodate

Glenn W. SommerfeldtACAA, 11-16-55 to 11-30-56 Trans. to Mackinac

William S. PryerACAA. 5-1-57 to 7-31-57

Theodore S. LeipprandtACAA, EAA, 2-1-58 to 3-31-59

John M. Burdick. Jr.EAA. 8-15-59 to 7-31-62

Janet L. VoorheisCED, 1-1-79 to date

W. Lane RushmoreEHA. 1-16-56 to 5-31-63 Trans. to NewaygoMax Eugene AustinEHA, 5-4-64 to 12-6-64 Trans. to OaklandMunns A. CaldwellEHA, 12-7-64 to 9-30-69EHA, 10-1-69 to 5-31-73 wISt. Clair; Retired

Gerald L. NybergEHA, 6-1-73 to 8-31-74 wISt. ClairAllen P. KrizekEHA, 2-1-75 to 2-29-80 wlLIpeer, St. Clair; Trans. to EatonWilliam F. MullerDHA. 5-1-74 to date S.£. Mich.

William J. CollinsEAA, 7-1-62 to 9-30-65 Dairy; Trans. to 4-H

Stephen R. StewartDMA. 10-1-77 to date Sea Grant Prall.

Doug JardineEAA. 5-1-80 to date

Sylvia Germonprez TeschlerHDA, 5-1-47 to 5-31-52

Doris E. BrosseauHDA. 7-1-53 to 7-15-55Bernice M. laFreniereHDA. 8-1-55 to 8-31-60 Study lealJeEHE, 9-1-60 to 8-25-61

Lois E. HonoreEHE, 12-1-59 to 8-30-60

Evelyn M. DeNikeEHE, 3-1-61 to 7-31-63

Marlene W. PetersonEHE, 9-1-61 to 9-30-65

Margaret L. StoneEHE. 8-1-61 to 8-17-62

Marilyn DelongEHE. 4-1-63 to 10-31-64

Mary Szvdlik LongEHE, 7-1-64 to date

Anne J. KinselEHE, 2-1-65 to 8-31-65 Trans. to MSUMary A. HardyEHE, 10-1-65 to 6-30-67 wlOakland, WayneEHE, 7-1-67 to 6-30-69 wISt. ClairMarilyn E. RudzinskiEHE. 4- 20- 70 to date wISt. ClairFloyd W. Hicks4-H, 1-20-47 to 8-31-51 Trans. to u.P.William Rupp, Jr.4-H, 9-1-51 to 12-16-53 Trans. toACAA

Glenn W. Sommerfeldt4-H. 12-17-53 to 11-15-55 Trans. to ACAA

John R. Overton4-H. 1-9-56 to 11-30-56 MiliUlry lealJe4-H. 3-1-58 to 7-5-58

Maxine Harris Sayre4-H. 6-1-56 to 4-19-58

MANISTEE COUNTY

Frank SandhammerCAA, 7-1-16 to 1-20-19

Carl H. KnopfCAA, 1-16-19 to 3-15-23 Trans. to MuskegonHarold McClothin VaughanCAA, 3-16-23 to 1-31-26

Justin C. CashCAA, 2-1-26 to 3-31-27

Wayne I. CramptonCAA. 4-1-27 to 7-31-58 Retired

Russell N. JohnsonACAA. 1-10-41 to 9-8-41

C. Earl McleodACAA, 6-16-57 to 7-31-58CEO, 8-1-58 to 8-31-64Charles L. CooperEAA, 7-1-62 to 2-20-66 4-H; Trans. tolacksonNorman J. BrownCEO, 9-1-64 to 9-30-65CAA, 10-1-65 to 7-31-66 Trans.Larry J. BradfordCAA. 8-1-66 to 3-31-69CEO. 3-1-69 to 7-30-80 Trans. to DHMAOHMA, 5-1-80 to date

Gerald E. DraheimCEO, 10-1-80 to date

Alice M. KuenzliHDA, 9-15-18 to 2-1-20

Grace PinnellHDA. 4-20-20 to 6-30-21

Vivian E. RaeHDA. 7-1-54 to 6-30-56 wIMasonJosephine A. BrighentiHDA, 10-1-56 to 7-31-58EHE, 8-1-58 to 3-31-60

Evadna Kay SmithEHE. 7-1-60 to 7-21-61

Aune I. NelsonEHE, 8-15-62 to 9-30-65 Trans. to GogebicGail F. ImigEHE, 6-12-67 to 6-20-68 wlLIke. Mason; Trans. to MSULuella Schrier HamiltonEHE, 6-17-68 to 12-31-74 wlLIke, Mason; Retired

Corrine M. HahnEHE, 3-1-76 to date w/Mason

Daniel W. Anderson4-H, 10-1-45 to 12-14-464-H. 11-1-49 to 2-11-50

Edgar C. Kidd4-H, 4-1-48 w 6-15-49

Trans. to KentwlLIke. Mason

wlLIke. Mason; Trans. w CheboyganE. Dean Raven4-H. 5-1-50w 6-30-54 wlLIke, MasonJames H. Luther4-H, 7-1-54 to 6-30-56 wlLIke, Mas(m

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Benjamin C. Porter4-H. 7-1-58 108-31-61

Judith Ann Kine4-H.8-15-66108-31-66 w/Lake. MasonCharles V. Petenon4-H. 7-1-67109-15-68 w/Lake. Mason

Burton J. Stanlev4·H. 1-17-69 to 5-31-73 w/Lake. Mason; Trans. to AntrimRobert F. Ojala4-H. 8-1-73 to 8-14-76 w/Lake. Mason; Trans. to OscodaRobert H. Haile4-H. 1-1·77 to 12-31-78 w/Lake. Mason; RetiredJohn G. Evert4-H. 1-1-8010 date w/Lake. Mason

Henry W. Boulev4-H. 5-1-29 to 6-30-294-H. 4-1-30 to 6-30-304-H. 5-1-43 to 9-30-43Frank L. Degenaer4-H. 10-15-48 to 2-9-51 w/BaragaDouelas S. Turini4-H. 6-11-51 10 12-31-53 wlBaraga4-H. 4-1-54104-15-57

Paul W. Shogren. Jr.4-H. 6-1-63 to 12-6-64

San B. Swanson4-H. 7-1-65 109-30-654-H. 10-1-65 to 12-31-66Leslie J. Latvala4-H. 1-1-67 to 6-30-68

wlAlgerwlAlger

wlAlgerMARQUETTE COUNTY Dennis K. Sellen

4-H. 7-1-68 to 5-31-69 wlAlgerLee RoV WalkerCAA. 7-1-15 to 9-30-45 RetiredRoland H. KavenCAA. 9-1-45 to 5-20·51

Melvin N. NyquistCAA. 5·21-51 to 5-31-58CED. 6·1-58 to 9-30-65CENRA. 10-1-65 to 2-28-69 wlAlgerCED. 3·1-69 to 5-31-77 RetiredMary E. LuttinenCED. 10·1-77 to date

August F. BlomeERDA. 12-1-7810 date

Esther KeatingHDA. 12-18-17103-31·19

Sylvia WixsonHDA. 9-15-2110 1·31-24 Trans. 10MSUMarion Rider HoffmanHDA. 2-1·2410 9·15-25HDA. 9-15-2910 10-15-29

Gladys HoffHDA. 9·15-2510 4-30-28

Alberta L. BatesHDA. 5·1·2810 3-31-30Dorothy C. ClanahanHDA. 4·14·3010 6-30-32

Rose Mary FornoHDA. 7·22-4610 3-19·47

Jayne Rae NordHDA. 5-10-4710 10·31·49

Luella M. NaultHDA. 12-1·4910 12·31·54 Trans. to MuskegonOlive K. SainHDA. 1·1·5510 5·31·58EHE. 6·1-58 to 9-30-65EHE. 10·1·65 to 8·31·67 wlAlgerPhyllis J. PayneEHE. 9-1·6710 6-30-73 wlAlgerMary Luttinen PierceEHE. II-I· 7310 9·30· 77 wlAlger; Trans. 10CEDHoward C. Rather4-H. 9-1·17 10 9-30-17 Temp.F. F. Musselman4-H. 6-1-1810 6-24-18 Temp.Simon Andenon4·H. 7·1-18 to 9-30-18 Temp.Clarence C. Walthers4-H. 6·1-24 to 11-30·24 Temp.Henry W. Bouley4·H. 7-1·2810 9·30·28 Temp.

James A. Schultz4-H. 10-27-69 to 12-31-76 wlAlgerThalia F. Johnson4-H. 1-1-77 to date wlAlger. DeltaJohn M. Middleton4-H. 1-1-78/03-31-79 Energy Proj.; w/Baraga. Houghton;

Trans. to Alger

MASON COUNTY

Russell V. TannerCAA. 2-16-16 to 8-27·17

Weslev J. CookCAA. 8-20-17/0 8-31·19Kris Paul BemisCAA. 3-15-20109-15-23Orlev Glen BarrettCAA. 7-21-24 to 10-31-26

Harold J. LanenCAA. 5-1-30 to 12-31-33CAA. 1-1-34 to 2-29-56 w/LakeCAA. 3-1-56 to 9-30-58CED. 8-1-5810 4-30-60 RetiredRussell N. JohnsonACAA. 5-1-39 to 2-15-40 Trans. to OceanaE. Dean RavenACAA. 7-1-54107-31-58EAA. 8-1-58 to 4·30-60CED. 5-1-6010 9-30-65CAA. 10-1-65 to 2-28-69CED. 3-1-69 to date

Richard S. AustinEAA. 7-15-6010 12-31-66 Stud:y Iea\le; Trans. to ShiawasseeLou Ella ButlerHDA. 2-1-18 to 6-30·19

Norma BarrHDA. 10-1-35 to 7-31·37 w/Lake. Osceola. WexfordDorothv M. RudenbergHDA. 8-20-45 to 6-30-46 w/Lake. OsceolaVivian E. RaeHDA. 7-1-54 to 6-30-56 wlManisteeFrances G. BakerHDA. 8-1-56 to 12-31-57EHE. 1-1-58 to 3-31-59 Trans. to BaragaBetty L SargentEHE. 8-1-5910 12-31-60 Trans. 10MissaukeeSally W. MoffettEHE. 8-1-60 to 9-7-62Marion K. MaxonEHE. 9-16-62 to 4-30-67 Trans. to Wexford

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Gail F. ImigEHE, 6·12·6710 6·20·68 wlI..ake, Manistee; Trans. 10MSULueUa Schrier HamiltonEHE, 6·17·6810 12·31· 74 wlI..ake, Manistee; RetiredCorrine M. HahnEHE, 3·1· 7610 date wlManisteeLowell B. Thomas4·H, 11·15·3510 1·31·39 Reappointed; wlI..ake, Osceola, WexfordEdward C. Pagel4·H, 3·20·3910 5·15·43 wlI..ake, OsceolaCyril J. Hemmer4·H, 7·15·4310 5·15·45 wlI..ake, Manistee, Wexford; ResignedDaniel W. Anderson4·H, 10·1·4510 12·14·46 w/Lake, ManisteeEdgar C. Kidd4·H, 4·1·4810 6·15·49 wlI..ake, Manistee; Trans. 10CheboyganE. Dean Raven4·H, 5·1·50w 6·30·54 wlManistee, Mason, Lake; Trans. w CAA

James H. Luther4·H, 7·1·54 to 6·30·56 wlManistee, Mason, LakeCharles V. Peterson4·H, 7·1·67 w 9·15·68 wlI..ake, ManisteeBurton J. Stanley4·H, 1·17·6910 5·31·73 wlLake, Manistee; Trans. 10AntrimRobert F. Ojala4·H, 8·1·7310 8·14· 76 wlI..ake, Manistee; Trans. 10OscodaRobert H. Haile4·H, 12·6·76 to 12·31· 78 w/Lake, Manistee; RetiredJohn G. Evert4·H, 1·1·80 to date wlLake, Manistee

MECOSTA COUNTY

B. J. FordCAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31·17

Paul H. SmithCAA, 3·30·18 to 12·31·19

Murray F. JacksonCAA, 2·1·20 to 3·31·25

Ellis E. TwingCAA, 5·1·25 to 12·31·33

Bohn E. MusgraveCAA, 1·1·3410 6·30·54 Trans. to MSUJames 1.MyersCAA, 10·1·54 to 2·28·58CEO, 3·1·58 to 6·19·63OFMA, 6·20·63 10date N. Mich.John A. CateyCEO, 8·1·63 to 9·30·64

Ray E. HowardCEO, 11·1·64 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to dateElsie TItsworthHOA, 9·1·39 to 2·28·43 wlMuskegon, OceanaJune C. BrownHOA, 3·1·44 to 9·16·45 wfNewaygo, OceanaGail S. CleggHOA, 10·1·46 to 7·16·49 wlLake, OsceolaAnn La Verne GarrowHOA, 8·16·4910 9·15·52 wlLake, OsceolaJean McKinley WilsonHOA, 10·1·52 to 1·1·55 wlLake, OsceolaEmma Olson PayneHOA, 7·1·55 to 9·30·57

Wilma M. StevensHOA, 10·1·57 to 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 8·15·60

Freda A. OlshewskyEHE, 8·15·60 to 7·15·61

Betty 1.GuettlerEHE, 1·1·62 to 4·30·63

Evelyn C. WinkelmanEHE, 9·20·63 to 2·29·64

Louisa N. GrabauEHE, 7·1·65 to 2·28·67EHE, 3·1·67 to 6·30·67

Cherry E. MacDonaldEHE, 9·1· 76 to date

Marsha Kay ClarkEHE, 9·1·76 to 10·31·79

Helen Retoska4·H, 5·15·18 to 8·31·18

Evangeline A. Pryer4·H, 6·1·18 to 8·31·18

B. J. Ford4·H, 1·1·18 to 6·30·18

Stanley A. Mahaffy4·H, 1·1·42 to 1·31·44 wlMuskegon, Newaygo, OceanaArthur R. Kinsman4·H, 2·1·44 to 5·31·45 wfNewaygo, Oceana

w/Clare, Gladwin, Isabellaw/Osceola

William C. Butts4·H, 9·1·45 to 12·14·464·H, 12·15·46 to 7·31·53

Trans. to CAA, OsceolaDean L. Quirin4·H, 8·1·53 to 6·19·554·H, 6·20·5510 2·28·57

George H. Bartlett4·H, 6·20·55 to 2·29·56

Herbert V. Schroeder. Jr.4·H, 3·1·57 to 12·31·57

Robert H. Haile4·H, 2·1·58 to 9·19·644·H, 9·20·6410 3·20·654·H, 3·21·6510 6·30·67

Gordon 1. Reyburn4·H, 7·1·67 to 11·30·68

David O. Pratt:4·H, 1·20·69 to 9·30·73 w/Osceola

wfNewaygo, Oceanaw/Lake, Osceola;

w/Lake, OsceolaTrans. to Montcalm

wlLake, Osceola; Trans. to Wexford

w/OsceolaStudy leatleTrans. to Huron

Joseph A. Lessard4·H, 1·21· 74 to 12·31· 76 w/Osceola4·H, 1·1·77 to 12·31·79 Trans. to Shiawassee

MENOMINEE COUNTY

Elton B. HillCAA, 7·1·16 [01·15·19 Trans. [0 MSUEdward G. AmosCAA, 2·21·19 to 8·31·19

Irving KirshmanCAA, 12·1·19 to 11·30·22

Karl KnausCAA, 6·15·23 [0 6·30·27

Clifford E. SkiverCAA, 10·16·27 to 6·15·30

Bernard D. KuhnCAA, 7·1·30 to 7·31·41 Trans. [0 MSUGeorge D. HurrellACAA, 5·1·39to 2·14·40

Gail E. BowersCAA, 8·1·41 to 5·31·58CEO, 6·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO. 3·1·69 to 6·30· 73 RetiredCEO, 7·1·73 to 7·31· 73 Reappointment

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Richard A. BreyerCEO, 8·15·7310 date

Eric K. EngmanACAA, 12·1·4610 3·10·48May E. FoleyHOA, 6·1·1810 6·30·19Marian E. MooreHOA, 1·1·3610 7·31·39

Margaret ColeHOA, 8·1·3910 6·7·41

Emily M. ParkerHOA, 8·15·4110 6·10·42HOA, 6·11·4210 7·25·42HOA, 7·26·42104·30·44Mary L. MullerHOA, 8·1·4410 8·15·51HOA, 9·16·5110 7·31·52HOA, 9·16·5310 3·14·54

Mary B. Van AllsburgHOA, 10·1·5110 6·30·52

Anna Lou RoweHOA, 2·1·5410 5·31·57

Ralph W. Tenny4·H, 9·1·1710 10·31·174·H, 5·1·18 to 8·15·18

John L. Bumbalek4·H, 5·1·2410 10·31·24

Gustavus A. Thorpe4·H, 7·1·2510 12·31·254·H, 7·1·27 10 9·30·27

Guy P. Williams4·H, 7·1·2610 12·31·26William E. Thomas4·H, 5·1·2910 6·30·294·H, 4·1·3010 6·30·30

Lester H. Walcutt4·H, 7·1·4610 9·30·654·H, 10·1·6510 6·30·68 wlDelta, Schoolcraft; RetiredR. Joseph Heaganv, III4·H, 6·15·7710 8·31·78 w/Dickinson, Iron; Trans. 10Saginaw

wlDelta; Trans. 10Alpena

Trans. to Genesee

Study leaveStudy lealle

Temp.

Thomas G. Rorabaugh4·H, 3·1· 7910 date w/Dickinson, Iron

MIDLAND COUNTY

H. W.HockCAA, 5·1·1710 10·31·17 Temp.William T. BandeenCAA, 3·20·1810 10·10·18 Temp.Ira B. McMurtryCAA, 11·1·20 to 11·30·23 Temp.Roy W. WeinbergCAA, 1·1·2410 8·31·25 Temp.Byron L. BraamseCAA, 1·1·26 to 4·30·29 Temp.Charles LCrapserCAA, 5·1·2910 2·15·42Calvin M. MeredithACAA, 5·1·39 to 7·31·39 Trans. to ArenacCarl H. MooreACAA, 8·1·39 to 2·29·40Howard O. ParishCAA, 2·1·42 to 2·28·58CEO, 3·1·58 to 8·14·61 Deceased

288

Harry C. LundACAA, 7·12·54 to 5·31·58CAA, 6·1·58 to 1·31·63CEO, 2·1·63 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 7·1·72 RetiredAlbert A. GriffithCEO, 9·1·61 to 11·14·62 OeceasedDouglasJ.ChapmanCEO, 7·1·72 to 3·31· 75Ronald L. BeechCEO, 4·18· 75 to dateHans H. HaugardOMA, 8·1·57 to 12·31·58 wlArenac, Bay, Gratiot, Saginaw, Shiawassee;

Trans. to Lillings tonRaymond E. VasoldOFMA, 3·1·76 to 4·30·77 N.E. and E.C. Dim.; RetiredJoseph R. ShaltryOAA, 9·1· 77 to date Dairy; E. CentralGrace I.MitchellHOA, 1·1·36 to 3·14·45 w/SaginawHOA, 3·15·45 to 5·30·58EHE, 6·1·58 to 10·31·64 RetiredMary E. WahlEHE, 7·1·65 to 12·31·68 Trans. to BayElizabeth L WilsonEHE, 8·1·7110 9·30·76 wlBay, SaginawSharon K. DemkoEHE, 11·15·7610 10·25·78 w/Ba.,EHE, 10·26· 7810 dateGuy L. Shipps4·H, 7·1·22 to 10·31·22

Gould S. Pinney4·H, 8·1·4310 12·31·46 wlBa." Isabella; Trans. to Sa.,Thomas J. Woods4·H, 6·1·46 to 12·31·48

William P. Kirkpatrick4·H, 6·9·49 to 6·30·54 Trans. to Presque IsleJames Elliott Colling4·H, 7·1·54 to 11·30·58

Carolyn Carter Bay4·H, 1·12·59 to 9·30·654·H, 8·1·68 to 10·13·72

Rosemary K. Thiebaut4·H, 11·1· 72 to 8·31· 76

Trans. to Clarew/Bay, Saginaw

w/Bay, Saginaw

Judith Watson4·H, 9·1·7610 8·31·78 w/Bay, Saginaw; Trans. 10MackinacDarrell S. Brockway4·H, 10·1· 7810 12·31· 78

Stephen J. Leite4·H, 2·1· 79 to date w/Bay, Saginaw

MISSAUKEE COUNTY

Harry Lee BarnumCAA, 3·16·17 to 9·1·20

Paul H. SmithCAA, 1·19·21 to 12·31·22Harry Lee BarnumCAA, 7-l·26 to 6·30·34CAA, 7·1·34 to 8·31·34CAA, 9·1·34 to 6·30·52

Einer G. OlstromCAA, 7·1·52 to 11·30·54Willard E. BossermanCAA, 4·1·5510 7·31·58CEO, 8·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 8·31·66

wlKalkaskawlRoscommon; Retired

wlR05common; Trans. to CES Adm.

wlR05commonwlRoscommon

Trans. to Roscommon, Crawford

Page 299: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Vernon P. VandePolCAA, 2·1·67 to 2·28-69CED, 3-1·69 to date

Donna J. SummersHDA, 7·1-54 to 6-30-55 wlRoscommonVelma F. IzzardHDA, 7·1-55 to 8-31-57 wlRoscommonVivian E. RaeHDA, 9·23·57 to 7-31-59 wlRoscommonBetty S. GuettlerHDA, 1-1·61 to 12·31·61 wlRoscommon; Trans. to MecostaJuanita Van ValinEHE, 8·1-64 to 6-30-66 wlRoscommonHeidi E. MatthiasEHE, 12·1-66 to 9-30-67 wlRoscommonMary E. BellowsEHE, 11·1·78 to date

Verona P. Toman4·H, 7·1·18 to 10·31·18

Stanley Ball4·H, 10·1·43 to 8·14-45

Trans. to Leelanau

Dorothy I. PopeHDA, 9-20-48 to 7·31-49

Edna M. McDermottHDA, 9-19·49 to 9·30-56 Military leatleCharlene Johnson GerowHDA, 7·1·51 to 12·31-51

Marjory Lou GordonHDA, 7·1·56 to 6·30·57

Marian E. HermanceHDA, 9·1·57 to 3-31-58EHE, 4·1·58 to 2·28·59 Trans. 10 U.P' Cer.

Betty V. BernardEHE, 7·1-59 to 8-27-61

Joyce M. Dunn TottenEHE, 7·25-62 to 8-9-63

Barbara C. FarranEHE, 4-1·64 to 10·31-65

Sharron J. WalkerEHE, 2-1-69 to 9-30-70 w/Lenawee, WashlenawStephanie M. DonovanEHE, 9-21-70 to 3-13· 73 w/Lenawee, WashlenawHarriet A. HambergEHE, 5-1-73108-31·77 w/Lenawee, WashlenawVirginia K. OrtizEHE, 9·1· 77 10 date w/Lenawee, WashtenawFrank H. Dexter4-H, 4·1·22 10 9·30·22

Jack E. Bergsma4·H, 3-25·46 to 12-31·48

wlClare, Gladwin, Osceola, Roscommon;

Dee L. Weaver4· H, 3· 25·46 to 4- 30-484·H, 5·1·48 to 5-31.52

wIManistee, Roscommon, WexfordwlRoscommon, Wexford

MONROE COUNTY

J. B. WinslowCAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31·17 Temp.Ralph J. CarrCAA, 3-30·18 to 3-31·20 Temp.Mack C. ThomasCAA, 4·15·20 to 5·25·21 Temp.Clare L. BurtonCAA. 4·16-23 to 11·15·26 Trans. to ClintonRalph W. KidderCAA, 1·1·27 to 2·28-30

Chester Ward AndrewsCAA, 3·1·30 to 9-14-48 DeceasedRobert J. LaserCAA, 11·16·48 to 3·31·58CEO, 4·1·58109.30-65CAA, 10·1·65 to 8·12·68 DeceasedRoy A. BensonACAA, 10·1-53 to 8-31·54

Robert O. KenworthyACAA, 9·27·54 to 11·30·55

Harold R. FerrisACAA. 7·1-56 to 3-31-58EAA, 4·1·58 to 10-21-62 Trans. to OgernawF. Paul NevelEAA, 8·1·63 to 2·28-69CEO, 3·1-69 to date

Edgar C. KiddEAA. 11·1·68 to 7·1· 73 RetiredPaul F. MarksEAA, 7·1-74 to date

Wayne B. SiefertEAA, 4·1·56 to 5·31·56 Trans. to AI-largeGwen EdwardsHDA, 1·1-42 to 1-15·45

Ruth Maas SuttonHDA, 1·12·4510 8·31-46Jetta A. WhiteHDA, 11·1·46 to 6·30·47

Jeanne H. SteinbauerHDA, 7·1-47 to 12·31-47

Robert L. Keene4·H, 12·15-4810 8-31·49Robert G. Maldegen4·H. 9·1·49 to 12·31-50

Paul W. Cook4·H, 1·1·51 to 8·31-51

James C. Lawson4·H, 5·18·51 to 9·30-53

Joe T. Waterson4·H, 10·16-5310 8·15·60 Study leatleMelvin J. Thompson4·H, 3·1·60 to 12·15·62

Betty Lou King4·H, 4·1·60 to 9·20·61

James M. Hutchinson4·H, 9·1·61 to 12·15·61

Linda F. Parrett4·H, 8·6·6210 1-31·63

William D. Price4·H, 2·18·63 to 9·10-64

John H. Stanley4·H, 11-1·64 to 6·15·67

Gene C. Whaples4·H, 8-15·6710 8·14-69Lynn D. Gould4·H, 9·1·6910 3·31-75 Trans. 10ClareRobert J. Rice4·H, 1-1·7610 12-14·77 w/Lenawee, Washtenaw; Trans. to KalamazooDale H. Brose4·H, 2·1· 78 to date w/Lenawee, Washlenaw

MONTCALM COUNTY

Edwin D. GreenhoeCAA. 5·1·1710 10-31·17Gifford Patch, Jr.CAA, 4-17·18 to 8·31·20

289

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Clair TaylorCAA. 11·1·201012·31·20

B. Eldon ShafferCAA. 1·1·2110 6·30·23Ernest K. ChamberlainACAA. 8·1·3310 10·31·33

Victor C. BealCAA. 1·16·3610 8·31·58CED. 4·1·5810 6·30·62 Trans. 10DAAJoseph L. HarringtonACAA. 7·1·5510 2·29·56

L. G. RothneyACAA. 1·1·5610 12·31·57 Trans. 10St. JosephClayton D. ReidACAA. 1·16·5810 3·31·58EAA. 4·1·5810 1·31·62 Trans. to 4·H

James L. CrosbyCED. 8·1·6210 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·6910 date

Victor C. BealDAA. 7·1·62 to 12·30·64 w/lonia. Kent; Retired

Keith C. SowerbyEAA. 10·1·67 to 12·31· 78 Dairy. w/lsabella. Ionia; Retired

George W. AtkesonEAA. 4·1·79 to date w/loniaMarian E. JohnsonHDA. 9·15·40 to 5·20·43 w/Gratiot. Isabella. ShiawasseeC. Leora SmithHDA. 7·1·43 to 3·31·45 w/Gratiot. Isabella; Trans. to ShiawasseeMargaret J. SwansonHDA. 8·20·45 to 12·15·45 w/Gratiot. IsabellaMary Louise KincaidHDA. 12·1·46 to 8·15·48

Jean McKinley WilsonHDA. 8·15·48 to 7·14·49 Trans. to St. JosephPhyllis O. ConstanceHDA. 9·1·50 to 3·31·58EHE. 4·1·58 to 3·31·64 Trans. to KentMildred R. MahanEHE. 8·1·65 to 12·31·65EHE. 11·1·70 to date wlBarry. Ionia

Albert C. Warne4·H. 7·1·43 to 5·31·48 w/Gratiot. Ionia4·H. 6·1·48 to 6·30·55 Retired

James I. Sprague, Jr.4·H. 7·1·55 to 12·31·56Dean L. Quirin4·H. 3·1·57 to 12·31·57

Phillip Roberts4·H. 1·1·58 to 6·30·59

E. Dean Troop4·H. 8·10·59 to 11·30·61

Clayton D. Reid4·H. 2·1·62 to 12·31·62John A. Catey4·H. 7·1·62 to 7·31·63

Jerrold L. Brown4·H. 1·1·64 to 9·30·654·H. 10·1·65 to 11·15·66 wlBarry. Ionia; Trans. to SaginawRichard J. Allen4·H. 3·15·67 to 4·30·69 wlBarry. Ionia; Trans. to I..enaweeJerry Lee Mills4·H. 6·1·69 to 2·8· 70 wlBarry. Ionia4·H. 2·9·70 to 10·22·70 Sick leatle; DeceasedPatricia A. Reynolds4·H. 1·1·71 to 11·15·72 wlBarry. Ionia

290

John G. Evert4·H. 2·12·73 to 12·31·79 w/Barry.Ionia; Trans. to Mason

Bernard R. Jardot4·H. 7·1·80 to date

MONTMORENCY COUNTY(See OTSEGO)

MUSKEGON COUNTYRalph L. OldsCAA. 3·1·16 to 10·31·19 Temp.O. F. MarvinCAA. 11·1·19 to 12·31·19 Temp.S. J. LinckCAA. 2·1·20 to 11·1·20 Temp.Dwight C. LongCAA. 11·1·20 to 5·15·23

Carl H. KnopfCAA. 5·16·23 to 6·30·55 Retired

Clarence C. MullettACAA. 7·1·29 to 9·30·29 Trans. 10NewaygoCharles R. KaufmanACAA. 5·1·47 to 9·30·48 Trans. 10Lillingston

Eugene F. DiceACAA. 8·22·49 to 6·30·52 Trans. 10 OttawaDonald HearlACAA. 7·1·53 to 6·30·55CAA. 7·1·55 to 3·31·58CED. 4·1·5810 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·6510 1·31·68 Trans. 10St. Clair

Harold R. FerrisCAA. 2·1·68 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·6910 12·31· 79 Trans. to SaginawGlenn W. SommerfeldtCRDA. 1·1·62 to 8·31·64 Muskegon areaHarriet M. LundbergCMlA. 7·1·56 to 4·30·58

Jean E. KinneyHDA. 10·1·35 to 7·31·37 wlMecosta. Newaygo. OceanaDorothy VasoldHDA. 8·1·37 to 8·31·39 wlMecosta. Newaygo. OceanaVivian E. RaeHDA. 10·22·51 to 6·30·54 Trans. to Manistee. Mason

Luella M. NaultHDA. 1·1·55 to 9·15·57 Stud, leatle

Elizabeth E. NickellHDA. 7·1·56 to 3·31·58EHE. 4·1·58 to 9·30·65EHE. 10·1·65 to 4·30· 73 wlNewaygo. Oceana; Retired

Judith G. VanWestenEHE. 4·23· 7310 date wlNewaygo. OceanaWilliam J. Atchison4·H. 9·1·1710 10·31·174·H. 4·1·1810 10·31·18

Albert F. Drost4·H. 7·1·55 to 4·15·57Donald C. Hanner4·H. 4·15·57 to 12·31·58

James W. Lone4·H. 7·13·5910 8·31·61

Maurice E. Voland4·H. 11·1·6110 9·30·644·H. 10·1·6410 8·31·68 Study leave; Trans. to State 4·H StaffJack L. Parker4·H. 12·1·6410 9·30·654·H. 10·1·6510 date wlNeu:aygo. Oceana

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Sara L. Paton4·H. 1·9·7810 5·31·79 wIKent. Ottawa; Trans. to KentDennis J. Knapp4·H. 11·6·7810 9·30· 79

Oliver C. Ragsdale4·H. 1·1·80 to date

Karl D. BaileyCAA. 2·1·3110 2·28·49DHA. 3·1·49 to 1·31·60 East; Retired

George D. HurrellACAA. 10·1·41 to 8·31·42

Edmond W. AlchinACAA. 9·1·46 to 11·30·47 Trans. to CheboyganEdmond W. AlchinCAA. 4·1·49 to 8·31·55 Trans. to Saginaw

Frederick W. GettelACAA. 8·1·48 to 4·10·50

Willard E. BossermanACAA. 4·21·50 to 6·30·53 Trans. to St. ClairRay E. PoynorACAA. 7·1·53 to 8·31·53

Hans H. HaugardACAA. 12·21·53 to 6·30·54 Trans. to GratiotJohn K. BrayACAA. 8·1·54 to 5·31·56 Trans. to Lapee-rLyle B. AbelCAA. 1l·20·54 to 2·28·58CED. 3·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·65 to 10·31·67 Retired

John K. TrockeACAA. 12·1·54 to 8·31·56 Trans. to Presque IsleWayne B. SiefertACAA. 1·1·57 to 2·28·58EHA. 3·1·58 to 2·28·62DHA, 3·1·6210 10·31·64 S.E. Dist.Max E. AustinDHA. 12·7·64 to 9·30·65 S. E. Dist.James E. LincolnDHA. 10·1·65 to 7·15·73 S.E. Dist.J. B. PoffenbergerACAA, 11·5·56 to 2·28·58EAA, 3·1·58 to 1l·30·65 Trans. to Presque IsleWilliam F. MullerCAA, 9·1·67 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to 4·30·74 Trans. 10MacombWayne H. NiermanCED, 12·1· 74 to date

Gregory M. PatchanEHA, 3·1· 72 to date

Eva CarrettHDA, 2·1·20 to 12·31·23

Muriel E. GilbertHDA, 6·1·2410 9·30·26

Ethel McDonaldHDA. 1l·1·26 to 1·31·29

Elisabeth P. WeldHDA, 1·21·29 to 2·29·34 Trans. to JacksonLeona De Young MacLeodHDA, 5·1·34 to 8·31·38 Trans. to MSULola T. DudgeonHDA. 9·1·38 to 8·31·41

Mabel R. SmithHDA. 9·22·41 to 12·31·41

Mary J. E. WoodwardHDA. 1·1·42 to 2·28·47 Trans. to State 4·H StaffJosephine H. LawyerHDA. 1·7·48 to 6·30·54CMIA. 7·1·54 to 7·31·66 Detroit areaFrieda A. BennettAHDA. 10·1·53 to 12·31·54HDA. 1·1·55 to 2·28·57

NEWAYGO COUNTY

Harry B. BlandfordCAA, 6·10·13 10 8·31·17

Hugh M. Van AkenACAA, 9·10·17 to n- 7·17

Simon HarkemaCAA, 10·22·17 to 10·31·19

Clair TaylorCAA, 1·1·21 to 1l·30·24 Trans. to EatonHarold C. StinsonCAA, 12·1·2410 8·15·28 Trans. to GratiotHarold J. FosterCAA, 9·24·28 to 9·30·29 Reappointed 10 BarryClarence C. MullettCAA, 10·1·29 to 1·15·52 Trans. to N. W. HOTt.Agt.

Clare M. MusgroveCAA, 3·1·5210 3-31·58CED. 4·1·58 to 4·30·63 Trans. to DFMA. AlleganW. Lane RushmoreCED. 6·1·63 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CED, 3·1·69 to date

Lois Jean KnopfHDA, 7·1·54 to 6·10·55

Helen W. WissnerHDA. 8·1·55 to 3·31·58EHE. 4·1·58 to 6·23·59

Janice Rae ChristensenEHE. 9·1·59 to 9·9·60

Mildred M. OmlorEHE, 1·1·61 to 10·30·63

Doris D. ShapterEHE, 10·1·64 to 10·31·65

Ruth M. HoolihanEHE, 12·17·73 to 2·29·80 wlIAke; Retired

Lana A. FordEHE, 12·1· 79 to date wlOceanaArden M. Peterson4·H, 11·1·46 to 4·30·50 wlOceana; Trans. 10State 4·H StaffFred W. Dostal4·H, 6·1·50 to 4·15·54 w/Oceana4·H, 4·16·54 to 2·29·56 Trans. to LakeRomilly E. Graham4·H, 4·16·56 to 8·31·60

Ray E. Howard4·H, 7·1·61 to 10·31·64 Trans. to MecostaMarvin M. Eppelheimer4·H, 3·1·65 to 9·30·654·H, 10·1·6510 10·1· 76 Retired

OAKLAND COUNTY

Harry McCrackenCAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31·17Charles B. CookCAA, 3·1·18 to 12·31·23

Harold M. VaughanCAA. 2·1·26 to 1·15·31

291

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Thomas F. Schneider4·H, 1·24· 77 to dateSusan Kirkland4·H, 2·1·8010 date

Mary Hixon HardyHDA, 1·1·55 to 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 9·30·65 Trans. to MacombLuella M. NaultHDA, 9·16·57 to 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 7·15·59

Carolyn R. SchrockEHE, 7·1·59 to 8·12·61

Mary Jane VanMeterEHE, 4·1·63 to 7·15·64Carol C. KurthEHE, 9·15·64 to 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·65 to 12·15·66 wIMacomb. Wa,neRosalie J. HawleyEHE. 7·1·67 to 6·12·70 w/Wa,neJanice Ann KukarEHE. 3·1·69 to 7·22·74 w/Wa:yneFrances M. MillerEHE. 7·20·70 to 7·16-71 w/Wa,neMary K. ~rickEHE. 8·1·71108·29·75 w/Wa,neJanet L VoorheisEHE, 10·1· 74 to 12·31· 78 w/Wa,ne; Trans. to MacombCynthia D. CrainEHE. 11·3·75 to date

Elaine M. GlasserEHE. 3·1·79 to dateEmily L Castle4·H, 7·1·18 to 10·31·18

George H. Kimball, Jr.4·H, 8·1·21 to 3·31·224·H, 9·1·2210 12·31·224·H. 2·1·23 to 1·31·284·H, 1·1·29102·28·31Walter Gospill4·H, 2·1·281012·31·28

Milbourne H. Avery4·H, 3·1·31 to 1·31·34 Trans. to SaginawRaymond P. Teschler4·H, 8·9·43 to 7·15·44 w/MacombRobert Lynox Lewis4·H, 8·15-44 to 1·31·47 wIMacomb4·H, 2·1·47108·15-48

John K. Trocke4·H, 6·1·49105·31·50John K. Bray4·H, 7·20·50 to 7·31·54 Trans. 10ACAA

John H. Worthington4·H, 8·16·54108·31·65 Trans. 10CassSuzanne Sturgis Meyer4·H, 7·1·56101·31·58

Jane Elizabeth Hoerath4·H, 2·1·58 to 1·23·59

Ruth M. Montney4·H, 12·1·61109·15·65

Emil L. Fimbinger4·H, 10·1·65 to 6·30· 70 wIMacomb. Wa,neRichard W. Brown4·H, 7·1·66 to 12·31·68 Trans. 10 InghamHeidi E. SpaDer4·H, 12·16·68107·15·69

James LHarden4·H, 9·22·69 to 11·8·76

James W. McPherson4·H. 11·1·70 to 8·31·71 w/Wa,neRodney A. Petteys4·H, 3·1·72 to 4·30·74 w/Wa,ne; Trans. to 4·H. At·large

292

OCEANA COUNTY

Bernie F. BeachCAA. 8·15·17 to 8·31·19Irving T. PickfordCAA. 11·1·2010 10·31·23

Carl H. HemstreetCAA, 5·1·24 to 5·15·34 Trans. to Grand Traverse

James F. TharCAA, 3·15·35 to 2·28·38

Lyle E. TompkinsCAA, 3·1·38 to 7·31·48 Trans. 10 DHA. W. Mich.

Russell N. JohnsonACAA. 2·16·4010 1·9·41 Trans. to Manistee

Harvey J. ElliottCAA. 10·1-48 to 5·15·50F. Earl HaasCAA. 7·1·50 to 3·31·55 Trans. to Clinton

Harry W. LynchACAA, 8·16·5410 8·6·57William J. MacleanCAA. 4·1·55 to 10·31·58CED, 1l·1·58 to 4·30·64 Trans. to DMA. W. Dist.

Lawrence W. StebbinsCED, 8·15·64 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CED, 3·1·69 to 9·14· 71 Trans. to OttawaEdgar L. StrongCED. 12·1· 71 to dateWilliam J. MacleanDMA. 5·1·64 to 6·30· 75DHMA, 7·1·75 to 2·29·80 RetiredMary Seekel ThompsonHDA, 2·1·28 to 12·31·32

Mildred M. OmlorHDA, 7·5·49 to 4-15·54HDA, 4·16·54 to 10·15·56Barbara E. CulverHDA, 10·16·56 to 10·31·58EHE. 11·1·58 to 5·14·60

Linda A. VesceliusEHE. 8·15·61 to 5·11·62

Valeria Owsiany WilderEHE, 1·16·67 to 9·30·71

Toni D. McKinneyEHE. 12·1· 71 to 5·12· 72

Trans. to Kent

w/Newa,goTrans. to Jackson

wIMuskegon. Newa,go; Retired

wIMuskegon. Newa,goLinda Lee OlsonEHE, 9·18· 72 to 7·22· 74Cathy L. GallagherEHE, 1·1·75 to 9·14·79EHE. 9·15·79 to 3·15·80Ralph A. Dold4·H, 2·1·58 to 5·31·63

AndreaA. Ay4·H. 10·1·63 to 9·30·654·H, 9·1·72 to 12·31·764·H. 1·1·77 to date w/Newa,go

wIMuskegon, Newa,go

wIMuskegon. Newa,goStudy leave. MSU

OGEMA W COUNTY

William F. JohnstonCAA. 4·9·17 to 10·31·17 wICrawford. Oscoda. Roscommon

Page 303: Cooperative Extension Service in Michigan · Cooperative Extension Service Michigan State University MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYES COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE MSU is an Affirmative

Lester J. Howard4·H, 7·1·67 to 9·15·69 wlGogebic; Trans. to Otsego

William E. McCarthyCAA, 6·15·19 to 12·31·26 Trans. to Bay

Ralph B. CoulterCAA, 3·1·27 to 7·31·58 RetiredJames 1. CrosbyCEO, 7·1·58 to 7·31·62 Trans. 10 Montcalm

Harold R. FerrisCEO, 10·22·62 to 2·28·65CAA, 3·1·6510 1·31·68 Trans. 10Muskegon

Reuben KaarreCAA, 3·1·6810 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·6910 date

Irene M. BairdHOA, 10·16·5310 7·31·58EHE, 8·1·5810 12·30·64 Retired

Margaret M. MielockEHE, 2·1· 7510 7·31· 76 wlAlcona, Arenac, losco, OscodaEHE, 8·1· 76 10date wlAlcona, Arenac, Oscoda

Lemuel H. Rhodes4·H, 11·1·3510 2·29-44 wlAlcona, Arenac, lasco, Oscoda

Alfred G. Hakola4·H, 7·1·4410 9·30·48 wlAreMc, losco

Alvin F. Root4·H, 11·1·4910 8-31·51

OSCEOLA COUNTY

wlAreMc

Charles 1. RoseCAA, 3·1·1710 10·31·17 wlLakeCAA, 11·1·17 to 2·29·20

Cliff W. WingCAA, 3·6·22 to 4·30·23 wlLake

Ralph TrafeletCAA, 1·1-29w 7·31·42 Trans. wAl/>ena

Winfield S. HarrisonCAA, 8·1·42 to 9·4·49

Abram P. SnyderCAA, 12·20·49 to 7·31-53 Trans. 10 Ionia

William C. ButtsCAA, 8·1·53 to 5·31·58CEO, 6·1-58 to 9-30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 10·31·69 Retired

Richard M. KirchCEO, 2·1·7010 date

Jean Wilson LeachHOA, 1·1-55 to 7·31·55HOA, 8·1·55 to 2·29·56HOA, 3·1·56 to 5·31·58EHE, 6·1·58 to 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·65 to 2·28-67EHE, 3·1·67 to 9-30·75EHE, 10·1·75 to 9·30· 76

LeavewlLake

wlArenac; Trans. 10Shiawassee

Jay Edward Laarman4·H, 9·1-5110 7·19·52

Junior E. Malosh4·H, 10·1-6510 9·20-704·H, 9·21· 7010 3·31-76

wlAreMc, losco, OscodaDisability retirement

wlMissaukee, WexfordwlMecoswwlMecosta, Missaukee, Wexford; Retired

Franklin W. Kapp4·H, 10·1·7610 date wlAreMc, lasco, Oscoda

Margaret A. BethelEHE, 9·1·7610 8-31·78EHE, 9·1· 78 to date wIWexford

Evelyn P. Kinney4·H, 5·1·20 to 7·31·204·H, 7·1·21 to 10-31·21

George H. Bartlett. Jr.4·H, 3·1·5610 11-30·59 Trans. 10 Wexford

Laurence A. Cushman. Jr.4·H, 3·1·6010 3·14·67 Trans. to Berrien

George B. Parmenter4·H, 7·1·6710 1·31·70 wlMecosta

Robert H. Haile4·H, 4·1·7010 12-5·76 Trans. 10 Mastm

ONTONAGON COUNTYRoswell G. CarrCAA, 11·15-15 to 1·15·19

William N. ClarkCAA, 2·15·22 to 8·15-27

Albert B. DorranceACAA, 8·15·27 to 10·31·27

Milton S. FrancisCAA, 11·1·2710 4·30·35

Arthur R. SchubertCAA, 5·11·3510 1·31·38 Trans. to U. P

K. John MoilanenCAA, 6·1·3810 3·12·42CEO, 6·1·5810 9·30·65CENRA, 10-1·6510 12-30·65 Retired

Arthur O. MarkleCAA, 5·1·4210 1·15·46 Trans. to Luce

Julius A. DrakeCAA, 10·22·5110 3·15-52

Allan C. SlyeCENRA. 8·1·6610 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·6910 date

Flora E. McElhinneyHOA, 10·3·1710 6·30·19

OSCODA COUNTY

William F. JohnstonCAA, 4·9·1710 10·31·17 wICraw{ord, Ogemaw, Roscommon

Warren J. CookCAA, 2·1·5610 5·31·58CEO, 6·1·58 to 8·31·64 wICraw{ord; Trans. 10 Kalkaska

David O. OlsonCEO, 11·1·64 to 9·30·65 wlCraw{ordCENRA, 10·1·6510 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 6·30· 76 Dist. Forester, N. E.;

Trans. to u.pRobert F. OjalaCEO, 8·15· 76 to 3-15·80 Dis!. Forester, N. E.

wIHoughton

Bemetta G. KahabkaHOA, 7·8-4610 6-30·53HOA, 7-1·5310 7·31·54Lola Jean JaakkolaHOA, 7·1-54 to 6·30·58EHE, 1·1-59 to 6·30·59Marion K. MaxonEHE, 6·1·5910 9·14-62 Trans. to Mason

wlGogebicStudy leatle

OTSEGO· MONTMORENCY COUNTIESHarvey G. SmithCAA, 7·1·12 to 12·31·15 Farm Mgt. Field Studies,

wIA/t>ena, Presque Isle

Rollin O. BaileyCAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31·17 wlAnrrim

Lawrence R. QuealCAA, 4-6·1810 1·1·19

Roy E. Cheney4·H, 6·16·1810 7-31-18

Mary R. Thompson4·H, 9·1-2510 8·31·26 Trans. to Gogebic

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Howard HindesCAA. 4·23·19 to 1·31·20 MontmorencyArthur C. LytleCAA. 5·1·19 to 7·15·30 OtsegoHarold D. LakinCAA. 4·8·29 to 9·30·33 Montmorency.to SCSLeon L. DrakeCAA. 7·16·30 to 12·31·33 OtsegoArthur W. GliddenCAA. 1·15·34 to 3·31·34CAA. 4·1·34 to 12·31·37 wlCrawfordCAA. 1·1·38to 11·30·46 Trans. to Grand TraverseWinfield S. HarrisonACAA. 5·1·39 to 2·14-40Raymond M. McMullenCAA. 12·1-46to 7-31·58CED. 8·1·58 to 9·30·65CENRA. 10·1·65to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to 6·24·69 DeceasedLester J. HowardCED. 9·15·69 to dateOrville F. WalkerDMA. 11·15·59to 7·31·64 N. Dist.; RetiredAlice HertzlerHDA. 1·1·36 to 8·31·38 wlAlpena. Crawford. Presque IsleJoyce I. EngelHDA. 9·1·53 to 8·31·54 wlCheboyganJulia B. Saigeon BeardHDA. 11·1·54to 7-31·58 wlCheboyganEHE. 8·1·58 to 9·30·65EHE. 10·1·65to 6·30·67 Also4·HEHE. 7·1·67 to 2·28·74 Trans. to EmmetLester V. Benjamin4·H. 6·15·2610 10·10·30 wlCheboyganMary I1ford4·H. 11·1·3010 9·30·32 wlCheboyganGeorge K. Johnson4·H. 12·1·48 to 6·30·54 wlCheboyganJohn C. Post4·H. 7·1·54 to 3·31·57 wlCheboygan; Trans. to Gratiol

George T. StachwickDMA. 2·1·57 to 8·31·59 wlKentJohn K. TrockeDMA. 8·1·60 to 3·31· 76 Trans. to WashtenawNorman J. BrownDMA. 9·1·73 to 4·30· 76 N. W. Mich.; Trans. to SaginawCarl C. HoytDMA. 7·15·59 to 6·30·75EAA. 7·1·75 to dateCharles PistisDESGA. 10·1·77 10date Sea Grant. W. Mich.Grace H. HitchcockHDA. 10·3·1710 10·31·20 Temp.Eva SchurrHDA. 7·1·2110 11·30·23 Temp.Bertha J. WellingtonHDA. 1·1·24 to 9·30·25 Temp.Ruth D. MorleyHDA. 9·15·25 to 4·30·29Esther C. LottHDA. 5·8·29 to 12·31·32 Trans. to AI·largeGrace A. VanderKolkHDA. 1·1·36 to 5·31·58EHE. 6·1·58 to 5·26·65 DeceasedMargaret Jane SuydamEHE. 3·1·69to 6·30·71 wlAllegan. Kent; RetiredDiane Kay SeybertEHE. 8·1·71 to 8·31·73 wlAllegan. KentSusan G. SchramEHE. 1·1·74 to 9·14·76 wlAllegan. Kent; Trans. to MSUJoann M. BruggerEHE. 1·1·77 to dateJanise F. AubryEHE. 12·1· 78 to dateCharles W. Morrice4·H. 9·1·1710 12·31·17Russell S. Harrington4·H. 11·1-17to 12·31·17Lida Rogers4·H. 7·1·18 to 9·30·18Harvey J. Elliott4·H. 9·20-43 to 4-30-46 wlMuskegon4·H. 5·1·46 to 9·40·48 Trans. to OceanaE. Dean Troop4·H. 1·15·49 to 6-30·50Jack C. Ferver4·H. 7·15-50103-31·51Robert A. Campbell, Jr.4·H. 4·10-5110 5·31·52Eugene F. Dice4·H. 7·1·52 to 6·30·54 Trans. to ACAAWillis S. Boss4·H. 7·1·5410 date

OTT AWA COUNTY

Delory L. HagermanCAA. 1·1·16to 2·9·20 DeceasedW. F. BuskirkACAA. 5·1·1710 10·31.17Duncan L. McMillanACAA. 12·18·1710 3·31·18 Trans.Beryl O. HagermanACAA. 2·12·1810 5·17·19 Temp.; DeceasedClinton P. MilhamCAA. 4·1·2010 2·10·34 Trans.LeoR. ArnoldCAA. 2·19·34 to 6·30·53 RetiredRichard A. MachieleCAA. 7·1·5310 5·31·58CED. 6·1·5810 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·6510 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to 8·31·71 RetiredLawrence W. StebbinsCED. 9·15·71 to dateEugene F. DiceACAA. 7·1·54 to 9·24·55Robert J. Van KlompenbergACAA. 7·1-5610 5·31·58EAA. 6·1·5810 2·28·73DMA. 3·1· 73 to date wlAllegan. Kenl. Muskegon, Newaygo

PRESQUE ISLE COUNTY

Harvey G. SmithCAA. 7·1·12 to 12·31·15 Fann Mgt. Field Studies.

wlAlpena. MontmorencyCarl M. KidmanCAA. 4·20·1710 4·30·20Edward S. BrewerCAA. 4·26·2010 4·30·21Colond M. McCroryCAA. 5·15·21 to 1·31·23Ivan J. SoursCAA. 2·15·23 to 11·30·23

294

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Frank B. ThompsonCAA, 4·1·27 to 8·15·27John A. BrownCAA, 8·15·27 to 12·31·55 RetiredWilliam P. KirkpatrickACAA, 7·1·54 to 9·30·55CAA, 10·1·55 to 7·31·56 Trans. to BarryJohn K. TrockeCAA, 9·1·56 to 8·31·58CEO, 8·1·58 to 7·31·60 Leave; Trans. to Dist. Mkt., OttawaA. Rex SietingCEO, 11·15·59to 9·30·65J. B. PoffenbergerCAA, 12·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 5·31· 78 RetiredRichard A. LongCEO, 7·15·78 to dateCarolyn R. SchrockHOA, 7·1·55 to 7·31·58EHE, 8·1·58 to 6·30·59 Trans. to OaklandElizabeth L. HorrocksEHE, 5·1·60 to 7·31·68 wlAlcana, Alpena; Trans. to4·HKristin Ann SorgenfreiEHE, 5·1·72 to 2·29· 76 wlAlpenaEHE, 3·1·76 to 1·31·78 wlAlpena, MontmorencyEHE, 2·1· 78 to date wlMontmorencyDouglas Van Steere4·H, 6·1·22 to 10·31·22Llewellyn B. Karr4·H, 1·1·36 to 12·31·38 wlAlpena, Cheboygan, Crawford, Otsego,

Montmorency4·H, 1·1·38 to 7·31·41 wlAlpena, Cheboygan, Otsego, MontmorencyHoward C. Zindel4·H, 8·1·41 to 9·15·41 wlAlpena, Cheboygan, Otsego, Montmorency

9·16·41 to 3·3·46 Military leave; Trans. to MSUAndrew L. Olson4·H, 11·1·41 to 12·31·44 wlAlpena, Otsego, Montmorency;

Trans. to Grand TraverseClaude M. Elmore4·H, 2·1·45 to 6·30·46 wlAlpena, Cheboygan, Otsego, MontmorencyDean R. Rhoads4·H, 12·9·57 to 8·31·63 Trans. to SchoolcraftRobert E. Poppy4·H, 10·21·63 to 4·30·68 Trans. to KalkaskaElizabeth L. Horrocks4·H, 8·1·68 to 9·30· 764·H, 10·1·76 to date wlCheboygan, Charlevoix, Emmet

ROSCOMMON·CRA WFORD COUNTIES

William F. JohnstonCAA, 4·9·17 to 10·31·17 wlOgernaw, OscodaCAA, 1·1·18to 12·31·19Rollin D. BaileyCAA, 5·1·2110 4·3·28 DeceasedHarry Lee BarnumCAA, 9·1·34 to 6·30·52 wlMissaukee; RetiredEiner G. OlstromCAA, 7·1·52 to 11·30·54 wlMissaukee; Trans. toMSUWillard E. BossermanCENRA, 9·1·66 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 6·30· 79 RetiredRoy V. SpanglerCEO, 7·1·79 to dateEstelle NelsonHOA, 10·1·35 to 9·30·37 wlClare, Gladwin, Kalkaska, MissaukeeMary Lorena JonesHOA, 11·1·37to 12·31·41 wlClare, Kalkaska, Missaukee

Leona Mae FisherHOA, 1·1·42 to 6·15·44 wlClare, Kalkaska, MissaukeeClare Glidden SlateHDA, 8·15·49 to 6·30·53 wlMissaukee, WexfordMargaret C. BrowneHOA, 8·1·53 to 6·30·54 wlMissaukee, WexfordDonna Jeanne SummersHDA, 7·1·54 to 6·30·55 wlMissaukeeVelma F. IzzardHOA, 7·1·55 to 8·31·57 wlMissaukeeVivian E. RaeHOA, 9·23·57 to 7·31·58 wlMissaukeeEHE, 8·1·58 to 7·31·59 wlMissaukee; Trans.Betty S. GuettlerEHE, 1·1·61 to 12·31·61 wlMissaukeeJane W. VenableEHE, 1·1·62 to 12·31·63 wlMissaukee, WexfordJuanita Van ValinEHE, 8·1·64 to 6·30·66 wlMissaukeeHeidi E. MatthiasEHE, 12·1·66 to 9·30·67Merrily Lacasse BaldwinEHE, 10·1·67 to 12·31·75EHE, 1·1·76 to date wlOscoda

ST. CLAIR COUNTY

L. V. CrandellCAA, 3·1·13 to 3·31·15Clark L. BrodyCAA, 4·1·15 to 2·28·21Roy M. ShaneACAA, 1·5·18 to 6·30·18Carl M. KidmanCAA, 3·15·21 to 3·31·25Claude L. NashCAA, 4·6·25 to 4·30·27Earl C. McCartyCAA, 5·1·27 to 10·31·47 RetiredKenneth J. AndersonCAA. 11·1·47 to 4·30·53Gerhard F. GettelACAA, 1·15·49 to 9·30·49 Land·Use PlanningRobert E. McAlpinACAA, 8·1·49 to 9·30·50 At·largeIrving R. WyethCAA, 5·1·53 to 2·28·57 Trans. to CES Adm., u.P.LaVerne W. WegenerACAA, 5·10·54 to 12·23·56 DeceasedEllsworth A. NethertonACAA, 3·1·57 to 5·31·58EAA, 6·1·58 to 5·1·63 Trans. to DFMA, S.E. Mich.

Ellsworth A. NethertonOFMA, 5·1·63 to 12·31·67 Trans. to HillsdaleSimo PynnonenCAA, 3·1·5710 5·31·58CEO, 6·1·5810 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·6510 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to 5·1·80 RetiredRichard L. TownsendEAA, 7·1·63 to 4·30·67Lyle B. ThompsonEAA, 4·1·68 to 6·30· 72 Trans. to IsabellaDonald HearlOFMA, 2·1·68 to 6·30· 73 S.E. Mich.; RetiredThomas W. PurdyEAA, 9·15· 72 to 6· 30·75 Dairy. Uvestock, wlMacomb;

Trans. 10Dickinson

295

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George W. RobbEAA.7·15·76todate Dairy. Ullesrock. wlMacombClara WaldronHDA. 11·27·17 to 12·31·20Ruth Fuerstenau ReidHDA. 8·9·48 to 12·31·50Marilyn M. LedebuhrHDA. 7·1·51 to 10·31·54Barbara Ann ChurchHDA. 9·27·54 to 12·31·55Delilah D. KellerHDA. 5·16·56 to 5·31·58EHE. 6·1· 58 to 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·65 to 6·30·67EHE, 7·1·67 to 6·30· 73

w/Gene.!ee. LapeerwlMacomb; Retired

Judith M. MarksEHE, 8·1· 73 to 12·31·75 wlMacombEHE, 1·1·76 to date wlMacomb. SanilacHarry K. Wakefield4·H. 11·1·35 to 12·31·36 w/Lapeer. Macomb. SanilacKenneth J. Anderson4·H. 1·25·37 to 10·31·41 w/Lapeer. Macomb. SanilacLouie E. Webb4·H. 11·1·41 to 10·31·43 w/Lapeer. Macomb. Sanilac;

Trans. to State 4·H StaffStanley A. Mahaffy4·H. 2·1·44 to 7·14·45 wlSanilac; Trans. to LapeerGleason D. Rohlfs4·H. 7·15·45 to 11·30·46 w/Lapeer. Sanilac; Trans. to HuronFrancis C. Ronan4·H. 9·1·45 to 1·31·46Kenneth J. Anderson4·H. 2·1·46 to 10·31·47 Trans. toCAAAbram P. Snyder4·H. 11·24·47 to 12·19·49 Trans. to OsceolaClare M. Musgrove4·H. 1·20·50 to 2-29-52 Trans. to Newa,goJohn H. Worthington4-H. 3-1·52 to 8·31·54Willard E. Bosserman4·H. 7·1·53 to 3-31·55 Trans. to MissaukeeRichard S. Austin4·H. 7·1·55 to 7·14·60 Trans. to MasonJoe T. Waterson4·H. 8·15·60 to 12·31-60 Trans. to State 4·H StaffJohn H. Heller4-H. 7-15·61 to 8-31-63Jack H. Melton4·H. 5·1·64 to 12-9·64Eugene C. Miller4·H. 1·1·66 to 5-31·71 Trans. to Kalamatoo

Earl W. Threadgould. Jr.4·H. 7·1·71 to 11·30·78 Trans. to InghamGeorgene Bourdeau Bender4·H. 6·1·77 to 12·31·774·H.l·l·78todate wlMacomb

ST. JOSEPH COUNTY

John M. WendtCAA. 12-15·14 to 12·31·19Alen J. HutchinsCAA, 2·1·20 to 8·31·22Leo Ross BindingCAA, 9·1·22 to 10·31·26George F. GrayACAA. 8·1·33 to 10·31·33

296

James P. HoebemaCAA. 1·15·34 to 5·31·45Vernon F. Him:CAA. 5·15·45 to 3·31·50 Trans. to KalamatOOHarvey J. ElliottCAA. 5·16-50 to 9·30·65EAA. 10·1·65 to 12·30·65 RetiredL. G. RothneyEAA. 1·1·58 to 2·28·58CED. 3·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA. 10·1·65 to 8-14·66 To AID. NigeriaFriedrich J. HenningsenCAA. 8·15·66 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to dateIlene M. BaileyHDA. 4·14·16 to 7·1·17Laverne JonesHDA,II·26-17108·31·19Dorothy ErlerHDA. 3-1-46 to 12·31·48 Trans. to U.P.Jean McKinley WilsonHDA. 7-15·49 to 9·30·52 Trans. to MecostaAnn G. MeyeringHDA. 11·1·52 to 1·31·54Doris Van Riper RiceHDA, 7-1-54 to 6·30·56Mary L. MullerHDA. 7·1·56 to 2-28-58EHE. 3·1·58 to 12·31·59Vivian Riggs ClelandEHE. 6-15-60 to 9-30·63Bethel J. SchmidtEHE. 7-1-64 to 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·65 to 10·31-68 wlBranch. HillsdaleEHE. 11·1·68 to dateGeorge E. Chadwick4-H. 5-1-18 to 8·31-18Henry C. Gleason4-H. 11-11-35to 4·30·38 wlBerrien. Cass, Van BurenDuncan G. Leitch4-H. 6-15·48 to 12·31·51 Trans. to BranchJohn H. Avery4-H. 7-1-53 to 12·11·54Hildred J. Hart4-H. 1-17-55to 7·31·65 RetiredWilliam S. Wilson4-H. 7-1·65 to 9-30-654·H. 10·1·65 to 11-15-66Gale L. Arent4·H. 12·1·66 to 10-31-684-H. 11-1-68to 8·31·70Barton J. Ingraham4-H. 9·1-70to 11·30·72Robert J. Rice4·H. 2·1·73 to 12-31-75Thomas J. Walton4·H. 1·1·76 to 5-22-77Eugene C. Miller4·H. 11-1-77 to 10·26·79Lynn M. Fiegel4-H. 1·1·80 to date

SAGINA W COUNTY

Earl P. RobinsonCAA. 4·1·13 to 8·31·17Jesse StutsmanCAA. 9·20·17 to 11·30-19

wlBranch. Hillsdale

wlBranch. HillsdalewlKalamatoo; Trans. to Kalamatoo

wlKalamatoo

wlKalamatoo; Trans. to Monroe

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Anhur G. BovayCAA, 3-1-20 to 6-30-23

Alden B. LoveCAA, 8-6-23 to 9-30-30 Trans. to MSULeonard J. BraamseCAA, 10-15-30 to 11-30-39 Trans. 10MSUGeorge E. LandsburgCAA, 12-1-39 to 5-24-52CAA, 5-25-52 to 6-7-54 Lealie, IndiaCAA, 6-8-54 to 2-28-58CEO, 3-1-58 to 9-30-65CAA, 10-1-65 to 6-6-66 Retired

Loren S. ArmbrusterACAA, 2-1-45 to 7-14-47 Trans. to BarryLoren D. BlackCAA, 7-1-52 to 9-30-53 Trans. to TuscolaRaymond E. VasoldACAA, 8-1-53 to 2-28-58EAA, 3-1-58 to 9-30-65EAA, 10-1-65 to 5-31-66CAA, 6-1-66 to 2-28-69CEO, 3-1-69 to 2-29-76 Trans. to DFMA, E. Mich.Boyd C. WigginsACAA, 8-1-54 to 12-16-56 Trans. to BranchEdmond W. AlchinECROA, 1-1-55 to 1-15-58 Trans. 10MSURichard M. KirchACAA, 3-1-57 to 2-28-58EAA, 3-1-58 to 8-31-59 Trans. to CheboyganDelbert L. BierleinACAA, 3-1-5810 3-31-58EAA, 4-1-58 to 9-27-62

Norman J. BrownCED, 5-1-76 to 11-1-79

Harold R. FerrisCEO, 1-1-80 to date

Quentin OstranderOMA, 1-1-5910 6-30-76 w/BayHans H. HaugardOMA, 8-1-5710 12-31-58 wlMidiandRussell HowesOFMA. 5-1-63 to 2-28-69 w/BayLyle A. ThompsonEAA, 1-1-64 to 3-31-68 Ullestock; wlBayJerrold L. BrownEAA, 11-16-66 to 12-31-67

Marvin M. PrestonEAA, 7-1-6810 2-29-72 Trans. to Stale 4-H StaffWilliam J. HamiltonEAA, 6-1-72 10 7-14-76 Trans. 10Huron

Samuel J. WoodsOAA, 1-1-7610 1-10-77 Field Crops; wlTuscolaRichard N. HaueterEAA, 1-1-77 to 11-30-77

Philip A. SeitzEAA, 2-1-78 to 1-31-80 Trans. to Iron

Nancy Garber BartlettCMlA, 8-16-54 to 2-29-56

Eleanor R. GiffordCMlA, 1-16-56 to 2-15-58

Margaret DoughtyCMlA, 8-1-58 to 6-30-62 Trans. 10 IsabellaSheila S. MorleyCMIA, 2-15-63 to 6-30-72 Trans. to Stale Mkl. StaffMary E. DouglasCMlA,11-1-72to8-31-73

Janet M. JacobsonCMlA, 2-1-74 to 6-30-79

Helen ArmsHDA, 5-1-18109-30-18

Rose HogueHDA, 5-1-18 to 9-1-18

Nina StreeterHDA, 10-1-18 to 6-30-19

Dorothy KurtzHDA, 7-1-21 to 11-30-21

Grace MitchellHDA, 1-1-36 to 3-1-45 wlMidland; Trans. 10MidlandEdith G. GreenHDA, 3-15-45 to 5-31-46

M. Amalie VasoldHDA, 7-1-46 to 12-31-49 Trans. to State 4-H StaffBetty Etzler SchumanHDA, 6-26-50103-15-53

Mary Ellen DelsipeeHDA, 9-1-5310 2-28-58EHE, 3-1-58 to 9-30-65EHE, 10-1-6510 date wlBay, MidlandMary Garlick WahlEHE, 10-1-65 to 12-31-68 w/BayCharley Mae LeeEHE, 12-1-7010 date wlMidiandElizabeth Bender WilsonEHE, 7-1-71 to 9-30-76 wlMidiandGeraldine G. PeeplesEHE, 2-3-75 to 11-1-76EHE, 9-1-77 10 date

Carol W. SelbyEHE, 1-1-8010 date

Burton S. Tefft4-H, 1-1-18 to 3-31-18

R. E. Trippensee4-H, 5-15-18 to 12-31-18

Theresa McDonald4-H, 5-1-18 to 12-15-19

Cecil P. Pressley4-H, 9-1-17 to 5-10-18

Arthur L. Strang4-H, 5-16-20 to 5-15-22

Clare A. Rood4-H, 4-16-24 to 5-9-28 Trans.Leonard J. Braamse4-H, 6-15-2810 10-15-30 Trans. 10CAA

Roscoe G. Smith4-H, 11-1-3010 1-31-34 Trans. 10Clinton

Milbourne H. Avery4-H, 2-1-3410 12-31-35 Trans. 10Stale 4-H StaffGeorge E. Landsburg4-H, 6-1-3610 11-30-39 Trans. 10CAA

Kenneth Ousterhout4-H, 1-1-401012-31-45 Trans. 10Stale 4-H StaffJames F. Halm4-H, 1-7-4610 9-30-654-H, 10-1-6510 6-30-71 w/Bay, Midland; Retired

Garald G. Robbins4-H, 6-19-6710 6-30-70

TIm Foster4-H, 1-1-71 to 5-23-77 w/Bay, MidlandRobert F. Bolger4-H, 7-1-7110 5-16-72 w/Bay, MidlandPhilip A. Seitz4-H, 8-1-7210 1-31-78 Trans. 10 EAA

R. Joseph Heagany4-H, 9-1-78 to date w/Bay, Midland

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Dempsey B. Allen4·H,9.1·77lodate

Donald G. Platt4·H, 11·1·77 10date

Judith A. SchroeterEHE, 8·1·67 to 6·15·69 W/HUTon, TwcolaJudith M. MarksEHE, 8·11·69 to 7·31·73 W/HUTon, Twcola; TraIlS. to SI. ClairCynthia D. CrainEHE, 7·1·74 to 10·31·75 w/HUTon, Twcola; TraIlS. 10 OaklandPeal' J. HouckEHE, 2·15·78 to date wfTwcolaDwight C. Cavanaugh4·H, 9·1·2110 11·30·21

Keith C. Sowerby4·H, 4·1-4810 10·15·53 TraIlS. 10ACAA

Delbert LBierlein4·H, 12·21·5310 2·28·58 TraIlS. 10SaginawRobert R. Schultheiaa4·H, 3·1·5810 9·14·64Elaine A. Ellis4·H, 6·1·66108·31·67 w/Huron, TwcolaJanice O. Harwood4·H, 11·1·67108·31·69 w/Huron, TwcolaGerald O. Jeaaup4·H, 2·1· 70108·31· 72 w/Huron, TwcolaCharles W. McNeill4·H, 11·1·7210 5·4·73 wlHuron. TwcolaThomas G. Bartol4·H, 9·1·73 to 8·31· 76 wlHuron, Twcola; TraIlS. 10Shiawa5seeDanny C. Sandmann4·H, 10·15·76 to date w/Huron, Twcola

SANILAC COUNTY

Grant SmithCAA, 5·1·17 1010·31·17John D. MartinCAA, 6·1·20 to 12·31·28Carroll J. HartCAA, 1·1·29 to 12·31·31John D. MartinCAA. 2·1·32106·30·34

Cede C. ConollyACAA. 8·12·33 to 10·31·33

Russell S. WaitCAA, 5·15·3410 1·31·37

Clarence E. PrenticeCAA, 2·1·37 to 2·28·49 TraIlS. 10MSUElmer S. MarkleACAA, 4·20·4310 7·16·44

Harold R. ClarkACAA. 7·15·4410 11·30·47 TraIlS. to loscoGerhard F. GettelACAA, 10·1·4710 1·14·49 Land·Use Planning; TraIlS. 10 SI. ClairAlbert T. HallCAA. 3·1·4910 10·31·53 Trsns. 10LapeerKeith C. SowerbyACAA. 10·16·5310 2·28·58CAA. 3·1·58 to 8·31·58CED. 9·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·6510 9·30·67 TraIlS. to Montcalm

Alden E. OrrCAA. 12·1·5310 9·4·58EAA. 9·5·5810 3·24·59Edward R. ColeEAA. 9·1·5910 10·31·65Edgar L. StrongEAA. 12·15·65 to 11·30· 71 TraIlS. 10OceanaA. Rex SietingCAA. 9·1·6710 2·28·69CED, 3·1·69 to date

William M. BivensEAA. 7·1·71 to 11·30·75 Dairy; Twcola. Huron; TraIlS. tolacksonJoseph R. ShaltryEAA. 7·24· 72 to 8·31· 77 TraIlS. 10MidlandEarl J. BeilerEAA. 2·1· 78 to date

Lynn R. HarveyEMPA, 9·1·71 to 9·30·74 TraIlS. to jacksonIsabel Raynard MaynardAHDA. 1·1·46 to 6·30·46HDA. 7·1·46 to 3·31·48 DeceasedDorothy J. MulderHDA. 7·1·48 to 8·31·51Mary Van AllsburgHDA, 7·1·52 to 8·14·53 TraIlS. 10MenomineeElizabeth W. JukesHDA. 1·11·54 to 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 11·20·59

Jean E. SchubelEHE. 12·1·5910 10·31·62 TraIlS. 10MSUEleanor J. KellerEHE. 11·19·6210 8·31·64

SCHOOLCRAFT COUNTY

Edward G. AmosCAA, 7·1·1610 12·31·17

George F. KinstingCAA, 4·8.1810 6-30·19

Cecil P. PreaaleyCAA, 11·5·1910 12·31·21

Tracey R. ShaneCAA, 2·1-22 to 11·30·24Lee StewartCAA, 9·20·2710 2·29·36

William CargoCAA, 1·6·37 to 4·30·41 w/Mackinac; TraIlS. 10HoughtonJoseph L. HeirmanCAA, 6·1-41 to 5-31·47 wlAlger; Trans. 10DeltaClayton D. ReidCAA, 6·1-47 to 12·31·57 wINger; TraIlS. 10Montcalm

Nelson D. CushmanCEO, 3·1·58 to 6·30·63Dean R. RhoadsCED, 9·1·63 to 9·30·65CENRA, 10·1·65108·31·67 Trans. to DickinsonHoward H. HandorfCENRA, 9·1·67 to 6·30·68 wIAlgerCENRA, 7·1·68 to 2·28·69CED, 3·1-69 to 4·30·72

Elvin HepkerCED, 9·1· 72 to date

Jennie WilliamsHDA, 1·20-18 to 6·30·20

Hazel G. CrookHDA, 3·1·54 to 10·31·54 wlAlgerMary Lou HoholikHDA, 6·13·55 to 12·31·57 wlAlgerHDA, 1·1·5810 2·28·58EHE, 3·1·58 to 7·31·63

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Grace M. VillwockEHE, 7·15·64 to 9·30·65EHE, 10·1·65 to 12·31·65 wIDelta, Menominee; Trans. to Houghton

John J. Krammin4·H, 6·1·18 to 6·15·18

Nellie Fredeen4·H, 9·1·17 to 10·31·17

Carrie M. Moore4·H, 7-1·2010 10·31·204·H, 7·1·2110 12·31·21

Helen P. Shane4·H, 7·1·2210 12·31·22

Per G. Lundin4·H, 7·1·23 10 12·31·234·H, 5·1·24 10 10·31·24

Helen Tyrell4·H, 8·1·2510 10·31·25Bernard F. Gaffney4·H, 7·1·2610 12·31·264·H, 7·1·2710 9·30·27

W. Herman Johnson4·H, 4·1·30 to 6·30·30William E. Rakoev4·H, 11·1·76 to 2·28· 78 wlChippewa, Luce, Mackinac

SHIAWASSEE COUNTY

A. B. CookCAA, 5·1·1710 10·31·17

Don A. MeekerCAA, 1·19·1810 11·6·18

Homer E. DennisonCAA, 4·16·1910 2·28·21

John V. SheapCAA, 3·1·21 to 7·31·25E. R. HancockCAA, 8·15·33 to 1·15·50Blair G. WoodmanCAA, 2·1·50w 5·31·58CEO, 6·1·58 to 6·30·63 Retired

Harry S. WiltACAA, 4·1·55 to 5·31·58CAA, 6·1·58 to 6·30·63CEO, 7·1·63 ro 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 ro 7·1· 72 Retired

George R. McQueenCEO, 7·1·72 to 9·30·79 Trans. to Climon

Lowell RothertCEO, 10·1·79 to 12·31· 79 Acting

Joseph A. LessardCEO, 1·1·80 to date

W. Conard SearchEAA, 7·1·63 to 9·30·66 Trans. wAlleganRichard S. AustinEAA, 1·1·67 [0 date

Roy V. SpanglerCEA, 10·1· 74 to 6·30· 79 Pub. Policy; Trans. [0 Roscommon

Elsie TItsworthHOA, 3·1-43 to 1·31·45C. Leora SmithHOA, 4·1·45 to 9·30·47 Trans. to MSU, 4·H

Mary B. StricklandHOA, 2·9·48 to 1·31·49Marian E. HermanceHOA, 6·19·50 to 8·31·57Barbara S. HenriksonHOA, 7·1·56 ro 7-31·57

Margaret S. FosterHOA, 8·1·57 to 5·31·58EHE, 6·1·58 to 9·30·65 Trans. [0 Ingham

Helen B. MeachEHE, 3·1·69 to 5·30· 72 wlClinton, Gratiot; Trans. to ArenacPhyllis Louise JohncockEHE, 9·18· 72 to 9·30· 76 wlClimon, Gratiot; Trans. 10MSUJean F. StoryEHE, 9·1· 7610 9·30· 78 wlClinton, GratiotEHE, 10·1·7810 6·20·80

Kathryn E. CummingsEHE,7·1·80IOdate

Martin V. McGill4·H, 4·16·1810 8·31·18

Lucien P. Fay4·H, 4·22-46 to 12·31·46Daniel M. Hollinger4·H, 9·1·49 to 6·15·51

Alvin F. Root4·H, 9·1·5110 9·30·654·H, 10·1·6510 3·31· 76 wlClimon, Gratiot; Retired

Thomas G. Bartol4·H, 9·1·76w 5·10·79 wlClimon, Gratiot

Lowell Rothert4·H, 5·11· 79 [09·30· 79 Acting; Trans. 10Acting CEO

Dean S. Kiesling4·H,I.I.80[Odate

TUSCOLA COUNTY

Alexander Mac VittleCAA, 5·1·17 to 10·31·17CAA, 11·21·17 [07·31·22

John W. SimsCAA, 10·1·22 to 3·15·27 Trans. [0 MSUDon B. JewellCAA, 3·16·27 to 2·29·32 Trans. [0 BenzieEdward L. HammondCAA, 3·1·32 [012·31·34

Evart L. BentonCAA, 12·20·34 to 7·31·38 Trans. to MSUNorris W. WilberCAA, 8·1·38 [02·19-49 DeceasedH. William NewlandACAA, 7·5·45 to 10·31·46

Loren S. ArmbrusterCAA, 5·1·49 to 12-31·50George C. MacQueenACAA, 3·1·50 to 12·31·50 Trans. [0 TuscolaByron E. CarpenterACAA, 1·1·51 [0 12·31·51

Alfred P. BallwegCAA, 5·16·51 to 3·31·58CEO, 4·1·58 to 9·30·65CAA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69[0 10·31·69 Retired

Loren D. BlackACAA, 3·1·52 to 6·30·52 Trans. [0 SaginawTwp. EAA, 10·1·53 to 3·31·55 Denmark Twp.Quentin R. OstranderACAA, 7·1·53 [03·31·55Twp. EAA, 4·1·55 [0 12·31·58 Twp. Prog.; Trans. [0 BayDon R. KeblerACAA, 6·1·55 to 9·30·65

Don R. KeblerEAA, 10·1·65 to dateWilliam L. BortelCEO, 1·1·70w date

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James O. OlsonEAA. 7·23·73 to 3·12·74Samuel J. WoodsEAA. 7·1·74 to 12·31·76EAA.l·l·76to 1·10·77William J. HamiltonDFMA. 12·1·77 to dateMildred M. OmlorHDA. 7·1·45 to 7·4·49 Trans. to OceanaJean E. GilliesHDA. 8·1·49 to 10·31·56 Stud:Yleave

A. Raben EarlACAA. 7·1·56 to 2·28·59CED. 3·1·59 to 9·30-65CAA. 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CED. 3·1·69 to dateLawrence W. StebbinsACAA. 7·13·59 to 8·14·64 Trans. to OceanaFriedrich J. HmninpenACAA. 2·1·65 to 9·30·65EAA. 10·1·65to 8·14·66 Trans. to St. JosephDane Richard BinkleyEAA. 2·1·67 to 5·21·68WiDiamG. PlummerEAA. 5·1·68 to 1·31·74 Trans. to CalhounFrederick LHinkleyEAA.7·1·74todateRuford (Jack) BittnerDMA. 7·1·54 to 10·24·60 wlBenien; DeceasedW. Stewart CarpenterEHA. 1·1·61to 11·)0·71Jordan B. TatterDHA.5·1·72to6·30·75 S.W.Mich.DHMA. 7·1·751012·15·75 S.w. Mich.Theodore M. ThomasDHMA. 5·1·76 to date S.W. Mich.W. Conard SearchDFMA. 3·1·67 to date S.W. Mich.Eleanor DensmoreHDA. 12·15·35 to 1·31·36 wlBenien. Cass, St. Joseph; Trans. 10KentLeona E. SeyfredHDA. 7·1·4510 3·31·52Esther Ann RichmondHDA. 7·1·5210 12·31·53Valeria M. OwsianyHDA. 2·22·5410 5·30·58EHE. 6·1·5810 8·31·64EHE. 9·1·64 to 2·28·66EHE. 9·1·6610 1·15·67

w/Huron. Sanilac

w/Huron. Sanilacw/Huron. Sanilac. Saginaw

Frances T. ClarkHDA. 5·1·56 to 3·31·58EHE. 4·1·58 to 5·7·63 DeceasedBarbara S. HenriksonEHE. 7·1·6410 9·30·65EHE. 10·1·65to 7·31·66 w/HUTon. SanilacJudith Ann SchroeterEHE. 8·1·67 to 6·15·69 w/Huron. SanilacMary E. KerrEHE. 8·11·6910 9·23· 71 w/Huron. SanilacSherry Lynn LowellEHE. 1·1·72 to 2·9·73 w/Huron. SanilacE. Allene MillsEHE. 4·1·7310 10·28·77 W/HUTon. SanilacMurray G. Cnwford4·H. 2·1·47 to 5·22·48Byron E. Carpenter4·H. 7·1·48 to 12·31·50George C. MacQueen4·H. 1·1·51102·15-55 Trans. 10l..illingsronWiDiamF. MuDer4·H. 4·1·55 to 7·31·59 Trans. 10MackinacEddie E. Schnder4·H. 7·20·5910 4·30·65George R. PattuDo4·H. 7·1·65 to 9·30·654·H, 10·1·65to 6·30·66

Study leavewlBenien. Crus; Trans. 10Oceana

w/Huron. SanilacDiane Lee BarberEHE. 7·1-6710 8·14· 70 wlBenien. CassMarilyn Sue PetersonEHE. 10·1·7010 10·15·71 wlBenien. CassConstance H. ReedEHE. 11·29·7110 12·31·78 wlBenien. CessEHE. 1·1·79 to dateCharles H. CarroD4·H. 8·1·18 to 9·30·18Orrin C. Goss4·H. 5·1·20 to 9·30·204·H. 4·1·2210 12·31·22A.M. Shaw4·H. 3·16-23 to 11·15·23Henry C. Gleason4·H. 11·11·35104·30·38 wlBenien. Cess, St. Joseph; Trans. 10CessRuford (Jack) Bittner4·H. 8·1·38 to 9·30·40 wlBenien. Cess, St. Joseph; Trans. 10CessJames S. Willoughby4·H. 6·1·5410 5·31·55A. Robert Earl4·H. 7·1·55 to 6·30·56 Trans. to ACAAJames F. Thar4·H. 7·1·5610 2·28·57Genld W. Davis4·H. 3·11·57 to 9-30·584·H. 6·1·58 to 12·31·58Friedrich J. Henningsen4·H. 1·1·5910 1·31·65 Trans. to ACAA

Bernard R. Jardot4·H. 7·20·67 to date w/Huron. Sanilac

VAN BUREN COUNTY

Charles M. FreyCAA. 7·1·13to 8·31·\3 Farm Mgt. FieldStudiesThomas A. FarrandCAA. 3·1·16 to 2·28·18Wesley C. EckardCAA. 3·1·18 to 2·28·25Earl BangsACAA. 6-25·1810 10·1·18WiDiamF. JohnstonCAA. 3·1·2510 12·31·35 Trans. 10MSUJohn G. WoodmanCAA. 1·1·36to 4·30·45Jerry H. MandigoACAA. 7·1·4310 4·30·45CAA. 5·1·4510 2·29·48 Trans. 10BerrienDenio A. CaulACAA. 9·15-45 to 2·29·48CAA. 3·1-48 to 6·30·55 Trans. to CES Adm.Kermit V. WashburnACAA. 6·7·4810 7·15·55CAA. 7·16-5510 5-31·58CED. 6·1-5810 3·31·59 RetiredLeonard J. HillACAA. 8·22·5510 3·31·56

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Theodore A. Sprangel, Jr.4-H. 3-8-6510 9-30-654-H. 10-1-6510 4-15-66 wlBerrien. Cass

Edward A. Poole4-H. 10-1-67 to date wlBerrien, Cass

Arthur E. Hagen4-H. 1-1-2710 3-31-33

Lyle A. Thorburn4-H. 1-1-4610 10-15-46

Marion T. Bust4-H. 3-19-47 [01-31-49

Frank V. Gendron4-H. 7-23-51 [0 9-30-55 Trans. [0 MSUMarvin W. Boss4-H. I-I-56 [03-31-58

Emil L. Fimbinger4-H. 7-1-58[0 11-30-59 Trans. [0 UP.James M. Hutchinson4-H. 12-1-59 [05-15-61

Sharon Lee Hall4-H. 1-1-61 [0 10-21-62 Trans. [0 CMI Agt., Grand RapidsRobert W. McCrory4-H. 6-1-61 [0 3-31-63 Trans. to EAA

Lora Kay Wise4-H. 1-1-63 [0 8-6-66

Norman A. Brown4-H. 9-1-63 [010-31-64 Trans. [0 MSUEdward A. Poole4-H. 3-1-65 [09-30-654-H. 10-1-65 [09-30-67 w/Lenawee, Monroe; Trans. to Van BurenCarolyn O. Little4-H. 1-1-67 [05-15-70

Duncan E. Sanford4-H. 5-1-70 [0 8-20-74

Beverly D. Chethik4-H. 4-18-75 to 5-11-78

Bernadette M. Sietz-Garbe4-H. 8-1-78 [0 date

Rodney A. Petteys4-H. 1-15-75 [0 date wlLenawee, MonroeCharlene Berels4-H.7-1-80todate

WASHTENA W COUNTY

W. E. UnderdownCAA. 5-1-1710 10-31-17

Harold S. OslerCAA, 2-8-1810 6-30-51 RetiredGeorge D. HurrellACAA. 9-1-42 to 12-31-43

Donald R. JohnsonACAA. 5-1-49 [06-30-51CAA. 7-1-51 [0 5-31-58CED. 6-1-58 [09-30-65CAA. 10-1-65 [02-28-69CED. 3-1-69 to 5-5-75 DeceasedWilbur A. DexterACAA. 7-1-54 [0 1-31-56ACAA. 7-1-56 [05-31-58EAA. 6-1-58 [03-31-63DFMA. 4-1-63 [09-30-68 Trans. [0 MSURobert W. McCroryEAA. 4-1-63 [012-31-67 Trans. to ChippewaJoseph William AmesEAA, 7-1-68 to date

John W. ComstockCED. 11-1-75 [0 10-1-80 RetiredRoberta L. LawrenceEHA. 12-1-76 [0 date

Kerry J. KellyEHA. 8-1-79 to date

John K. TrockeDHMA. 4-1-76 to 9-2-78 DeceasedBertella May RussellHDA. 1-1-36 [06-30-38

Ardis H. NugentHDA. 8-1-38 [0 5-31-42

Frances E. WilsonHDA. 7-1-42 to 8-31-47

Mary C. WisemanHDA.IO-1-47t08-31-48

Anna B. BrownHDA. 9-1-48 [05-31-58EHE, 6-1-58 [012-31-62

Alice E. EppleEHE, 8-1-60 to 11-15-64EHE. 6-1-67 to 12-14-68 wlI..enawee, Monroe;

Trans. [0 MSUHelen W. FairmanEHE. 1-1-65 to date wlLenawee, MonroeJeanette Doris DrewEHE, 2-1-70 to 4-12- 72

Marion B. PrinceEHE, 8-15-72 to date

E. F. Lyons4-H, 1-1-19 to 8-21-20 DeceasedAmy B. Huesman4-H, 7-16-18 to 9-30-18

Beryl O. Hagerman4-H, 1-1-21 to 12-31-21

A. L. Watt4-H, 4-1-22 to 3-31-24

Frank C. Essick4-H, 5-24-24 to 12-31-26

WAYNE COUNTY

O. I. GreggCAA, 6-1-17 to 9-15-22 Trans. to MSURalph J. CarrCAA. 9-16-22 to 8-23-36 DeceasedEllsworth I. BesemerCAA, 10-15-36 to 4-30-48

Philip R. BiebesheimerCAA, 7-12-48 to 8-31-58CED, 9-1-58 to 7-31-62 RetiredRussell T. DelpDHA, 8-15-46 to 12-31-48

John D. PottsACAA, 5-1-49 to 11-15-52

Nicky A. SmithACAA, 6-15-53 to 8-31-58EAA. 9-1-58 to 10-31-60 Trans. to MSUEdgar C. KiddEAA, 9-1-59 to 10-31-68 Trans. to MonroeDonald D. JuchartzEHA. 7-1-56 to 7-31-62CED, 8-1-62 to 9-30-65CAA, 10-1-65 to 2-28-69CED, 3-1-69 to date

Gurdon K. DennisEHA, 9-15-62 to 9-30-65DHA. 10-1-65 to 6-30-75DHMA, 7-1-75 to date

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John F. SchwartzEAA. 7-1-6710 2-28-69EHA. 3-1-6910 7-31-69John F. LeechEAA. 4-1-6910 9-30-71Gerald E. DraheimEHA. 8-1-7010 daleForrest O. StrandDMA. 6-1-5810 11-30-59Don L. HineDMA. 5-1-60 10 5-31-68Ronald L. BeechDMA. 1-20-70104-17-75 Trans. 10MidlandBessie L. RogersHDA. 3-18-1810 6-30-19Marian H. RogersHDA, 9-1-1910 9-30-22Jennie Woodworth WellsHDA, 10-16-2210 6-30-24 Trans. 10U.P.Lois M. CorbettHDA. 7-1-2410 5-31-29 Trans. 10Srale 4-H SraffEmma D. DuBordHDA. 9-1-2910 12-31-55 RetiredMargaret A. ColeHDA. 9-6-3810 7-31-39Ruth M. CodeHDA. 1-1-4610 6-30-46Eleanor W. MullikinAHDA, 10-16-5410 12-31-55HDA, 1-1-5610 6-30-57Nina L. BairdHDA, 2-20-5610 10-15-57Lucille A. MonarkHDA. 9-1-57 to 8-31-58EHE, 9-1-58 w 3-15-59Rosella McKinley BannisterHDA. 10-1-5710 8-31-58EHE, 9-1-58 w 7-31-61EHE, 4-1-63 w 1-31-64

Margaret Ann HillCMIA, 1-1-5610 8-15-56Marjorie G. Gibb.CMIA. 8-1-5410 12-31-67Forrest O. StrandCMIA. 7-1-5610 5-31-58 Trans. 10DMAHildegard F. HelleCMIA. 3-25-6810 5-16-69Arleen H. ArnoldCMIA.7-1-6910dateMary H. Grosvenor4-H, 9-1-1710 10-31-174-H, 4-16-1810 7-31-18Karla H. Van Ostrand4-H, 7-1-1810 9-30-18Glen O. Stewart4-H, 2-16-1910 4-30-21Lawrence W. Ross4-H, 7-15-21109-1-22William C. Boman4-H, 5-1-2110 7-15-21J. W. Wagner4-H, 7-16-2210 12-31-24Margaret Eckhardt4-H. 9-20-2910 10-31-41Kenneth J. Anderson4-H, 11-1-4110 1-31-46W. Dean Gordon4-H, 1-2-43109-30-43Ada Peck Watson4-H, 9-15-43108-31-45Marie A. Wolfe4-H. 10-1-4510 9-30-49 Trans. 10Srare 4-H StaffO. Raymond Lamb4-H. 1-16-4910 5-14-53 Trans. 10JacksonNelson D. Cushman4-H, 1-25-5010 2-29-52 Trans. 10CalhounLois Irene Vetal4-H, 9-1-5210 7-10-53Emil L. Fimbinger4-H, 9-1-5310 8-31-55Betty M. Sorrells4-H. 2-1-5510 3-31-55Barbara M. Goral4-H. 9-15-5510 5-15-57Delwyn A. Dyer4-H, 6-22-53 109-21-60Don L. Hine4-H. 9-1-5810 4-30-60 Trans. 10DMA. DelToilRobert W. Paulson4-H. 10-1-5910 9-30-654-H. 10-1-6510 9-6-68 wlMacomb. OaklandLeslie A. Mack4-H. 7-1-60 106-30-61 Trans. 10MSUWilliam G. Younglove4-H, 7-1-6910 8-31-71 wlMacomb, OaklandDouglas E. Maddex4-H, 5-1-7210 6-30-76 wlMacomb. OaklandRonald R. Smoker4-H. 9-1-72 10 10-18-74William M. Mills4-H, 8-10-7310 1-31-804-H. 2-1-8010 date w/OaklandDempsey B. Allen4-H. 8-1-7610 8-31-77 Trans. 10Saginaw

Isabella F. McClellanEHE, 9-8-58 eo 1-31-61Betty Lou C. BargerEHE. 1-23-6110 10-31-62Janet L. VoorheisEHE. 1-1-63 to 9-30-65June L. SearsEHE, 6-1-6310 9-30-65EHE. 10·1-6510 6-30-67 wlMacomb, OaklandEHE. 7·1·6710 9·30-72 w/OaklandEHE. 7·1·7310 daleDiane M. PlaceEHE, 2·1-64103-20-64Karen Van HineEHE. 9·1-6410 9·30·65Kathleen R. BuhonEHE, 2·1-6710 9-30·69EHE. 10-1-6910 dale wlOaklandJudy B. BednarEHE, 7·1-6910 6-15-71Jobne R. CrinerEHE. 11·1-7110 12-31-78 w/OaklandCathy L. GallagherEHE, 2·1· 72 10 12·31·74 Trans. 10OceanaEleanor C. RhinesmithEHE, 3-1·7910 daleJosephine H. LawyerCMIA, 7·1·5410 12-31-55 Trans. 10Oakland

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Margaret A. Leskosky4·H, 9·27· 76 to date w/OaklandDelores L. Verriett4·H, 12·1·77 to 6·12·78 w/OaklandJames E. Locke4·H,9·1·78to4·30·79 w/OaklandLester H. Schick4·H, 3·1· 77 to 10·1· 78 Trans. to MSUPaul E. Bridgewater4·H, 3·1· 77 to 5·22·80 Urban Garden Prog.Patrick D. Livingston4·H, 1·20·77 to date Sea Grant Prog.Dorothy M. Rhoda4·H, 4·1·79 to 2·22·80

WEXFORD COUNTY

James F. ZimmerCAA, 10·1·14 to 12·31·16

George E. PiperCAA, 1·10·17 to 11·3·17

Clark D. MasonCAA, 1·7·18 to 11·15·19

William F. JohnstonCAA, 1·1·20 to 2·28-25 Trans. to Van BurenKenneth OusterhoutCAA, 3·1·25 to 12·31·28 Trans. to Antrim

Philip R. BiebesheimerCAA, 2·1·29 to 7·11-48 Trans. to WayneL. Wendell BarnesCAA, 8·1·48 to 7-31-58CEO, 8·1·58 to 10·17-59 DeceasedGeorge H. BartlettCEO, 12·1·59 to 9·30·65CENRA, 10·1·65 to 2·28·69CEO, 3·1·69 to date

June M. PetersonEHE, 7·1·77 to 9·30· 77 ENPEHE, 10·1· 77 to date

Clara Glidden SlateHOA, 8·15·49 to 6·30·53 wlMissaukee, Roscommon

Margaret C. BrowneHOA, 8·1·53 to 6·30·54' wlMissaukee, RoscommonHOA, 7·1·54 to 7·9·54 Trans. to MSURuth GouldHOA, 9·1·54 to 7·31-58 Trans. to U. P.Jane W. VenableEHE, 8·1·58 to 12·31·61EHE, 1·1·62 to 12·31·63

Jean Wilson LeachEHE, 10·1·65 to 2·28·67EHE, 10·1·75 to 9·30· 76

Marion K. MaxonEHE, 5·1·67 to 8·31· 75

Linda Hummel ColeEHE, 9·1· 76 to 8·31· 78

wlMissaukee, Roscommon

wlMissaukee, OsceolawlMissaukee, Mecosta, Osceola

wlMissaukee; Trans. to Benzie

wlMissaukeeMargaret A. BethelEHE, 9·1· 78 to date w/OsceolaRoy Noteware4·H, 6·1·18 to 8·31·18Dee L. Weaver4·H, 3·25·46 to 5·31-52 wlMissaukee, Roscommon

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