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Barriers to Communication
Noise in the Communication Process
Success of Communication
Communication is successful only when the receiver understands the message intended by the sender.Effective Communication occurs when sender obtains intended results from the receiver.So UNDERSTANDING is the goal achieved in any successful communication.
Success of Communication (contd)
Effective communication is difficult to achieve as it involves other aspects of behaviour like motivation, leadership, persuasion, and power.Further, effective communication implies good communication but good communication itself does not ensure effective communication
Barriers to Effective Communication
Since the communication process is complex, distortions can take place at every stage.
Barriers to Effective Communication (contd)
For the purpose of convenience, we will categorize these as Sender Related
Situation Related
Receiver Related
Communication Barriers
Five types of communication barriers:Perceptual and Language---Perception is a person’s individual interpretation of the sensory world---The more experiences you share,the greater the understanding
Restrictive/Authoritarian management---Can block/distort/fragment communication
Communication Barriers (contd)
Distractions---Physical/Emotional
Deceptive Tactics---Leads to failure
Information Overload
Nonmechanical and Nonsemantic Barriers
Assumptions
FearsReluctance to
confrontRidicule,
rejection, fear of being wrong
Nonmechanical and Nonsemantic Barriers (contd)
Authority relationships
Unmanaged stress
Corporate culture
Psychological Barriers
To help messages move more smoothly at the workplace avoid the following:Allness:
Avoid the use of words like ‘always’, ‘never’, ‘nobody’
Conveys a “know-it-all attitude”. In receiver---an all-knowing
attitude, Listener doesn’t listen to sender. So sender thinks receiver is
dogmatic.
Psychological Barriers
‘Allness’ (contd):
Sender groups all his receivers in one category about which he presumes to know every thing.
Uses words like ‘everyone’, ‘all’, ‘never’, etc.
Psychological Barriers
‘Allness’ (contd)Allness results in arrogance and
closemindedness.SOLUTION—Qualify abstract or
categorical statements with phrases like ‘in most cases’, ‘probably’. Label opinions with phrases like ‘it seems to me’
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Blindering: Putting blinders on your
perception. Involves rigid categorising. People use it when they are
puzzled about a particular problem,
‘Blindering’ (contd):Adopt a “one size fits all solution.Skips an important step in problem solving
namely, seeking innovations.
SOLUTION: Never rely only on old solutions to new problems
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Fact-Inference Confusion: Jumping to conclusions based on inferences.
Failure to distinguish between fact and inference.
Inferences need not be illogical. They need to be verified.
Fact Inference Confusion (contd):SOLUTION: Find evidences for your inferences. Use qualifiers like ‘in my opinion’,
‘evidence suggests’, etc.
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Polarization: Viewing things as if only two
alternatives exist even when others do exist.
This logical fallacy is also called ‘either/or’, ‘yes/no’, ‘them/us’, ‘black’/white’
SOLUTION: Accept that other solutions also exist
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Frozen Evaluation: Form of resistance to change.A judgement set in concrete Occurs when one forgets the process of change.
Frozen Evaluation (contd):SOLUTION :
Apply the ‘when index’. It helps one to consider change in one’s evaluations, and to distinguish between various phases of time/situations.
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Premature Evaluation: Very close to poor listening. Prematurely evaluating the
speaker’s message. Listening without hasty
judgements can make the whole organization more effective.
SOLUTION:Hear the person fully before judging
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Thelamic Reaction: Tendency of people to react to information
without allowing brain to consider and weigh the words that are spoken
Letting emotions take control SOLUTION: Withhold evaluation before comprehension. First think before speaking
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Selective Perception: Receiver selectively hears/sees information based on own needs, experience, background, and individual traits. Projects own interests and expectation into the message whilst decoding.
Selective Perception (contd): Intended meaning is distortedReceiver ends up ignoring other relevant
information. Understanding dependant on his ‘perceptual
world’.Results in rejection of new ideas and ignoring
information that conflicts with what they already believe.
SOLUTION: Be open to new ideas
Psychological Barriers (contd)
Ten Commandments Of Good Communication
Seek to clarify ideas before communicatingExamine the true purpose of each communicationConsider the total physical & human setting whenever you communicate
Ten Commandments Of Good Communication (contd)
Consult others, wherever appropriate, in planning communicationsBe mindful, while you communicate, of the overtones as well as the basic content of your message.Take the opportunity to convey something of value to the receiver
Ten Commandments of Good Communication (contd)
Follow up your communication
Communicate for tomorrow as well as today
Be sure your actions support your communications
Be a good listener
The End