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Introduction toResearch Methods and
Statistics
Dr Nahed Kandeel
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Research Methods and Statistics Hours/week: 2 hours Theory 2 hours Practical Evaluation system:
Final written exam 50
Oral exam 20
Semester work 30
Total: 100
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TotalStatisticsResearchmethods
Distribution of
marks502525Final written
exam201010Oral exam301515Semester
work/practical1005050Total
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Semester work:
A research proposal 10 marks
(Written and oral presentation)
Critique of a research paper 5 marks
(Written and oral presentation)
Research Methods
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Definition of ResearchResearch
A systematic approach and a rigorousmethod aims to generate newknowledge
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What is Nursing Research?A systematic approach to
examining phenomena important
to nursing and nurses
(Talbot, 1995)
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A systematic search for and
validation of knowledge about
issues of importance to the
nursing profession
(Polit and Hungler, 1999)
What is Nursing Research?
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The Importance of Researchto Nursing It validates nursing as a profession.
It provides a scientific basis for nursing
practice.
It demonstrates accountability of the
profession.
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To develop a scientifically based body
of knowledge unique to nursing
To answer questions
To solve problems
To improve the quality of care
To advance nursing as a profession
The Purpose of NursingResearch
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Sources of Knowledge forNursingChanging the patients position every 2
hours reduces the risk of bed source
Increase the intake of salt may increase
the risk of hypertension
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Tradition
Authority
Experience & trial and error
Logical reasoning
Disciplined research
Sources of knowledge forNursing
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TraditionInherited customs
Changing bed sheets every morning
Measuring vital signs every 6 hours
It interferes with the ability to
perceive alternatives
Sources of knowledge forNursing
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AuthorityPeople with specialized expertise in
every filed.
Placing the trust in the judgment ofpeople who have experience and
training on the issue of concern.
Sources of knowledge forNursing
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Experience & trial and errorNurses own experience in clinical area
One nurse can not make generalizationfrom her own experience.
People have different experiences.
Trail and error is haphazard andunsystematic methods for solving a problem
Sources of knowledge forNursing
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Logical reasoningA method of knowing combines
experience and formal system of
thoughts.
Sources of knowledge forNursing
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Logical Reasoning Inductive reasoningThe process of developing generalization
from specific observationDeductive reasoning
The process of developing specific
predictions from general principle
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Disciplined researchKnowledge borrowed from research in
other disciples.
Sources of knowledge forNursing
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