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Copy the following on the bottom six lines of NB p. 15. Lee’s reasons for invading the North
Copy the following on the bottom six lines of NB p. 15.
Lee’s reasons for invading the
North
Class Notes 16.3 (NB p. 15)Write a brief description of each of the following:
1. Ulysses S. Grant
2. Fort Henry and Fort Donelson
3. Battle of Shiloh
4. Fall of New Orleans
5. Seven Days’ Battles
6. Battle of Antietam
7. Robert E. Lee
8. George McClellan
Use the rest of the page!
Lesson 16.3: No End in SightLesson 16.3: No End in Sight
Today we will describe the critical events of the war in 1862.
Today we will describe the critical events of the war in 1862.
Vocabulary
• critical – very important; changes things
• cavalry – soldiers on horseback
• casualties – people killed or wounded in battle
• invade – enter like an enemy
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• What does it mean to describe an event as critical?
What are cavalry?
Calvary refers to soldiers on horseback.Calvary refers to soldiers on horseback.
What are casualties?
Casualties are people who are killed or wounded in battle.
Casualties are people who are killed or wounded in battle.
What does it mean to invade?What does it mean to invade?
To invade is to go into a place with hostile intent,
like an enemy would.
To invade is to go into a place with hostile intent,
like an enemy would.
What We Already KnowWhat We Already Know
Robert E. Lee had resigned from the
Union army and had offered his services to
the Confederacy.
Robert E. Lee had resigned from the
Union army and had offered his services to
the Confederacy.
What We Already KnowWhat We Already Know
The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run made many in the North doubt
whether the war could be won.
The Confederate victory at the Battle of Bull Run made many in the North doubt
whether the war could be won.
What We Already KnowWhat We Already KnowThe union strategy called for a coastal
blockade and capture of the Mississippi River to cut the Confederacy in two.
The union strategy called for a coastal blockade and capture of the Mississippi
River to cut the Confederacy in two.
Union Victories in the West
In 1862, Union general Ulysses S. Grant captured two Confederate river forts in
Tennessee.
In 1862, Union general Ulysses S. Grant captured two Confederate river forts in
Tennessee.
Union Victories in the West
• Both forts were commanded by Confederate general Lloyd Tilghman.
• These were Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.
• Both forts were commanded by Confederate general Lloyd Tilghman.
• These were Fort Henry on the Tennessee River and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.
Union Victories in the West
Capturing Fort Henry was important
because such a victory would open up
a river highway into the heart of the South
allowing Union gunboats and
supplies to travel on the river as far as northern Alabama.
Capturing Fort Henry was important
because such a victory would open up
a river highway into the heart of the South
allowing Union gunboats and
supplies to travel on the river as far as northern Alabama.
A week later, Union troops captured
Tennessee’s capital, Nashville.
A week later, Union troops captured
Tennessee’s capital, Nashville.
Union Victories in the WestUnion Victories in the West
The Battle of ShilohThe Battle of Shiloh
• As Confederate troops retreated into Mississippi, Grant followed.
• The two sides met in April 1862 near Shiloh Church in Tennessee.
• As Confederate troops retreated into Mississippi, Grant followed.
• The two sides met in April 1862 near Shiloh Church in Tennessee.
The Battle of ShilohThe Battle of Shiloh
The Battle of Shiloh turned out to be the bloodiest battle the Civil War had yet seen.The Battle of Shiloh turned out to be the
bloodiest battle the Civil War had yet seen.
The Battle of ShilohThe Battle of Shiloh
• The number of dead and wounded Union soldiers was more than 13,000.
• The Confederates lost nearly 11,000 out of 41,000 soldiers.
• The number of dead and wounded Union soldiers was more than 13,000.
• The Confederates lost nearly 11,000 out of 41,000 soldiers.
The Battle of Shiloh
• Union Congressmen were shocked by the casualties at Shiloh and demanded Grant’s removal.
The Battle of Shiloh
• Union Congressmen were shocked by the casualties at Shiloh and demanded Grant’s removal.
• Lincoln replied, “I can’t spare this man – he fights.”
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
17. Where did Ulysses S. Grant win three important victories in the West?
A. Shiloh
B. Fort McHenry
C. Fort Henry
D. New Orleans
E. Fort Donelson
Choose all that are true!
Why was the Battle of Shiloh considered a costly victory for the North?
Although the battle was a Union victory, almost 13,000 federal soldiers were killed or wounded.Although the battle was a Union victory, almost 13,000 federal soldiers were killed or wounded.
The Fall of New OrleansThe Fall of New OrleansIn April 1862, a Union fleet led by David Farragut captured New Orleans, defended by Confederate
General Mansfield Lovell.
In April 1862, a Union fleet led by David Farragut captured New Orleans, defended by Confederate
General Mansfield Lovell.
The Fall of New OrleansThe Fall of New Orleans
After the victories of General Grant and Admiral Farragut, the Union controlled most of the
Mississippi River.
After the victories of General Grant and Admiral Farragut, the Union controlled most of the
Mississippi River.
The Fall of New OrleansThe Fall of New Orleans
The North was well on its way to
cutting the Confederacy in
two.
The North was well on its way to
cutting the Confederacy in
two.
But guarding the remaining stretch of the Mississippi was the heavily armed
Confederate fort at Vicksburg.
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
18. Why were Union victories in the West and the fall of New Orleans significant to the Union cause?
A. These victories established a tighter naval blockade of the Confederate coast.
B. The Union was now closer to capturing the Confederate capital at Charleston.
C. They helped the Union gain foreign support from Britain and France.
D. They meant the North was nearer its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two.
A. These victories established a tighter naval blockade of the Confederate coast.
B. The Union was now closer to capturing the Confederate capital at Charleston.
C. They helped the Union gain foreign support from Britain and France.
D. They meant the North was nearer its goal of cutting the Confederacy in two.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
• In 1862, in the East, after many delays, Union General George McClellan finally made his move to capture Richmond.
• Soon, McClellan’s Army of the Potomac was within a few miles of the Confederate capital.
• In 1862, in the East, after many delays, Union General George McClellan finally made his move to capture Richmond.
• Soon, McClellan’s Army of the Potomac was within a few miles of the Confederate capital.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
In June 1862, Robert E. Lee took
command of the Army of Northern
Virginia and began to turn things
around.
In June 1862, Robert E. Lee took
command of the Army of Northern
Virginia and began to turn things
around.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
• Lee sent Jeb Stuart and his cavalry to spy on McClellan’s army and to find out its size.
• Stuart rode around the entire Union army in just a few days and reported its size back to Lee.
• Lee sent Jeb Stuart and his cavalry to spy on McClellan’s army and to find out its size.
• Stuart rode around the entire Union army in just a few days and reported its size back to Lee.
Lee Claims Victories in the EastLee Claims Victories in the East
Lee attacked McClellan’s forces, and for about a week in July the two sides fought a series of clashes known as the Seven Days’ Battles.
Lee attacked McClellan’s forces, and for about a week in July the two sides fought a series of clashes known as the Seven Days’ Battles.
Lee Claims Victories in the East
After Confederate troops won a second victory at Bull Run against McClellan six weeks later, the Union army retreated to Washington, D.C.
After Confederate troops won a second victory at Bull Run against McClellan six weeks later, the Union army retreated to Washington, D.C.
Lee Invades the NorthLee Invades the North
• In September 1862, Lee crossed the Potomac to invade Maryland.
• He decided to carry the war to the North for several reasons.
• First of all, he hoped that a victory would force Lincoln to talk peace.
• In September 1862, Lee crossed the Potomac to invade Maryland.
• He decided to carry the war to the North for several reasons.
• First of all, he hoped that a victory would force Lincoln to talk peace.
Lee Invades the North
Second, the invasion
would give Virginia
farmers a break from
the war during harvest season.
Second, the invasion
would give Virginia
farmers a break from
the war during harvest season.
Lee Invades the North
Lee’s third reason was based on the
Confederacy’s need for foreign assistance.
Lee’s third reason was based on the
Confederacy’s need for foreign assistance.
Lee Invades the North
By 1862, the English textile industry was beginning to suffer from a lack of Southern cotton.
By 1862, the English textile industry was beginning to suffer from a lack of Southern cotton.
Lee Invades the NorthLee Invades the North
People in Britain and France were starting to lean toward supporting the Confederacy, but their political leaders were not yet convinced the
Confederacy could win independence.
People in Britain and France were starting to lean toward supporting the Confederacy, but their political leaders were not yet convinced the
Confederacy could win independence.
Lee Invades the NorthLee Invades the North
Lee hoped that a successful invasion of the North might persuade European governments to side with the South.
Lee hoped that a successful invasion of the North might persuade European governments to side with the South.
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
What was the result of the Seven Days’ Battles?
What was the result of the Seven Days’ Battles?
A. Union forces scored their first victory against Lee.
B. Confederates turned back the Union effort to take Richmond.
C. Ulysses Grant replaced McClellan.D. Fort Donelson and Fort Henry fell.
A. Union forces scored their first victory against Lee.
B. Confederates turned back the Union effort to take Richmond.
C. Ulysses Grant replaced McClellan.D. Fort Donelson and Fort Henry fell.
19. Why did Lee decide to invade the North?
A. Victory on Union soil might force Lincoln to talk peace.
B. Winning battles on Union soil would bring him personal glory.
C. A successful invasion might convince Europe to side with the South.
D. Moving the fighting into Maryland would give Virginia farmers a rest during the harvest season.
Choose all that are true!Choose all that are true!
Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam
Just as Lee was beginning his
invasion of the North, a Union soldier found a
copy of his battle plans wrapped
around a bundle of cigars.
Just as Lee was beginning his
invasion of the North, a Union soldier found a
copy of his battle plans wrapped
around a bundle of cigars.
Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam
General McClellan now knew Lee’s campaign plans, and he launched an attack of his own against Lee’s army.
General McClellan now knew Lee’s campaign plans, and he launched an attack of his own against Lee’s army.
Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam• The Battle of Antietam, Maryland in
September 1862 was the bloodiest day in all of American history.
• Almost 25,000 soldiers were killed or wounded.
• The Battle of Antietam, Maryland in September 1862 was the bloodiest day in all of American history.
• Almost 25,000 soldiers were killed or wounded.
Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam
Lee lost about one-third of his fighting force, and he withdrew to Virginia.
Lee lost about one-third of his fighting force, and he withdrew to Virginia.
Bloody AntietamBloody Antietam
• McClellan did not follow, missing a chance to finish off the wounded Southern army.
• President Lincoln was so angry that he fired McClellan.
• McClellan did not follow, missing a chance to finish off the wounded Southern army.
• President Lincoln was so angry that he fired McClellan.
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
20. What were the results of the Battle of Antietam?
20. What were the results of the Battle of Antietam?
A. Lincoln was urged to remove Grant from command.
B. Several high-ranking officers were killed on both sides.
C. It was the bloodiest single day in all of American history.
D. Lee lost nearly one-third of his fighting force.E. Lincoln fired McClellan for being too cautious.F. Cavalry commander Jeb Stuart rode around
the entire Union army.G. Lee retreated from Maryland.
A. Lincoln was urged to remove Grant from command.
B. Several high-ranking officers were killed on both sides.
C. It was the bloodiest single day in all of American history.
D. Lee lost nearly one-third of his fighting force.E. Lincoln fired McClellan for being too cautious.F. Cavalry commander Jeb Stuart rode around
the entire Union army.G. Lee retreated from Maryland.
Choose all that are true!Choose all that are true!
Why did Lee retreat after the Battle of Antietam?
Why did Lee retreat after the Battle of Antietam?
A. He had exhausted his supplies and needed to return to Virginia.
B. President Davis ordered him to return to defend Richmond from Grant’s attacks.
C. His men had lost their former confidence in his leadership.
D. The defeat had cost him about one-third of his fighting force.
A. He had exhausted his supplies and needed to return to Virginia.
B. President Davis ordered him to return to defend Richmond from Grant’s attacks.
C. His men had lost their former confidence in his leadership.
D. The defeat had cost him about one-third of his fighting force.
