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Copyright ©2003, Global Education Resources, L.L.C. All Rights Reserved
Lesson Study: Lesson Study: A Japanese Approach to A Japanese Approach to
Improving the Teaching and Improving the Teaching and Learning of MathematicsLearning of Mathematics
Makoto Yoshida, Ph.D.Global Education Resources
(www.globaledresources.com)
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What Is Lesson Study?What Is Lesson Study?
Lesson study is a process Japanese teachers engage in to continually improve the quality of the learning experiences they provide to their students.
授業 研究Lesson Study
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Three Main ActivitiesThree Main Activities
1.Identifying a Lesson Study goal2.Conducting a small number of
“Study Lessons (or Research Lessons)” that explore this goal
3.Reflecting on the process (including producing written reports)
Lesson study involves teachers coming together to work on three main activities:
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Identify and Establish Identify and Establish Lesson Study GoalLesson Study Goal
1. What kind of students do we have and what kind of students do we want to foster
2. How do we get there?
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An Example of Lesson Study An Example of Lesson Study GoalGoal
1. Paterson Public School No.2 (Paterson, NJ)
a. School Goal: “Creating a community of responsible learners”
b. Lesson Study Goal: “To encourage, record, and share student thinking”
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Working on a “Study Working on a “Study Lesson”Lesson”
Research and Preparation: The teachers jointly draw up a detailed
plan for the Study Lesson.Implementation: A teacher teaches the “Study Lesson” in a
real classroom while other group members observe.
Reflection and Improvement: The group comes together to discuss the
instruction witnessed and what it taught them about the goal they set out to explore.
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Working on a “Study Working on a “Study Lesson” (2)Lesson” (2)
Second Implementation and Reflection (optional):
A second teacher teaches the “Study Lesson” in a real classroom while the other group members observe.
The second implementation is followed by a group discussion on the instruction witnessed.
Filing Records: The teachers produce a report of their
work
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A Lesson Study CycleA Lesson Study Cycle
(Research & Preparation)
(Implementation)
(Implementation)
(Reflection & Improvement)
(Reflection & Filing of Records)
Group Meetings
Study Lesson (1)
Study Lesson (2)
Group Meetings
Group Meetings
A Typical Lesson Study Cycle
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1. Planning a Research 1. Planning a Research LessonLesson
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22a. Implementing the a. Implementing the Research LessonResearch Lesson
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22b. Observing the Research b. Observing the Research LessonLesson
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3. 3. Reflecting on the Research Reflecting on the Research LessonLesson
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4. 4. Re-Implementing the Re-Implementing the Research LessonResearch Lesson
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5. 5. Reflecting on the Reflecting on the Research LessonResearch Lesson
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Producing Lesson Producing Lesson PlanPlan
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A Year-Long Schedule for A Year-Long Schedule for Lesson StudyLesson Study
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
1st Trimester
2nd Trimester
3rd Trimester
(Summer Vacation)
Groundwork Lower-Grade Level Lesson Study
Middle-Grade Level Lesson Study
Upper-Grade Level Lesson Study
Group Meetings
Study Lesson (1)
Study Lesson (2)
Group Meetings
Group Meetings
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Reflecting on the Lesson Reflecting on the Lesson Study ProcessStudy Process
1. Reflect on and discuss the Lesson Study process at the end of year.
2. Produce a report3. Develop a plan for the next year
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Research Report Research Report BookletBooklet
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Publications by TeachersPublications by Teachers
Education Book Section at Large Bookstores
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Different Ways to Conduct Different Ways to Conduct Lesson Study in Japan Lesson Study in Japan
• School-Based (In-School)Whole school (all subjects)Content area study groups
• Inter-schoolRegionally organizedPart of mandated beginning teacher education Voluntarily organized clubs and circlesOrganized by educational associations and
institutions
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Example of Lesson Study
Groups
Description Maine Purpose
In-School Lesson Study
Usually all teachers from a school participate Establish a school lesson study goal Form several sub-groups that engage in a lesson study cycle
Achieving systematic and consistent instructional and learning improvement in the school as a whole Develop a common vision of education at the school through teacher collaboration
District-Wide Lesson Study
Organized as an intra-school lesson study group Usually subject oriented groups (e.g., math teachers from each school in the district gather to conduct lesson study) Meet once or twice a month
Developing communication among the schools in the district. Exchanging ideas between the schools. Improving instruction and learning in the district as a whole
Study-Group Lesson Study(Nation-wide)
Usually a voluntarily organized group Group of enthusiastic practitioners with purpose of improving teaching and learning or curriculum in a certain subject Meet once or twice after school on off-school days
Developing new ideas for teaching chosen topics. Investigating curriculum sequences and contents. Developing curriculum
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Research Lesson Participants
The Lesson Study CycleThe Lesson Study CycleLesson Study Group
Lesson Planning Group
Developing a lesson plan
Revising the lesson plan
Research LessonKenkyu Jugyo
DebriefingKenkyu Kyogikai
Other Sub Groups’ Members
Teachers from the other schools in the same district
Teachers from the other school districts
New Idea for Teaching and Learning
Revising the lesson plan and examine in own
classroom
Reexamine the lesson in own classroom using the lesson
plan
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Characteristics of Lesson Characteristics of Lesson Study (1)Study (1)
1. Lesson study keeps students at the heart of the process
a. Classroom teaching & learning (Become visible)b. Understanding learning process
2. Lesson study helps teachers see classroom practice (teaching and learning) in a concrete form
a. Helps teachers understand new teaching ideasb. Helps teachers develop a clear image of what good
teaching practice entails
3. Lesson study is a form of researcha. Practice is research & teacher as researcherb. Testing hypotheses in the classroom, collecting
student data, reflecting/analyzing
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Characteristics of Lesson Characteristics of Lesson Study (2)Study (2)
1. Lesson study can provide a form of systematic and sustained professional development
a. Driven by teachers >> Continuous PDb. Teacher collaboration creates common understanding of
instruction, curriculum, goals of education, etc. >> consistent learning conditions for students
2. “Lesson” study is not just about the lessona. Opportunities for the teachers to partake in intensively
thinking deeply about instruction, learning, curriculum, education, etc. “Becoming a life-long learner”
b. Producing a perfect lesson is not the goal (Good lessons are byproduct of lesson study process)
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““Lesson Study: An Lesson Study: An Introduction”Introduction”
Produced by Makoto Yoshida & Clea Produced by Makoto Yoshida & Clea Fernandez Fernandez
(20 min. video on CD-ROM)(20 min. video on CD-ROM)To Order visit:www.globaledresources.com
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Useful Lesson Study Useful Lesson Study WebsitesWebsites
1. Global Education Resources: www.globaledresources
2. Lesson Study Research Group: www.tc.edu/lessonstudy
3. Lesson Study in Japan: www.lessonresearch.net
4. Northwest regional Educational Laboratory: www.nwrel.org/msec
5. Research for Better Schools: www.rbs.org
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Lesson Study VideosLesson Study Videos
1. “Lesson study: An Introduction”, Global Education Resources: www.globaledresources.com
2. “Japanese lesson study: Ideas for improving mathematics teaching” (Spring, 2001), NCTM: www.nctm.org
3. “Can you lift 100kg?” and “The secret of trapezes”, Lesson Study in Japan: www.lessonresearch.net
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Topics Discussed During Topics Discussed During an Effective Lesson an Effective Lesson
Study (1)Study (1)1. Relationship of Unit to the Research
Lesson:a. What is taught & how a textbook teaches a
unitb. How other textbooks or materials teach the
unit differentlyc. Relationship of the unit to the curriculumd. Students’ previously learned knowledge &
state of learninge. Goals and important mathematical
concepts in the unitf. How the Research lesson fits into the unitg. Goal of the research lesson
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Topics Discussed During Topics Discussed During an Effective Lesson an Effective Lesson
Study (2)Study (2)1. Research Lesson:
a. Problem the lesson will focus onb. How to start the lesson (engagement &
interest)c. Main question that promotes student thinkingd. Students’ anticipated solutions and teacher’s
response to thosee. Instructional tools & manipulativesf. Handouts & note takingg. Blackboard organization & media useh. Progression, flow and coherence of the lessoni. How and where to end the lessonj. How to evaluate the lesson
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Topics Discussed During Topics Discussed During an Effective Lesson an Effective Lesson
Study (3)Study (3)1. Other issues:
a. Handling individual differencesb. Fostering various student skills to solve
mathematical problems (e.g., drawing diagrams, tables, and graphs; ordering and categorizing)
c. Fostering other student skills besides knowledge about mathematics (e.g., Student listening skills and presentation skills)
d. Type of learning experiences that help students engage, be interested in, and want to further investigate
e. Abstract issuse about mathematics education (e.g., What do we teach students by teaching the subject of mathematics?)