Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 0 Chapter 6 Diseases and Conditions of...

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Slide 1

Chapter 6 Diseases and Conditions

of the Integumentary System

Copyright © 2005 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Learning Objectives

Explain the functions of the skin. Recognize common skin lesions. Describe how seborrheic dermatitis

affects the skin. Discuss the common causes of

contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.


Learning Objectives (cont’d.)

Describe the treatment of acne vulgaris. Explain the pathologic course of herpes zoster. Name the etiology of impetigo. Explain why the treatment of cellulitis is important. Cite examples of classifications of fungal infections of

the skin.



List preventative measures for decubitis ulcers.

Name the two most common parasitic insects to infest man.

Describe how infestation can occur. Name two common premalignant

tumors. Differentiate the three types of skin

cancer.



Describe the guidelines for avoiding excessive sun exposure.

List some conditions that are caused by the abnormal development or distribution of melanocytes.

Name some possible causes of alopecia. State the cause of warts. List some of the likely causes of deformed or

discolored nails.


Chapter 6

Lesson 6.1


Components of the Integumentary System

Skin and accessory organs: Hair Nails Glands Skin layers Dermis Epidermis Subcutaneous layer


Normal Skin


Common Skin Condition Symptoms

cutaneous lesions or eruptions pruritis (itching) pain edema (swelling) erythema (redness) inflammation


A Few Common Skin Lesions

macule plaque cyst pustule scale burrow

papule nodule vesicle crust fissure comedo


Skin Lesions


Skin Lesion (cont’d.)

Note the differences between a macule and a papule: Macule: small, flat, circumscribed lesion

of different color than the rest of the skin Papule: a small firm, elevated lesion






Common Diseases of the Skin

Dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis Contact dermatitis Atopic dermatitis (eczema) Psoriasis


Common Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)

Note the differences between seborrheic dermatitis and contact dermatitis: seborrheic dermatitis – idiopathic

condition resulting in overproduction of sebum

contact dermatitis – localized redness and swelling caused by an irritant or allergen



Acne vulgaris: an inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles

Herpes zoster (shingles): an acute inflammatory dermatomal eruption of painful vesicles



Chickenpox is a precursor to shingles. Both are caused by the herpes

varicella-zoster virus.


Chapter 6Lesson 6.2Chapter 6

Lesson 6.2



Impetigo: contagious, superficial skin infection

Cellulitis: acute, diffuse, bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue


Dermatophytoses

Tinea capitis Tinea corporis (ringworm) Tinea unguium Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) Tinea cruris (jock itch)


Chapter 6Lesson 6.3Chapter 6

Lesson 6.3


Other Diseases of the Skin

Decubitis ulcers (bed sores): localized areas of dead skin

Scabies: infestation by parasitic insects called itch mites

Pediculus: infestation by lice; wingless parasites that feed on human blood


Other Diseases of the Skin (cont’d.)

Species that infest the head and body Pediculus humanus capitis – lice that

infest the head Pediculus humanus corporis – lice that

infest the body Phthirus pubis – pubic lice (crabs) Sarcoptes scabiei – itch mites


Benign Tumors

Seborrheic keratosis: benign growths originating in the epidermis

Dermatofibroma: benign, asymptomatic growths that can be found anywhere on the body

Achrochordon (skin tag): common benign skin growths found mainly on the axilla, neck, and inguinal areas of the body


Premalignant Tumors

Actinic keratosis: common pre-malignant lesions found on sun-exposed areas of the body

Indications: an area of rough, vascular skin, which later forms a yellow crust.


Skin Carcinomas

Non-melanoma skin cancers Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Malignant melanomas The ABCs of malignant melanoma:

A = asymmetry B = border C = color D = diameter


Protection of Skin from the Sun

Avoid exposure 10 a.m.– 3 p.m. Plan outdoor activities for early

morning or late afternoon Wear protective clothing Use sunscreen


Abnormal Skin Pigmentation

albinism: inability to produce melanin (inherited)

vitiligo: pale, irregular patches (may be an immune system disorder)

melasma (chloasma): patches of darker skin on the face

hemangiomas: benign lesions of highly vascularized skin; they may be flat (port-wine stains), elevated, or protuberant


Abnormal Skin Pigmentation (cont’d.)

nevi (moles): small, dark collections of melanocytes seborrheic warts: patches of darkly pigmented skin

with crusty, greasy-looking surface pityriasis: fungal infection; causes patches of flaky,

light, or dark skin on the trunk abnormal suntan: unusual darkening of the skin

resulting from properly used medications


Chapter 6

Lesson 6.4


Causes of Alopecia (Baldness)

heredity aging process systemic illness dermatitis


More Common Diseases of the Skin

Verrucae (warts): warts are elevated growths of the epidermis that result from hyperplasia

Deformed or discolored nails: any unusual thickening, color variation, or change in shape of fingernails or toenails

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