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Fundamentals of Mental Health Nursing, 3rd ed.

CHAPTER 1

THE HISTORY OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

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Trailblazers Florence Nightingale – “founder of nursing”

Dorothea Dix – schoolteacher, not a nurse! suggested government assist patients

Linda Richards – first American-trained nurse; opened Boston City Hospital Training School for Nurses

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Trailblazers

Harriet Bailey – wrote first textbook on psychiatric nursing

Effie Jane Taylor – initiated first psychiatric program of study for nurses

Mary Mahoney – considered to be America’s first African American professional nurse

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Trailblazers

Hilegard Peplau – interpersonal relations in nursing, therapeutic relationships

Hattie Bessent – developed and directed program for advancement of minority nurses into Masters and PhD levels of practice

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The Facilities

Asylums Hospitals Free-standing facilities

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The Breakthroughs

Psychotropic medications (mid-1950s) Deinstitutionalization (a result of psychotropic

medications) Nursing organizations and recommendations

ANA NLN Nurse Practice Act

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The Laws

National Mental Health Act of 1946 The Community Mental Health Centers Act of

1963 – President Kennedy The Patient Bill of Rights – 1980 OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act) –

1981

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