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Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 20 • The Diversity of Fungi
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Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chapter 20
• The Diversity of Fungi
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
cell wall
septum
cytoplasm
pore
two haploidnuclei
hyphae
Key Features of Fungi
•Filamentous body (F20.1 p. 388) •Obtain Their Nutrients from Other Organisms•Most Fungi Can Reproduce Both Sexually & Asexually •Propagate by Spores
•Some eject spores (F20.2 p. 389)
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
How Are Fungi Classified?• The Phyla of Fungi (T20.1 p. 390)
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
Chytrids
• Chytrids Produce Swimming Spores– Chytrid
filaments (F20.3 p. 389)
spores(haploid)
Meiosis occurs aszygospore germinates.
zygospore(diploid)
Nuclei in commoncell fuse.
haploid
diploid
sporangia
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
spores(haploid)
ASEXUALREPRODUCTION
hypha, (+) mating type (haploid)
hypha, (–) mating type(haploid)
sporangia
sporangia
Zygote Fungi zygomycete
Can Reproduceby Forming Diploid Spores
zygomycete life cycle (F20.4 p. 391)
Sac Fungi ascomycetes •Form Spores in a Saclike Case•Diverse (F20.5 p. 392)
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
20.2 How Are Fungi Classified?
• 20.2.4 The Club Fungi Produce Club-Shaped Reproductive Structures– Figure 20.6 (Hide/Reveal) The life cycle
of a typical basidiomycete (p. 392) – Figure 20.7 Diverse basidiomycetes
(p. 393) – Figure 20.8 A mushroom fairy ring (p.
394)
basidia on gills
MEIOSIS
cap
basidiospores(haploid)
(+) mating strain
(–) mating strain
(–)
(+)
haploid
diploid
Club Fungi basidiomycete Produce ClubShaped Reproductive Structures
life cycle of a typical Basidiomycete (F 20.6 p. 392)
Diverse basidiomycetes
(F20.7 p. 393)
A mushroom fairy ring
(F 20.8 p. 394)
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• Imperfect Fungi– Species in Which Sexual Structures Have
Not Been Observed
algal layer
fungal hyphae
attachmentstructure
Some Fungi Form Symbiotic Relationships
Lichens:Formed by Fungi That Live with Photosynthetic Algae or Bacteria
The lichen: A symbiotic Partnership (F20.9 p. 394)
Diverse lichens (F20.10 p. 395)
Mycorrhizae Are Fungi Associated with Plant Roots
Figure 20.11 Mycorrhizae enhance plant growth (p. 395)
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How Do Fungi Affect Humans?
• Fungi Attack Plants Important to People– A helpful fungal parasite
– (F20.13 p. 396)
– Corn smut– (F20.12 p. 396)
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How Do Fungi Affect Humans?
• Fungi Cause Human Diseases– The unusual yeast (F20.14 p. 397)
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.
How Do Fungi Affect Humans?
• Fungi Can Produce Toxins• Many Antibiotics Are Derived from
Fungi– Penicillium
– (F20.15 p. 397)
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How Do Fungi Affect Humans?
• Fungi Make Important Contributions to Gastronomy– Wine and Beer Are Made Using Yeasts– Yeasts Make Bread Rise
• Fungi Play a Crucial Ecological Role– The Rare, Delicious Truffle
• (F20.16 p. 399)
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How Do Fungi Affect Humans?– The Shotgun Approach to Spore Dispersal
•An explosive zygomycete (F20.17 p. 399)
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How Do Fungi Affect Humans?
– The Nematode Nemesis (F20.18 p. 399)
