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Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Unit 2 Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic Imaging
Transcript

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Unit 2

Surgical Suffixes, Hematology, and Diagnostic Imaging

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Surgical Terminology

• Surgery– Important medical treatment tool

– Procedures include:• Incision

• Excision

• Repair

• Replacement

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Surgical Terminology

• Surgery– Procedures include:

• Destruction

• Ablation

• Cauterization

• Introduction

• Dilation

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Surgical Suffixes

• Origin– Greek

– tomos = cut

– Examples:• -tome = instrument used to cut slices

• -tomy = cut into, incise, or incision

• -ectomy = cut out, remove, excise, or excision

• -ostomy = cut a new surgical opening

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

• Examples:– derma/tome = instrument to cut slices of skin

– gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach

– duoden/ectomy = removal of duodenum

– col/ostomy = creating opening in colon

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

• One word root with various procedures

• Examples:– gastr/ectomy = removal of all or part of stomach

– gastr/o/tomy = incision into stomach

– gastr/ostomy = surgical opening in stomach

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

• One word root with various procedures

• Examples:– col/ectomy = removal of all or part of colon

– col/o/tomy = incision into colon

– col/ostomy = surgical opening in colon

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

• Two word roots with various procedures

• Examples:– gastr/o/duoden/ectomy = removal of all or part of

stomach and duodenum

– gastr/o/duoden/o/tomy = incision into stomach and duodenum

– gastr/o/duoden/ostomy = surgical openings in stomach and duodenum

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Surgical Suffixes

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Diagnostic Imaging

• Method of creating visual representations of body structures or functions

• Imaging suffixes include:– -gram = picture or record

– -graph = instrument to record image of data

– -graphy = process of recording image of data

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words with Imaging Suffixes

• Examples:– electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical impulses given

off by heart

– electr/o/cardi/o/graph = instrument for recording electrical impulses given off by heart

– electr/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of recording electrical impulses given off by heart

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Tomography

• tom/o = combining form for cut

• -graphy = process of recording image of data

• tom/o/graphy = radiographic procedure using x-rays to produce images of slices or planes of the body

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Tomography Procedures

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

• Computed tomography (CT) scan– Also known as CAT scan

• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan

• Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

MRI

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

CAT Scan

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

PET Scan

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Imaging Combining Forms

• son/o = sound

• Examples:– son/o/gram = picture made with ultrasound waves

– son/o/graphy = process of making images with ultrasound waves

– son/o/grapher = person who performs ultrasonography

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Imaging Combining Forms

• ech/o = sound made by reflected sound waves

• Examples:– ech/o/cardi/o/gram = record of sound waves reflected

through heart

– ech/o/cardi/o/graphy = process of making echocardiogram

– ech/o/cardi/o/grapher = person who takes image

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Imaging Combining Forms

• radi/o = radiation or x-rays

• Examples:– radi/o/graph = picture made using x-rays

– radi/o/gram = picture made using x-rays

– radi/o/grapher = person who takes x-rays

– radi/o/logist = physician specialist who interprets x-rays

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Word Parts for Colors

leuk/o white

melan/o black (dark)

erythr/o red

cyan/o blue

chlor/o green

xanth/o yellow

jaundice = reflection of bright yellow in blood

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words With Color

• Examples:– leuk/o/derma = unusually white skin

• Also known as vitiligo

– melan/o/derma = abnormally dark pigmented skin

– erythr/o/derma = red skin

– cyan/o/derma = blue skin

– xanth/o/derma = yellow skin

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Structures of the Skin

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Animation

Click Here to Play Skin Animation

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Building Words With Color

• Examples:– melan/o/cyte = black cell

– melan/o/blast = black embryonic cell

– acr/o/cyan/osis = condition of blueness of extremities

– erythr/o/dermat/itis = reddened, inflamed skin condition

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Hematology

• hemat/o = blood

• Examples:– hemat/o/logy = study of blood

– hemat/o/logist = one who studies blood

– hemat/o/pathy = disease of blood

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Blood Conditions

• -emia = blood condition

• Examples:– an/emia = lack of blood

– xanth/emia = excess carotene in blood• Yellow

– erythr/emia = abnormally red blood

– chlor/emia = increased chlorine in blood• Green

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cells

• Smallest structural units of all living things

• cyt/o = combining form for cell

• -cyte = suffix for cell

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Cells

• Examples:– cyt/o/logy = study of cells

– cyt/o/logist = one who studies cells

– cyt/o/meter = instrument used to count cells

– cyt/o/metry = process of counting cells

– cyt/o/techn/o/logist = technician who prepares slides

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

• leuk/o/cyte = WBC

• Examples:– leuk/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of WBCs

– leuk/emia = condition of WBCs• Blood cancer

– leuk/o/cyt/osis = increase in WBCs

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Red Blood Cells (RBCs)

• erythr/o/cyte = RBC

• Examples:– erythr/o/cyt/o/penia = decrease in or lack of RBCs

– erythr/o/blast = immature RBC

– erythr/o/cyt/osis = high numbers of erythrocytes

– erythr/emia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Blood-Clotting Cells

• thromb/o/cyte = blood-clotting cell– Also known as platelet

• Examples:– thromb/o/cyt/osis = increase in number of thrombocytes

– thromb/o/cyt/o/penia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Lymphatic System

• Series of lymph vessels, nodes, and organs

• Purpose:– Circulate tissue fluids, absorb fats from intestine, and fight

infections

• lymph/o = combining form

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Lymphatic System

• Examples:– lymph/o/cyte = type of WBC produced by lymphatic

system

– lymph/edema = fluid accumulation and swelling caused by blockages in lymphatic vessels

– acute lymph/o/cy/tic leukemia = disease involving lymphocytes

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Animation

Click Here to Play Lymphatic System Animation

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Tissues

• hist/o = tissue

• Examples:– hist/o/blast = immature tissue

– hist/o/logy = study of tissues

– hist/o/logist = one who studies tissues

– hist/o/cyte = tissue cell

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Small Intestine

• Duodenum– First part of small intestine beyond stomach

• duoden/o = combining form

• Examples:– duoden/al = pertaining to duodenum

– duoden/itis = inflammation of duodenum

– duoden/ostomy = surgical opening in duodenum

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Heart

• cardi/o and card/o = combining forms

• Examples:– cardi/o/logist = physician specialist in diagnosing and

treating heart conditions

– card/itis = inflammation of heart

– electr/o/cardi/o/gram = record of electrical activity of heart

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Enlarged

• megal/o = combining form for enlarged

• -megaly = suffix for enlarged

• Examples:– cardi/o/megaly = enlarged heart sometimes caused by

reduced supply of oxygen

– megal/o/cardia = enlargement or overdevelopment of heart

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Enlarged

• Examples:– megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach

– gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach

– megal/o/mania = mental disorder characterized by delusions of grandeur

• mania = madness

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Disease

• -pathy = suffix meaning disease

• path/o = combining form for disease

• Examples:– path/o/logy = study of disease

– path/o/logist = one who studies disease

– eti/o/logy = study of origin of disease

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Pain

• -algia = suffix for pain

• Examples:– cardi/algia = heart pain

– gastr/algia = stomach pain

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Synonyms

• Some terms can be used with combining forms or suffixes to express same meaning

• megal/o = enlarged

• -megaly = enlarged

• Examples:– megal/o/gastria = enlarged stomach

– gastr/o/megaly = enlarged stomach

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Forming Medical Terms

1. Word root + suffix– Examples:

• dermat/itis

• cyan/osis

• duoden/al

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Forming Medical Terms

2. Any number of word roots + suffix– Examples:

• gastr/o/duoden/ostomy

• gastr/o/duoden/ectomy

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Forming Medical Terms

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Forming Medical Terms

3. Combining form + suffix– Examples:

• acr/o/cyan/osis

• leuk/o/cyte

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Forming Medical Terms

4. Any number of combining forms + word root + suffix– Examples:

• leuk/o/cyt/o/penia

• electr/o/cardi/o/graphy

Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Animation

Click Here to Play Combining Word Roots Animation


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