Copyright © 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2013 Educational...

Copyright © 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2013 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.

Audio Guidelines & APIP Spoken Tags:Lessons Learned from PARCC

Cara LaitusisEducational Testing Service

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• PARCC approach to –Audio Guidelines

• Lessons learned from–Developing alt text descriptions–Translating audio guideline to TTS

delivery system

Overview

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• Reviewed Smarter Balanced –Math Audio Guidelines– ELA Audio Guidelines

• Revisions made to balance:–mathematical precision– accessibility needs (e.g., working memory)– integration of existing policy and practice in

PARCC states

PARCC OWG and AAF

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x<y<z

Smarter Balanced“x is less than y, which is less than z.”

PARCC“x is less than y is less than z.”

Example of Revisions


Smarter BalanceOpen parenthesis three plus x, close

parenthesis, (pause) times (pause) open parenthesis y minus two, close parenthesis.

PARCCOpen parenthesis three plus x, close

parenthesis, (pause) open parenthesis y minus two, close parenthesis.

(3+x)(y-2)


• Quotation marks• Decimal place values • Decimal points• Parentheses vs. “the quantity of”

Other Discussions


• Fractions• Infinity• Interpreting graphs and charts in “alt

text”

And More Discussions


Alt Text

• Alternative text or “alt text” is a text based description of visual images.

• Critical element for 2 APIP spoken tags• Text with graphics• Non visual

• Requires knowledge of :• content• assessment, and • accessibility


• Coding of alt text was needed to allow test developers to define when image was construct relevant.– Particularly important in mathematics to

avoid interpreting graphs and charts.

Lesson #1


[1] not construct-relevant and can be eliminated (e.g., it is only there for engagement purposes).

[2] construct-relevant and can be represented using accompanying textual description.

[3] construct-relevant and can be represented using accompanying textual description together with a tactile representation or physical manipulative.

Addition of Alt Text Coding


[1] Engagement[2] Critical to completing item[3] Critical to completing item AND requires

tactile representation

In other words


EXAMPLE OF TYPE 2 ALT TEXT

ADAPTED FROM THE SMARTER BALANCED MATHEMATICS AUDIO GUIDELINES

The graph title is Roller Rink costs. Key, dashed line represents Roller Rink A, solid line represents Roller Rink B. The x-axis is labeled number of people. The y-axis is labeled cost in dollars. The dashed arrow starts at zero people, sixty dollars and points to a little less than sixteen people, midway between one hundred and one hundred ten dollars. The solid arrow starts at zero people, a little less than ten dollars and points to a little more than fourteen people, a little less than one hundred ten dollars. [2]


EXAMPLE OF CATEGORY 3 ALT TEXT

ADAPTED FROM THE SMARTER BALANCED MATHEMATICS AUDIO GUIDELINES

The graph title is Roller Rink costs. Key, dashed line represents Roller Rink A, solid line represents Roller Rink B. The x-axis is labeled number of people. The y-axis is labeled cost in dollars. [3]

Note: Type 3 alt texts may be less lengthy than type 2 alt texts.


• Identified which images could be excluded from non-visual spoken tags (code 1 engagement)

• Allowed test developers to identify which images will require tactile graphics

Added Benefits of Coding System

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• How to translate audio guidelines to spoken tags for text to speech engine?

• For example (pause)

Lesson #2


• Place holders ; , . • Speech Synthesis Markup Language (SSML) seems

ideal – Follows W3C Web Content Accessibility

Standards (WCAG) which is a PARCC delivery requirement

– http://www.w3.org/TR/speech-synthesis/

Solutions

Copyright © 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.Copyright © 2011 Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved.17


• Confirming SSML is APIP compliant– Would embedded SSML pass IMS APIP

conformance testing?

• Integration of IMS APIP item content standards with W3C WCAG standards for delivery system

Next Steps

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Date post:	28-Dec-2015
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