Date post: | 17-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | samson-jefferson |
View: | 217 times |
Download: | 2 times |
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Development Through the LifespanDevelopment Through the Lifespan
Chapter 3
Prenatal Development,Birth, and theNewborn Baby
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Chapter 3
Prenatal Development,Birth, and theNewborn Baby
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
Any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Conception and ImplantationConception and Implantation
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Periods of Prenatal DevelopmentPeriods of Prenatal Development
Period Length Key Events
Zygote 2 weeks•Fertilization•Implantation•Start of Placenta
Embryo
6 weeks
•Arms, legs, face, organs, muscles all develop•Heart begins beating
Fetus 30 weeks •“Growth and finishing”
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
The Placenta and Umbilical CordThe Placenta and Umbilical Cord
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Prenatal Development and Later HealthPrenatal Development and Later Health
Low Birth WeightGreater chance of Heart Disease Stroke Diabetes
High Birth Weight Greater chance of
breast cancer
Low Birth WeightGreater chance of Heart Disease Stroke Diabetes
High Birth Weight Greater chance of
breast cancer
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Sensitive Periods in Prenatal DevelopmentSensitive Periods in Prenatal Development
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Factors AffectingHarm from TeratogensFactors AffectingHarm from Teratogens
Dose Heredity Other negative
influences Age at time of
exposure
Dose Heredity Other negative
influences Age at time of
exposure
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Teratogen SubstancesTeratogen Substances
Drugs Prescription Nonprescription Illegal
Tobacco Alcohol Radiation Pollution
Drugs Prescription Nonprescription Illegal
Tobacco Alcohol Radiation Pollution
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Maternal Factors in Healthy Prenatal DevelopmentMaternal Factors in Healthy Prenatal Development
Infectious Diseases Nutrition Emotional Stress Rh Blood Factor Age Previous Births
Infectious Diseases Nutrition Emotional Stress Rh Blood Factor Age Previous Births
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Complications and Maternal AgeComplications and Maternal Age
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
The Three Stages of BirthThe Three Stages of Birth
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
The Apgar ScaleThe Apgar Scale
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Elements of Natural, or Prepared, ChildbirthElements of Natural, or Prepared, Childbirth
Classes Relaxation &
Breathing Techniques
Labor Coach Social support
Classes Relaxation &
Breathing Techniques
Labor Coach Social support
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Birth ComplicationsBirth Complications
Oxygen Deprivation (Anoxia)
Breech Position Rh Factor
Incompatibility
Oxygen Deprivation (Anoxia)
Breech Position Rh Factor
Incompatibility
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Medical Interventions in ChildbirthMedical Interventions in Childbirth
Fetal Monitoring Medication
Analgesics Anesthetics
Cesarean Delivery
Fetal Monitoring Medication
Analgesics Anesthetics
Cesarean Delivery
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Low Birth Weight and DisabilitiesLow Birth Weight and Disabilities
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Preterm and Small-for-Date BabiesPreterm and Small-for-Date Babies
Preterm Born weeks before
their due date May be appropriate
weight for length of pregnancy
Preterm Born weeks before
their due date May be appropriate
weight for length of pregnancy
Small-for-Date May be born at due
date or preterm Below expected
weight for length of pregnancy
Small-for-Date May be born at due
date or preterm Below expected
weight for length of pregnancy
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Interventions for Preterm InfantsInterventions for Preterm Infants Isolette
Respirator Feeding tube Intravenous
medication
Isolette Respirator Feeding tube Intravenous
medication
Special Infant Stimulation Kangaroo care
Parent Training in Caregiving
Special Infant Stimulation Kangaroo care
Parent Training in Caregiving
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Infant Mortality Around the WorldInfant Mortality Around the World
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Newborn ReflexesNewborn Reflexes
Eye Blink Rooting Sucking Moro
Eye Blink Rooting Sucking Moro
Palmar Grasp Tonic Neck Stepping Babinski
Palmar Grasp Tonic Neck Stepping Babinski
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Infant States of ArousalInfant States of Arousal
Regular Sleep Irregular Sleep Drowsiness Quiet Alertness Waking Activity
and Crying
Regular Sleep Irregular Sleep Drowsiness Quiet Alertness Waking Activity
and Crying
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Ways to Soothe a Crying BabyWays to Soothe a Crying Baby
Hold on shoulder and rock or walk Swaddle Offer a pacifier Go for a ride Massage Combine methods Let cry for short time
Hold on shoulder and rock or walk Swaddle Offer a pacifier Go for a ride Massage Combine methods Let cry for short time
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Newborn Sense of TouchNewborn Sense of Touch
Sensitive to touch on mouth, palms, soles, genitals
Highly sensitive to pain Relieve pain with anesthetics,
sugar solution, gentle holding Physical touch releases
endorphins
Sensitive to touch on mouth, palms, soles, genitals
Highly sensitive to pain Relieve pain with anesthetics,
sugar solution, gentle holding Physical touch releases
endorphins
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Newborn Senses of Taste and SmellNewborn Senses of Taste and Smell
Prefer sweet tastes at birth Quickly learn to like new tastes Have odor preferences from
birth Can locate odors and identify
mother by smell from birth
Prefer sweet tastes at birth Quickly learn to like new tastes Have odor preferences from
birth Can locate odors and identify
mother by smell from birth
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Newborn Sense of HearingNewborn Sense of Hearing
Can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth
Prefer complex sounds to pure tones
Learn sound patterns within days
Sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language
Can hear a wide variety of sounds at birth
Prefer complex sounds to pure tones
Learn sound patterns within days
Sensitive to voices and biologically prepared to learn language
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Newborn Sense of VisionNewborn Sense of Vision
Least developed sense at birth Visual structures in eyes and
brain not fully formed Limited acuity Scan environment, track moving
objects Color vision improves in first two
months
Least developed sense at birth Visual structures in eyes and
brain not fully formed Limited acuity Scan environment, track moving
objects Color vision improves in first two
months
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
Evaluates newborn: Reflexes State changes
Uses include: Discovering individual & cultural differences Helping parents get to know their babiesNot a good predictor of
later development
Evaluates newborn: Reflexes State changes
Uses include: Discovering individual & cultural differences Helping parents get to know their babiesNot a good predictor of
later development
Responsiveness to physical and social stimuli
Other reactions
Responsiveness to physical and social stimuli
Other reactions
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
New Family AdjustmentNew Family Adjustment
Hormones facilitate caregiving
Oxytocin Prolactin Estrogens
Hormone release and effects may depend on experience
Challenge of early weeks New Roles Changed schedule
Hormones facilitate caregiving
Oxytocin Prolactin Estrogens
Hormone release and effects may depend on experience
Challenge of early weeks New Roles Changed schedule