Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. When are sister chromatids formed?...

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

When are sister chromatids formed? When are they separated? When are homologous pairs separated?

Question of the DayQuestion of the Day3-73-7


1. What is cancer? 2. What causes cancer?



How Cancer Grows

Quiz make ups

Read Section 8.3 in the Owl Book and answer #s 1-6 on page 156

TodayToday3-73-7


What is a haploid cell (there are multiple correct answers)?



Control of Cell DivisionControl of Cell Division

Cell division in eukaryotes is Cell division in eukaryotes is controlled by many controlled by many proteinsproteins. .

Contact InhibitionContact Inhibition = = when normal when normal cells come in contact with one cells come in contact with one another, growth stopsanother, growth stops


Cancer may result if Cancer may result if cells do not cells do not respond to control mechanismsrespond to control mechanisms..

Contact InhibitionContact Inhibition - - – When normal cells come in contact When normal cells come in contact

with one another, growth stopswith one another, growth stops– Cancer cells do not stop dividing Cancer cells do not stop dividing

when they come in contact.when they come in contact.

CancerCancer


CancerCancer

= uncontrolled cell = uncontrolled cell growthgrowth

causes = mutated DNA causes = mutated DNA (genetic or (genetic or environmental)environmental)


What is contact inhibition (notes yesterday)?



PEROIDS 1 & 2: Monday March 14, Tuesday March 15, and

Wednesday March 16 class is in mod # 1.

Bring study hall type work / reading for second half of class.

3-10IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT


MeiosisMeiosis


Mitosis ReviewMitosis Review Genetically – how similar are the daughter Genetically – how similar are the daughter

cells in mitosis?cells in mitosis?– They are identicalThey are identical

When is the DNA copied for the new cell?When is the DNA copied for the new cell?– S phase of interphaseS phase of interphase

What are two things make up What are two things make up chromosomes?chromosomes?– DNA and histones (protein)DNA and histones (protein)

What is the middle part of the chromosome?What is the middle part of the chromosome?– CentromereCentromere

What gets separated during mitosis? What gets separated during mitosis? – Sister chromatids NOT homologous pairsSister chromatids NOT homologous pairs


Meiosis ObjectivesMeiosis Objectives Compare the end products of Compare the end products of

meiosis with those of mitosis.meiosis with those of mitosis. Summarize the events of Summarize the events of

meiosis I.meiosis I. Explain crossing-over and how Explain crossing-over and how

it contributes to the production it contributes to the production of unique individuals.of unique individuals.

Summarize the events of Summarize the events of meiosis II.meiosis II.

Compare spermatogenesis and Compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis.oogenesis.

Define sexual reproduction.Define sexual reproduction.


What does DIPLOID mean?What does DIPLOID mean?– Cells having Cells having 2 homologous copies2 homologous copies of each of each

chromosome (2n - homologous pairs)chromosome (2n - homologous pairs) What does HAPLOID mean?What does HAPLOID mean?

– Number of chromosomes in a gamete (1n) Number of chromosomes in a gamete (1n) or half the total number of chromosomesor half the total number of chromosomes

What is are sister chromatids?What is are sister chromatids?– Identical copiesIdentical copies

of the same of the same chromosome chromosome

Important vocab. Important vocab. reviewreview


What is are sister chromatids?What is are sister chromatids?– Identical copiesIdentical copies of the same of the same

chromosomechromosome When does the cellWhen does the cell

produce the copy ofproduce the copy ofthe chromatid?the chromatid?– S phase of S phase of

interphase interphase



What are homologous chromosomes?What are homologous chromosomes?– Chromosomes that carry Chromosomes that carry genes for same genes for same

traitstraits (though variation of the trait may (though variation of the trait may differ)differ)

– Allele – Allele – variation variation of a trait of a trait Trait = flower Trait = flower color color

Alleles = genes Alleles = genes for either white for either white or purple or purple flowers flowers



Formation of Haploid Formation of Haploid Cells Cells

Meiosis – a Meiosis – a process of division process of division that reduces the number of that reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells to half chromosomes in new cells to half the number in the original cell.the number in the original cell. 2n cells 2n cells 1n cells 1n cellsOccurs in our sex cells (Occurs in our sex cells (makes makes sperm and eggssperm and eggs))


Formation of Haploid Formation of Haploid Cells Cells

FourFour new haploid cells result new haploid cells result ((gametesgametes))

Meiosis is broken down into Meiosis is broken down into Meiosis I and Meiosis II.Meiosis I and Meiosis II.


Poster Contest

Poster Contest

3-83-8Topics:

The S-phase of Interphase Prophase

Metaphase Anaphase

Telophase Cytokinesis

The chromosome

MAKE SURE YOU GET A CHECKLIST FOR YOUR TOPIC!!!

Creativity

Slogan / Title

Aesthetically pleasing

Accurately descriptive and understandable



During meiosis…During meiosis… Synapsis –Synapsis –

– Pairing of homologous chromosomes Pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I during prophase I

– This did not occur in mitosisThis did not occur in mitosis Tetrad – Tetrad –

– Two pairs of homologous chromosomesTwo pairs of homologous chromosomes


Formation of Haploid Formation of Haploid CellsCells

Crossing-over –Crossing-over – when portions of homologous chromosomes when portions of homologous chromosomes

exchange genetic materialexchange genetic material Occurs during prophase I and Occurs during prophase I and

results in results in genetic recombinationgenetic recombination..

Genetic recombination – Genetic recombination – Regrouping of genes in an offspring that Regrouping of genes in an offspring that

results in a genetic makeup that is different results in a genetic makeup that is different from the parentsfrom the parents


Crossing OverCrossing Over


3-11 ATB3-11 ATB

What is contact inhibition? What What is contact inhibition? What can happen when it fails?can happen when it fails?

Objectives:Objectives:– Describe ways in which cancer can Describe ways in which cancer can

formform– Describe how cancer moves around Describe how cancer moves around

the bodythe body– Laptops – use to answer the worksheet Laptops – use to answer the worksheet

questions dealing with cancer.questions dealing with cancer.



ATBATB 2-222-22 Do we have an even # of Do we have an even # of

chromosomes or and odd #. Explain chromosomes or and odd #. Explain your reasoning.your reasoning.

Today:Today:– Use laptops or books to answer the Use laptops or books to answer the

questions on your worksheetquestions on your worksheet– Make sure you answer them accurately – Make sure you answer them accurately –

they will be graded and are your notesthey will be graded and are your notes Objectives:Objectives:

– DescribeDescribe the structure of a chromosome. the structure of a chromosome.– IdentifyIdentify the differences in structure the differences in structure

between prokaryotic chromosomes and between prokaryotic chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes.eukaryotic chromosomes.

– CompareCompare the numbers of chromosomes in the numbers of chromosomes in different species.different species.


2-232-23 ATBATB

What is the function of histones?What is the function of histones? Take out research sheet from yesterdayTake out research sheet from yesterday Today:Today:

– Complete the first page of the worksheet packetComplete the first page of the worksheet packet– Go over the paper from yesterdayGo over the paper from yesterday

Objectives:Objectives:– DescribeDescribe the structure of a chromosome the structure of a chromosome– IdentifyIdentify the differences in structure between the differences in structure between

prokaryotic chromosomes and eukaryotic prokaryotic chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes.chromosomes.

– CompareCompare the numbers of chromosomes in the numbers of chromosomes in different species.different species.

– ExplainExplain the differences between sex the differences between sex chromosomes and autosomes.chromosomes and autosomes.

– DistinguishDistinguish between diploid and haploid cells. between diploid and haploid cells.


3-1 ATB3-1 ATB

Describe the genetic material of a Describe the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell.prokaryotic cell.

WS Packet pages 3 & 4WS Packet pages 3 & 4 Today:Today:

– Compare chromosome numbersCompare chromosome numbers– Compare / contrast autosomes and Compare / contrast autosomes and

sex chromosomessex chromosomes– Describe a karyotypeDescribe a karyotype


3-3 ATB3-3 ATB

What are three factors you can use to What are three factors you can use to line up homologous chromosomesline up homologous chromosomes

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:– Quiz FridayQuiz Friday– Karyotyping activity due FridayKaryotyping activity due Friday

Omit #3 and & #4 on page 30 and #1 and #2 Omit #3 and & #4 on page 30 and #1 and #2 under the “Extensions” on page 30under the “Extensions” on page 30

– Complete your karyotypes (you have 15 Complete your karyotypes (you have 15 minutes)minutes)

– Describe diploid and haploid cellsDescribe diploid and haploid cells


Section 2 Cell DivisionChapter 8

ObjectivesObjectives DescribeDescribe the events of cell division in the events of cell division in

prokaryotes.prokaryotes. NameName the two parts of the cell that the two parts of the cell that

are equally divided during cell division are equally divided during cell division in eukaryotes.in eukaryotes.

SummarizeSummarize the events of interphase. the events of interphase. DescribeDescribe the stages of mitosis. the stages of mitosis. CompareCompare cytokinesis in animal cells cytokinesis in animal cells

with cytokinesis in plant cells.with cytokinesis in plant cells. ExplainExplain how cell division is controlled. how cell division is controlled.


3-4 ATB3-4 ATB

What is the process by which What is the process by which prokaryotic cells replicate?prokaryotic cells replicate?

Objectives:Objectives:– New Grades are upNew Grades are up– Quiz / Karyotying Activity Quiz / Karyotying Activity Tomorrow Tomorrow– Describe the different steps of mitosisDescribe the different steps of mitosis– Describe cell divisionDescribe cell division


3-5 ATB3-5 ATB

What do cells have to do with What do cells have to do with their DNA before they replicate?their DNA before they replicate?

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:– Karyotype activity dueKaryotype activity due– QUIZ!QUIZ!– Take science surveyTake science survey– Discuss steps of cell divisionDiscuss steps of cell division


3-8 ATB3-8 ATB

What is cell division?What is cell division? Objectives:Objectives:

– Describe mitosis and it’s partsDescribe mitosis and it’s parts– Continue with online worksheet.Continue with online worksheet.– Go over the quizGo over the quiz


3-9 ATB3-9 ATB

What occurs in interphase?What occurs in interphase? Objectives:Objectives:

– Worksheet Packet – do page 5Worksheet Packet – do page 5– Discuss the parts of cell cycleDiscuss the parts of cell cycle– Go over the quizGo over the quiz– Test on Thursday?Test on Thursday?


________________

________________

Phase of mitosis = _________________

Phase of mitosis = _______________



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