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May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 1
HYDROGEN REFUELING COST REDUCTION TO ENABLE COMMERCIALISATION
National Hydrogen Association
2010 Conference
Shell Alternative Shell Alternative EnergiesEnergies
Use this area for cover image(height 6.5cm, width 8cm)
Nikunj Gupta, Jurgen Louis & Brad Smith
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 2Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
H2 AS A FUTURE MOBILITY SOLUTION PROVIDES…..
Diverse Feedstock Base Energy Security & Sustainability Demonstrated
High Well-to-Wheel Efficiencies Energy Use Reduction Demonstrated
Lower Carbon Footprint Lower Environmental Stress Demonstrated
Full Range State-of-the-art Vehicle Convenience Demonstrated
Low Fuel & Vehicle Cost Affordability Remains to be demonstrated
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 3Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
FUEL CELL VEHICLE AFFORDABILITY ROADMAP Multiple OEMs have Demonstrated Similar Progress
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 4Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
FCV ROADMAP: Clear Line of Sight to Affordability
Source: Dr. Massino Venturi - NIP Vollversammlung 26 March 2010 (edited)
Pow
er tr
ain
cost
per v
ehic
le
TechnologyGeneration I
A-Class F-Cell
TechnologyGeneration IIB-Class F-Cell
Cost potential
Hybrid Conventional
Cost reductionvia technology advance Cost reduction
establishment of competitive supplier industry
Cost reductionvia scaling effects
Pow
er tr
ain
cost
per v
ehic
le
TechnologyGeneration I
A-Class F-Cell
TechnologyGeneration IIB-Class F-Cell
Cost potential
Hybrid Conventional
Cost reductionvia technology advance Cost reduction
establishment of competitive supplier industry
Cost reductionvia scaling effects
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 5Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable CommercialisationDate 19/04/23 5
What’s the Status of Affordability of Hydrogen Fuel ?
What’s the Roadmap?
What About Low CO2 Options?
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 6Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
HYDROGEN FUEL VALUE CHAIN: Status & Imperative
At present H2 Distribution & Refueling take a large share of the costs BUT in future expected to be more like gasoline
Excluding taxes
Production
Distribution
Refueling
Gasoline cost contributions
Hydrogen cost
contributions
Hydrogen cost
contributions
Now
Future
Production
Distribution
Refueling
Excluding taxes
Production
Distribution
Refueling
Gasoline cost contributions
Hydrogen cost
contributions
Hydrogen cost
contributions
Now
Future
Production
Distribution
Refueling
Hydrogen cost
contributions
Now
Future
Production
Distribution
Refueling
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 7Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
(Reference)
LOW CO2 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION: Multiple Viable Options
Clean Carbon Capture
Ref.: Shell WHTC 2009 Paper
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 8Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION: Options & Status
Gaseous trucking is expensive due to low capacity, shall be substituted in future due to scale limitations
Liquid (Liquefaction + trucking) is capital intensive but optimisation opportunities are available
Pipelines also capital intensive and only an option for a more mature market
Hydrogen cost contributions
Now
Future
Production
Distribution
Refueling
Significant cost reductions necessary and possible in Hydrogen Distribution – recommend continuous efforts
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 9Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
REFUELING COSTS: Significant Opportunities for Reduction in Equipment Costs
Refueling cost contributions CAPEX
Refueling equipment & system integration
Equipment Installation
Site engineering, design and preparation
Other costs
Cost reduction is imperative
O&M Land Lease
Fixed Costs
Variable Costs
Expected to be similar to gasoline
Refueling CAPEX break-out
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 10
Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Gen I Gen II Gen III Gen III*
Sta
tion
Cap
ex, $
m
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Cap
ital C
ontr
ibut
ion,
$/k
g
REFUELING COST REDUCTION ROADMAP: Hydrogen Refueling is Expected to be More Expensive than Gasoline (Unlike FCVs)
Gen I: prototype stations (50-100 kg/day) – cost are scaled-up to1000 kg/dayGen II: first small series stations of the same designGen III: commercial stations of the same design
Based on 1000 kg/day (volume) pipeline supplied station
Supplier cost reductionScaling effects~50% reduction
Supplier cost reductionScaling effectsTechnology advance
~50% reductionIncluding simplification
~60/70% reduction
Up to 20101 station
20125 stations
2020100-500 stations
?
Gasoline ($/kgeq)
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 11
Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
Options: Higher Pressure Pipeline/Lower Pressure Storage (Ppipe >
Ptank) - Eliminate compression & storage at station Liquefaction Technology – Efficient ways to simplify &
reduce costs Liquid Thermal Compression – high throughput, thermal
compression of liquid utilizing the energy stored in the liquid
TECHNOLOGY ADVANCEMENT: Opportunities for Cost Reduction
(patent pending)
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 12
Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
Options: Vent setback requirements (C&S) – significant reduction in
station footprints & site development costs Simpler refueling protocols – reduction in control hardware
& dispenser costs (Ref: Honda presentation @ NHA 2010) 700 Bar v/s 350 Bar - 30% reduction in potential costs
STATION SIMPLIFICATION: Opportunities for Cost Reduction
10
0 k
g/d
ay
10
0 k
g/d
ay
stati
on
stati
on
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 13
Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
Recommendations Cooperation on technology advancements/next-gen stations Cooperation on station simplification Standardization & competition on station development
SUMMARY & RECOMMENDATIONS
Cost reduction of hydrogen supply is essential for success of hydrogen mobility, much like FCV costs
Hydrogen refueling & distribution costs represent the biggest gap and present ample opportunities for cost reduction
The main avenues for refueling cost reduction are Technology advancements Station Simplification Increased competition in the supply chain Standardisation of station designs “Mass production” of station components
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 14
Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
Contact Info
Nikunj GuptaTechnology Advisor – [email protected]
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 16
Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Gen I Gen II Gen III Gen III*
Sta
tion C
apex, $m
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
Capita
l Contr
ibutio
n, $/k
g
APPENDIX A: Refueling Cost Roadmap (LH2 Based Station)
Gen I: prototype stations (50-100 kg/day) – cost are scaled-up to1000 kg/dayGen II: first small series stations of the same designGen III: commercial stations of the same design
Based on 1000 kg/day (volume) LH2 supplied station
Supplier cost reductionScaling effects~50% reduction
Supplier cost reductionScaling effectsTechnology advance
~50% reductionIncluding simplification
~60% reduction
Up to 20101 station
20125 stations
2020100-500 stations
?
Gasoline ($/kgeq)
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 17
Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
APPENDIX B: Cost Reduction Pathway
Cost reduction - Generation I to II
Change of focus from technology demonstration to low cost stations
Design cost spread over more stations
Increased competition station suppliers
Expected cost reduction - Generation II to III
Reduced hydrogen equipment cost due to larger production numbers
Increased competition between component suppliers
Technology improvement
Potential station simplification leading to Generation III*
Reduced refueling pressure
Simplified refueling protocols
Improved hydrogen station safety standards
May 5, 2010Copyright of Shell Alternative Energies 18
Hydrogen Refueling Cost Reduction to enable Commercialisation
APPENDIX C: CAPEX Estimate Basis
