Copyright restrictions may apply JAMA Ophthalmology Journal Club Slides: Amblyopia and Visual-Auditory Speech Perception Burgmeier R, Desai RU, Farner KC, et al. The effect of amblyopia on visual-auditory speech perception: why mothers may say “look at me when I’m talking to you.” JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online September 11, 2014. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3307.
Transcript
Slide 1
Copyright restrictions may apply JAMA Ophthalmology Journal
Club Slides: Amblyopia and Visual-Auditory Speech Perception
Burgmeier R, Desai RU, Farner KC, et al. The effect of amblyopia on
visual- auditory speech perception: why mothers may say look at me
when Im talking to you. JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online September
11, 2014. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3307.
Slide 2
Copyright restrictions may apply Introduction Speech perception
is a multimodal phenomenon, integrating auditory input with the
visual input of the speakers oral and extraoral facial movement.
One of the most striking demonstrations of how vision influences
the perception of sound is the McGurk effect, demonstrated on the
next slide. When viewing the video, keep your eyes open looking at
the screen and have the speaker volume raised. Which sounds do you
hear?
Slide 3
Copyright restrictions may apply Introduction McGurk Effect
Video
Slide 4
Copyright restrictions may apply Introduction The McGurk
Effect
Slide 5
Copyright restrictions may apply Objective To determine whether
a history of amblyopia is associated with abnormal visual-auditory
speech integration. Amblyopic children were hypothesized to less
frequently perceive /ta/.
Slide 6
Copyright restrictions may apply Study Design: Retrospective
observational study at an academic pediatric ophthalmologic clinic
with an average of 4 years of follow-up. Participants: Participants
were at least 3 years of age. Amblyopic participants (n = 24) had
best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in their nonamblyopic eye.
Controls (n = 9) had visual acuity of 20/20 OU. Exclusion criteria
were any history of developmental delay, neurologic disorders (eg,
seizure, brain injury, cerebrovascular accident, congenital
malformation, neoplasm, or autism spectrum disorder), or hearing
disorders. Exposures: Participants were presented with the McGurk
effect video and asked to report which sound was perceived: /ka/,
/pa/, or /ta/. All participants viewed the stimuli binocularly;
those who wore corrective spectacles were tested while wearing
them. A subset of the participants with amblyopia were additionally
tested monocularly. Methods
Slide 7
Copyright restrictions may apply Participants were also
presented with audio-only /pa/ and /ka/ stimuli (ie, with a blank
screen). Those who did not correctly perceive these stimuli in 66%
of trials were excluded from analysis. Participants were also
excluded if they incorrectly perceived a visual-only /pa/ stimulus
(ie, with no audio) or the normal bimodal audio-visual /pa/ and
audio- visual /ka/ stimuli. Participants who perceived the McGurk
effect (ie, visual /ka/ with audio /pa/) in 80% of trials were
considered to have normal visual-auditory fusion, whereas those who
perceived the effect in