Date post: | 26-Jan-2017 |
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Marine Biology
Coral Reefs: Biodiversity and Beauty at RiskDr. Mark McGinleyProfessor, Head of Science UnitCore Curriculum and General Education OfficeLingnan [email protected]
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Planet Earth
Planet Earth??
Whats down there?
Coral Reefs
Footage by Josh Jensen, Undersea Productions
10What is a Coral?
13Coral Polyps
Coral Asexual Reproduction
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16Coral Skeleton
Branching Corals
Brain and Boulder Corals
Plate and Table Corals
Terrestrial Environment is Dominated by Plants
But These Are All Animals.Where Are All of the Plants???
24Types of Coral Reefs- Atolls
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Types of Coral Reefs- Barrier Reef
Coral Reefs
Thickest reef about 1.5 km thick!
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Coral Wall
Big Things Built By Humans
Largest Biogenic StructureGreat Barrier Reef
Coral Reef Distribution
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Lionfish
Lionfish- Caribbean Sea
Parrotfishes
Parrotfish Sleeping
Parrotfish beak
Parrotfish eliminating wastes
Biogenic Sand
Stoplight Parrotfish
Great Barracuda
Barracuda with cleaners
Cleaner Shrimp
Cleaning Stations
Cleaner Wrasse
Relationship Between Cleaner and ClientOriginally, thought to be a mutualistic relationshipBoth partners benefitCleaner gets foodClient is cleaned of parasitesAfter further study, scientists realize that this system is much more complicatedSometimes the cleaner eats the parasites and other times it bites the client fish and removes scales, skin, etc.!!Cheaters!
What Would You Do?
What Should a Client Fish do if a Cleaner Fish Takes a Bite Out of Them??
Client Fish can be Smart!!
They remember when a cleaner fish bites them rather than cleaning them and respond byNot returning to that cleaning stationNot allowing that individual fish clean them any moreTry to punish cheaters
Clients Can Learn!!
Cleaner Fish Can Be Pretty Smart TooWhether a cleaner will cheat or not depends on who is watchingLess likely to cheat if other potential client fish are watchingMore likely to cheat if there are no potential client fish around.
Benefits of Coral ReefsCoral reefs provide 233 billion HKD to 1,300 Billion HKD of goods and services each yearWWF & SI
Benefits of Coral ReefsFisheries
About one billion people depend, at least partially, on coral reefs for food and income from fishing. Reefs can yield around 15 tonnes of fish and other seafood per square kilometre each year.WWF
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Benefits of Coral Reefs Shoreline Protection
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Benefits of Coral ReefsTourism
Florida Keys 23 billion HKD annually Australias Great Barrier Reef generates well over 7 billion HKD per year.WWF
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Benefits of Coral ReefsMedicinesTreatments for cardiovascular diseases, ulcers, leukemia, lymphoma, and skin cancer, based on from chemicals in reef plants and animals. More than half of all new cancer drug research focuses on marine organisms.bioprospecting Corals unique skeletal structure has been used to make bone-grafting materials.Coral Reef Alliance
Benefits of Coral ReefsIntrinsic Value
Although coral reefs cover