Core Structure

8/12/2019 Core Structure

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CORE STRUCTURE

for training curricula on Integrated Vector Management

World Health OrganizationDesign & Layout: Patrick Tissot WHO/HTM/NTD


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CORE STRUCTURE

FOR TRAiNiNG CURRiCULA ON iNTEGRATED VECTOR

MANAGEMENT

^ World Health wOrganization

I


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WHO Lirary Cata!oguing"in"Pu!ication DataCore structure #or training curricu!a on integrate$ %ector anageent'!'Mos(uito contro! " e$ucation' )'Disease %ectors " *re%ention an$ contro!' +'Pestcontro!' ,'Curricu!u' -'Wor!$ Hea!t. Organiation'

-S0N 123 1) , 456)23 3 7NLM c!assi#ication: 89 56;

WHO/HTM/NTD/%enue >**ia@ 4)44 Aene%a )2@ S?iter!an$ 7te!': B,4 )) 214+), #a: B,4 )) 214 ,352 e"ai!: ookor$ers?.o'int;'Re(uests #or *erission to re*ro$uce or trans!ate WHO *u!ications " ?.et.er #orsa!e or #or noncoercia! $istriution " s.ou!$ e a$$resse$ to WHO Press t.roug.t.e WHO ?e site 7.tt*://???'?.o'int/ aout/!icensing/co*yrig.tF#or/en/in$e'.t!;'T.e $esignations e*!oye$ an$ t.e *resentation o# t.e ateria! in t.is *u!ication$o not i*!y t.e e*ression o# any o*inion ?.atsoe%er on t.e *art o# t.e Wor!$Hea!t. Organiation concerning t.e !ega! status o# any country@ territory@ city orarea or o# its aut.orities@ or concerning t.e $e!iitation o# its #rontiers oroun$aries' Dotte$ !ines on a*s re*resent a**roiate or$er !ines #or ?.ic.t.ere ay not yet e #u!! agreeent'T.e ention o# s*eci#ic co*anies or o# certain anu#acturersG *ro$ucts $oes noti*!y t.at t.ey are en$orse$ or recoen$e$ y t.e Wor!$ Hea!t. Organiation in*re#erence to ot.ers o# a sii!ar nature t.at are not entione$' Errors an$ oissions

ece*te$@ t.e naes o# *ro*rietary *ro$ucts are $istinguis.e$ y initia! ca*ita!!etters'>!! reasona!e *recautions .a%e een taken y t.e Wor!$ Hea!t. Organiation to%eri#y t.e in#oration containe$ in t.is *u!ication' Ho?e%er@ t.e *u!is.e$ateria! is eing $istriute$ ?it.out ?arranty o# any kin$@ eit.er e*resse$ ori*!ie$' T.e res*onsii!ity #or t.e inter*retation an$ use o# t.e ateria! !ies ?it.t.e rea$er' -n no e%ent s.a!! t.e Wor!$ Hea!t. Organiation e !ia!e #or $aagesarising #ro its use'Printe$ in rance
http://www.who.int/mailto:[email protected]://www.who.int/mailto:[email protected]://www.who.int/http://www.who.int/


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CONTENTS

!REFACE

T.e *ur*ose o# t.is $ocuent is to *ro%i$e gui$ance #or WHO regions *re*aringt.eir o?n training curricu!u #or integrate$ %ector anageent 7-


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INTRODUCTION

*ro!e"so!%ing a**roac. is use$ in t.e o$u!es@ in ?.ic. course *artici*ants areencourage$ to ?ork in sa!! grou*s 7#our to si *eo*!e; on *ractica! eercises tostiu!ate acti%e !earning in re!ation to a #ie!$ situation' -n eac. o$u!e@ et.o$s o#ana!ysis an$ $ecision"aking are use$ ?it. oser%ations@ a%ai!a!e $ata an$ case stu$ies'ora! *resentations are ke*t to a iniu@ e'g' to intro$uce a suIect or to *ro%i$ein#oration t.at co*!eents t.e outcoes o# t.e ?orking grou*s'

T.e core structure ?i!! ser%e as a asis #or a u!ti"tier curricu!u aie$ at %arious targetgrou*s@ to e $eterine$ !ater' Learner an$ tutor anua!s s.ou!$ e *re*are$ y eac.country' T.ree roa$ target grou*s@ corres*on$ing to t.ree training !e%e!s@ .a%e*ro%isiona!!y een i$enti#ie$: nons*ecia!ists 7asic !e%e!;@ *u!ic .ea!t. *ro#essiona!s7intere$iate !e%e!; an$ aca$eics an$ stu$ents 7a$%ance$ !e%e!;' T.e core curricu!u?as *re*are$ #or t.e intere$iate !e%e! t.e re(uireents #or t.e asic an$ a$%ance$!e%e!s are out!ine$ in eac. !earning unit'

T.e co*!ete curricu!u is inten$e$ #or training courses o# no !onger t.an ) ?eeks'Longer courses@ ?.ic. .a%e een con$ucte$ in se%era! regions@ .a%e !iitations@ ecause@in genera!@ it is $i##icu!t #or sta## in t.e *u!ic an$ *ri%ate sectors an$ #or re*resentati%eso# ci%i! society to take tie #or !ong training' S.orter training o# ore *eo*!e s.ou!$ et.e ai@ es*ecia!!y in $ecentra!ie$ areas' T.e ai o# t.e -


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train *eo*!e #ro %arious ackgroun$s at %arious !e%e!s o# a$inistration'Courses #or nons*ecia!ists cou!$ !ast #or 4") ?eeks@ ?it. o$u!es se!ecte$in accor$ance ?it. t.e *artici*antsG ackgroun$ an$ ro!es' Courses #oraca$eic stu$ents cou!$ e con$ucte$ o%er one seester@ so t.at ore tiecan e s*ent on e$ica! entoo!ogy an$ %ector contro! et.o$s'

T.e re!ati%e ?eig.t gi%en to eac. o$u!e is s.o?n in Table 1'

> asic intro$uction on %ectors o# .uan $isease 7o$u!e 4; is re(uire$ #ora!! target grou*s@ ut t.is s.ou!$ e rie# an$ ase$ on si*!e@ *ractica!et.o$s@ co%ering %ector i$enti#ication@ !i#e"cyc!es@ eco!ogy an$ $isease

transission' T.is ackgroun$ kno?!e$ge ?i!! .e!* nons*ecia!ists to*artici*ate in -


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Ta!e )' -nten$e$ uses o# t.e o$u!es an$ units #or eac. target grou*Target group #o u e an ur

1 2 3 ' * aNons*ecia!ists@counities

'4"4',

)',")'2

" " " ') ,"3

ons ec a sts@% a es s r c s

' "'

' "' '

"'

" 5')"5'+ '4"'+ "3

Pu!ic .ea!t.*ro#essiona!s

'4"4',

)'4")'2

+'

" '

,'4",'+

5'4"5'+ '4"'+ 3"46

>ca$eics an$stu$ents 4

'4"4',

)'4")'2

+'

" '

,'4",'+

5'4"5'+'4"'+ 45

Ta!e + Core #unctions an$ co*etences re(uire$ #or integrate$ %ectoranageentCore "unction ie o

co# e enceo

u eas c un ers an ng o %ec or Tec.nica! kno?!e$ge 4* e o ogy an %ec or assessen @ Tec.nica! kno?!e$ge )

Loca! *!anning an$ i*!eentation na s s an"

)-*!eenting .ea!t. inter%entions O*erationa! ski!!s )Loca! %ector sur%ei!!ance Tec.nica! kno?!e$ge )Organiation an$ anageent Manageent +

s a s en o n ersec ora ccess@ +Setting strategic $irection P!anning ,

% s n on o c an ns u ona Po!icy ana!ysis ,>$%ocacy ccess@ 5E$ucation an$ a?areness"raising Counication 5Monitoring an$ e%a!uation Tec.nica! kno?!e$ge ther re-uire#ents, not co$ered in the #odules

urr cu u re arat on an tra n n Trainingu*er% s on o ecen ra e u*er% s on anu*er% s on o ecen ra e u*er% s on anu*er% s on o ecen ra e u*er% s on an

Coor$ination o# eergency res*onse ec n ca no? e e@


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MODULE "# $ASIC INTRODUCTION TO VECTORS OF %UMAN DISEASE

$AC&GROUND

0asic kno?!e$ge o# !oca!!y *re%a!ent %ectors o# .uan $isease is a *rere(uisite #or*eo*!eGs in%o!%eent in %ector contro!@ *ersona! *rotection an$ %ector sur%ei!!ance' T.e#our units in t.is o$u!e are *resente$ as ea*!es #or i*ro%ing kno?!e$ge in #ourareas i*ortant #or *eo*!e in%o!%e$ in -


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os(uitoes; as !i%e ateria! #or oser%ation o# or*.o!ogica! an$ e.a%ioura!c.aracteristics'

T.e trainer s.ou!$ *ro%i$e e*ert kno?!e$ge to su**ort t.e oser%ations an$ *re*arere#erence ateria!s@ ?it. $ra?ings o# t.e t.ree os(uito genera c!ear!y s.o?ing%isi!e $i##erences 7a$u!ts an$ !ar%ae;'

Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment

4' Di%i$e *artici*ants into sa!! grou*s an$ $istriute t.e ateria! co!!ecte$ in t.e #ie!$')' >sk t.e *artici*ants to oser%e t.e !ar%ae or a(uatic stage o# eac. organis 7#or

ea*!e@ !ar%ae o# Cu!e@ >e$es an$ >no*.e!es; an$ i$enti#y t.eir or*.o!ogica!an$ e.a%ioura! c.aracteristics 7e'g' $i##erences in o%eents or resting *osition;'>sk t.e *artici*ants to ake $ra?ings'

+' Do t.e sae #or t.e a$u!t stage o# eac. organis' -# *ossi!e@ $i##erentiate et?eena!es an$ #ea!es'

,' To?ar$s t.e en$ o# t.e eercise@ s.o? re#erence ateria!s'

!oint* for di*cu**ion

Ho? can t.e !ar%ae o# $i##erent %ectors 7an$ non"%ectors; e $istinguis.e$ Ho? cant.e a$u!ts o# $i##erent %ectors 7an$ non"%ectors; e $istinguis.e$

W.ic. c.aracteristics can e use$ ost easi!y on t.e #ie!$ #or re!ia!e i$enti#ication ynons*ecia!ists

W.y is i$enti#ication i*ortant

Table 'gi%es an ea*!e o# si*!e c.aracteristics #or $i##erentiating t.ree os(uitogenera@ ?.ic. cou!$ e a$a*te$ to !oca!!y *re%a!ent %ectors'

UNIT "#, VECTOR LIFE-C.CLE

Un$erstan$ing t.e !i#e"cyc!e o# a %ector is centra! to %ector contro! an$ sur%ei!!ance'Certain $e%e!o*enta! stages ig.t e *articu!ar!y %u!nera!e to %ector contro!'

Stu$ying t.e !i#e"cyc!e y regu!ar oser%ation o# t.e %ectorGs $e%e!o*enta! stages inarti#icia! containers *ro%i$es insig.t into t.eir io!ogy an$ generates interest incounities in *artici*ating in -sentos t on n >t an ang!e >t an ang!e or onta @ at0e.a%iour ? t "a "a Sti##@ staticOt.er Cur%e$ o$y Cur%e$ o$y W.ite co!!ar

u est n 0ent 0ent t an an e to0o$y Sa!! Stout S!en$er

o W.ite Du!! co!our Du!! co!our>$oen Pointe$ at en$ un @ un @ roun e


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Partici*ants ?i!! !earn to rear %ectors #ro !ar%a! to a$u!t stages in or$er to un$erstan$t.eir !i#e"cyc!e an$ recognie t.eir $e%e!o*ent stages'

le'el*

0asic: as in$icate$ -ntere$iate: as in$icate$ >$%ance$: ore $etai!e$ oser%ations'

Re+uirement*

T.e trainer ?i!! co!!ect %ectors at %arious $e%e!o*enta! stages@ inc!u$ing eggs i#*ossi!e@ an$ kee* t.e in trans*arent Iars ?it. nutrients *ro%i$e$ y an in#usion o#grasses' Pre"testing t.e ateria!s an$ et.o$s is i*ortant to ensure t.e success o#t.e eercise'

Pre*are re#erence ateria!s@ s.o?ing $ra?ings o# eac. %ector !i#e stage' Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment

4 ' T?o ty*es o# oser%ation can e a$e: a )". oser%ation $uring t.e session itse!#@ or$ai!y oser%ations o%er aout 4 ?eek 7$e*en$ing on t.e $e%e!o*ent cyc!e o# t.eorganis;' or ea*!e@ $uring a )". oser%ation@ t.e eergence o# os(uito *u*aeto t.e a$u!t stage can e $eonstrate$ .o?e%er@ 4 ?eek is nee$e$ to oser%e ot.erstages o# a !i#e"cyc!e'

)' >sk *artici*ants to *re*are trans*arent Iars 7?it. grass in#usion #or os(uito %ectors;an$ to a$$ one stage o# t.e %ector 7e'g' se%era! eggs@ se%era! young !ar%ae o#t.e sae age or se%era! *u*ae;' Make sure t.ere is s*ace ao%e t.e ?ater sur#ace #oreerging a$u!ts an$ t.at t.e Iar is co%ere$ ?it. es. to kee* t.e eerging a$u!tsca*ti%e'

+' Dai!y oser%ations ?i!! inc!u$e sie an$ or*.o!ogica! an$ e.a%ioura! as*ects@ ?it.$ra?ings' >t t.e en$@ t.e !i#e"cyc!e@ ?it. in$i%i$ua! stages an$ ties@ ?i!! e $ra?n'To ca!cu!ate t.e egg"to"egg *erio$@ #i!! in any issing in#oration 7e'g' *re"o%i*osition *erio$;'


Ho? !ong $oes t.e co*!ete !i#e"cyc!e take W.at con$itions in t.e en%ironent are essentia! #or t.e %ector to co*!ete its

!i#ecyc!e >t ?.ic. ties in t.e !i#e"cyc!e can t.e %ector e attacke$

UNIT "#/ VECTOR ECOLOG.


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0roa$"s*ectru insectici$es use$ to ki!! t.e %ector 7e'g' in !ar%ici$ing; a!so $estroy osto# t.e *re$ators t.at nora!!y #ee$ on t.e %ectors ?.en !e#t un$isture$' >#ter s*raying@%ectors can re"co!onie re!ati%e!y (uick!y@ ut ost *re$ators reco%er on!y s!o?!y@ gi%ingt.e %ector an a$%antage'

Training o()ecti'e Partici*ants ?i!! !earn to $eterine t.e *re#erence o# %ectors #or *articu!ar ?ater

o$ies an$ !earn to a**reciate t.e ro!e o# *re$ators'

le'el*

0asic: as in$icate$ -ntere$iate: as in$icate$ >$%ance$: ore $etai!e$ oser%ations

Re+uirement*

T.e trainer s.ou!$ sur%ey an area ?it.in easy reac. o# t.e training %enue to $eterine

t.e *resence o# $i##erent ty*es o# ?ater o$ies@ soe o# ?.ic. ay .arour %ectors' Tie re(uire$: +", .

A**ignment

Aui$e t.e *artici*ants to a nuer o# ?ater o$ies or ot.er kno?n %ector"ree$ing sites@ot. #a%oura!e an$ un#a%oura!e #or %ector ree$ing' >sk t.e *artici*ants to recor$ t.e*resence o# %ectors an$ *re$ators 7e'g' insects@ #is.; an$ to $escrie


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t.e c.aracteristics o# eac. ree$ing .aitat' or ea*!e@ ?atero$ies can e c.aracterie$ y criteria suc. as sie@ turi$ity@%egetation@ #!o?@ s.a$iness@ $e*t. an$ *resence o# *re$ators'

)' >#ter aking oser%ations at a nuer o# .aitats@ ask *artici*antsto ana!yse an$ *resent t.eir resu!ts

I

W.ic. ty*e o# ree$ing site $oes eac. *re%a!ent %ector *re#erW.ic. ty*es o# ree$ing site are easi!y contro!!e$ or reo%e$@ an$ ?.ic. arenot

Ta!e 5 gi%es ea*!es o# t.e c.aracteristics o# ree$ing sites #or t.reety*es o# os(uito %ector it cou!$ e a$a*te$ to !oca!!y *re%a!ent%ectors'

UNIT "#0 DISEASE TRANSMISSION

T.e cyc!e o# %ector"orne $iseases in%o!%es *arasites@ %ectors@ .uansan$ t.e en%ironent' -# counities un$erstan$ t.e $isease [email protected] can *!ay a ore e##ecti%e ro!e in interru*ting it'

T.e $isease cyc!e cannot e $eonstrate$ to counities as a rea!"!i#eoser%ation@ ecause $isease *at.ogens can e oser%e$ on!y t.roug.a icrosco*e' >!ternati%e et.o$s ust t.ere#ore e use$'

Ta!e 5' C.aracteristics o# ree$ing sites #or t.ree ty*es o# os(uito%ector

aracteristic

0edes Cule 0nopheles

Ty*e o#?ater o$y

ast cconta ners@ tyres@tree o es@ ea

0!ocke$ $rains@*u$$!es@ s.a$e$*oo!s

oo to*s@ sun t*oo s@ t re trac s@oo *r nts@ see*age

eranentor

Te*orary Main!yte*orary

Main!y te*orary

ar e or Sa!! Sa!! or !arge Sa!! or !argeo? ng or Stagnant agnan or agnan or s g year or C!ear or turi$ Turi$ C!ear

un t or S.a$y S.a$y Sun!itee or S.a!!o? S.a!!o? S.a!!o?

Pre$ators are y oun nresence o

are y oun nresence o

are oun n*resence o


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Training o()ecti'e

Partici*ants ?i!! !earn to un$erstan$ t.e cyc!e o# %ector"orne $isease an$ t.ero!e o# t.e %ector'


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Le'el* 0asic: as in$icate$ -ntere$iate: as in$icate$

>$%ance$: ore $etai!e$ oser%ations

Re+uirement*

Tie re(uire$: 4 .

A**ignment

4' Posters an$ !ea#!ets cou!$ e use$ to i!!ustrate t.e $isease cyc!e an$ t.ero!e o# t.e %ector'

)' De*en$ing on t.e target grou*@ ro!e"*!ay cou!$ e use$ to i!!ustrate t.e$isease cyc!e@ ?it. one *erson *!aying t.e ro!e o# .uans an$ anot.er t.ero!e o# t.e %ector@ taking t.e *arasite #ro one *erson an$ transitting itto ot.ers'


Ho? $oes t.e $isease *arasite s*rea$ W.at .a**ens i# t.e %ector is reo%e$ -n ?.ic. season $o you e*ect t.e .ig.est risk #or t.e $isease W.yHo? can *eo*!e *rotect t.ese!%es against transission o# t.e $isease *arasite

MODULE ,# !LANNING AND IM!LEMENTATION

$AC&GROUND

-n t.is o$u!e@ *!anning too!s are intro$uce$ #or ensuring e##icient@ e##ecti%e@eco!ogica!!y soun$ i*!eentation o# %ector contro! at ot. centra! an$$ecentra!ie$ !e%e!s' -n *!anning #or i*!eentation@ $ecisions ust e taken on@e'g' t.e ty*es o# inter%ention@ t.eir targeting an$ tiing@ anageent o#resources an$ stake.o!$er *artici*ation' >!! $ecisions s.ou!$ e ase$ on %a!i$@accurate oser%ations 7or $ata; an$ a *ro*er ana!ysis' Moreo%er@ $ecision"aking s.ou!$ e a**ro*riate #or t.e !ocation'

P!anning s.ou!$ #o!!o? t.e ste*s *resente$ in se(uence in t.e !earning unitse!o? an$ as s.o?n in igure 1' P!anning starts ?it. a tec.nica! co*onent:

assessing t.e e*i$eio!ogy an$ %ector situation an$ con$ucting strati#ication #orsetting *riorities' T.e outcoe o# t.is co*onent #ors t.e asis #or t.eo*erationa! ste*s to e con$ucte$ at $istrict or %i!!age !e%e!@ ?.ic. are ana!ysisan$ a**ing o# !oca! $eterinants o# $isease@ se!ection o# %ector contro!et.o$s@ assessent o# nee$s an$ a%ai!a!e resources@ *re*aration o# a !oca!-


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T.e *!anning too!s are $esigne$ to encourage $ecentra!iation an$ *artici*ation'Moreo%er@ t.ey a!!o? a co*re.ensi%e a**roac. to $isease *re%ention@ yin%o!%ing a!! t.e $eterinants o# $isease' Eac. !earning unit is ase$ on a o$e!?it. t.ree e!eents: oser%ations 7or use o# a%ai!a!e $ata or case stu$ies;@ anana!ysis an$ $ecision"aking'

UNIT ,#"# E!IDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

T.e #irst ste* is to con$uct an e*i$eio!ogica! assessent in or$er to $eterine

t.e actua! ur$en o# $isease' T.e *ur*ose is t?o#o!$: to assist in $ecision"akingon resource a!!ocation an$ to a!!o? e%a!uation o# t.e i*act o# t.e inter%entionstrategy' Wit.out a so!i$ e*i$eio!ogica! assessent@ it ?i!! e $i##icu!t to *!ane##ecti%e!y@ an$ it ?i!! e i*ossi!e to assess ?.et.er any i*act .as een a$ea#ter t.e inter%entions .a%e een co*!ete$'

T.e ur$en o# $isease is easure$ #ro $ata on $isease inci$ence@ *re%a!encean$ orta!ity@ su**!eente$ ?it. in#oration on ?ork $ays !ost@ sc.oo! $ays!ost@ seasona! %ariation@ su"*o*u!ations a##ecte$ an$ t.e *ro*ortion o#out*atients a##ecte$' Data on t.e inci$ence an$ *re%a!ence o# $isease are t.eost coon' -n -


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een set u* in certain countries@ an$ t.ese .a%e i*ro%e$ t.e #re(uency an$co%erage o# $ata on $isease $ata'

Training o()ecti'e

Partici*ants ?i!! !earn to e%a!uate t.e a%ai!a!e $ata on %ector"orne $iseasee*i$eio!ogy an$ suggest ste*s to i*ro%e t.e assessent'

Le'el*

Data on t.e inci$ence@ *re%a!ence an$ orta!ity o# t.e $isease@ su**!eente$7?.en *ossi!e; ?it. $ata on ?ork $ays !ost@ sc.oo! $ays !ost@ seasona!%ariation@ su*o*u!ations a##ecte$@ an$ *ro*ortion o# out*atients' T.e $atasources s.ou!$ inc!u$e recor$s o# *assi%e an$ acti%e sur%ei!!ance o# a!!re!e%ant %ector"orne $iseases'

Tie re(uire$: + .

Re+uirement*

Tie re(uire$: 4 .A**ignment

4' Construct a atri ?it. $ata ty*es 7.orionta!!y; an$ *re%a!ent %ector"orne$iseases 7%ertica!!y; to $eterine systeatica!!y t.e *resence or asence o#$ata #or eac. ce!! o# t.e atri'

)' -n$icate in eac. ce!! t.e year o# t.e ost recent $ata'+' Hig.!ig.t t.e $ata otaine$ y acti%e sur%ei!!ance or s*ecia! stu$ies@

?.ic. are e*ecte$ to e t.e ost accurate',' E%a!uate t.e re!iai!ity o# t.e $ata in t.e atri'

5' On t.e asis o# t.e a%ai!a!e $ata@ assess t.e o%era!! situation o# %ector"orne $iseases'


W.at are t.e ga*s an$ s.ortcoings in t.e e*i$eio!ogica! assessent W.at is nee$e$ to i*ro%e t.e assessent W.at are t.e a$%antages o# coining a!! %ector"orne $iseases into a

sing!e assessent W.at are t.e a$%antages an$ $isa$%antages o# *assi%e case $etection W.at are t.e a$%antages an$ $isa$%antages o# acti%e case $etection

UNIT ,#,# VECTOR ASSESSMENT

or %ector contro! to e e##ecti%e@ a t.oroug. un$erstan$ing o# t.e %ectors isnee$e$' W.ic. s*ecies can e e*ecte$ to occur in a certain ecosyste >re t.esus*ecte$ %ectors actua!!y res*onsi!e #or transitting $isease W.ere an$ ?.en$o t.e %ectors ree$ W.ere an$ ?.en $o t.ey ite an$ rest >re t.e %ectorsto!erant or resistant to t.e a%ai!a!e insectici$es T.ese #i%e (uestions area$$resse$ se(uentia!!y 7see section +'+ o# t.e -


17/59

T.e i*ortance o# t.e ty*e o# ecosyste ust e un$erstoo$@ ecause eac. ty*e*ro%i$es uni(ue con$itions #or ree$ing@ resting an$ .ost"#in$ing o# %ectors'Ea*!es o# ecosyste ty*es are uran@ agricu!ture 7irrigate$@ unirrigate$;@#oreste$@ coasta!@ ri%erine@ sa%anna. an$ *!antations'


18/59

W.ere insectici$es are use$ to #or %ector contro!@ t.e susce*tii!ity o#

%ectors to t.einsectici$es use$ s.ou!$ e ascertaine$ y t.e stan$ar$ et.o$srecoen$e$ y WHO'

Training o()ecti'e

Partici*ants ?i!! !earn t.e asic re(uireents an$ et.o$s #or%ector assessent'

Le'el*

0asic: ana!ysis o# !oca! in#oration -ntere$iate: ana!ysis o# in#oration a%ai!a!e at nationa! !e%e! 7as

in$icate$; >$%ance$: *!anning #or generating ne? $ata

Re+uirement*

Ma* s.o?ing ones an$ aIor ecosystes Data on t.e %ector s*ecies@ ?it. !ocations@ o# eac. *re%a!ent %ector"

orne $isease 7re#er to $iseases !iste$ un$er unit )'4; -n#oration on %ector incriination@ icro.aitat *re#erence@

seasona!ity an$ iting an$ resting e.a%iour o# %ectors 7nationa!an$ regiona! $ata;

Most recent resu!ts o# tests #or susce*tii!ity o# t.e %ectors to t.einsectici$es use$

Tie re(uire$: , . 7intere$iate !e%e!;

A**ignment

4' Ecosystes: Deterine t.e aIor ty*es o# ecosyste 7e'g' coasta!@ri%erine@ sa%anna.@ uran@ #orest@ agricu!ture@ .ig. a!titu$e@*!antation;@ an$ construct a atri ?it. t.e ecosyste ty*es.orionta!!y an$ t.e *re%a!ent %ector"orne $iseases 7e'g' a!aria@$engue; %ertica!!y'

)' -nto eac. ce!! o# t.e atri@ !ist t.e *otentia! %ectors #or eac.$isease an$ ecosyste 7in rackets ?.en t.e occurrence o# a %ectoris uncertain; *ut a (uestion ark ?.en no in#oration is a%ai!a!e'

+'


19/59

List t.e %ectors %ertica!!y in t.e #irst co!un' -n t.e secon$ co!un@

!ist t.e tie o# iting $uring t.e $ay or nig.t 7or contact ?it. t.e%ector;' -n t.e t.ir$ co!un@ state ?.et.er iting occurs in$oors orout$oors' -n t.e #ourt. co!un@ enter ?.et.er t.e %ector restsin$oors or out$oors 7?.en a**!ica!e;'

10 -n t.e #i#t. co!un@ state ?.et.er t.e %ector *re#ers to #ee$ on.uans rat.er t.anania!s' -n$icate ga*s in kno?!e$ge'


20/59

2' Susce*tii!ity to insectici$es: List t.e %ectors against ?.ic. insectici$esare eing use$ #or contro! *ur*oses' -n$icate t.e insectici$es use$ againsteac. %ector' S*eci#y t.e susce*tii!ity status in eac. category@ in$icatingt.e year o# t.e ost recent test' -n$icate ga*s in kno?!e$ge'


Reca*itu!ate t.e %ector assessent@ *ointing out its strengt.s an$?eaknesses'

W.at are t.e *riorities #or #urt.er stu$y

UNIT ,#/# STRATIFICATION

Disease an$ $isease risks are ne%er uni#or!y $istriute$ ut are oreconcentrate$ in certain areas t.an ot.ers' Strati#ication re#ers to c!assi#icationo# $isease"en$eic areas #or i$enti#ying t.e a**roac.es re(uire$ #or $iseasecontro!' -n t.is unit@ a si*!e #or o# strati#ication is *ro*ose$'

T.e ain *ur*ose o# strati#ication is to $i##erentiate et?een areas accor$ingto t.e inci$ence an$ *re%a!ence rates o# a $isease' -t is con$ucte$ #or eac.%ector"orne $isease' O%er!ay a*s o# t.e $i##erent $iseases .e!* ini$enti#ying areas in ?.ic. se%era! $iseases are *re%a!ent'

Strati#ication is usua!!y con$ucte$ on t.e asis o# a$inistrati%e units@ suc.as $istricts #or ea*!e@ $istrict > .as a !o? inci$ence o# a $isease an$

$istrict 0 a e$iu inci$ence' Strati#ication at a$inistrati%e !e%e! is !ogica!@as $ata on $isease inci$ence are usua!!y co!!ecte$ at t.is !e%e!@ e%en i# t.einci$ence ?it.in an area is not uni#or' urt.erore@ u$gets #or $iseasecontro! are usua!!y a!!ocate$ an$ acti%ities organie$ y a$inistrati%e unit'>!ternati%e!y@ $isease inci$ence cou!$ e strati#ie$ accor$ing to strong!yassociate$ %aria!es@ suc. as a!titu$e@ rain#a!! or ecosyste'

T.e ain #unction o# strati#ication is to *erit a!!ocation o# t.e nationa!u$get to !o?er !e%e!s o# t.e a$inistration accor$ing to t.e en$eicity o#%ector"orne $iseases' T.e i*!eentation strategy #or $istricts ?.ere t.e$isease is .ig.!y en$eic ig.t e $i##erent #ro t.e strategy #or t.ose ?it.a risk #or e*i$eics'

More co*!e #ors o# strati#ication are eyon$ t.e sco*e o# t.is anua!'Strati#ication can@ #or instance@ e use$ to Q!ayer $i##erent ty*es o#in#oration@ suc. as a!titu$e@ ecosystes an$ socioeconoic con$itions@ e'g'to $i##erentiate et?een $isease inci$ence in .ig.!an$ an$ !o?!an$ areas' T.e*ur*ose o# a co*!e ana!ysis ?ou!$ e to $eterine ore *recise!y t.ecauses an$ !ocation o# $isease an$ to $esign !oca!!y tai!ore$ contro! strategies'Mu!ti%aria!e strati#ications are@ .o?e%er@ $i##icu!t to ac.ie%e at country !e%e!in t.e asence o# !oca! $ata@ an$@ u!ti*!e %aria!es are ore a**ro*riate!y


21/59

a**e$ at !o?er !e%e!s o# a$inistration@ in a $ecentra!ie$ a**roac.' T.isto*ic is $iscusse$ in ore $etai! in unit )',@ on Loca! $eterinants o# $isease'Training o()ecti'e

Partici*ants at nationa! !e%e! ?i!! !earn to strati#y t.e inci$ence o# %ector"orne $iseases'

Le'el*

0asic: not re(uire$ -ntere$iate: as in$icate$ >$%ance$: ore co*!e %ersion

Re+uirement*

Out*uts o# unit )'4@ ?it. $etai!s o# !ocations@ country a*s ?it.a$inistrati%e !iits@ 7sei"; trans*arent s.eets@ co!oure$ arker *ens

Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment

4' Eaine t.e a%ai!a!e $ata to $eterine t.e a%erage $isease inci$ence ineac. a$inistrati%e unit 7e'g' $istrict;'

)' De#ine t.e *re%a!ence o# eac. %ector"orne $isease as !o?@ e$iu or.ig.'+' Dra? a country a* ?it. a$inistrati%e or$ers',' Dra? trans*arent o%er!ays #or eac. $isease@ an$ in$icate !o?@ e$iu or

.ig. *re%a!ence ?it. a $i##erent *attern'5' O%er!ay t.e a* ?it. t.e trans*arent s.eets to $eterine areas ?.ere

se%era! $iseases occur@' Recoen$ t.e *ercentage o# t.e nationa! u$get #or %ector"orne

$iseases t.at s.ou!$ e a!!ocate$ to eac. a$inistrati%e unit on t.e asiso# t.e strati#ication'


W.at are t.e i*!ications o# strati#ication W.at are t.e ga*s in in#oration@ an$ ?.at is nee$e$ to #i!! t.ose ga*s W.at are t.e ene#its o# co%ering se%era! $iseases ?it. an -


22/59

Deterinants o# $isease can e $i%i$e$ into #our categories: t.ose re!ate$ to t.e*arasite@ to t.e %ector@ to .uan acti%ities an$ to t.e en%ironent' T.e .uan$eterinants are e.a%iour an$ acti%ities t.at a##ect t.e risk #or transission@an$ en%ironenta! $eterinants are #actors in t.e en%ironent t.at in#!uencetransission' T.ese #actors strong!y a##ect t.e risk #or $isease 7see section ,')

o# t.e -


23/59

o# aggregations@ ?aste!an$s@ agricu!ture an$ ot.er ecosystes;@ an$ a$$ t.e to t.ea*@ using syo!s@ *atterns an$ a !egen$'

5' -$enti#y t.e !ocations at ?.ic. t.e risks #or %ector ree$ing an$ $isease transissionare e*ecte$ to e .ig.est' -# *ossi!e@ i$enti#y t.e !ocations o# transission o#$isease'

' To construct a ca!en$ar@ $ra? a .orionta! ar re*resenting 4 year' >$$ #urt.er.orionta! ars to in$icate t.e seasona! $eterinants o# %ector"orne $isease 7e'g'?eat.er@ agricu!ture@ socia! e%ents;@ an$ i$enti#y t.e *erio$ o# .ig.est risk #or $isease+'


W.y is it i*ortant to un$erstan$ a!! t.e $eterinants o# $isease W.ic. o# t.e suggeste$ actions or inter%entions are outsi$e t.e sco*e o# t.e .ea!t.

sector W.at ig.t e t.e ro!e o# ot.er sectors an$ !oca! counities Ho? cou!$ t.e resu!ts o# a**ing an$ t.e ca!en$ar e use$

UNIT ,#2# SELECTION OF VECTOR CONTROL MET%ODS


24/59

4' Pre*are a atri@ an$ !ist t.e *ossi!e %ector contro! et.o$s 7co!un 4;@$ra?ing on re#erence ateria!s !iste$ in QRecoen$e$ rea$ing'

)' Deterine against ?.ic. %ector"orne $iseases eac. et.o$ cou!$ e use$7co!un 2;@ consi$ering on!y t.e !oca!!y *re%a!ent %ector"orne $iseasesi$enti#ie$ in unit 2.1

+' Re*eat t.e !oca! risks #or eac. $isease i$enti#ie$ in unit )',@ in or$er toin$icate t.e *otentia! e##icacy o# eac. contro! et.o$' Estiate eac.et.o$Gs e##ecti%eness #or contro!!ing !oca! risks as !o?@ e$iu or .ig.7co!un +;'

,' Deterine t.e a$%antages 7co!un ,; an$ $isa$%antages 7co!un 5; o# eac.et.o$' Possi!e a$%antages are !o? cost@ sa#ety@ o**ortunity #orcounities to *artici*ate an$ use #or se%era! $iseases *ossi!e$isa$%antages are re(uireents #or s*ecia! e(ui*ent or aIor in%estent@a$%erse e##ects on t.e en%ironent an$ .uan .ea!t.@ risk #or insectici$eresistance an$ *oor acce*tai!ity y counities'

5' >ssess t.e in#oration in co!uns 4"5@ an$ se!ect t.ose et.o$s t.at?ou!$ e a**ro*riate !oca!!y' Pay *articu!ar attention to t.e et.o$s t.atcou!$ e use$ against ore t.an one %ector"orne $isease'


Ho? $o t.e %ector contro! et.o$s se!ecte$ $i##er #ro t.ose use$ current!y W.ic. %ector contro! et.o$s cou!$ e use$ against ore t.an one $isease W.at is t.e ro!e o# ot.er sectors an$ counities in using t.e %ector contro!

et.o$s se!ecte$ W.at !e%e! o# %ector contro! is nee$e$ i# t.e oIecti%e is to contro! a $isease

!oca!!y or to e!iinate it

UNIT ,#3# RE4UIREMENTS AND RESOURCES

Certain resources ?i!! e re(uire$ to i*!eent t.e !oca!!y a**ro*riate %ector

contro! et.o$s i$enti#ie$ in unit )'5 on a eaning#u! sca!e' T.ose resourcesig.t not e a%ai!a!e in t.e .ea!t. sector@ an$ ot.er sectors an$ counitiess.ou!$ contriute an$ take *art in t.e acti%ities'

T.is unit .e!*s *artici*ants to $eterine t.e a%ai!a!e .uan@ #inancia! an$tec.nica! resources at $istrict or %i!!age !e%e!' Huan resources inc!u$e ski!!e$an$ genera! sta## in t.e .ea!t. an$ ot.er *u!ic an$ *ri%ate sectors@ sc.oo!s@ci%i! society organiations an$ counity re*resentati%es' inancia! resourcesare t.e go%ernent .ea!t. u$gets@

15

%ector"orne $isease contro! *rograes@ su**ort #ro ot.er sectors 7agricu!ture@ !oca!go%ernent@ e$ucation@ construction@ *ri%ate sector@ nongo%ernenta!

organiations; an$ in"kin$ contriutions #ro counities' Tec.nica! resourcesinc!u$e e*ertise@ ski!!s@ ateria!s an$ e(ui*ent'

Deterination o# re(uireents an$ resources re(uires t.e *artici*ation o# anysectors@ !oca! stake.o!$ers an$ counity re*resentati%es' Links s.ou!$ e a$e?it. ot.er !oca! *rograes or go%ernent ser%ices in or$er to coor$inateacti%ities@ ensure consistency an$ a%oi$ $u*!ication'


25/59

>s *!anning an$ i*!eentation o# -


26/59

UNIT ,#5# IM!LEMENTATION STRATEG.

-n units )'4")'@ $isease risks ?ere ana!yse$ an$ o*tions an$ resources i$enti#ie$' T.ei*!eentation strategy ?i!! ring t.e *ieces toget.er in t.e #or o# an action *!an #ort.e $istrict or %i!!age'

T.e strategy is ase$ on t.e %ector contro! et.o$s se!ecte$@ ?it. $ecisions aout ?.enan$ ?.ere to i*!eent@ ?.at to target an$ ?.o to in%o!%e in i*!eentation an$e%a!uation' or #urt.er in#oration@ see section ,'5 o# t.e -ccor$ing tocro**ing season

Continuous ccor nto er o s ora n a

ereto* e

es ent aareas@ streets@ar ets@

g "r s areas@?aste an s an

ra ns aroun

reasen e c? t

rr gateagr cu tura

e s n area

argeto e es@no* e es@ e es@no e es@ >no*.e!es@Cu!e >no*.e!es

Targeto#n er%e

art ores ent a

>!! ?aste!an$sanage$

36 o#.ouses

o r cee ? t

Partici*ants

oun t es@oca

go%ernent@ n stry o t een% ronent@

n stry o t een% ronent@oca

go%ernent@ tycoun t

[email protected]!t.o##icers

arersssoc at ons@

etens ono cers@ ocao%ernent@

es ons t ea t oca ea t r cu tureterna

on to

Loca!go%ernent

Hea!t. o##ice Uni%ersity Hea!t.o##ice


27/59

Training o()ecti'e*

Partici*ants ?i!! e a!e Ioint!y to *re*are a strategy on - .y*ot.etica! ea*!e o# a strategy atri is *resente$ in Ta(le 3#

Le'el*

0asic: ana!ysis at %i!!age !e%e! -ntere$iate: ana!ysis at $istrict !e%e! 7as in$icate$; >$%ance$: sae as #or intere$iate !e%e!

Re+uirement*

Out*uts #ro units )'4")' Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment4' Pre*are a atri@ an$ assign one co!un to eac. o# t.e %ector contro! et.o$s@ ?it.

t.e ites o# t.e strategy in t.e ro?s')' >s t.e #irst ite@ in$icate #or eac. et.o$ ?.en it s.ou!$ e i*!eente$ #or

aiu e##ect@ i'e' ?.ic. *erio$ o# t.e year' Re#er to t.e seasona! ca!en$ar*re*are$ un$er unit )',' >!so in$icate t.e #re(uency o# use o# t.e et.o$s'

+' >s t.e secon$ ite@ in$icate #or eac. et.o$ ?.ere it s.ou!$ e i*!eente$@ i'e' t.e!ocations or %u!nera!e grou*s in t.e a$inistrati%e oun$aries' Re#er to t.e a**re*are$ un$er unit )','

,' >s t.e t.ir$ ite@ in$icate t.e %ectors an$ $iseases targete$ y eac. et.o$'5' >s t.e #ourt. ite@ set rea!istic o*erationa! targets to e reac.e$ ?it.in 4 an$ ) years

7e'g' *ercentage o# .ouses co%ere$ y an inter%ention;' -# t.e i*act is to e stu$ie$@a!so set targets #or t.e -s t.e #i#t. ite@ $eterine *ossi!e *artners in i*!eentation o# eac. %ectorcontro! et.o$' Re#er to t.e out*ut #ro unit )''2' >s t.e sit. ite@ i$enti#y t.e entity t.at ?i!! e res*onsi!e #or i*!eentation o#

eac. inter%ention'3' >s t.e se%ent. ite@ i$enti#y t.e entity t.at ?i!! onitor an$ e%a!uate eac.

inter%ention' T.is entity s.ou!$ not e t.e sae as t.at res*onsi!e #ori*!eentation'


Ho? $oes t.e strategy $i##er #ro eisting %ector contro! e##orts -s it ani*ro%eent

W.y s.ou!$ t.e entity res*onsi!e #or i*!eentation not onitor an$ e%a!uate t.einter%ention

Discuss t.e nee$ #or a !oca! organiationa! structure #or -


28/59

MODULE /# ORGANI6ATION AND MANAGEMENT

$AC&GROUND

-co*re.ensi%e Q%ector contro! nee$s assessent is a *rere(uisite #or systeatici*ro%eent o# a nationa! syste o# %ector contro!@ as $escrie$ e!se?.ere' ,>!t.oug.suc. an assessent is eyon$ t.e sco*e o# t.is training anua!@ a ra*i$ assessent o#organiationa! structures an$ resources is co%ere$ in t.e net unit'

UNIT /#" INTEGRATION 7IT%IN T%E %EALT% SECTOR

Most $isease"en$eic countries are re#oring t.eir .ea!t. sectors@ ?it. $ecentra!iationan$ *ri%atiation o# .ea!t. ser%ices' T.is .as !e$ to c.anges an$ re$istriution o#resources to $istricts@ ut it .as genera!!y een $i##icu!t to $ecentra!ie t.e ca*acity #orana!ysis an$ $ecision"aking to t.at !e%e!' T.e -


29/59

Training o()ecti'e*

Partici*ants ?i!! e a!e to ana!yse t.e syste o# %ector contro! an$ suggesti*ro%eents'

Le'el* 0asic: not re(uire$ -ntere$iate: as in$icate$ >$%ance$: ore $etai!e$ assessent

Re+uirement*

-n#oration on t.e eisting structure an$ resources #or %ector contro! in t.e .ea!t.sector

Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment

4' Situation: Deterine .o? contro! acti%ities #or %ector"orne $iseases are current!yarrange$ an$ coor$inate$ 7e'g' in one unit or se*arate$ y *rograe;')' -$enti#y t.e a%ai!a!e .uan an$ tec.nica! resources #or %ector contro! an$ %ector

sur%ei!!ance at centra! an$ $ecentra!ie$ !e%e!s o# t.e .ea!t. sector 7nuer o#*ersonne!@ e*ertise;'

+' E%a!uate .o? $ecisions aout %ector contro! i*!eentation are a$e at centra! an$$ecentra!ie$ !e%e!s 7?.at ty*es o# $ecision are a$e at centra! an$ at $istrict !e%e!?.at ty*es o# $ata are use$ .o? o#ten $ecisions are u*$ate$;'

,' -$enti#y ga*s an$ s.ortcoings in t.e current syste o# %ector contro!'5' Nee$s: Deterine t.e c.anges an$ a$$itions nee$e$ to .uan an$ tec.nica! ca*acity

#or -


30/59

>cti%e *artners.i*s are nee$e$ in *articu!ar at !oca! !e%e!@ as -


31/59

A**ignment

4' or a se!ecte$ $istrict 7or %i!!age;@ i$enti#y a!! t.e *artners t.at cou!$contriute to %ector contro! $eterine .o? eac. *artner current!yin#!uences t.e risk #or %ector" orne $isease an$ t.eir *otentia! ro!e in%ector contro!'

)' -$enti#y a suita!e organiationa! structure #or -


32/59

in re$ucing t.e risk #or %ector"orne $isease' Co!!aoration aong

sectors cou!$ resu!t in ?i$er@ ore e##icient $e!i%ery o# %ector contro!'Su**ort is a!so nee$e$ #ro t.e *ri%ate sector an$ ci%i! society organiations'

-n s*ecia! econoic ones@ suc. as usiness ones@ tourist areas@ *!antations an$ining ones@ )) %ector contro! s.ou!$ e *resente$ as aking econoic sense'

T.e .ea!t. status o# *eo*!e " e*!oyees@ !aourers an$ c!ients " $eterines*rogress an$ success: !ost

?ork $ays@ sc.oo! asenteeis an$ e$ica! costs $rain t.e systean$ re$uce *ro#its' Hence@ $ra?ing attention to t.e !inks et?een%ector contro! an$ econoic *rogress s.ou!$ .e!* to raise #un$ing'

>$$itiona! #un$s #or -


33/59

5' -$enti#y o*tions #or -s $iscusse$ in t.e -


34/59

Training o()ecti'e*

Partici*ants ?i!! un$erstan$ t.e nee$ #or an$ et.o$s o# ana!ysing*ro!es in a %ector contro! syste'

Partici*ants ?i!! con$uct a ra*i$ ana!ysis on t.e asis o# nationa! $ata'

Le'el*

0asic: not re(uire$ -ntere$iate: as in$icate$ >$%ance$: ore $etai!e$ ana!ysis

), FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5 Aui$e!ines #or %ector contro! nee$s assessent' 0raa%i!!e@ WHORegiona! O##ice #or >#rica@ )66+ Aui$e!ines #or %ector contro! nee$sassessent' Cairo@ WHO Regiona! O##ice #or t.e Eastern Me$iterranean@

)661'Re+uirement*

>!! in#oration #ro t.e country re!e%ant to t.e actua! situation Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment

4' Deterine t.e ain constraints to %ector contro! in t.e countryconsi$er *o!itica!@ anageria!@ #inancia!@ tec.nica!@ eco!ogica!@organiationa! an$ sociocu!tura! issues' >s a gui$e@ consi$er t.e#o!!o?ing (uestions@ ?.ic. are not e.austi%e: W.ic. %ector contro! et.o$s are use$ an$ on ?.at sca!e W.ic. $iseases are targete$

W.at e*ertise on %ector contro! eists Ho? an$ at ?.at !e%e! are $ecisions a$e on inter%entions an$ targeting W.at e%i$ence ase is use$ -s $ecision"aking #!ei!e in or$er to res*on$ to c.anging

circustances Ho? $o t.e acti%ities o# ot.er sectors in#!uence %ector

ree$ing or $isease transission Ho? $o counities co*!y or *artici*ate >re t.ere signs o# resistance to insectici$es

)' >#ter i$enti#ying t.e ain constraints@ $eterine t.e causes o# eac.'+' Deterine t.e eans #or reo%ing or a!!e%iating eac. *ro!e@an$ i$enti#y ?.at is nee$e$ to ac.ie%e t.is'


W.ic. o# t.e i$enti#ie$ *ro!es re(uire a *o!icy c.ange W.ic. o# t.e *ro!es re(uire a c.ange in institutiona! arrangeents

UNIT 0#, !OLIC. ENVIRONMENT FOR INTEGRATED VECTORMANAGEMENT

To e e##ecti%e@ -


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#a%oura!e *o!icy en%ironent' Pu!ic *o!icy is re(uire$ to

$ecentra!ie t.e *!anning an$ i*!eentation o# -na!ysis o# t.e eisting *u!ic *o!icy en%ironent is a eans #orstrengt.ening t.e *o!icy an$ !ega! #rae?ork #or -sii!ar a**roac. cou!$ e use$ #or -


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0asic: not re(uire$

-ntere$iate: as in$icate$ >$%ance$: ore $etai!e$ ana!ysis

Re+uirement*

-n#oration on .ea!t. *o!icies@ !ega! instruents an$ nationa!gui$e!ines on %ector contro! !e%e! o# *riority o# %ector"orne $iseasecontro! in#oration on re!e%ant *rograes in ot.er sectors ot.erre!e%ant $ocuents

Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment

4' -$enti#y t.e *o!icies@ !a?s an$ regu!ations a**!ica!e to t.e .ea!t.sector t.at are re!e%ant to %ector"orne $iseases' -$enti#y t.e *o!icy on

taes an$ susi$ies on t.e i*ort@ anu#acture an$ sa!e o# %ectorcontro! *ro$ucts@ suc. as insectici$e"treate$ nets' S*eci#y .o? eac.*o!icy su**orts or i*e$es %ector contro!'

)' -$enti#y t.e *o!icies an$ *o!icy instruents in sectors ot.er t.an.ea!t. 7*articu!ar!y in agricu!ture an$ t.e en%ironent; t.at su**ort ori*e$e %ector contro!' S*eci#ica!!y@

26 i$enti#y *o!icies on *estici$e anageent an$ integrate$ *estanageent an$*o!icies on .ea!t. i*act assessents in t.e contet o# $e%e!o*ent *roIects'


37/59

+' -$enti#y *o!icies an$ *o!icy instruents on intersectora! co!!aoration 7e'g' on a%ianin#!uena; an$ suggest .o? t.ey cou!$ e use$ to su**ort -


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Partici*ants ?i!! !earn to ana!yse eisting institutiona! arrangeents an$ *ro*osea$Iustents #or -


39/59


W.at %a!i$ reasons cou!$ e *ut #or?ar$ #or t.e agricu!ture sector or !oca!go%ernent to assue res*onsii!ity #or %ector contro! in t.eir areas

Ho? cou!$ t.e !inks et?een researc. an$ i*!eentation e

strengt.ene$ W.at are t.e arriers

I


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MODULE 2# ADVOCAC. AND COMMUNICATION

$AC&GROUND

T.e oIecti%e o# a$%ocacy is to counicate t.e oIecti%es o# -


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*.ase@ a$%ocacy is essentia! #or continue$ attention to an$ in%estentin -


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Le'el*

0asic: not re(uire$ -ntere$iate: as in$icate$ >$%ance$: sae as #or intere$iate !e%e!

Re+uirement*

Case stu$ies on co*onents o# -


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oti%ation or incenti%es to co*!y ?it. eisting or ne? easures' > nuer o#counication strategies .a%e een use$ #our are $iscusse$ in t.is unit'

T.e ass e$ia are usua!!y use$ to $istriuting si*!e essages to a ?i$e au$ience' -nt.e Qin#oration@ e$ucation an$ counication a**roac.@ a coination o#in#orationa!@ e$ucationa! an$ oti%ationa! inter%entions is use$@ ?.ic. are $esigne$ toc.ange *eo*!eGs attitu$es an$ e.a%iour'5T.e a**roac. is ase$ on t.e use o# asse$ia in coination ?it. grou* an$ inter*ersona! counication: essages are use$in ass e$ia@ an$ e$ucation an$ counication are use$ to teac. *eo*!e certaine.a%iour an$ to #or counity"ase$ net?orks' -n#oration@ e$ucation an$counication .a%e a *ositi%e i*act on kno?!e$ge an$ attitu$es@ ut t.e i*act one.a%iour .as een (uestione$'

QCounication #or e.a%ioura! i*actcan ring aout $esire$ e.a%iour in re!ationto %ector"orne $isease 7$engue@ !y*.atic #i!ariasis an$ a!aria; in a ca*aign"sty!ea**roac. ase$ on t.e *rinci*!es o# arketing use$ in t.e *ri%ate sector to c.angeconsuer e.a%iour' -t starts y ana!ysing *eo*!eGs arriers to a$o*ting a certaine.a%iour an$ i$enti#ication o# se%era! $esire$ e.a%iours' Suse(uent!y@ a targete$strategy is $esigne$ to ring aout t.ose e.a%iours t.roug. a coination o# too!s@ suc.

as *u!ic re!ations@ a$%ertising an$ inter*ersona! counication'T.e e*o?erent o# counities re(uires signi#icant in%estent in *ractica! e$ucation'> coon ea*!e ?it. $eonstrate$ e##ects on e*o?erent is t.e Q#arer #ie!$sc.oo! $esigne$ y t.e oo$ an$ >gricu!ture Organiation o# t.e Unite$ Nations totrain #arers in integrate$ *est anageent in agricu!ture'2-t is essentia!!y Qa sc.oo! int.e #ie!$@ ?.erey a grou* o# *eo*!e eet once a ?eek t.roug.out a season' T.ise$ucationa! o$e! is ase$ on .an$s"on !earning to $isco%er io!ogica! *rinci*!es@ ?it.systeatic oser%ation an$ ana!ysis as t.e asis #or $ecision"aking in agro"ecosysteanageent' -ts grou* a**roac. stiu!ates counication an$ co!!aoration' T.e#arer #ie!$ sc.oo! curricu!u .as een a$a*te$ #or use in %ector contro! in se%era!countries 7see -$%ance$: ore $etai!e$ ana!ysis

5-n#oration@ e$ucation an$ counication: !essons #ro t.e *ast *ers*ecti%es #or t.e#uture' Aene%a@ Wor!$ Hea!t. Organiation@ )664 7WHO/RHR/O4'));'P!anning socia! oi!iation an$ counication #or $engue #e%er *re%ention an$contro!: a ste*"y"ste* gui$e' Aene%a@ Wor!$ Hea!t. Organiation@ )66, 7a!so a%ai!a!eat: .tt*://???'?.o'int/t$r/*u!ications/*u!ications/ *!ani#icacionF$engue'.t;'2Pontius KC@ Di!ts DR@ 0art!ett >' Ten years o# -PM training in >sia: #ro #arer #ie!$sc.oo! to counity -PM' 0angkok@ oo$ an$ >gricu!ture Organiation o# t.e Unite$Nations@ )66) 7a!so a%ai!a!e at: .tt*://???'#ao'org/$ocre*/665/ ac3+,e/ ac3+,e66'.t;'
http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/publications/http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/publications/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/publications/http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/


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Re+uirement*

-# not *resent aong t.e *artici*ants@ in%ite a *erson ?it. e*erience incounication strategies an$ e*o?ering counities to intro$uce t.e #ourcounication strategies'

Re#erence ateria!s or case stu$ies on #our counication strategies: use o# t.e asse$ia in#oration@ e$ucation an$ counication counication #or e.a%ioura!i*act an$ counity e*o?erent@ e'g' in Q#arer #ie!$ sc.oo!s'

Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment

4' On t.e asis o# ty*ica! con$itions at counity !e%e!@ i$enti#y t.e $esire$ e.a%ioura!outcoes #or se!#"*rotection an$ %ector contro!@ i'e' t.e as*ects t.at counitiess.ou!$ c.ange in t.eir e.a%iour an$ acti%ities'

)' Construct a atri@ !isting in t.e #irst co!un t.e #our counication strategies: useo# t.e ass e$ia in#oration@ e$ucation an$ counication counication #ore.a%ioura! i*act an$ #arer #ie!$ sc.oo!s'

+' -n t.e secon$ an$ t.ir$ co!uns o# t.e atri@ in$icate t.e strengt.s an$ ?eaknesses

o# eac. et.o$@ e'g' in ters o# tie an$ e##ort re(uire$@ co%erage@ i*act@ cost@acti%e counity *artici*ation an$ sustainai!ity@,' -n t.e #ourt. co!un@ !ist ?.ic. o# t.e $esire$ e.a%ioura! outcoes cou!$ e

ac.ie%e$'


W.ic. counication strategies ?ou!$ e ost suita!e #or an -


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-n genera! ters@ Qe*o?erent eans ena!ing *eo*!e to takeore contro! o%er t.eir !i%es'1Peo*!e nee$ to e e*o?ere$ in or$er

to i*ro%e t.eir situation an$ to re!y !ess on scarce eterna! ser%ices@#or ea*!e #ro t.e .ea!t. sector' T?o asic *recon$itions toe*o?erent .a%e een suggeste$:46#irst@ t.e necessary eans orena!ing #actors ust e in *!ace@ inc!u$ing t.e res*onsii!ities@o**ortunities #or eetings@ resources an$ ca*ai!ities secon$@ana!ysis an$ $ecision"aking ust e un$ertaken #or suse(uentaction' W.i!e t.e eans co%er ca*acity"ui!$ing an$ a grou*a**roac.@ ana!ysis an$ $ecision"aking i*!y acti%e in%o!%eent in*!anning an$ i*!eenting -s t.e *artici*ants t.ese!%esare *roa!y in t.e est *osition to $escrie t.e !e%e! o#e*o?erent t.ey .a%e e*erience$@ *artici*atory e%a!uation@ orse!#assessent@ is a use#u! et.o$'

Training o()ecti'e*

Partici*ants ?i!! !earn to un$erstan$ t.e essentia! con$itions #orcounity e*o?erent an$ to *!an .o? to ac.ie%e t.is'

T.is !earning unit s.ou!$ e gi%en .ig. *riority in t.e contet o#-$%ance$: as in$icate$

Re+uirement*

Re#erence ateria! or a case stu$y o# a success#u!a**roac. to counity e*o?erent 7e'g' a #arer #ie!$sc.oo!;

-n%ite a *erson ?it. e*erience in counity e*o?erent' Tie re(uire$: , .

A**ignment

4' Stu$y a $ocuente$ case re!e%ant to -


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s.ou!$ #aci!itate eetings@ re(uire$ ca*ai!ity"ui!$ing an$training

+, """"""""""""""""""""""""1 C.aers R' C.a!!enging t.e *ro#essions: #rontiers #or rura!$e%e!o*ent' Lon$on@ -ntere$iate Tec.no!ogy De%e!o*ent Arou*@411+'46 0art!ett >' No ore a$o*tion rates Looking #or e*o?erent inagricu!tura! $e%e!o*ent *rograes' De%e!o*ent

in Practice@ )663@ 43:5),"5+3'


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curricu!u@ .o? o#ten *eo*!e s.ou!$ eet@ t.e in%o!%eent o# !oca!aut.orities an$ a$%isers an$ t.e o**ortunities #or %ector contro!'

+' Deterine .o? ana!ysis an$ $ecision"aking s.ou!$ e i*!eente$ atcounity !e%e!' T.e *!an cou!$ inc!u$e ?.ic. %ectors or $iseases toa$$ress@ t.e ty*e o# oser%ations to e a$e@ .o? t.ey s.ou!$ eana!yse$ an$ use$ #or $ecisionaking an$ t.e ro!e o# t.e #aci!itator'

,' Esta!is. .o? counity e*o?erent ?ou!$ e onitore$ an$e%a!uate$ an$ t.e ro!e o# *artici*atory an$ eterna! e%a!uation'


W.at are t.e arriers to e*o?ering counities Ho? cou!$ t.ey eo%ercoe

W.at is t.e ro!e o# t.e .ea!t. sector in #aci!itating counity*artici*ation W.at o*tions eist at counity !e%e! #or coining -


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MODULE 3# MONITORING AND EVALUATION

$AC&GROUND

Monitoring an$ e%a!uation are essentia! in anaging a *rograe ecauset.ey re%ea! its ac.ie%eents an$ e##ects' -n -


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i*!eentation starts ?it. ana!ysis an$ $ecision"aking in $istricts an$%i!!ages@ ?.ic. resu!ts in %ector contro!@ ?.ic. a##ects t.e %ector *o*u!ation@?.ic. in turn a##ects $isease transission an$ t.us t.e *re%a!ence an$ori$ity o# $isease 7igure );'


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igure )' Processes an$ outcoes in *!anning an$ #ie!$

' % enc ase ' aras e nc enceacti%ities re%a ence@ sease

orta!ity

$.1

a :

-n$icators s.ou!$ e se!ecte$ to corres*on$ to t.e re(uireents o#stake.o!$ers' WHO !ists ea*!es o# in$icators #or s*eci#ic %ector contro!et.o$s' Stu$ies o# i*act on $isease ori$ity re(uire care#u! $esignan$ !arge sa*!es' Costs ust e onitore$ in or$er to $eterine t.ee##iciency an$ cost e##ecti%eness o# an -


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5' Esta!is. t.e ty*e o# $ata 7$escri*ti%e@ nuerica! or !ogica!; nee$e$#or easuring eac. in$icator'


W.ic. institutions or organiations ig.t e in%o!%e$ inonitoring an$ e%a!uation at centra!@ $istrict an$ %i!!age !e%e!s

or ?.at *ur*oses s.ou!$ t.e $ata co!!ecte$ $uring onitoring an$e%a!uation e use$

W.ic. $ata cou!$ e otaine$ #ro sur%ei!!ance an$ ot.er routine$ata co!!ection systes

UNIT 3#, MET%ODS OF EVALUATION

T.e *ur*ose o# e%a!uation is to attriute an oser%e$ e##ect to a*rograe or inter%ention' >s $iscusse$ in unit '4@ e%a!uation o#

anageent as*ects re(uires (ua!itati%e et.o$s@ ?it. inter%ie?sur%eys an$ $escri*tions o# *rocesses an$ interactions et?een*eo*!e' E%a!uation o# t.e i*act o# i*!eentation in t.e #ie!$ on%ectors an$ .ea!t. re(uires a (uantitati%e a**roac. ase$ on scienti#ic*rinci*!es' -n *ractice@ it is $i##icu!t to $eonstrate con%incing!y t.att.e oser%e$ *attern is an e##ect 7e'g' re$uce$ %ector $ensity; or is $ueto natura! %ariation in t.e $ata 7e'g' et?een !ocations or ties;' T.ec.a!!enge is to #i!ter out natura! %ariation an$ s.o? a c!ear e##ect t.atis attriuta!e to t.e inter%ention or strategy'

-n e*erienta! et.o$@ treatent an$ contro! status 7e'g' %i!!ages?it. an$ ?it.out -


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-n a !ongitu$ina! e%a!uation@ easureents taken e#ore t.e inter%ention

7ca!!e$ Qase!ine; an$ a#ter t.e inter%ention are co*are$' T.e $i##erence ist.e e##ect attriuta!e to t.e inter%ention' -n t.is case@ ot.er #actors ig.ta!so .a%e c.ange$ $uring t.e sae *erio$ +3 7e'g' season@ socioeconoic

con$itions;@ an$ t.us t.e oser%e$ e##ect ig.t not e attriuta!e to t.einter%ention a!one'

> coination o# cross"sectiona! 7?it. or ?it.out; an$ !ongitu$ina! 7e#orean$ a#ter; $esigns is t.e ost roust un$er *rograatic con$itions' -n suc.a stu$y@ easureents 7e'g' o# %ector $ensity; are a$e at t.e inter%entionan$ contro! sites e#ore an$ a#ter t.e inter%ention' T.is $esign is ca!!e$Q!ongitu$ina!contro! 7igure +;'

>$$itiona! et.o$o!ogica! as*ects to e consi$ere$ inc!u$e t.e sie o# area

use$ as t.e e*erienta! unit@ ?.ic. ust e !arge enoug. to o%ercoeor$er e##ects #ro t.e surroun$ing area 7e'g' an in#!u o# %ectors #rountreate$ neig.ouring counities or %i!!ages;' T.e nuer o#e*erienta! units s.ou!$ e su##icient to a!!o? statistica! ana!ysis o# t.eresu!ts' E%a!uation ecoes *rogressi%e!y ore $i##icu!t at eac. ste* in t.e.ea!t. i*act o$e! 7see igure );@ ecause at eac. ste* a$$itiona! sourceso# %ariation are a$$e$@ so t.at strong resu!ts are increasing!y rare'Ne%ert.e!ess@ t.e resu!ts otaine$ at eac. !e%e! .e!* e*!ain t.e resu!ts at t.enet !e%e!'

Training o()ecti'e*

Partici*ants ?i!! !earn to $esign a (uantitati%e e%a!uation'

Le'el*

0asic: not re(uire$

-ntere$iate: as in$icate$ >$%ance$: ore so*.isticate$ et.o$s

Re+uirement*

igure +' Sc.eatic re*resentation o# cross"sectiona!@ !ongitu$ina! an$!ongitu$ina!"contro! stu$y $esigns

4' Cross"sectiona! 7?it./?it.out;X

F

)' Longitu$ina! 7e#ore/a#ter; C X

Y*

+' Lon(itu$ina!"contro! Z

F

Y Z

FY*

-@ inter%ention C@ contro!


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Tie re(uire$: + .

A**ignment

4' -n grou*s@ ake a co*re.ensi%e *!an #or e%a!uating t.e i*act o# -


54/59


55/59

%an $en 0erg H@ Mutero CM@ -c.iori J' ;uidance on polic5#aking

on integrated $ector #anage#ent. Aene%a@ Wor!$ Hea!t.Organiation@ )64)'

il$er 8> (WH?C+?WH!@? ;C+!!?2>>.12).WH (2>>*) ;uidelines "or $ector control needs assess#ent.Cairo@ WHO Regiona! O##ice #or t.e Eastern Me$iterranean@ )66'

WH (2>12) Handbook "or integrated $ector #anage#ent.;ene$a, World Health rgani&ation, 2>12.ANNE:# !ARTICI!ANTS IN T%E SECOND IVM 7OR&ING

GROU! MEETING ON CA!ACIT.-$UILDING AND

TRAINING; RTI INTERNATIONAL LTD; 7AS%INGTON DC;

USA; ,re$orces Pest Manageent 0oar$@ Was.ington DC@ US> E"ai!:ark'ea%ersos$'i!

Dr Ko.n 0eier@ De*artent o# E*i$eio!ogy an$ Pu!ic Hea!t.@Center #or A!oa! Hea!t. Sciences@ Mi!!er Sc.oo! o# Me$icine@Uni%ersity o# Miai@ !ori$a@ US> E"ai!:Ieiere$'iai'e$u

Dr Henk %an $en 0erg@


56/59

Dr Ko.n Ait.ure@ -nternationa! Centre o# -nsect P.ysio!ogy an$

Eco!ogy@ Nairoi@ Jenya E"ai!:Igit.ureici*e'orgMs Ceci!ia Hugo@ Eecuti%e Coor$inator@ >sian Co!!aorati%eTraining Net?ork #or Ma!aria@ >CTMa!aria oun$ation@ -nc'@ Ma!ate@Mani!a@ P.i!i**ines E"ai!: ceci!F .ugoacta!aria'net

Dr Jauyo -c.iori@ Ly*.atic i!ariasis E!iination@ Pre%enti%eC.eot.era*y an$ Transission Contro!@ Contro! o# Neg!ecte$Tro*ica! Diseases@ WHO@ Aene%a@ S?iter!an$ E"ai!:ic.iorik?.o'int

Dr P' Kau!inga@ Director@ gency #or -nternationa!De%e!o*ent@ A!oa! Hea!t. 0ureau@ Was.ington DC@ US> E"ai!:ac$ona!$usai$'go%

42 Dr >ra.a Mna%a@ Regiona! >$%iser@


57/59

Dr Doug Norris@ Ma!aria Researc. -nstitute@ Ko.ns Ho*kins Uni%ersity@

0a!tiore@ Maryan$@ US> E"ai!: $norrisI.s*.'e$uDr Maria Pa >$\@ Ma!aria Progra@ Pan >erican Hea!t. [email protected] DC@ US> E"ai!: a$eara**a.o'org

Dr Pra.Iot Sing.@ Ma!aria Progra@ Pan >erican Hea!t. [email protected] DC@ US> E"ai!: sing.*ra*a.o'org

Dr Raan re$ orces Pest Manageent 0oar$@an$ Unite$ States De*artent o# >gricu!ture@ >gricu!tura! Researc. Ser%ice@Mos(uito an$ !y Researc. Unit@ Center #or Me$ica!@ >gricu!tura! an$ E"ai!:gra.a'?.itears'us$a'go%

Dr Kaco Wi!!ias@ Director@ -ntegrate$ E"ai!:Iaco?i!!iasrti'org

Una!e to atten$: Dr Ste%en J' >u!t@ Regiona! >$%iser@ Disease Pre%entionan$ Contro!@ Pan >erican Hea!t. Organiation@ Was.ington DC@ US> DrKo Lines@ Coor$inator@ t!anta@Aeorgia@ US>
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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-ntegrate$ %ector anageent 7-


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Integrated Vector Management =IVM>Vector Ecolog8 and Management=VEM>

De9artment of Control of NeglectedTro9ical Di*ea*e* =NTD>Wor!$ Hea!t. Organiation >%enue>**ia )6@4)44 Aene%a )2@

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