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Improving Human Nutrition with Biotechnology-Derived Soybean Traits
Biofortification ConferenceNovember 9, 2010
Joe CorneliusMonsanto Company
1
Monsanto Confidential
The World Produces 133 MMT of Vegetable Oils 83% is Consumed for Food
Ch
ina
Ind
ia EU
USA
Ind
on
esia
Bra
zil
Ru
ssia
Jap
an
Mex
ico
Turk
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Iran
Mal
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Arg
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Au
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2009 Global Vegetable Oil Consumption in Food
Was 110 MMT
Palm47 MMT
35%
Soybean 40 MMT
30%
Rapeseed19 MMT
14%
Sunflower, 11
Coconut, 3
Cotton, 5Peanut, 5Corn, 2
2009 Global Vegetable Oil Production
2
Improving Soybean Oil Composition Provides Opportunity to Positively Impact US Diets
• Soybean oil is a major component of US dietary oils & fats
• For fried foods, baked goods, and snack products, soybean oil is hydrogenated to increase shelf life and flavor stability
• Partial hydrogenation process creates trans fats
U.S. Edible Oil Consumption (27 Billion lbs)
Soybean(65%)
(16.6 B Lbs)
Coconut
Corn
Cottonseed
Lard
Olive
Palm
Palm Kernel
Peanut
Canola
Safflower
Sunflower
Tallow, edible
2008 Soya & Oilseed Bluebook
Monsanto Confidential
Mono-Unsaturated
(Oleic)
Saturated Fatty Acid(Palmitic)
Nutritional Recommendations and Actual Intake
02468
10121416
Dietary RecommendationsActual Consumption
Poly-Unsaturated (Omega 3/6)
Trans Fat Hydrogenation
(Linolenic)
(% of energy)
We consume too little
We consume too much
Low as possible
Vegetable Oil Consumption Impacts Nutrition
4
Technology Platforms Enable Innovation from Gene to Seed to Food
Genomics
Food & Nutrition
Crop Analytics
Molecular Breeding
Conventional Breeding
Biotechnology
BREEDING
BIOTECHNOLOGY
CropGermplasm
Improved
Seeds
Two R&D pathways linked by shared tools
5Monsanto Confidential5
Vistive® Gold Soybean Oil High Stability, Low Saturated Fat, Zero Trans Fat
Over 12 years development with Processors, Food Co’s and Nutrition Community
OUTPUT TRAIT PRODUCT CONCEPT:• Consumer health (reduce trans fat & saturated fat)• Food product performance (increase oxidative stability)• Sustainable local source (renewable feedstock - food & industrial))
Soybean Oil - Fatty Acid Composition (%)
16:0Palmitic
18:0Stearic
18:1 Oleic
18:2 Linoleic
18:3 Linolenic
Commodity Soybean Oil 11 4 20 55 8
Vistive Gold Soybean Oil* 3 3 74 15 < 3.5
Reduce Saturates(Total 60%, Palm 73%)
Zero TransIncrease StabilityBenefits
Discovery Phase 1Proof of Concept
Phase 2Early Development
Phase 3Adv. Development
Phase 4Pre-Launch
Launch
Monsanto Company Confidential 6
NEW 2010 Dietary Guidelines: Reduce saturated fat from 10% en to 7% en
6
* Target fatty acid composition; final product specification range is contingent upon variety development and environment
6
18:0StearicSaturate
18:1OleicMono
18:2LinoleicOmega 6
FATBThioesterase
16:0PalmiticSaturate
18:3Linolenic
Omega 3FAD2 Δ-12 Desaturase
FAD3 Δ-15 Desaturase
Δ-9 Desaturase
Fatty acidsynthesis
Palmitate(in trigly-cerides)
CONVENTIONAL
NOTE: relative sizes for illustrative purposes only- not proportional to actual composition
Biotechnology + Breeding Enhance Soybean Oil
Reduces Saturated Fatty Acids
Increase MonounsaturatesReduces Polyunsaturates
18:0StearicSaturate
18:1OleicMono
18:2LinoleicOmega 6
FATBThioesterase
16:0PalmiticSaturate
18:3Linolenic
Omega 3
ConventionalBreeding
VISTIVE® GOLD
Reduces 18:3, enabling frying without hydrogenation
Activity Reduced-Biotech (RNAi)
FAD2 Δ-12 Desaturase
FAD3 Δ-15 Desaturase
Vistive Gold Technology in the Seed Lowers Saturated Fat in a Soybean Acre
Each acre of Vistive Gold Soybeans reduces:
•Saturated Fat 60%
•Palmitic Acid 75%
0
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Commodity Soy15% Sat Fat
Palmitic
Palmitic
Stearic
Stearic
Lbs
of
Satu
rate
d F
at /
Acr
e
Vistive Gold Soy 6% Sat Fat
Average annual U.S. per capita consumption of soybean oil is 54 lbs; Average U.S. lifespan is 77.7 years
Monsanto Confidential
Over a persons lifetime Vistive Gold could reduce saturated fat intake 377 LBS
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Vistive Gold Technology in the Seed Increases Soybean Oil Fry Life 77%
CommoditySoybean Acre
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51 HrsCommodity
Oil Fry Life
90 HrsVistive Gold Oil
Fry Life
Hrs
of
Fry
Life
in F
oo
d A
pp
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Vistive GoldSoybean Acre
Monsanto Confidential
French Fries and Fried Chicken
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Nutrition FactsServing Size 114 g
Amount Per Serving
Calories 384 Calories from Fat 183
% daily Value*
Total Fat 20g 31%
Saturated Fat 2.5g
Trans Fat 0g
Nutrition FactsServing Size 114 g
Amount Per Serving
Calories 384 Calories from Fat 183
% daily Value*
Total Fat 20g 31%
Saturated Fat 4g
Trans Fat 1g
French Fry in Partial
Hydrogenated Oil
Vistive Gold Delivers Consumer Nutrition Benefit
• Vistive oil reduced saturated fat 43% and trans fat 98% in french fries
• Vistive oil enables Zero Trans Fat on nutrition facts label
• Food Co’s striving for “Clean Label’s” (no trans-fat, no PHSBO, low saturated fat)
10 10
French Fry Study
French Fry in
Vistive Gold Oil
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Vistive GoldHydrogenatedSource: 2009, Merlin Development and Monsanto
Sat Fat
23.4%
TransFat
15.7%
Trans 0.3%Sat
13.2%
Percent
% Trans & Saturated Fat in French Fries
39.1%
13.5%
Monsanto Confidential
Soybean Oil - Fatty Acid Composition (%)
16:0Palmitic
18:0Stearic
18:1 Oleic
18:2 Linoleic
18:3 Linolenic
18:4ω3Stearidonic
Commodity Soy 11 4 24 52 8 0
SDA Omega 3 Soy* 11 4 20 24 10 20
Soymega Soybean Oil for Food(SDA Omega-3 Enriched Soybeans)
Over 12 years development with Processors, Food Co’s and Nutrition Community
OUTPUT TRAIT PRODUCT CONCEPT:• Consumer nutrition benefit (bioactive omega 3 – heart health)• Improve food product performance (taste and shelf life)• Sustainable source of omega 3 in food (renewable supply – non marine)
Increase Omega-3
Discovery Phase 1Proof of Concept
Phase 2Early Development
Phase 3Adv. Development
Phase 4Pre-Launch
Launch
Monsanto Company Confidential
TM
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* Target fatty acid composition; final product specification range is contingent upon variety development and environment
SDA-Omega 3 Soybean Oil a Better SolutionDietary EPA has been demonstrated in clinical trials to benefit heart health*
* Yokoyama et al. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised openlabel, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 1090–98
Algae Produce EPA
Marine Route to Omega 3 in Human Diet is via Algae and Fish Oil
20:5EPA
Omega 3
18:1OleicMono
18:2Linoleic
Omega 6
18:3ALA
Omega 3
18:4SDA
Omega 3
20:5EPA
Omega 3
20:5EPA
Omega 3
Fish consume algae and deposit
EPA
Humans consume fish and deposit
EPA
Rate limiting step is ALA conversion
to SDA in fish and mammals
18:1OleicMono
18:2Linoleic
Omega 6
18:3ALA
Omega 3
18:4SDA
Omega 3
+ Delta-15
desaturase
+ Delta-6
desaturase
Soybeans Produce SDA
Biotech Route to Omega 3 in Human Diet is via Soybean Oil
(overcomes rate limiting step)
20:5SDA
Omega 3
A wide variety of
foods made with
SDA soy oil
20:5EPA
Omega 3
Humans consume good
tasting SDA foods and
produce their own EPA
12 Monsanto Confidential
Monsanto Confidential
SDA Omega-3 Soybean Oil Clinical Study Confirms Heart Health Benefit
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%E
PA
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ConventionalSoy Oil Diet
EPA Oil Control Diet
SDA Soy Oil Diet
*
*
*Per protocol population of 157 subjects; p<0.001 compared to soy oil control; SDA and EPA not different p=0.101
Presented at: American Heart
Association Scientific Sessions Nov. 14, 2009 by
Dr. William Harris
•SDA is GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe)
•SDA diet more than doubles heart healthy EPA levels compared to commodity soy
• In addition, SDA diet exhibited a significant reduction in triglycerides• 26-30% reduction versus control subjects with high baseline triglycerides
CLINICAL STUDY RESULTS DEMONSTRATE SDA CONVERSION TO HEART HEALTHY EPA
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Mean (+ SEM) for per protocol population of 157 subjects•p<0.001 compared to soy oil control; delta for SDA and EPA not different p=0.101; ANCOVA
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Soymega SDA is Compatible with Food Systems
14 Monsanto Confidential
Soymega flavor profile outperforms
alternative sources of Omega-3
3.5 3.54.0
5.0 5.0
7.5
Control
Soy
SDA
Soy
Flax Algal Fish EncapsulatedFish
0-15 Scale =National Food Laboratory. Nut and Berry Granola Bar Sensory Results. July 2008.
Low Score
= Better
Taste!
Granola Bar Shelf Life Results
Baking
BreadsMuffinsCookies/CrackersPastries/CakesBaked Cereal Bars
Snack Foods
Granola/Cereal BarsNutritional BarsSnacksConfectionery
Prepared Foods
Processed MeatsProcessed FishEntrees/SidesSoups/SaucesPet Foods
Beverages
Soy Milk/SmoothiesFruit Juices/DrinksVegetable Juices/DrinksEnhanced Waters
Dairy Products
Dairy DrinksYogurt/Yogurt DrinksCheese ProductsSour Cream/DipsIce Cream/Frozen DessertsNon Dairy Creamers
Oil Based Foods
Margarine/SpreadsShorteningsMayonnaiseSalad DressingsPeanut Butter
Broad Range of Food ApplicationsExcellent Stability and Clean Neutral Flavor
* Each salmon icon represents 100 servings of fish
Omega-3 Soybeans a Path to Sustainable SupplyJust one acre of Omega-3
SDA- enriched soybeans is equal to~10,000, 3 oz. servings of salmon
Monsanto Company Confidential 151515
Monsanto Confidential
Summary: Improving Human Nutrition with Biotechnology-Derived Soybean Traits
2010 Dietary Guidelines Recommendations• Avoid industrial trans fat
• Substitute with MUFA and PUFA
• Reduce saturated fat in diet• Reduce to less than 7% en.• Substitute with MUFA and PUFA
• Consume LC sources of Omega-3• Two 4 oz. servings of fatty fish/week• Average of 250mg LC PUFA/week
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Soymega™ SDA Omega-3Soybean Oil
Vistive® GoldLow Saturate
High Oleic Low LinolenicSoybean Oil