Coronavirus Submitted to : Dr: Entesar al-Suhabani

Done by: Nora al-kahtani Hend al-subaiSumaiah al-ghamdi

Index:Classification

Characteristics

Structure

Infection

Laboratory Diagnosis

Replication

Diseases caused by coronaviruses

Classification: Family: Coronaviridae

• Gender: Coronavirus

• Genome: linear single-stranded RNA +

• pleomorphic, Wrapped

• 80 to 220 nm

• 30 serotypes

: CharacteristicsSpherical or helical.

60-200 nm. in diameter.

Total RNA without segmentation, positive sense.

Surface antigens are glycoproteins and nucleoproteins internally.

Glycoproteins were characterized:

E1. Transmembrane.

E2. Adhesion to the cell membrane.

Characteristics:Protein S. Form projected responsible for stimulating

neutralizing antibody and interaction with cellular receptors.

Bind to cells via specific receptors.

Enter through membrane fusion.

In the cytoplasm, the viral RNA is translated by the host

machinery.

Viral proteins are synthesized, assembled, are fused to the

cell membrane and the virus out.

Characteristics:

S – spike (receptor binding cell fusion).

E – envelope (small: envelope protein, not as abundant as S).

M – membrane protein (transmembrane budding and envelope formation)

The cover consists of two viral glycoprotein structures S and M

S glycoprotein is richly glycosylated, high weight

molecular and is located in the outer membrane of

envelope and is responsible for the bulging projections

(peplomers) characterizing the coronaviridae, which

used as ligands in membrane fusion.

Structure:

The M glycoprotein (matrix protein) is a molecule

transmembrane and is located on the inside of the cover.

Another important protein structure is the (nucleoprotein), responsible for the helical symmetry

Nucleo capsid including the genomic RNA

Structure:

Diagram of Coronavirus Virion

S

A picture of a coronavirus

as seen through an “electron

microscope”

They are transmitted by aerosols secretions

respiratory.

It has an incubation period of 2 days to a

week, eliminating virus for one week.

Infection:

Infection:The virus replicates in the cytoplasm of the cell host, mend in the endoplasmic reticulum and pass the Golgi cisternae until they are finally released by exocytose.

Are responsible for up to 15% of colds, taking more often in the winter and beginning of the spring with a characteristic periodicity of 2-4 years

:Replication

Replication of Coronavirus begins with entry to the cell which takes place in the cytoplasm.

entry to the cell the virus particle is uncoated and the RNA genome is deposited into the cytoplasm.

Coronavirus have single positive strand RNA genome, they can directly produce their protein and new genome in the cytoplasm

The Coronavirus genome has a 5’ methylated cap and a 3’polyadenylated tail. This allows the RNA to attach to ribosomes for translation.

Coronaviruses also have a protein known as a replicas that makes negative strand that can be used as template to make more mRNA copies.

This negative strand serves for replication of new positive strand RNA genome mRNA code for new viral proteins including (N,M and S).

:Replication

The protein N binds genomic RNA and the protein M is integrated into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticular(ER), protein S after binding, assembled nucleo- capsids with helical twisted RNA budding into the ER lumen and are encased with membrane.These viral progeny are finally transported by Golgi vesicles to the cell membrane and exocytosis.

:Replication

Replication:

:Replication

Diseases caused by coronaviruses

Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. Six different currently known strains of coronaviruses infect humans.

The most recently publicized human coronavirus, SARS-CoV which causes SARS, has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and can also cause gastroenteritis.

Coronaviruses can even cause pneumonia, either direct

viral pneumonia or a secondary bacterial pneumonia.

Laboratory DiagnosisELISA PCR

Reference file:///C:/Users/samsungi7/Downloads/1ADENOVIRUS-coronavirus%20micro%202013.pdf

http://hubpages.com/hub/The-Coronavirus-Health-Effects-and-Disease#