??
??
???
Bear Mountains Fault Melones Fault
Calaveras
Shoo Fly
Fault
Sonora Fault
?
?
??
Z378
Z314
Z140
Z140
Z204
Z196
Z164
Z193
Z140
Z168
Z205
Z162
Z162 Z159
Z423
Z388 Z409Z385
Z368Z385
Z385Z164
Z163
Z162
Z163
Z165
Z162
Z166
Z304
Z177Z216
Z170 Z162
Z280
Z173
Z164
Z190Z199
Z198
Z148
Z151
Z162
Z166
Z182
Z200Z196
Z116Z163
Z150
Z147
Z149
Z88
Z86
Z103
Z146
Z138
Z96
Z117
Z151
Z151
Z118
Z112
Z97
Z98
Z123
Z100
Z100 Z93
Z98
Z91
Z105
Z108
Z111Z115
Z111
Z76
Z99
Z114
Z115
Z124Z110
Z103
Z90
Z113
Z102
Z112Z93
Z116
Z93
Z104
Z88
Z93
Z88
Z90
Z199
Z214
Z161Z90
Z161
Z89
Z169 Z207
Z202
Z172
Z168
Z167
Z95
Z167
Z155
Z198
Z158
Z163
Z103Z164
Z181
Z148
Z174
Z174
Z156
Z186
Z161
Z169
Z154 Z149
Z~132
Z~116
Z~119
Z~102
Z~108
Z~113
Z~210
Z~210
Z~201
Z~160
Z120
Z130Z110
Z125Z117
Z118
Z124Z120
Z270-305Z191-225
Z168
Z118
Z270-305
Z118
Z270-305
Z115
Z102
Z116
Z120
Z115Z150-190Z190-225
Z190-305
Z157Z170
Z169
Z98Z125Z154
Z121
Z120
Z114
Z100
Z97Z101
Z100
Z100
Z102
Z113
Z102
Z112Z111Z114
Z111Z112 Z106 Z128
Z110
Z110 Z86
Z99Z108
Z97
Z97
Z103Z103
Z165Z112
Z115
Z100Z91
Z83Z87
Z85
Z108
Z104
Z98
Z98
Z159
Z170
Z152
Z125
Z94
Z86
Z97
Z98
Z100
Z143
Z150
Z207Z209
Z168
Z159
Z161
Z158
Z163
Z142
Z133
Z170
Z175
Z~165
Z160
Z166
Z141 Z142
Z128
Z159
Z159
Z159
Z142
Z142
Z97
?
Z286
Gibson Pk
Granite Pk
Monument Pk
Walker PointZ~169
Orleans Mtn
Youngs Pk
Antelope Mtn Quartzite
White RockZ 156
Wimer
JacksonvilleZ 154
GreybackZ~160
Grants PassZ 139
Chetco complexZ~155-160
Squaw Mtn
Z~160
Gold HillZ 148
Z 174AshlandZ~161
Buckskin PeakH 148
Thompson RidgeZ 162
Coon Mtn complexZ 142 & 145
Bear Mtncomplex Slinkard
Z 162
Vesa BluffsH 165
Summit Valley Z 150
Pony PeakZ 146
Wooley CreekZ 162
Heather LakeH 167
SkookumGulchZ ~567
Somes BarZ 193-208
Z 149Z 153
Yellow Butteh 138
Russian PeakZ~159
Craggy Pkb 136
Forks of SalmonZ ~174
English PkZ~160-164
Deadman PkZ 141-145
Castle CragsRb/Sr 162.5+/-11.5
ChinaCreek
Caribou MtnH 138
Canyon CrZ141-145z 160-170
Horseshoe Lakeb 133
Sugar Pine h 137
Denny complexZ ~168
East Forkh 149b 164
PorcupineLake Z 404
Bonanza King Z 431
China MtnZ 415
Z 149
C P gabbroH 418 &439
Pit River StkZ 260
Mule Mtn Z 400Shasta Bally
Z 136
Price Creek Z ~170
Pigeon Pointh 169 & 171
Ironside MtnZ 170
AmmonRidgeZ 147-151
Saddle Gulchh 189
Glen CreekZ 147-151
Bear WallowZ 193
WildwoodZ 169
Basin GulchZ 170
BeegumZ 207
White RockZ 193
Star MtnZ 198
Hogback Mtnp~167
Kettle Mtnp~120-130
Mono Lake
Bishop
YosemiteVillage
San Andreas fault
Bakersfield
Fresno
Merced
Auburn
Chico
Marysville
Truckee
FeatherRiver Inn
LakeTahoe
Almanor
L.
Susanville
Bridgeport
Lone Pine
Visalia
Mojave
Quincy
Garlock
fault
Redding
Yreka
Medford
Red Bluff
Kaweah ophiolitic melange
Kings River ophiolite
Tuolumne ophiolitic melange
Bear Mountains ophiolitic melange
Somerset
Standard
Coloma
PineHill
Penryn
YubaRivers
SwedeFlat
BaldRock
Merrimac
Cascade
Concow
GrizzlyBucksLake
WolfCreek
HaypressCreek
BowmanLake
EmigrantGap
PLUTONIC ROCKS, divided into:
Sierra Nevada batholith; mainly 125 Ma to 82 Ma; mid-Early
~140 Ma (U/Pb); early Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
~150 Ma (U/Pb); late Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)
~160 Ma (U/Pb); early Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)
~170 Ma (U/Pb); late Middle Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian)
~200 Ma (U/Pb); mid-Early Jurassic (Sinemurian)
Greater than ~370 Ma (U/Pb); Late Devonian or older
U/Pb date not available, or conflicting data
If Ichthyosaur fossil locality (Triassic)
T Tethyan fossil fauna (Permian) in limestone blocks in Eastern Hayfork terrane,
Mc McCloud fossil fauna (Permian)
If
Scale 1:1,000,000
Mc
Mc
McRAS
T
T
T
T
If
Dated intrusive (age color) of small or unknown extent,
Z151 Sample locality, with "Z" indicating zircon, followed by U/Pb age (Ma): In the Klamath Mountains, "H" indicates 40 Ar/39Ar age measured on hornblende; "h" indicates K/Ar on hornblende; "b" indicates K/Ar on biotite; "p" indicates K/Ar on plagioclase; and "R" indicates Rb/Sr on whole rock: U/Pb dates are correlated with the geologic time scale of Palmer and Geissman (1999)
DP
DP
ML
ARAR
MA
ML
ML
CQ
LCLC
FC
AR
FrC
AR
FC
FC
SC
SC
FC
FC
SC
CV
CV
CV
MM
M
M
TOM
Guadalupe
SUPERJACENT ROCKS
Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks; locally present but not shown in much of central Sierra Nevada
Cretaceous overlap assemblages, including Hornbrook Formation (Kh), Chico Formation (Kc), and the Cretaceous part of the Great Valley sequence (Kgv).
SUBJACENT ROCKS OF KLAMATH MOUNTAINS
Nor
ther
n Si
erra
terr
ane
Soda Ravine terrane; slaty argillite with tectonic blocks of Permian and Late Triassic limestone
Butt Valley subterrane; thrust block of Taylor Fm. and Late Triassic conglomerate and limestone
Taylorsville sequence: Late Devonian to Pennsylvanian; depositional on Shoo Fly complex; includes
Jurassic volcanic arc units: Early to Middle Jurassic; includes Kettlerock and Mt. Jura sequences,
Calaveras terrane; late Paleozoic and/or Triassic chert-argillite melange
Central belt: Includes Fiddle Creek terrane (FC), Slate Creek terrane (SC), Lake Combie terrane (LC) American River terrane (AR), Mount Ararat terrane (MA), Cool Quarry terrane (CQ), French Creek terrane (FrC), Mother Lode terrane (ML), Tuolumne ophiolitic melange (TOM), Jasper Point and Penon Blanco Fms. and unassigned serpentiniferous melange
Smartville complex (including Pine Hill complex)
Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary rocks
Red Ant Schist; Triassic(?) metamorphic age
Roof pendants in Sierra Nevada batholith
Kings-Kaweah ophiolitic melange of Saleeby and Sharp (1980)
Don Pedro terrane; pre-Jurassic melange overlain by Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary rocks
Feather River terrane: mostly serpentinized peridotite and related ultramafic and mafic rocks; includes Devils Gate ophiolite (vertical pattern)
Foot
hills
bel
t
Mainly slaty sedimentary rocks of the Upper Jurassic Mariposa Fm and similar rocks; upper Oxfordian and lower M
Permian volcanic arc sequence; includes Goodhue, Arlington, and Reeves Fms.
Late Jurassic fossil locality; mainly late Oxfordian to early Kimmeridgian Buchia concentrica and Callovian to early Kimmeridgian ammonites (Diller, 1907; Imlay, 1959 and 1961; red localities from S.A. Paterson, written commun., 2001)
Kimmeridgian; interfinger with and overlie upper part of Logtown Ridge Fm and similar volcanics; depositional
and Tuttle Lake and Sailor Canyon Fms.
Grizzly, Sierra Buttes, Taylor and Peale Fms.; pattern also includes small areas of rocks (labeled LT) of
Late Triassic Pit Fm. and Hosselkus Limestone (small uncolored area at eastern If locality)
Kc
Kc
Kc
Kc
Terrane boundary
Cretaceous (Hauterivian) to mid-Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
or east of Sierra Nevada
on older Jurassic volcanic formations and melange(?); locally contain ammonites and Buchia concentrica; generally
~130 Ma (U/Pb); mid-Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian)
Plutonic rocks east and south of Sierra Nevada
Mesozoic to Precambrian sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks
Sheet 1: Map showing accreted terranes and plutons of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada
Compiled by William P. Irwin2002
EXPLANATION OF MAP UNITS
Red
din
g su
bter
rane
Trinity subterrane: Mostly serpentinized peridotite; intruded by Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic plagiogranite and gabbro; locally overlain by patches of mafic volcanic rocks
Yreka subterrane: includes early Paleozoic Gazelle Fm., Moffett Creek Fm., Duzel Phyllite, schist of Skookum Gulch (which includes blocks of Early Cambrian plutonic rock), and the Antelope Mountain Quartzite (dark overprint) of late Neoproterozoic age (Lindsley-Griffin and others, 2002)
Eas
tern
Kla
mat
h te
rran
e
Central Metamorphic terrane; Devonian metamorphic rocks; includes Abrams Mica Schist and Salmon Hornblende Schist, and unnamed rocks in the Yreka-Scott Valley area
Fort Jones terrane (aka Stuart Fork terrane); Triassic(?) metamorphic age
North Fork terrane
Eastern Hayfork subterrane
Western Hayfork subterrane
Undivided Hayfork terrane and correlative(?) rocks in OregonH
ayfo
rk te
rran
e
Rattlesnake Creek terrane
Condrey Mountain terrane; schistose metasediments, amphibolite,
May Creek terrane; schistose metasedimentary rocks and amphibolite;
Western Klamath terrane; includes Smith River, Rogue Valley, Dry Butte, and Briggs Creek subterranes
T
Mc
Mc
If
TT
DGORAS
DGO
Early Triassic conodont locality in Calaveras Fm. (Bateman and others, 1985)
Kh
Kgv
Kgv
SUBJACENT ROCKS OF SIERRA NEVADA
Jurassic volcanic arc sequence: Early to Middle Jurassic; includes Potem Fm., Bagley Andesite, and Arvison Fm.
Triassic units include: Modin Fm., Brock Shale, Hosselkus Limestone , and Pit Fm.
Permian arc sequence includes: Bully Hill Rhyolite, Dekkas Andesite, Nosoni Fm., McCloud Limestone, and upper part of Baird Fm.Bragdon Formation: Mississippian age poorly constrained; probably unconformable on underlying early Paleozoic arcEarly Paleozoic arc sequence: Middle Devonian and older; includes Kennett Fm., Balaklala Rhyolite, and Copley Greenstone
This map combines and modifies two Open-File maps (OF 99-374; KlamathMountains: and OF 01-299; Sierra Nevada) that had been compiled and modified mainly from Jennings (1977), Harwood (1992), Irwin (1994), Jayko (1988), Graymer and Jones (1994), Edelman and Sharp (1989), Schweickert and others (1999), Saucedo and Wagner (1992), Saleeby and Sharp (1980), and Wagner and others (1981), but also various other sources. For detailed lists of sources for the isotopic age data see Irwin and Wooden (1999 and 2001). Isotopic age data for the Klamath Mountains are from Albers and others (1981), Everenden and Kistler (1970), Fraticelli and others (1985), Gray (1985), Hacker and Ernst (1993), Harper and others (1994), Hotz (1971), Kistler (1999), Lanphere and Jones (1978), Lanphere and others (1968), Lanphere in Irwin (1985), Renne (1987), Saleeby and Harper (1993), Saleeby and others (1982), Wallin (1990), Wallin and Metcalf (1998), Wooden in Irwin and Wooden (1999), Wright (1981), Wright and Fahan (1988), and Yule (1996). The isotopic age data for the Sierra Nevada are from Bateman (1992), Chen and Moore (1979; 1982), Edelman and others (1989), Girty and others (1995), Guglielmo (1993), Saleeby (1982), Saleeby and Berman (1979), Saleeby and Sharp (1979; 1980), Saleeby and others (1987a; 1987b; 1987c; 1989a; 1989c), Stern and others (1981), Wooden and others (1999), and Wooden in Irwin and Wooden (2001).
M
RAS
CV
DP
}} }
}}
---------------Probable equivalents of the Central Metamorphic terrane occur locally as micaceous, feldspathic, and amphibolitic schists along the Feather River terrane (Hacker and Peacock, 1990)
and blueschist; probably pre-Late Jurassic
cut by ~160 Ma plutons
Galice Fm.; mildly slaty argillite and graywacke of the Smith River and Rogue Valley subterranes; locally contains Buchia concentrica;correlative with Mariposa Fm.
Shoo Fly Complex; includes four thrust slices of Ordovician(?) to pre-Late Devonian rocks; the structurally lowest slice (dark overprint where mapped by D'Allura and others (1977)) is the Lang sequence, which ismainly quartzite and pelite and may be correlative with the Neoproterozoic Antelope Mountain Quartzite
CORRELATION OF THE KLAMATH MOUNTAINS AND SIERRA NEVADA
c
c
cc
folded and faulted into rocks of the Central belt and western Foothills belt
Cold Fork Flt
Coast R
ange Flt
South Fork Flt
SUBJACENT ROCKS EAST AND SOUTH OF SIERRA NEVADA
Complex
the Lake Tahoe sequence of probable Devonian, Mississippian, and Jurassic ages
LT
LT
LTLT
Note: Colored volcanic pattern is shown only on dominantly volcanic units of the above stratigraphic columns
Central belt melange, and Kaweah ophiolitic melange
PLUTONIC ROCKS, divided into:
Sierra Nevada batholith; mainly 125 Ma to 82 Ma; mid-Early
~140 Ma (U/Pb); early Early Cretaceous (Berriasian)
~150 Ma (U/Pb); late Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian)
~160 Ma (U/Pb); early Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)
~170 Ma (U/Pb); late Middle Jurassic (Bathonian-Callovian)
~200 Ma (U/Pb); mid-Early Jurassic (Sinemurian)
Greater than ~370 Ma (U/Pb); Late Devonian or older
U/Pb date not available, or conflicting data
If Ichthyosaur fossil locality (Triassic)
T Tethyan fossil fauna (Permian) in limestone blocks in Eastern Hayfork terrane,
Mc McCloud fossil fauna (Permian)
10 0 20 40 60 80 100 Kilometers
Scale 1:1,000,000
10 0 20 40 60 80 Miles
Dated intrusive (age color) of small or unknown extent,
Z151 Sample locality, with "Z" indicating zircon, followed by U/Pb age (Ma): In the Klamath Mountains, "H" indicates 40 Ar/39Ar age measured on hornblende; "h" indicates K/Ar on hornblende; "b" indicates K/Ar on biotite; "p" indicates K/Ar on plagioclase; and "R" indicates Rb/Sr on whole rock: U/Pb dates are correlated with the geologic time scale of Palmer and Geissman (1999)
SUPERJACENT ROCKS
Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks; locally present but not shown in much of central Sierra Nevada
Cretaceous overlap assemblages, including Hornbrook Formation (Kh), Chico Formation (Kc), and the Cretaceous part of the Great Valley sequence (Kgv).
SUBJACENT ROCKS OF KLAMATH MOUNTAINS
Nor
ther
n Si
erra
terr
ane
Soda Ravine terrane; slaty argillite with tectonic blocks of Permian and Late Triassic limestone
Butt Valley subterrane; thrust block of Taylor Fm. and Late Triassic conglomerate and limestone
Taylorsville sequence: Late Devonian to Pennsylvanian; depositional on Shoo Fly complex; includes
Jurassic volcanic arc units: Early to Middle Jurassic; includes Kettlerock and Mt. Jura sequences,
Calaveras terrane; late Paleozoic and/or Triassic chert-argillite melange
Central belt: Includes Fiddle Creek terrane (FC), Slate Creek terrane (SC), Lake Combie terrane (LC) American River terrane (AR), Mount Ararat terrane (MA), Cool Quarry terrane (CQ), French Creek terrane (FrC), Mother Lode terrane (ML), Tuolumne ophiolitic melange (TOM), Jasper Point Fm. (JP), Penon Blanco Fm. (PB), and unassigned serpentiniferous melange
Smartville complex (including Pine Hill complex)
Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary rocks
Red Ant Schist; Triassic(?) metamorphic age
Roof pendants in Sierra Nevada batholith
Kings-Kaweah ophiolitic melange of Saleeby and Sharp (1980)
Don Pedro terrane; pre-Jurassic melange overlain by Jurassic volcanic and sedimentary rocks
Feather River terrane: mostly serpentinized peridotite and related ultramafic and mafic rocks; includes Devils Gate ophiolite (vertical pattern)
Foot
hills
bel
t
Mainly slaty sedimentary rocks of the Upper Jurassic Mariposa Fm and similar rocks; upper Oxfordian and lower M
Permian volcanic arc sequence; includes Goodhue, Arlington, and Reeves Fms.
Late Jurassic fossil locality; mainly late Oxfordian to early Kimmeridgian Buchia concentrica and Callovian to early Kimmeridgian ammonites (Diller, 1907; Imlay, 1959 and 1961; red localities from S.A. Paterson, written commun., 2001)
Kimmeridgian; interfinger with and overlie upper part of Logtown Ridge Fm and similar volcanics; depositional
and Tuttle Lake and Sailor Canyon Fms.
Grizzly, Sierra Buttes, Taylor and Peale Fms.; pattern also includes small areas of rocks (labeled LT) of
Late Triassic Pit Fm. and Hosselkus Limestone (small uncolored area at eastern If locality)
Terrane boundary
Cretaceous (Hauterivian) to mid-Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
or east of Sierra Nevada
on older Jurassic volcanic formations and melange(?); locally contain ammonites and Buchia concentrica; generally
~130 Ma (U/Pb); mid-Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian)
Plutonic rocks east and south of Sierra Nevada
Mesozoic to Precambrian sedimentary, volcanic, and metamorphic rocks
Sheet 1: Map showing accreted terranes and plutons of the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada
Compiled by William P. Irwin2003
EXPLANATION OF MAP UNITS
Red
din
g su
bter
rane
Trinity subterrane: Mostly serpentinized peridotite; intruded by Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic plagiogranite and gabbro; locally overlain by patches of mafic volcanic rocks
Yreka subterrane: includes early Paleozoic Gazelle Fm., Moffett Creek Fm., Duzel Phyllite, schist of Skookum Gulch (which includes blocks of Early Cambrian plutonic rock), and the Antelope Mountain Quartzite (dark overprint) of late Neoproterozoic age (Lindsley-Griffin and others, 2002)
Eas
tern
Kla
mat
h te
rran
e
Central Metamorphic terrane; Devonian metamorphic rocks; includes Abrams Mica Schist and Salmon Hornblende Schist, and unnamed rocks in the Yreka-Scott Valley area
Fort Jones terrane (aka Stuart Fork terrane); Triassic(?) metamorphic age
North Fork terrane
Eastern Hayfork subterrane
Western Hayfork subterrane
Undivided Hayfork terrane and correlative(?) rocks in OregonH
ayfo
rk te
rran
e
Rattlesnake Creek terrane
Condrey Mountain terrane; schistose metasediments, amphibolite,
May Creek terrane; schistose metasedimentary rocks and amphibolite;
Western Klamath terrane; includes Smith River, Rogue Valley, Dry Butte, and Briggs Creek subterranes
DGO
Early Triassic conodont locality in Calaveras Fm. (Bateman and others, 1985)
SUBJACENT ROCKS OF SIERRA NEVADA
Jurassic volcanic arc sequence: Early to Middle Jurassic; includes Potem Fm., Bagley Andesite, and Arvison Fm.
Triassic units include: Modin Fm., Brock Shale, Hosselkus Limestone , and Pit Fm.
Permian arc sequence includes: Bully Hill Rhyolite, Dekkas Andesite, Nosoni Fm., McCloud Limestone, and upper part of Baird Fm.Bragdon Formation: Mississippian age poorly constrained; probably unconformable on underlying early Paleozoic arcEarly Paleozoic arc sequence: Middle Devonian and older; includes Kennett Fm., Balaklala Rhyolite, and Copley Greenstone
This map combines and modifies two Open-File maps (OF 99-374; KlamathMountains: and OF 01-299; Sierra Nevada) that had been compiled and modified mainly from Jennings (1977), Harwood (1992), Irwin (1994), Jayko (1988), Graymer and Jones (1994), Edelman and Sharp (1989), Schweickert and others (1999), Saucedo and Wagner (1992), Saleeby and Sharp (1980), and Wagner and others (1981and 1991), and various other sources. For detailed lists of sources for the isotopic age data see Irwin and Wooden (1999 and 2001). Isotopic age data for the Klamath Mountains are from Albers and others (1981), Everenden and Kistler (1970), Fraticelli and others (1985), Gray (1985), Hacker and Ernst (1993), Harper and others (1994), Hotz (1971), Kistler (1999), Lanphere and Jones (1978), Lanphere and others (1968), Lanphere in Irwin (1985), Renne (1987), Saleeby and Harper (1993), Saleeby and others (1982), Wallin (1990), Wallin and Metcalf (1998), Wooden in Irwin and Wooden (1999), Wright (1981), Wright and Fahan (1988), and Yule (1996). The isotopic age data for the Sierra Nevada are from Bateman (1992), Chen and Moore (1979; 1982), Edelman and others (1989), Girty and others (1995), Guglielmo (1993), Saleeby (1982), Saleeby and Berman (1979), Saleeby and Sharp (1979; 1980), Saleeby and others (1987a; 1987b; 1987c; 1989a; 1989c), Stern and others (1981), Wooden and others (1999), and Wooden in Irwin and Wooden (2001).
M
RAS
CV
DP
}} }
}}
---------------Probable equivalents of the Central Metamorphic terrane occur locally as micaceous, feldspathic, and amphibolitic schists along the Feather River terrane (Hacker and Peacock, 1990)
and blueschist; probably pre-Late Jurassic
cut by ~160 Ma plutons
Galice Fm.; mildly slaty argillite and graywacke of the Smith River and Rogue Valley subterranes; locally contains Buchia concentrica;correlative with Mariposa Fm.
124° 122° 120°
M O D O C P L A T E A U
C O A
S T R A N
G E S
S A L I N I A N B L O C K
G R E A
T V A
L L E Y
K L A
M A
T H
M T N
S
S I E R R
A N
E V A
D A
S a n A n d r e a s F a u l t
42°
40°
38°
36°
OREGON
CALIFORNIA
NEVADA
P A C
I F I C O
C E A
N
Medford
EurekaRedding
Chico
San Francisco
Sacramento
Bakersfield
Shoo Fly Complex; includes four thrust slices of Ordovician(?) to pre-Late Devonian rocks; the structurally lowest slice (dark overprint where mapped by D'Allura and others (1977)) is the Lang sequence, which ismainly quartzite and pelite and may be correlative with the Neoproterozoic Antelope Mountain Quartzite
CORRELATION OF THE KLAMATH MOUNTAINS AND SIERRA NEVADA
c
cc
c
folded and faulted into rocks of the Central belt and western Foothills belt
B A S I N A N D R A N G E
SUBJACENT ROCKS EAST AND SOUTH OF SIERRA NEVADA
the Lake Tahoe sequence of probable Devonian, Mississippian, and Jurassic ages
Note: Colored volcanic pattern is shown only on dominantly volcanic units of the above stratigraphic columns
Central belt melange, and Kaweah ophiolitic melange
South Fork Flt Coast R
ange Flt
JP
PB
This map is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use oftrade, product,or firm names in this report is for descriptive uses only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
120
39
119
38
118
117
37
36
11735
118
119
121
40
122
124123
4242
41
40
4343124
41
123
ALBIAN
APTIAN
BARREMIAN
HAUTERIVIAN
VALANGINIAN
BERRIASIAN
MAASTRICHTIAN
CAMPANIAN
CENOMANIAN
TITHONIAN
KIMMERIDGIANOXFORDIAN
CALLOVIANBATHONIANBAJOCIAN
AALENIAN
TOARCIAN
PLIENSBACHIAN
SINEMURIAN
HETTANGIAN
NORIAN
CARNIAN
LADINIAN
ANISIAN
OLENEKIAN
GIVETIAN
EIFELIAN
EMSIAN
FAMENNIAN
FRASNIAN
SANTON./CONIAC.TURONIAN
65 Ma
99.0
144
161
180
206
227
245
290
323
364
412
Separation episode
Western Klamath episode
Rattlesnake Creek episode
Western Hayfork episode
Eastern Hayfork episode
North Fork episode
Fort Jones episode
Central Metamorphic episode
DE
VO
NIA
NM
ISS.
PEN
N.
TR
IASS
ICJU
RA
SSIC
CR
ETA
CE
OU
SPE
RM
IAN
Ear
lyM
idd
leL
ate
Ear
lyL
EM
Lat
eE
arly
Mid
dle
Lat
eE
arly
Lat
e
112
121
127
132
137
150154
164
169
176
190
195
202
221
380
400
391
370
242
234
93.589.0
83.5
71.3
Copley Greenstone
Balaklala Rhyolite
Kennett Fm.
Bragdon Fm.
Baird Fm.
McCloud Limestone
Nosoni Fm.Dekkas Andesite
Pit Fm.
Brock Shale
Hosselkus Limestone
Modin Fm.
Arvison Fm.
Bagley Andesite
Potem Fm.
Bully Hill Rhyo.
and
Swearinger Slate
Hosselkus LimestonePit Fm.
Reeve Fm.Goodhue Fm.
Arlington Fm.
PEA
LE
FM Chert
mbr
Lower mbrTaylor Fm
Sierra Buttes Fm.Grizzly Fm
Shoo FlyComplex
?? ? ??
REDDING SUBTERRANE
STRATIGRAPHY OF
STRATIGRAPHYOF
NORTHERN SIERRATERRANE
? ? ?
SILURIAN AND OLDER
? ? ??
70 Ma
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
70 Ma
80
90
110
120
130
140
150
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
Taylorsville sequence
Permian volcanicarc sequence
Triassic sequence
Jurassic volcanicarc units
Kettlerock and Mt. Jura sequences, and Tuttle Lake andSailor Canyon Formations
}}
}
}
}Histogram of dated plutonism in Klamath Mountains Histogram of dated plutonism
in Sierra Nevada
Sierra Nevada Batholith
100
160 (after Harwood, 1992)
Geologic Time Scale is after Palmer and Geissman (1983) except for ages of boundaries from Callovian to Tithonian which are after Pessagno and Blome (1990)
RHAETIAN 210
248INDUANTATARIAN
ARTINSKIAN
SAKMARIAN
ASSELIAN
GZELIAN
KASIMOVIAN
MOSCOVIAN
BASHKIRIAN
SERPUKHOVIAN
VISEAN
TOURNAISIAN
UFIMAN-KAZANIAN
252256
KUNGURIAN 260
269
282
296
303
311
327
342
354
PRAGHIAN
LOCKHOVIAN417
Ultramafic and ~160 Ma granitoid rx
Rand Schist
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SHEET 1 0F 2U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
OPEN-FILE REPORT 02-490
Shoo Fly Complex
Oceanic subduction complex
Fea
ther
Riv
erte
rran
e
Permian-Tr
iassic
oceanic
subducti
on complex
Permian
volcanic arc
sequence
Taylo
rsville
sequence Shoo Fly Complex
Shoo Fly Complex
Shoo Fly Complex
Shoo Fly Complex
Shoo Fly Complex
Shoo Fly Complex
Shoo Fly Complex
Proto Calaveras terrane
Red
Ant
Sch
ist
Fea
ther
Riv
er te
rran
e
Cen
tral
belt
?
??
Bear Mountains Fault
Mel
ones
Fau
lt
CalaverasSho
o Fly
faul
t
Sonor
a Fa
ult
?
?
??
?
?
?
Calaveras terrane
Calaveras terrane
Calave
ras
terra
ne
Calave
ras
terra
ne
Calave
ras
terra
ne
Calave
ras
terra
ne
Oceanic subduction complex
Early Jurassic volcanic arc
Middle Jurassic volcanic arc
Middle Jurassic volcanic arc
Don P
edro
terra
ne
Don P
edro
terra
ne
Don P
edro
terra
ne
Cal
aver
as
terra
ne
Cal
aver
as
terra
ne
Cal
aver
as
terra
ne
Cal
aver
as
terra
ne
Cal
aver
as
terra
ne
Son
ora
Faul
t
Mel
ones
Fau
lt
SE
PAR
ATIO
N (
aka
PIC
KE
TT
PE
AK
) E
PIS
OD
E
Man
y re
gion
al te
cton
ic e
lem
ents
rel
atin
g to
this
tim
e fr
ame
are
com
plex
and
con
trov
ersi
al
(see
Dic
kins
on a
nd o
ther
s, 1
996;
and
God
frey
and
Kle
mpe
rer,
1998
) an
d th
e ca
use
of th
e ~
140
Ma
plut
onis
m is
not
cle
ar. P
erha
ps th
e pl
uton
ism
is e
vide
nce
of a
sub
duct
ion
zone
now
bur
ied
in th
e G
reat
V
alle
y or
eve
r fu
rthe
r w
est a
long
the
Coa
st R
ange
Oph
iolit
e-Fr
anci
scan
bou
ndar
y. T
he ~
140
Ma
plut
ons
of th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns w
ere
mor
e cl
osel
y al
igne
d N
-S w
ith th
ose
of th
e S
ierr
a N
evad
a pr
ior
to
sepa
ratio
n of
the
two
prov
ince
s. T
he K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns b
lock
mov
ed w
este
rly a
long
the
tren
d of
the
Col
d F
ork
faul
t (se
e B
lake
and
oth
ers,
199
9). D
urin
g th
is le
ft-la
tera
l mov
emen
t, th
e G
reat
Val
ley
over
lap
sequ
ence
was
dep
osite
d on
the
Kla
mat
h bl
ock.
The
sou
thw
este
rn p
art o
f the
seq
uenc
e on
the
Kla
mat
h bl
ock
is a
s ol
d as
Val
angi
nian
. To
the
nort
heas
t, w
here
it u
ncon
form
ably
ove
rlies
the
eros
iona
l sur
face
of
the
136
Ma
Sha
sta
Bal
ly B
atho
lith,
it is
Hau
teriv
ian.
In c
ontr
ast,
the
sout
h si
de o
f the
Col
d F
ork
faul
t is
the
Eld
er C
reek
terr
ane
whi
ch c
onsi
sts
of th
e no
rth-
tren
ding
Coa
st R
ange
oph
iolit
e an
d th
e ov
erly
-in
g st
rata
of t
he G
reat
Val
ley
sequ
ence
on
the
east
. The
low
er p
art o
f the
Gre
at V
alle
y se
quen
ce a
few
m
iles
sout
h of
the
faul
t is
Upp
er J
uras
sic
and
is c
lear
ly m
uch
olde
r th
an th
e ~
140
Ma
plut
ons.
On
both
si
des
of th
e fa
ult,
the
stra
ta o
f the
Gre
at V
alle
y se
quen
ce a
re s
ucce
ssiv
ely
youn
ger
up-s
ectio
n to
the
east
unt
il th
ey a
re T
uron
ian
in a
ge o
n bo
th s
ides
of t
he fa
ult a
nd a
re c
once
aled
to th
e ea
st b
y Te
ham
a F
m. (
Plio
cene
). O
n th
e w
est,
Fran
cisc
an r
ocks
wer
e su
bduc
ted
bene
ath
the
Wes
tern
Kla
mat
h an
d E
lder
Cre
ek te
rran
es, d
evel
opin
g th
e bl
uesc
hist
faci
es P
icke
tt P
eak
terr
ane
as a
met
amor
phic
sel
vage
al
ong
the
Wes
tern
Kla
mat
h te
rran
e an
d C
oast
Ran
ge o
phio
lite,
spa
nnin
g th
e E
lder
Cre
ek fa
ult.
The
S
outh
For
k M
ount
ains
Sch
ist o
f the
Pic
kett
Pea
k te
rran
e yi
elds
isot
opic
age
s (m
ainl
y K
-Ar)
of ~
120
Ma
(Lan
pher
e an
d ot
hers
,197
8), b
ut e
arly
mor
e de
eply
sub
duct
ed p
arts
of t
he te
rran
e m
ay w
ell b
e ol
der.
AC
KN
OW
LED
GM
EN
T
T
hank
s to
R.W
. Gra
ymer
, R.W
. Kis
tler,
and
J.G
. Moo
re, f
or h
elpf
ul s
ugge
stio
ns th
at
impr
oved
this
rep
ort.
RE
FE
RE
NC
ES
CIT
ED
B
arro
w, W
endy
, and
Met
calf,
R.V
., 20
02, C
entr
al M
etam
orph
ic te
rran
e, n
orth
ern
Cal
iforn
ia:
G
eoch
emic
al e
vide
nce
of a
mid
-oce
an r
idge
orig
in: G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of A
mer
ica,
Abs
trac
ts w
ith P
rogr
ams,
v. 3
4, n
o. 5
, p. 4
3.B
atem
an, P
.C.,
Har
ris, A
.G.,
Kis
tler,
R.W
., an
d K
raus
kopf
, K.B
., 19
85, C
alav
eras
rev
erse
d:
W
estw
ard
youn
ging
is in
dica
ted:
Geo
logy
, v. 1
3, n
o. 5
, p. 3
38-3
41.
Bla
ke, M
.C.,
Jr.,
Har
woo
d, D
.S.,
Hel
ly, E
.J.,
Irw
in, W
.P.,
Jayk
o, A
.S.,
and
Jone
s, D
.L.,
1999
,
Geo
logi
c m
ap o
f the
Red
Blu
ff 30
' x 6
0' q
uadr
angl
e, C
alifo
rnia
: U
.S. G
eolo
gica
l Sur
vey,
Geo
logi
c In
vest
igat
ions
Map
I-25
42, s
cale
1;1
00,0
00, w
ith te
xt 1
5 p.
Blo
me,
C.D
. and
Irw
in, W
.P.,
1983
, Tec
toni
oc s
igni
fican
ce o
f Lat
e P
aleo
zoic
to J
uras
sic
radi
olar
-
ians
in th
e N
orth
For
k te
rran
e, K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns, C
alifo
rnia
, in
C.H
. Ste
vens
, ed.
,
Pre
-Jur
assi
c ro
cks
in w
este
rn N
orth
Am
eric
an s
uspe
ct te
rran
es: S
ocie
ty o
f Eco
nom
ic
P
aleo
ntol
ogis
ts a
nd M
iner
alog
ists
, Pac
ific
sect
ion,
p. 7
7-89
.
Bon
d, G
.C.,
and
Dev
ay, J
.C.,
1980
, Pre
-Upp
er D
evon
ian
quar
tzos
e sa
ndst
ones
in th
e S
hoo
Fly
For
mat
ion,
Nor
ther
n C
alifo
rnia
; Pet
rolo
gy, p
rove
nanc
e, a
nd im
plic
atio
ns fo
r re
gion
al
te
cton
ics:
Jou
rnal
of G
eolo
gy, v
. 88,
p. 2
85-3
08.
D’A
llura
, J.A
., M
oore
s, E
.M.,
and
Rob
inso
n, L
., 19
77, P
aleo
zoic
roc
ks o
f the
nor
ther
n S
ierr
a
Nev
ada,
in S
tew
art,
J.H
., S
teve
ns, C
.H.,
and
Frits
che,
A.E
., ed
s., P
aleo
zoic
pal
eoge
o-
grap
hy o
f the
wes
tern
Uni
ted
Sta
tes:
Soc
iety
of E
cono
mic
Pal
eont
olog
ists
and
Min
eral
-
ogis
ts, P
acifi
c S
ectio
n, P
acifi
c C
oast
Pal
eoge
ogra
phy
Sym
posi
um 1
, p. 3
95-4
08.
Dic
kins
on, W
.R.,
Hop
son,
C.A
., an
d S
alee
by, J
.B.,
1996
, Alte
rnat
e or
igin
s of
the
Coa
st R
ange
Oph
iolit
e
(Cal
iforn
ia):
Intr
oduc
tion
and
impl
icat
ions
, in
GS
A T
oday
: Geo
logi
cal S
ocie
ty o
f Am
eric
a,
v.
6, n
o. 2
, p. 1
-10.
Dill
er, J
.S.,
1907
, The
Mes
ozoi
c se
dim
ents
of s
outh
wes
tern
Ore
gon:
Am
eric
an J
ourn
al o
f Sci
ence
,
ser.
4, v
. 23,
p. 4
01-4
21.
Ede
lman
, S.H
., an
d S
harp
, W.D
., 19
89, T
erra
nes,
ear
ly fa
ults
, and
pre
-Lat
e Ju
rass
ic a
mal
gam
atio
n
of th
e w
este
rn S
ierr
a N
evad
a m
etam
orph
ic b
elt,
Cal
iforn
ia:
Geo
logi
cal S
ocie
ty o
f Am
eric
a
Bul
l., v
. 101
, p. 1
420-
1433
.E
delm
an, S
.H.,
Day
, H.W
., an
d B
ickf
ord,
M.E
., 19
89, I
mpl
icat
ions
of U
-Pb
zirc
on a
ges
for
the
tect
onic
setti
ngs
of th
e S
mar
tvill
e an
d S
late
Cre
ek c
ompl
exes
, nor
ther
n S
ierr
a N
evad
a, C
alifo
rnia
:
Geo
logy
, v. 1
7, p
. 103
2-10
35.
God
frey
, N.J
. , a
nd K
lem
pere
r, S
.L.,
1998
, Oph
iolit
ic b
asem
ent t
o a
fore
arc
basi
n an
d im
iplic
atio
ns fo
r
cont
inen
tal g
row
th: T
he C
oast
Ran
ge/G
reat
Val
ley
ophi
olite
, Cal
iforn
ia: T
ecto
nics
,
v. 1
7, n
o. 4
, p. 5
58-5
70.
Gra
ymer
, R.W
. and
Jon
es, D
.L.,
1994
, Tec
toni
c im
plic
atio
ns o
f rad
iola
rian
cher
t fro
m th
e P
lace
rvill
e B
elt,
S
ierr
a N
evad
a F
ooth
ills,
Cal
iforn
ia: N
evad
an-a
ge c
ontin
enta
l gro
wth
by
accr
etio
n of
mul
tiple
terr
anes
: G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of A
mer
ica
Bul
l., v
. 106
, p. 5
31-5
40.
Hac
ker,B
.R.,
and
Pea
cock
, S.M
., 19
90, C
ompa
rison
of t
he C
entr
al M
etam
orph
ic B
elt a
nd T
rinity
terr
ane
of th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns w
ith th
e F
eath
er R
iver
terr
ane
of th
e S
ierr
a N
evad
a, i
n
Har
woo
d, D
. S.,
and
Mill
er, M
. M.,
eds.
, Pal
eozo
ic a
nd e
arly
Mes
ozoi
c pa
leog
eogr
aphi
c
rela
tions
; Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
, an
d re
late
d te
rran
es: G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of
A
mer
ica
Spe
cial
Pap
er 2
55, p
. 75-
92.
She
et 2
: Suc
cess
ive
accr
etio
nary
epi
sod
es o
f the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
and
nor
ther
n pa
rt o
f Si
erra
Nev
ada,
s
how
ing
rela
ted
plu
toni
c, v
olca
nic,
and
met
amor
phic
eve
nts
Icht
hyos
aur
Tria
ssic
Tria
ssic
Icht
hyos
aur
124°
122°
120°
M O
D O
C
P
L A
T E
A U
C O A
S T
R
A N
G E
S
S A L I N
I A N
B L O
C K
G R E
A T
V
A L
L E
Y
K L A M A T H
M
T N S
S I E R
R A
N E V
A D
A
S a n A n d r e
a s F a u l t
42° 40
°
38°
36°
OR
EG
ON
CA
LIF
OR
NIA
NEVADA
P A C I F I C
O C E
A N
Med
ford
Eur
eka
Red
din
g
Chi
co
San
Fran
cisc
o
Sacr
amen
to
Bak
ersf
ield
Taylo
rsville sequence
Taylo
rsville sequence
Taylo
rsville sequence
Taylo
rsville sequence
Taylo
rsville sequence
Taylo
rsville sequence
Taylorsville sequence
CO
RR
EL
AT
ION
OF
TH
E K
LA
MA
TH
MO
UN
TAIN
S A
ND
SIE
RR
A N
EV
AD
A
By
Will
iam
P. I
rwin
INT
RO
DU
CT
ION
Thi
s re
port
gra
phic
ally
por
tray
s th
e br
oadl
y pa
ralle
l tec
toni
c de
velo
pmen
t of t
he K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns a
nd S
ierr
a N
evad
a fr
om e
arly
Pal
eozo
ic t
o E
arly
Cre
tace
ous
tim
e. It
is d
edic
ated
to
J.S
. Dill
er o
f the
U.S
. Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y w
ho, d
urin
g hi
s pi
onee
r fie
ld s
tudi
es a
cen
tury
ago
, rec
og-
nize
d si
gnifi
cant
sim
ilarit
ies
betw
een
thes
e tw
o im
port
ant p
rovi
nces
. The
rep
ort i
s ba
sed
mai
nly
on
the
num
erou
s pu
blis
hed
repo
rts
of th
e fie
ld a
nd la
bora
tory
stu
dies
by
vario
us g
eolo
gist
s an
d st
uden
tsdu
ring
the
last
cen
tury
, and
to a
less
er e
xten
t on
my
own
field
wor
k w
hich
has
bee
n su
bsta
ntia
l in
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
but
min
imal
in th
e S
ierr
a N
evad
a. F
or b
revi
ty, r
equi
red
by th
e fo
rmat
of t
his
repo
rt, l
ittle
of t
he e
xten
sive
lite
ratu
re p
erta
inin
g to
thes
e tw
o pr
ovin
ces
is r
efer
ence
d. T
his
repo
rt
is p
relim
inar
y in
nat
ure
and
was
pre
pare
d as
an
aid
to fu
rthe
r st
udy
of th
e te
cton
ic r
elat
ions
be
twee
n th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns a
nd S
ierr
a N
evad
a.
Thi
s re
port
con
sist
s of
two
shee
ts: S
heet
1, M
ap s
how
ing
accr
eted
terr
anes
and
plu
tons
of
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
and
Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
and
She
et 2
, Suc
cess
ive
accr
etio
nary
epi
sode
s of
the
Kla
mat
h m
ount
ains
and
nor
ther
n pa
rt o
f Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
sho
win
g re
late
d pl
uton
ic, v
olca
nic,
and
m
etam
orph
ic e
vent
s.
The
map
on
She
et 1
was
com
pile
d an
d m
odifi
ed fr
om tw
o O
pen-
File
map
s (I
rwin
and
Woo
den,
199
9 an
d 20
01)
whi
ch h
ad b
een
com
pile
d an
d m
odifi
ed m
ainl
y fr
om J
enni
ngs
(197
7), H
arw
ood
(199
2), I
rwin
(19
94),
Jay
ko (
1988
), G
raym
er a
nd J
ones
(19
94),
Ede
lman
and
S
harp
(19
89),
Sch
wei
cker
t and
oth
ers
(199
9), S
auce
do a
nd W
agne
r(19
92),
Sal
eeby
and
Sha
rp
(198
0), W
agne
r an
d ot
hers
(19
81),
and
var
ious
oth
er s
ourc
es. F
or d
etai
led
lists
of t
he s
ourc
es fo
r th
e is
otop
ic a
ge d
ata
used
in S
heet
s 1
and
2, s
ee Ir
win
and
Woo
den
(199
9 an
d 20
01).
O
n S
heet
2, t
he a
ccre
tiona
ry e
piso
des
are
show
n se
quen
tially
fro
m le
ft to
rig
ht in
two
tiers
of
figu
res.
Epi
sode
s fo
r th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns a
re in
the
uppe
r tie
r; c
orre
lativ
e ep
isod
es o
f the
S
ierr
a N
evad
a ar
e di
rect
ly b
elow
in th
e lo
wer
tier
. The
seq
uenc
e s
how
n fo
r th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns
is m
odifi
ed fr
om I
rwin
and
Man
kine
n (1
998)
and
Irw
in a
nd W
oode
n (1
999)
. The
epi
sode
s a
re
nam
ed fo
r th
e ac
cret
ing
terr
anes
of t
he K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns, b
ut th
ose
nam
es m
ay n
ot b
e su
itabl
e fo
r re
fere
nce
to th
e co
rrel
ativ
e ep
isod
es o
f the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada.
In th
e fig
ure
for
each
epi
sode
, a
heav
y bl
ack
line
repr
esen
ts th
e ac
tive
sutu
re th
at s
epar
ated
oce
anic
cru
stal
roc
ks o
n th
e le
ft fr
om
the
earli
er a
ccre
ted
terr
anes
on
the
right
.
Plu
tons
are
par
ticul
arly
use
ful f
or ti
min
g th
e ac
cret
iona
ry e
piso
des.
The
pre
accr
etio
nary
pl
uton
s, w
hich
com
mon
ly r
epre
sent
the
root
s of
oce
anic
vol
cani
c ar
cs, a
re s
how
n in
the
accr
etin
g oc
eani
c cr
usta
l roc
ks to
the
left
of th
e he
avy
blac
k lin
e. T
he a
ccre
tiona
ry p
luto
ns c
onsi
st o
f ro
ck th
at
has
been
sub
duct
ed a
nd r
emob
ilize
d as
mag
ma
durin
g th
e ac
cret
iona
ry p
roce
ss a
nd in
ject
ed in
to
an o
verly
ing
earli
er a
ccre
ted
terr
ane
on th
e rig
ht o
f the
hea
vy b
lack
line
. Thu
s, is
otop
ic d
atin
g of
the
accr
etio
nary
plu
tons
(pr
efer
ably
U/P
b da
tes
mea
sure
d on
zirc
on e
xtra
cted
fro
m th
e pl
uton
ic r
ock)
pr
ovid
es a
use
ful b
asis
for
assi
gnin
g ag
es to
the
accr
etio
nary
epi
sode
s. M
any
plut
ons
are
root
less
at
dep
th, a
s th
ey te
nd to
be
trun
cate
d by
the
subd
uctio
n zo
ne s
utur
es o
f you
nger
acc
retin
g te
rran
es.
V
olca
nic
depo
sits
res
ultin
g fr
om a
ccre
tiona
ry e
piso
des
appa
rent
ly a
re u
ncom
mon
exc
ept f
or
thos
e de
posi
ted
on th
e ba
ckst
op te
rran
es. I
n th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns, t
he E
aste
rn K
lam
ath
terr
ane,
w
hich
con
sist
s of
the
Yre
ka, T
rinity
and
Red
ding
sub
terr
anes
, was
the
back
stop
for
the
Cen
tral
M
etam
orph
ic a
nd y
oung
er a
ccre
tiona
ry e
piso
des,
and
dis
play
s a
rem
arka
ble
reco
rd o
f sed
imen
ta-
tion,
vol
cani
sm a
nd p
luto
nism
from
Silu
rian-
Dev
onia
n to
Jur
assi
c tim
e. In
the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
the
corr
elat
ive
back
stop
was
the
Nor
ther
n S
ierr
a te
rran
e w
hich
sho
ws
a si
mila
r lo
ng r
ecor
d of
vol
cani
sm
in th
e Ta
ylor
svill
e, P
erm
ian,
and
Jur
assi
c vo
lcan
ic a
rc s
eque
nces
.
Dur
ing
som
e ac
cret
iona
ry e
piso
des
the
subd
uctin
g oc
eani
c ro
cks
wer
e dy
nam
ical
ly m
eta-
mor
phos
ed to
sch
ist a
long
the
sutu
re z
one
bene
ath
the
ove
rrid
ing
accr
eted
terr
anes
. Exa
mpl
es o
f th
is in
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
are
the
Dev
onia
n S
alm
on a
nd A
bram
s S
chis
ts o
f the
Cen
tral
Met
a-m
orph
ic te
rran
e, t
he T
riass
ic(?
) sc
hist
of t
he F
ort J
ones
terr
ane
, and
the
Ear
ly C
reta
ceou
s S
outh
F
ork
Mou
ntai
n S
chis
t tha
t str
uctu
rally
und
erlie
s K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns te
rran
es a
long
muc
h of
the
wes
tern
edg
e of
the
prov
ince
. The
For
t Jon
es te
rran
e an
d S
outh
For
k M
ount
ains
Sch
ist w
ere
met
a-m
orph
osed
und
er b
lues
chis
t-fa
cies
con
ditio
ns. I
n th
e S
ierr
a N
evad
a, s
chis
t tha
t is
corr
elat
ive
with
th
e C
entr
al M
etam
orph
ic te
rran
e is
pre
sent
in p
atch
es a
long
the
Fea
ther
Riv
er te
rran
e (s
ee H
acke
r an
d P
eaco
ck, 1
990)
; the
Tria
ssic
(?)
Red
Ant
Sch
ist i
s co
rrel
ativ
e w
ith th
e F
ort J
ones
terr
ane;
but
a
corr
elat
ive
of th
e S
outh
For
k M
ount
ain
Sch
ist i
s no
t pre
sent
.
In a
dditi
on to
the
sim
ilarit
ies
in th
e se
quen
ces
of a
ccre
tion,
plu
toni
sm, v
olca
nism
, and
m
etam
orph
ism
, str
ong
ties
betw
een
the
two
prov
ince
s ar
e al
so p
rovi
ded
by p
aleo
ntol
ogic
dat
a. T
heP
erm
ian
McC
loud
fusu
linid
faun
a of
the
Red
ding
sub
terr
ane
also
is p
rese
nt in
the
Nor
ther
n S
ierr
a te
rran
e. R
are
Teth
yan
fusu
linid
s ar
e fo
und
in P
erm
ian
limes
tone
of t
he E
aste
rn H
ayfo
rk te
rran
e of
th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns a
nd a
lso
in li
mes
tone
blo
cks
in th
e C
entr
al B
elt o
f the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada.
Ic
hthy
osau
r fo
ssils
hav
e be
en c
olle
cted
from
the
Tria
ssic
of b
oth
the
Red
ding
sub
terr
ane
and
Nor
ther
n S
ierr
a te
rran
e. J
uras
sic
amm
onite
s an
d th
e pe
lecy
pod
Buc
hia
conc
entr
ica
occu
r in
bot
h th
e G
alic
e F
orm
atio
n of
the
wes
tern
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
and
the
Mar
ipos
a F
orm
atio
n of
the
wes
tern
Sie
rra
Nev
ada.
Eve
nts
that
pre
cede
d th
e C
entr
al M
etam
orph
ic e
piso
de p
rior
to S
iluria
n-D
evon
ian
time
are
not c
lear
ly u
nder
stoo
d an
d ar
e no
t sho
wn
in th
e su
cces
sion
of d
iagr
ams
on S
heet
2. T
he o
ldes
tro
cks
of th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns a
re N
eopr
oter
ozic
and
they
pre
date
the
Cen
tral
Met
amor
phic
epi
-so
de b
y po
ssib
ly a
hun
dred
mill
ion
year
s or
mor
e. T
hey
incl
ude
ophi
oliti
c ro
cks
of th
e Tr
inity
sub
-te
rran
e an
d th
e A
ntel
ope
Mou
ntai
n Q
uart
zite
of t
he Y
reka
sub
terr
ane
(see
Man
kine
n an
d ot
hers
, 20
02).
In th
e S
ierr
a N
evad
a, c
orre
lativ
es o
f the
anc
ient
oph
iolit
ic r
ocks
may
be
part
of t
he F
eath
erR
iver
terr
ane.
Alth
ough
Neo
prot
eroz
oic
foss
ils h
ave
not y
et b
een
foun
d in
the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
pet
ro-
logi
c st
udy
show
s th
e qu
artz
ite o
f the
Lan
g se
quen
ce is
clo
sely
sim
ilar
to th
e A
ntel
ope
Mou
ntai
nQ
uart
zite
(se
e B
ond
and
Dev
ay, 1
980)
. Cor
rela
tion
of th
e tw
o qu
artz
ite fo
rmat
ions
is a
lso
sugg
este
d by
the
sim
ilarit
y of
thei
r po
sitio
ns in
the
accr
etio
nary
seq
uenc
e.
Har
woo
d, D
.S.,
1992
, Str
atig
raph
y of
Pal
eozo
ic a
nd lo
wer
Mes
ozoi
c ro
cks
of t
he N
orth
ern
Sie
rra
te
rran
e, C
alifo
rnia
: U.S
. Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y B
ull.,
195
7, 7
8 p.
Hin
ds, N
.E.A
., 19
33, G
eolo
gic
form
atio
ns o
f the
Red
ding
-Wea
verv
ille
dist
ricts
, nor
ther
n C
alifo
rnia
:
Cal
iforn
ia J
ourn
al o
f Min
es a
nd G
eolo
gy, v
. 29,
no.
1-2
, p. 7
7-12
2.H
otz,
P.E
., La
nphe
re, M
.A.,
and
Sw
anso
n, D
.A.,
1977
, Tria
ssic
blu
esch
ist f
rom
nor
ther
n C
alifo
rnia
and
nort
h-ce
ntra
l Ore
gon:
Geo
logy
, v. 5
, no.
11,
p. 6
59-6
63.
Imla
y, R
.W.,
1959
, Suc
cess
ion
and
spec
iatio
n of
the
Pel
ecyp
od A
ucel
la in
Sho
rter
Con
trib
utio
ns to
Reg
iona
l Geo
logy
: U
.S. G
eolo
gica
l Sur
vey
Pro
fess
iona
l Pap
er 3
14-G
,, p.
155
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, 19
plat
es.
Imla
y, R
.W.,
1961
, Lat
e Ju
rass
ic a
mm
onite
s fr
om th
e w
este
rn S
ierr
a N
evad
a, C
alifo
rnia
in S
hort
er
C
ontr
ibut
ions
to R
egio
nal G
eolo
gy:
U.S
. Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y P
rofe
ssio
nal P
aper
374
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28
p.Ir
win
, W.P
., 19
94, G
eolo
gic
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of t
he K
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ath
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ntai
ns, C
alifo
rnia
and
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gon:
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.
Geo
logi
cal S
urve
y, M
isce
llane
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atio
ns M
ap I–
2148
, sca
le 1
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in, W
.P. a
nd M
anki
nen,
E.A
., 19
98, R
otat
iona
l and
acc
retio
nary
evo
lutio
n of
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
,
Cal
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ia a
nd O
rego
n, fr
om D
evon
ian
to p
rese
nt ti
me:
U.S
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logi
cal S
urve
y,
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4.Ir
win
, W. P
., an
d W
oode
n, J
. L.,
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tons
and
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retio
nary
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sode
s of
the
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mat
h M
ount
ains
,
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iforn
ia a
nd O
rego
n: U
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eolo
gica
l Sur
vey,
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n-F
ile R
epor
t 99-
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in, W
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and
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den,
J.L
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01, M
ap s
how
ing
plut
ons
and
accr
eted
terr
anes
of t
he S
ierr
a N
evad
a,
C
alifo
rnia
, with
a ta
bula
tion
of U
/Pb
isot
opic
age
s: U
.S. G
eolo
gica
l Sur
vey,
Ope
n-F
ile R
epor
t 01-
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o, A
.S.,
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, Pal
eozo
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esoz
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nty,
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cal S
urve
y O
pen-
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7, m
ap s
cale
1:6
2,50
0, te
xt 1
4 p.
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ings
, C.W
., 19
77, G
eolo
gic
map
of C
alifo
rnia
: Cal
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ia D
ivis
ion
of M
ines
and
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logy
,
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logi
c D
ata
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2, s
cale
1:7
50,0
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here
, M.A
., B
lake
, M.C
., Jr
., an
d Ir
win
, W.P
., 19
78, E
arly
Cre
tace
ous
met
amor
phic
age
of t
he
S
outh
For
k M
ount
ain
Sch
ist i
n th
e no
rthe
rn C
oast
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ges
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fin, N
., Fa
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, J.D
., an
d G
riffin
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02, E
diac
aran
cyc
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an
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eted
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ane
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n K
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ath
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ntai
ns, C
a: G
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fin, N
., an
d G
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., 20
02, C
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t pal
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eopr
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h M
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., an
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enne
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ircon
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assi
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ath
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ircon
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and
Har
per,
G.D
.,199
3, T
ecto
nic
rela
tions
bet
wee
n th
e G
alic
e F
orm
atio
n an
d th
e C
ondr
ey
M
ount
ain
Sch
ist,
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
, nor
ther
n C
alifo
rnia
, in
Dun
n, G
., an
d M
cDou
gall,
K.,
eds.
,
Mes
ozoi
c pa
leog
eogr
aphy
of t
he w
este
rn U
nite
d S
tate
s-II:
Soc
iety
of E
cono
mic
Pal
eont
olog
ists
and
Min
eral
ogis
ts, P
acifi
c S
ectio
n, B
ook
71, p
.61-
80.
Sal
eeby
, Jas
on, a
nd S
harp
, War
ren,
198
0, C
hron
olog
y of
the
stru
ctur
al a
nd p
etro
logi
c de
velo
pmen
t
of th
e so
uthw
est S
ierr
a N
evad
a fo
othi
lls, C
alifo
rnia
: G
eolo
gica
l Soc
iety
of A
mer
ica,
Par
t II,
p.
141
6-15
35, D
oc. N
o. M
0060
1.S
alee
by, J
.B.,
Sha
w, H
.F.,
Sid
ney
Nie
mey
er, M
oore
s, E
.M.,
and
Ede
lman
, S.H
., 19
89, U
/Pb,
Sm
/Nd
and
R
b/S
r ge
ochr
onol
ogic
al s
tudy
of N
orth
ern
Sie
rra
Nev
ada
ophi
oliti
c as
sem
blag
es, C
alifo
rnia
;
Con
trib
utio
ns to
Min
eral
ogy
and
Pet
rolo
gy, v
. 102
, p. 2
05-2
20.
Sau
cedo
, G.J
., an
d W
agne
r, D
.L.,
1992
, Geo
logi
c m
ap o
f the
Chi
co q
uadr
angl
e, C
alifo
rnia
: C
alifo
rnia
Div
isio
n of
Min
es a
nd G
eolo
gy, R
egio
nal G
eolo
gic
Map
Ser
ies,
Map
No.
7A
, sca
le 1
:250
,000
.S
chw
eick
ert,
R. A
., H
anso
n, R
. E.,
and
Gir
ty, G
. H.,
1999
, Acc
ertio
nary
tect
onic
s of
the
Wes
tern
Sie
rra
N
evad
a M
etam
orph
ic B
elt ,
in W
agne
r, D
.L.,
and
Gra
ham
, S.S
., ed
s., G
eolo
gic
Fie
ld T
rips
in
N
orth
ern
Cal
iforn
ia:
Cal
iforn
ia D
ivis
ion
of M
ines
and
Geo
logy
, Spe
cial
Pub
licat
ion
SP
-119
, p. 3
3-79
.W
agne
r, D
.L.,
Jenn
ings
, C.W
., B
edro
ssia
n, T
.L.,
and
Bor
tugo
, E.J
., 19
81, G
eolo
gic
map
of t
he
Sac
ram
ento
qua
dran
gle:
Cal
iforn
ia D
ivis
ion
of M
ines
and
Geo
logy
, Reg
iona
l Geo
logi
c M
ap
S
erie
s, M
ap N
o. 1
A, s
cale
1:2
50,0
00.
Wag
ner,
D.L
., B
ortu
gno,
E.J
., an
d M
cJun
kin,
R.D
., 19
91, G
eolo
gic
map
of t
he S
an F
ranc
isca
n-S
an J
ose
qu
adra
ngle
, Cal
iforn
ia: C
alifo
rnia
Div
isio
n of
Min
es a
nd G
eolo
gy, R
egio
nal G
eolo
gic
Map
Ser
ies,
M
ap N
o, 5
A, s
cale
1:2
50,0
00.
CE
NT
RA
L M
ETA
MO
RP
HIC
EP
ISO
DE
T
he E
aste
rn K
lam
ath
terr
ane,
con
sist
ing
of th
e Y
reka
, Trin
ity, a
nd R
eddi
ng s
ubte
rran
es, w
as
the
nucl
eus
of th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns d
urin
g S
iluria
n-D
evon
ian
time.
Dur
ing
the
Cen
tral
Met
amor
phic
ep
isod
e, th
e oc
eani
c cr
usta
l pro
tolit
hs (
schi
st p
atte
rn)
of th
e C
entr
al M
etam
orph
ic te
rran
e, in
clud
ing
met
abas
ites
repr
esen
ting
MO
RB
(B
arro
w a
nd M
etca
lf, 2
002)
, wer
e su
bduc
ted
bene
ath
the
Kla
mat
h nu
cleu
s. R
emob
iliza
tion
of th
e su
bduc
ted
rock
s re
sulte
d in
gab
broi
c in
trus
ions
(Z
431
-401
Ma)
into
the
perid
otiti
c Tr
inity
sub
terr
ane
and,
at a
hig
her
leve
l, th
e de
velo
pmen
t of a
vol
cani
c ar
c (p
urpl
e vo
lcan
ic
patte
rn)
repr
esen
ted
by th
e C
ople
y G
reen
ston
e an
d B
alak
lala
Rhy
olite
of t
he R
eddi
ng s
ubte
rran
e. T
he
volc
anic
roc
ks a
re in
trud
ed b
y a
coge
netic
gra
nito
id p
luto
n, th
e M
ule
Mou
ntai
n st
ock
(Z~
400
Ma)
. The
sc
hist
s of
the
Cen
tral
Met
amor
phic
terr
ane
yiel
d D
evon
ian
isot
opic
met
amor
phic
age
s (R
b/S
r 38
0 M
a:
K-A
r 39
0-39
9 M
a) th
at a
re s
omew
hat y
oung
er th
an th
e re
leva
nt S
iluria
n-D
evon
ian
plut
ons:
Thi
s m
ay
refle
ct th
e di
ffere
nce
in d
atin
g m
etho
d, o
r th
e sa
mpl
ed s
chis
ts m
ay r
epre
sent
a la
te s
tage
of s
ubdu
c-tio
n. T
he o
ldes
t gra
nito
id r
ocks
(Z
567
Ma)
in th
e E
aste
rn K
lam
ath
terr
ane
are
exot
ic b
lock
s of
un
know
n pr
oven
ance
in th
e S
kook
um G
ulch
mel
ange
of t
he Y
reka
sub
terr
ane
and
are
too
old
to
have
bee
n ge
nera
ted
by th
e C
entr
al M
etam
orph
ic e
piso
de.
T
he N
orth
ern
Sie
rra
terr
ane
is b
road
ly c
orre
lativ
e w
ith th
e E
aste
rn K
lam
ath
terr
ane;
the
Fea
ther
Riv
er te
rran
e re
pres
entin
g th
e Tr
inity
sub
terr
ane,
the
Sho
o F
ly C
ompl
ex r
epre
sent
ing
the
Yre
ka s
ubte
rane
, and
the
Tayl
orsv
ille
sequ
ence
rep
rese
ntin
g th
e R
eddi
ng s
ubte
rran
e. O
nly
a fe
w r
em-
nant
s of
sch
ist t
houg
ht e
quiv
alen
t to
the
Cen
tral
Met
amor
phic
terr
ane
are
foun
d lo
cally
alo
ng th
e le
ngth
of
the
Fea
ther
Riv
er te
rran
e (s
how
n sc
hem
atic
ally
on
Fig
. 1).
Acc
retio
nary
plu
tons
in S
ierr
a N
evad
a ar
e th
e B
owm
an L
ake
bath
olith
(Z
409-
385
Ma)
, whi
ch in
trud
es th
e S
hoo
Fly
Com
plex
, and
the
Wol
f Cre
ek
stoc
k (Z
~37
8 M
a) w
hich
intr
udes
the
Sie
rra
But
tes
Fm
. (A
dis
crep
ancy
bet
wee
n th
e pa
leon
tolo
gic
age
of th
e S
ierr
a B
utte
s F
m. a
nd th
e is
otop
ic a
ge o
f the
Wol
f Cre
ek s
tock
is d
iscu
ssed
by
Har
woo
d, 1
992)
.T
he S
ierr
a B
utte
s F
m.,
a D
evon
ian
volc
anic
uni
t gen
erat
ed b
y th
is e
posi
de, i
s in
the
low
er p
art o
f the
Ta
ylor
svill
e se
quen
ce a
nd is
dep
ositi
onal
in p
lace
s on
the
Sho
o F
ly C
ompl
ex th
ough
loca
lly u
nder
lain
by
the
Griz
zly
Fm
. Ass
ocia
ted
volc
anic
uni
ts a
bove
the
Sie
rra
But
tes
are
the
Tayl
or F
m. a
nd th
e lo
wer
m
embe
r of
the
Pea
le F
m. w
hich
ran
ge in
to E
arly
Mis
siss
ippi
an in
age
.
FO
RT
JO
NE
S E
PIS
OD
E
Oce
anic
cru
stal
pro
tolit
hs o
f the
For
t Jon
es (
aka
Stu
art F
ork)
terr
ane
(red
sch
ist p
atte
rn)
wer
e su
bduc
ted
bene
ath
the
Cen
tral
Met
amor
phic
and
Eas
tern
Kla
mat
h te
rran
es. T
he a
ge o
f the
For
t Jon
es
terr
ane
is n
ot k
now
n pa
leon
tolo
gica
lly. O
nly
vest
iges
of r
adio
laria
ns a
re fo
und
in s
ome
of th
e le
ast
met
amor
phos
ed c
hert
. B
lues
chis
t fac
ies
rock
s in
the
nort
hern
par
t of t
he te
rran
e yi
elde
d K
-Ar
isot
opic
ag
es o
f ~22
0 M
a (H
otz
and
othe
rs,1
977)
. No
prea
ccre
tiona
ry p
luto
ns h
ave
been
foun
d in
the
accr
etin
g ro
cks.
The
old
est p
luto
n th
at in
trud
es th
e F
ort J
ones
terr
ane
is th
e R
ussi
an P
eak
plut
on (
Z~
159
Ma)
. H
owev
er, i
n R
eddi
ng s
ubte
rran
e th
e ac
cret
iona
ry P
it R
iver
sto
ck (
Z 2
60 M
a) in
trud
es B
aird
Fm
(M
iss.
-P
enn.
), a
nd a
cha
in o
f sev
eral
irre
gula
r lin
ear
intr
usio
ns o
f qua
rtz-
augi
te d
iorit
e (t
he "
Red
ding
dik
e" o
f H
inds
, 193
3) e
xten
ds n
orth
war
d 15
or
mor
e m
iles.
The
"R
eddi
ng d
ike"
intr
udes
mos
tly a
long
the
cont
act b
etw
een
the
Bai
rd F
m a
nd th
e M
cClo
ud L
imes
tone
, loc
ally
eng
ulfin
g th
e M
cClo
ud L
imes
tone
an
d lo
cally
intr
udin
g th
e N
oson
i Fm
and
Dek
kas
And
esite
(H
inds
, 193
3). T
he "
Red
ding
dik
e" is
evi
dent
ly
Per
mia
n or
you
nger
, and
may
wel
l be
the
feed
er fo
r th
e N
oson
i-Dek
kas-
Bul
ly H
ill (
Per
mia
n-Tr
iass
ic(?
))
volc
anic
form
atio
ns (
blue
pat
tern
). A
lthou
gh th
e F
ort J
ones
epi
sode
orig
inal
ly w
as c
onsi
dere
d Tr
iass
ic
beca
use
of th
e is
otop
ic a
ge o
f the
blu
esch
ist (
Irw
in a
nd M
anki
nen,
199
8), I
t is
here
in r
egar
ded
as P
erm
ian-
Tria
ssic
(?)
beca
use
accr
etio
n of
the
For
t Jon
es te
rran
e pr
obab
ly c
ause
d th
e P
it R
iver
sto
ck a
nd"R
eddi
ng
dike
" in
trus
ions
as
wel
l as
the
Nos
oni-D
ekka
s-B
ully
Hill
vol
cani
c se
quen
ce o
f the
Red
ding
sub
terr
ane.
In
the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
the
accr
etin
g oc
eani
c ro
cks
wer
e m
etam
orph
osed
to th
e Tr
iass
ic(?
) R
ed
Ant
Sch
ist (
red
schi
st p
atte
rn).
Whe
ther
the
Red
Ant
Sch
ist d
evel
oped
ben
eath
a s
ubst
antia
l sla
b of
ea
rly P
aleo
zoic
sch
ist s
uch
as th
e C
entr
al M
etam
orph
ic te
rran
e is
not
cle
ar, a
s on
ly s
mal
l am
ount
s of
th
e ea
rly s
chis
t are
foun
d al
ong
the
Fea
ther
Riv
er te
rran
e (s
ee H
acke
r an
d P
eaco
ck, 1
990)
. Fur
ther
mor
e,
the
pres
ent d
istr
ibut
ion
of th
e R
ed A
nt S
chis
t is
perp
lexi
ng b
ecau
se m
uch
of it
now
app
ears
to b
e in
the
east
ern
part
of t
he F
eath
er R
iver
terr
ane
rath
er th
an w
est o
f it a
s sh
own
diag
ram
atic
ally
in F
igur
e 2.
P
erha
ps b
oth
the
pauc
ity o
f out
crop
of t
he e
arly
sch
ist a
nd p
rese
nt p
ositi
on o
f the
Red
Ant
Sch
ist a
re
the
resu
lt of
sub
stan
tial p
ost-
accr
etio
n te
cton
ic d
islo
catio
ns.
P
luto
ns r
elat
ed to
the
For
t Jon
es e
piso
de a
re n
ot e
vide
nt in
the
Nor
ther
n S
ierr
a te
rran
e. H
ow-
ever
, vol
cani
sm is
rep
rese
nted
by
the
Per
mia
n vo
lcan
ic a
rc s
eque
nce
(blu
e vo
lcan
ic p
atte
rn)
whi
ch
incl
udes
the
Arli
ngto
n, G
oodh
ue, a
nd R
eeve
For
mat
ions
, and
whi
ch u
ncon
form
ably
ove
rlies
the
Tayl
ors-
ville
seq
uenc
e. O
ther
cor
rela
tive
feat
ures
of t
his
gene
ral t
ime
fram
e in
clud
e th
e P
erm
ian
fusu
linid
faun
a of
the
McC
loud
Lim
esto
ne o
f the
Red
ding
sub
terr
ane,
whi
ch is
als
o fo
und
in th
e R
eeve
Fm
and
Sod
a R
avin
e un
it of
the
Nor
ther
n S
ierr
a te
rran
e. T
riass
ic ic
hthy
osau
r fo
ssils
are
foun
d in
the
Hos
selk
us
Lim
esto
ne o
f the
Red
ding
sub
terr
ane
and
also
in th
e H
osse
lkus
Lim
esto
ne a
nd S
oda
Rav
ine
unit
of
the
Nor
ther
n S
ierr
ra te
rran
e.
NO
RT
H F
OR
K E
PIS
OD
E
Oce
anic
cru
stal
pro
tolit
hs o
f the
Nor
th F
ork
terr
ane
wer
e ac
cret
ed to
the
For
t Jon
es a
nd e
arlie
r te
rran
es o
f the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
. The
pro
tolit
hs in
clud
ed o
phio
lite,
sed
imen
tary
and
maf
ic v
olca
nic
rock
s, r
adio
laria
n ch
ert a
nd m
inor
lim
esto
ne, a
nd r
ange
d fr
om P
aleo
zoic
to J
uras
sic.
The
you
nges
t was
ra
diol
aria
n ch
ert o
f Ear
ly J
uras
sic
(Plie
nsba
chia
n) a
ge (
Blo
me
and
Irw
in, 1
983)
, whi
ch is
the
prin
cipa
lba
sis
for
the
appr
oxim
ate
age
assi
gned
to th
is e
piso
de. N
o pl
uton
s cl
early
rel
ated
to th
is e
piso
de a
re
know
n. H
owev
er, a
bund
ant v
olca
nic
rock
s (g
reen
pat
tern
) of
the
Arv
ison
Fm
and
Bag
ley
And
esite
in
the
Low
er J
uras
sic
of th
e R
eddi
ng s
ubte
rran
e ar
e co
rrel
ativ
e w
ith th
e N
orth
For
k ep
isod
e. A
ccor
ding
to
Ren
ne (
1987
), s
ome
rock
s ea
rlier
con
side
red
to b
e B
agle
y A
ndes
ite a
re a
ctua
lly s
mal
l sto
cks
of d
iorit
e
accr
etio
nary
intr
usiv
es.
In th
e so
uthe
rn p
art o
f the
bel
t the
~20
0 M
a pl
uton
s in
trud
e th
e Ja
sper
Poi
nt
and
Pen
on B
lanc
o F
ms
(Sal
eeby
, 198
2). A
s in
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
the
~16
0 M
a pl
uton
s ar
e w
ide-
spre
ad, i
ntru
ding
sev
eral
sm
all t
erra
nes
of th
e C
entr
al b
elt (
incl
udin
g th
e D
on P
edro
) as
wel
l as
the
Cal
aver
as a
nd N
orth
ern
Sie
rra
terr
anes
to th
e ea
st. T
he D
on P
edro
terr
ane
is h
erei
n sh
own
as p
art o
f th
e C
entr
al b
elt (
aka
Tuol
umne
Riv
er te
rran
e) fo
llow
ing
Ede
lman
and
Sha
rp (
1989
) de
spite
wea
k ev
iden
ce fo
r th
e Ju
rass
ic a
ge a
ssig
ned
to th
e vo
lcan
ic a
nd s
edim
enta
ry u
nit o
f the
Don
Ped
ro a
nd fo
r th
e co
ntro
vers
ial e
xist
ence
of t
he s
outh
ern
part
of t
he S
onor
a fa
ult.
In th
e N
orth
ern
Sie
rra
terr
ane,
the
ande
sitic
vol
cani
c Tu
ttle
Lake
Fm
., w
hich
unc
onfo
rmab
ly o
verli
es th
e S
ailo
r C
anyo
n F
m.,
may
be
gene
tical
ly r
elat
ed to
the
Em
igra
nt G
ap p
luto
n (1
63-1
64 M
a) o
f thi
s ac
cret
iona
ry e
piso
de (
see
Har
woo
d,
1992
).
Dur
ing
a la
te s
tage
or
shor
tly fo
llow
ing
the
Rat
lesn
ake
Cre
ek e
piso
de o
f bot
h pr
ovin
ces,
La
te J
uras
sic
volc
anic
arc
s re
pres
ente
d by
the
Rog
ue a
nd L
ogto
wn
Rid
ge F
ms.
eru
pted
wes
t of t
he
accr
etio
nary
sut
ures
, and
wer
e fo
llow
ed b
y w
ides
prea
d de
posi
tion
of th
e ov
erly
ing
clas
tic G
alic
e an
d M
arip
osa
Fm
s. T
hese
vol
cani
c an
d cl
astic
form
atio
ns a
re d
escr
ibed
as
prea
ccre
tiona
ry u
nits
in th
e fo
llow
ing
epis
ode.
WE
ST
ER
N K
LAM
ATH
EP
ISO
DE
In
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
the
prot
o S
mith
Riv
er a
nd R
ogue
Val
ley
subt
erra
nes
wer
e su
bduc
ted
bene
ath
the
Rat
tlesn
ake
Cre
ek te
rran
e al
ong
the
Bea
r Wal
low
and
cor
rela
tive
faul
ts. T
he S
mith
Riv
er
subt
erra
ne c
onsi
sts
of th
e Jo
seph
ine
ophi
olite
ove
rlain
by
thin
-bed
ded
volc
anop
elag
ic s
trat
a w
hich
in
turn
are
ove
rlain
by
Gal
ice
Fm
. (bl
ack
stip
ple
patte
rn).
Zirc
ons
from
pla
giog
rani
te o
f the
oph
iolit
e yi
eld
a C
allo
vian
age
(16
2 M
a; S
alee
by, 1
987)
. The
vol
cano
pela
gic
stra
ta c
onta
in m
id-m
iddl
e O
xfor
dian
rad
io-
laria
ns (
Pes
sagn
o an
d B
lom
e, 1
990)
. The
Rog
ue V
alle
y su
bter
rane
con
sist
s m
ainl
y of
Rog
ue F
m a
nd th
e co
nfor
mab
ly o
verly
ing
Gal
ice
Fm
. The
Rog
ue F
m c
onsi
sts
of b
asal
tic a
nd a
ndes
itic
rock
s th
at r
epre
sent
a
volc
anic
arc
. Zirc
on fr
om tu
ff in
the
Rou
ge F
m i
ndic
ates
an
Oxf
ordi
an a
ge (
157
Ma;
Sal
eeby
, 198
4)
and
that
the
Rog
ue is
com
para
ble
in a
ge to
the
volc
anop
elag
ic u
nit t
hat o
verli
es th
e Jo
seph
ine
ophi
olite
. T
he G
alic
e F
m. a
t the
type
loca
lity
in th
e R
ogue
Val
ley
subt
erra
ne c
onta
ins
mid
-mid
dle
Oxf
ordi
an r
adio
-la
rians
at i
ts b
ase
whe
re it
res
ts o
n R
ogue
Fm
, and
hig
her
in th
e G
alic
e ar
e am
mon
ites
and
Buc
hia
conc
entr
ica
of m
iddl
e O
xfor
dian
to e
arly
Kim
mer
idgi
an a
ge (
Pes
sagn
o an
d B
lom
e, 1
990)
. Lar
ge ir
regu
-la
ritie
s in
the
pres
ent t
race
of t
he a
ccre
tiona
ry s
utur
e w
ere
caus
ed b
y po
st-a
ccre
tion
defo
rmat
ion
and
loca
l ero
sion
of t
he u
pper
pla
te, s
o th
at th
e G
alic
e F
m. o
f the
acc
retin
g pl
ate
is s
een
to h
ave
been
sub
-du
cted
man
y m
iles
east
war
d be
neat
h th
e R
attle
snak
e C
reek
terr
ane.
The
Sum
mit
Val
ley
(150
Ma)
and
P
ony
Pea
k (1
46 M
a) a
ccre
tiona
ry p
luto
ns c
ut b
oth
the
Gal
ice
Fm
and
ove
rlyin
g R
attle
snak
e C
reek
te
rran
e (S
alee
by a
nd H
arpe
r, 19
93),
con
stra
inin
g th
e ag
e of
the
accr
etio
nary
sut
ure.
The
~16
0 M
a pl
uton
s in
the
Rat
tlesn
ake
Cre
ek te
rran
e ab
ove
the
accr
etio
nary
sut
ure
pres
umab
ly w
ere
trun
cate
d by
th
e un
dert
hrus
ting
and
now
are
roo
tless
. The
onl
y ~
160
Ma
plut
on s
how
n in
the
prot
o W
este
rn K
lam
ath
terr
ane
is to
nalit
e of
the
Che
tco
com
plex
of t
he D
ry B
utte
sub
terr
ane,
but
its
poss
ible
rel
atio
n to
the
Rog
ue v
olca
nic
arc
is n
ot c
lear
.
The
trac
e of
the
accr
etio
nary
sut
ure
in th
e S
ierr
a N
evad
a is
mar
kedl
y di
ffere
nt th
an th
at o
f the
K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns. A
SW
-NE
cro
ss s
ectio
n, d
raw
n ju
st N
of t
he G
uada
lupe
com
plex
by
Sch
wei
cker
t and
ot
hers
(19
99, F
ig. 4
A),
sho
ws
the
Jura
ssic
vol
cani
c an
d se
dim
enta
ry s
trat
a be
twee
n th
e S
onor
a fa
ult a
nd
allu
vial
edg
e of
the
Gre
at V
alle
y as
an
imbr
icat
e se
ries
of s
teep
ly e
ast-
dipp
ing
wes
t-ve
rgen
t fol
ds a
nd
thru
sts:
The
terr
ane
boun
dary
sut
ures
als
o ar
e sh
own
as s
teep
ly e
ast-
dipp
ing
thru
sts.
The
fold
str
uctu
res
are
intr
uded
by
the
151
Ma
Gua
dalu
pe C
ompl
ex. T
he a
ccre
tiona
ry s
utur
e is
alo
ng th
e ea
ster
n bo
unda
ry
of th
e M
othe
r Lo
de te
rran
e, g
ener
aly
coin
cidi
ng w
ith th
e M
elon
es F
ault.
The
Mar
ipos
a F
m. (
blac
k st
ippl
e pa
ttern
) of
the
Mot
her
Lode
terr
ane
is e
xpos
ed a
lmos
t con
tinuo
usly
alo
ng th
e w
est s
ide
of th
e M
elon
es
faul
t, fr
om th
e so
uth
end
of e
xpos
ure
near
Mar
ipos
a to
mor
e th
an 1
00 m
iles
nort
hwar
d to
nea
r th
e la
titud
e of
Aub
urn
whe
re it
dis
appe
ars
bene
ath
the
olde
r ro
cks
of th
e A
mer
ican
Riv
er, C
ool Q
uarr
y, a
nd M
ount
A
rara
t ter
rane
s, a
few
mile
s so
uth
of th
e la
titud
e of
the
Yuba
Riv
ers
plut
on. T
here
, the
Cen
tral
bel
t is1
0 m
iles
wid
e an
d is
sep
arat
ed fr
om th
e C
alav
eras
terr
ane
by th
e M
elon
es fa
ult.
As
show
n in
cro
ss s
ectio
n at
that
latit
ude
by G
raym
er a
nd J
ones
(19
94, F
ig. 7
) th
e C
entr
al b
elt i
s m
ainl
y a
serie
s of
imbr
icat
e st
eepl
y ea
st-d
ippi
ng th
rust
sla
bs o
f Log
tow
n R
idge
and
Mar
ipos
a F
ms
(Mot
her
Lode
terr
ane)
that
are
upw
ardl
y tr
unca
ted
and
over
lain
by
defo
rmed
thru
st s
lices
of P
erm
ian,
Tria
ssic
, and
Ear
ly to
Mid
dle
Jura
ssic
roc
ks
of th
e A
mer
ican
Riv
er, C
ool Q
uarr
y, a
nd M
ount
Ara
rat t
erra
nes.
The
Mot
her
Lode
terr
ane
and
over
lyin
g as
sem
blag
e of
old
er r
ocks
are
cut
by
the
143
Ma
Col
oma
plut
on w
hich
is tr
unca
ted
on th
e ea
st b
y th
e M
elon
es fa
ult.
The
str
uctu
re in
bot
h cr
oss
sect
ions
indi
cate
s an
E-W
str
ongl
y co
mpr
essi
onal
env
iron-
men
t fol
low
ing
depo
sitio
n of
the
Mar
ipos
a F
m. (
post
ear
ly K
imm
erid
gian
). T
he p
rese
nce
of M
arip
osa
and
Logt
own
Rid
ge F
ms.
lyin
g st
ruct
ural
ly b
enea
th a
n as
sem
blag
e of
sub
stan
tially
old
er r
ocks
of t
heC
entr
al b
elt i
s re
min
isce
nt o
f the
Gal
ice
and
Rog
ue F
ms.
lyin
g be
neat
h R
attle
snak
e C
reek
terr
ane
in
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
and
lead
s to
spe
cula
tion
as to
how
far
nort
hwar
d in
the
Cen
tral
bel
t thi
s st
ruct
ural
re
latio
nshi
p ex
tend
s. T
his
boun
dary
bet
wee
n th
e M
othe
r Lo
de te
rran
e an
d ov
erly
ing
olde
r ro
cks
is h
erei
n co
nsid
ered
par
t of t
he a
ccre
tiona
ry s
utur
e. F
rom
the
nort
h en
d of
the
Mot
her
Lode
terr
ane
the
accr
etio
n-ar
y su
ture
tren
ds ir
regu
larly
sou
thw
ard
to jo
in th
e B
ear
Mou
ntai
ns F
ault.
The
re it
abr
uptly
tren
ds n
orth
-w
ard
alon
g th
e B
ear
Mou
ntai
ns-W
olf C
reek
-Big
Ben
d fa
ult s
yste
m, c
uttin
g th
e Yu
ba R
iver
s pl
uton
and
fo
rmin
g th
e ea
ster
n ac
cret
iona
ry b
ound
ary
of th
e S
mar
tvill
e C
ompl
ex w
ith it
s ab
unda
nt p
reac
cret
iona
ry
~16
0 M
a pl
uton
s, s
heet
ed d
ikes
, and
ass
ocia
ted
Jura
ssic
vol
cani
c an
d se
dim
enta
ry r
ocks
. T
he e
xten
t to
whi
ch th
e po
stac
cret
iona
ry m
ovem
ents
on
the
Mel
ones
Fau
lt m
ay h
ave
mod
ified
the
map
pat
tern
of t
he
accr
etio
nary
sut
ure
is n
ot c
lear
. A fe
w g
ener
ally
sm
all ~
150
Ma
plut
ons
intr
ude
rock
s of
the
accr
etin
g te
rran
e yo
ung
as L
ate
Jura
ssic
(M
arip
osa
Fm
.) a
s in
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
, and
one
plu
ton
cuts
the
Cal
aver
as-S
hoo
Fly
Fau
lt. V
olca
nic
equi
vale
nts
of th
e ~
150
Ma
plut
ons
are
not e
vide
nt.
to q
uart
z di
orite
. He
assi
gned
som
e of
thes
e to
the
Hog
Mou
ntai
n su
ite o
f plu
tons
(K
-Ar
on p
lagi
ocla
se;
166
and
167
Ma)
and
oth
ers
to th
e K
ettle
Mou
ntai
n su
ite (
K-A
r on
pla
gioc
lase
; 120
-130
Ma)
. The
se
smal
l plu
tons
may
wel
l be
coev
al w
ith th
e ge
ogra
phic
ally
ass
ocia
ted
Arv
ison
and
Bag
ley,
but
alth
ough
th
eir
K/A
r is
otop
ic a
ges
are
here
in c
onsi
dere
d su
spec
t, th
ey a
re s
how
n te
ntat
ivel
y as
plu
tons
rel
ated
to
late
r ep
isod
es.
In
the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
acc
retio
nary
plu
tons
rel
ated
to th
e N
orth
For
k ep
isod
e ha
ve n
ot
been
rec
ogni
zed.
How
ever
, and
esiti
c vo
lcan
ic r
ocks
(gr
een
patte
rn)
rela
ted
to th
e N
orth
For
k ep
isod
e oc
cur
in th
e S
ailo
r C
anyo
n F
m a
nd in
the
Mou
nt J
ura
and
Ket
tle R
ock
sequ
ence
s of
the
Nor
ther
n S
ierr
a te
rran
e.
EA
ST
ER
N H
AYF
OR
K E
PIS
OD
E
Pro
tolit
hs o
f the
Eas
tern
Hay
fork
sub
terr
ane
wer
e su
bduc
ted
bene
ath
the
Nor
th F
ork
terr
ane
alon
g th
e Tw
in S
iste
rs a
nd c
orre
lativ
e fa
ults
. T
he p
roto
liths
wer
e a
mel
ange
of
ocea
nic
rock
s co
nsis
t-in
g of
min
or s
erpe
ntin
ite, s
edim
enta
ry a
nd v
olca
nic
rock
s, c
hert
, lim
esto
ne, a
nd s
catte
red
bloc
ks o
f sc
hist
. Fos
sils
in th
e ch
ert a
nd li
mes
tone
are
mai
nly
Late
Per
mia
n an
d Tr
iass
ic. N
one
is c
lear
ly J
ur-
assi
c. S
ome
of th
e La
te P
erm
ian
foss
ils a
re o
f Tet
hyan
faun
as (
note
d by
T s
ymbo
l) th
at a
re u
nkno
wn
in m
ost o
f Nor
th A
mer
ica.
The
age
of t
he a
ccre
tiona
ry e
piso
de is
poo
rly c
onst
rain
ed a
nd is
est
imat
ed
to b
e ~
180,
app
roxi
mat
ely
mid
way
bet
wee
n th
e pr
eced
ing
and
follo
win
g ep
isod
es. A
ccre
tiona
ry p
luto
ns
rela
ted
to th
e E
aste
rn H
ayfo
rk e
piso
de a
re u
nkno
wn
in th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns. H
owev
er, v
olca
nism
re
late
d to
the
epis
ode
may
be
repr
esen
ted
by th
e P
otem
Fm
(gr
een
patte
rn)
whi
ch is
the
high
est s
trat
i-gr
aphi
c un
it of
the
Red
ding
sub
terr
ane.
The
Pot
em F
m in
clud
es tu
fface
ous
sand
ston
e an
d co
arse
py
rocl
astic
bed
s an
d is
late
Plie
nsba
chia
n to
ear
ly B
atho
nian
in a
ge.
In
the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
acc
retio
nary
plu
tons
of t
his
age
are
not k
now
n. S
ome
limes
tone
blo
cks
in m
elan
ge o
f the
Cen
tral
bel
t con
tain
Per
mia
n fu
sulin
ids
of T
ethy
an fa
unal
affi
nity
whi
ch a
re s
how
n he
re to
indi
cate
that
the
mul
ti-te
rran
e C
entr
al b
elt p
roba
bly
incl
udes
som
e ro
cks
equi
vale
nt to
the
Eas
tern
Hay
fork
terr
ane.
And
esiti
c vo
lcan
ism
con
tinue
d in
the
Jura
ssic
vol
cani
c ar
c of
the
Nor
ther
n S
ierr
a te
rran
e du
ring
this
epi
sode
.
WE
ST
ER
N H
AYF
OR
K E
PIS
OD
E
Pro
tolit
hs o
f the
Wes
tern
Hay
fork
sub
terr
ane
wer
e a
volc
anic
arc
that
was
acc
rete
d to
the
Eas
tern
Hay
fork
sub
terr
ane
alon
g th
e W
ilson
Poi
nt a
nd c
orre
lativ
e fa
ults
. The
arc
con
sist
ed o
f Hay
fork
B
ally
Met
a-an
desi
te a
nd o
f cog
enet
ic p
luto
ns (
solid
gre
en)
incl
udin
g th
e Ir
onsi
de M
ount
ain
bath
olith
. T
hese
pre
accr
etio
nary
roc
ks r
ange
from
177
to 1
68 M
a in
isot
opic
age
, the
you
nges
t of w
hich
is
assu
med
to a
ppro
xim
ate
the
time
of a
ccre
tion.
The
Den
ny C
ompl
ex p
resu
mab
ly is
acc
retio
nary
in th
e E
aste
rn H
ayfo
rk s
ubte
rran
e. In
the
cent
ral a
nd n
orth
ern
part
s of
the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
, the
Eas
tern
H
ayfo
rk a
nd W
este
rn H
ayfo
rk s
ubte
rran
es a
re n
ot c
lear
ly d
istin
guis
hed
and
are
show
n to
geth
er a
s un
divi
ded
Hay
fork
terr
ane.
The
Squ
aw M
ount
ain
and
For
ks o
f Sal
mon
plu
tons
are
pre
sum
ably
pre
-ac
cret
iona
ry in
und
ivid
ed H
ayfo
rk te
rran
e. A
s pr
evio
usly
not
ed, t
he H
ogba
ck M
ount
ain
suite
of s
mal
l pl
uton
s (K
-Ar
167
and
166
Ma)
is h
ere
show
n in
the
Jura
ssic
str
ata
of th
e R
eddi
ng s
ubte
rran
e an
d, if
th
e is
otop
ic a
ges
are
corr
ect,
wou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
acc
retio
nary
plu
tons
of t
he W
este
rn H
ayfo
rk e
piso
de.
In
the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
acc
retio
nary
plu
tons
(so
lid g
reen
) of
the
Wes
tern
Hay
fork
epi
sode
are
nu
mer
ous,
intr
udin
g th
e C
alav
eras
terr
rane
, and
the
Sho
o F
ly C
ompl
ex a
nd J
uras
sic
volc
anic
arc
(gr
een
patte
rn)
of th
e N
orth
ern
Sie
rra
terr
ane.
Som
e of
thes
e pl
uton
s ar
e cu
t by
the
Mel
ones
and
Cal
aver
as-
Sho
o F
ly fa
ults
. The
acc
retio
nary
Hay
pres
s C
reek
plu
ton
(Z 1
66 M
a) in
trud
es th
e S
ailo
r C
anyo
n F
m
whi
ch is
ear
ly B
ajoc
ian
and
olde
r Ju
rass
ic in
age
. Ove
rlyin
g th
e S
ailo
r C
anyo
n F
m is
the
vol
cani
c-ric
h an
d sl
ight
ly y
oung
er J
uras
sic
Tuttl
e La
ke F
m. N
orth
war
d th
e Ju
rass
ic v
olca
nic
arc
incl
udes
dom
inan
tly
ande
sitic
vol
cani
c ro
cks
of th
e M
ount
Jur
a an
d K
ettle
Roc
k se
quen
ces.
The
Sca
les
plut
on (
Z 1
68 M
a),
show
n w
est o
f the
acc
retio
nary
sut
ure,
intr
uded
upw
ard
from
the
Fid
dle
Cre
ek c
ompl
ex (
uppe
r P
aleo
-zo
ic to
Jur
assi
c (?
)) in
to a
n ov
erth
rust
pla
te o
f the
Low
er J
uras
sic
Sla
te C
reek
com
plex
(S
alee
by a
nd
othe
rs, 1
989)
, the
reby
est
ablis
hing
a m
inim
um a
ge fo
r th
e am
algm
atio
n of
the
Fid
dle
Cre
ek a
nd S
late
C
reek
com
plex
es.
RAT
TLE
SN
AK
E C
RE
EK
EP
ISO
DE
T
he R
attle
snak
e C
reek
terr
ane
of th
e K
lam
ath
Mou
ntai
ns a
nd th
e C
entr
al b
elt o
f the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada
are
sim
ilar
com
plex
es th
at in
dica
te s
ubst
antia
l tec
toni
c di
srup
tion
of th
e oc
eani
c cr
usta
l and
vo
lcan
ic a
rc r
ocks
wes
t of t
he a
ccre
tiona
ry s
utur
e. B
oth
com
plex
es in
clud
e di
smem
bere
d op
hiol
ite,
slab
s of
maf
ic v
olca
nic
and
sedi
men
tary
form
atio
ns, r
adio
laria
n ch
ert,
min
or li
mes
tone
, and
blo
cks
of
amph
ibol
ite. I
n th
e S
ierr
a N
evad
a, th
e C
entr
al b
elt h
as b
een
map
ped
as e
ight
or
mor
e in
divi
dual
te
rran
es (
see
She
et 1
). B
oth
com
plex
es c
onta
in P
erm
ian,
Tria
ssic
, and
Ear
ly a
nd M
iddl
e Ju
rass
ic fo
ssils
. B
oth
com
plex
es in
clud
e pr
eacc
retio
nary
~20
0 M
a pl
uton
s.
P
roto
liths
of t
he R
attle
snak
e C
reek
terr
ane
wer
e s
ubdu
cted
ben
eath
the
Wes
tern
Hay
fork
su
bter
rane
alo
ng th
e S
alt C
reek
and
cor
rela
tive
faul
ts. F
ossi
ls in
the
limes
tone
ran
ge fr
om la
teP
aleo
zoic
to T
riass
ic. T
hose
in c
hert
are
mos
tly T
riass
ic a
nd E
arly
to M
iddl
e Ju
rass
ic, s
ome
of
whi
ch m
ay b
e as
you
ng a
s B
atho
nian
. Dur
ing
the
accr
etio
nary
epi
sode
, man
y la
rge
~16
0 M
a pl
uton
s in
trud
ed th
e W
este
rn H
ayfo
rk a
nd o
ther
str
uctu
rally
hig
her
terr
anes
, inc
ludi
ng th
e Tr
inity
Com
plex
. T
he ti
me
of a
ccre
tion
is b
road
ly c
onst
rain
ed to
Cal
lovi
an-O
xfor
dian
(~
160
Ma)
by
the
Mid
dle
Jura
ssic
foss
ils, a
nd b
y th
e ab
unda
nce
of ~
160
Ma
accr
etio
nary
plu
tons
.In
the
Sie
rra
Nev
ada,
the
Cen
tral
bel
t inc
lude
s m
any
smal
l oce
anic
vol
cani
c ar
c te
rran
es o
f pr
obab
le T
riass
ic a
nd E
arly
Jur
assi
c ag
e, o
phio
litic
roc
ks, r
are
Car
boni
fero
us a
nd P
erm
ian
limes
tone
, ch
ert c
onta
inin
g La
te T
riass
ic a
nd E
arly
Jur
assi
c ra
diol
aria
ns, a
nd s
mal
l Ear
ly J
uras
sic
(~20
0 M
a) p
re-
2003
Not
e: c
m C
entr
al M
etam
orph
ic te
rran
e
ek
Eas
tern
Kla
mat
h te
rran
e
fj
For
t Jon
es te
rran
e
wk
Wes
tern
Kla
mat
h te
rran
e
Bc
Buc
hia
conc
entr
ica
Tet
hyan
faun
a
Vol
cani
c un
it
Early Cretaceous subduction zone at uncertain distance and lo
cation west o
f Sierra
Nevada
Aub
urn
Aub
urn
Aub
urn
Z18
2Z
200
Z19
6
Z19
0Z
199 Z19
8
Gal
ice
Fm
Bc
BcB
c
Bc
RED
DIN
G
YR
EKA
Yrekasubterra
ne
Red
ding
Red
ding
Red
ding
Red
ding
subt
erra
nesu
bter
rane
subt
erra
nesu
bter
rane
Late
Silu
rian
(?) t
o D
evon
ian
time
(Devonian or older volcanic and sedimentary rocks) Proto Central Metamorphic terrane
Bul
ly C
hoop
Fau
lt
Cen
tral
Met
amor
phic
epi
sode
RED
DIN
G
YR
EKA
Trin
itysu
bter
rane
Yreka subterrane
(Metamorphosed Triassic and older oceanic subduction complex)
Perm
ian–
Tria
ssic
tim
e
Central Metamorphic terrane
ek
ek
Pro
to S
iski
you
Faul
t
Proto Fort Jones terrane
F
ort J
ones
Epi
sode
RED
DIN
G
YR
EKA
Trin
itysu
bter
rane
Yreka subterraneEa
rly
Jura
ssic
tim
e
(Permian to Early Jurassic oceanic subduction complex)
ek
ek
Sis
kiyo
u Fa
ult
Central Metamorphic terrane
Fort Jones terrane
Proto North Fork Terrane
f j
Nor
th F
ork
epis
ode
North Fork terrane
Central Metamorphic terraneFort Jones terrane
Yreka subterrane Trin
itysu
bter
rane
RED
DIN
G
YR
EKA
earl
y(?)
Mid
dle
Jura
ssic
(~
Bajo
cian
) tim
e ?
Proto Eastern Hayfork terrane (exotic oceanic melange)
Twin
Sis
ters
Fau
lt
ek
ek
E
aste
rn H
ayfo
rk e
piso
dela
te M
idd
le Ju
rass
ic (B
atho
nian
to e
arly
Cal
lovi
an) t
ime
Trin
itysu
bter
rane
Yreka subterraneCentral Metamorphic te
rrane
Fort Jones terrane
North Fork terrane
Eastern Hayfork
terrane
RED
DIN
G
YR
EKA
Wils
on P
oint
Fau
lt
ek
ek
Wes
tern
Hay
fork
epi
sode
YR
EK
A
RE
DD
ING
Trin
itysu
bter
rane
Yreka subterrane
Central Metamorphic terrane
Eastern Hayfork
terra
ne
Western H
ayfork
terra
ne
Proto Rattlesnake Creek terrane (ophiolitic m
elange)
late
Mid
dle
to e
arly
Lat
e Ju
rass
ic(C
allo
vian
to e
arly
Oxf
ord
ian)
tim
e
Sal
t Cre
ek F
ault
ek
ek
Rat
tlesn
ake
Cre
ek e
piso
deL
ate
Jura
ssic
(lat
e K
imm
erid
gian
to
earl
y Ti
thon
ian)
tim
e (~
150
Ma)
Wes
tern
Kla
mat
h ep
isod
e
YR
EK
A RE
DD
ING
Trin
itysu
bter
rane
Yrekasubterra
ne
North Fork terrane
Fort Jones terrane
Eastern Hayfork terrane
Western Hay
fork te
rrane
Rattlesnake
Creek
terrane
Western Klamath terrane
Proto Pickett Peak terrane, Coast Ranges province
Sou
th F
ork
Faul
t
w w
ek
ek
Ear
ly C
reta
ceou
s ti
me
(~14
0 M
a to
~12
0 M
a)
Sepa
ratio
n e
piso
de
RE
DD
ING
YR
EK
A
Trin
itysu
bter
rane
Yreka subterrane
Fort Jones terraneCentral Metamorphic te
rrane
North Fork terrane
Eastern Hayfork terrane
Western Hay
fork te
rrane
Rattlesn
ake C
reek terra
ne
Bea
r Wal
low
Fau
lt
ek
ek
f jf j
cmcm
wk
f jf j
f j
cm
f j
cm
f jf j
cm
f j
cm
Figu
re 1
.Fi
gure
2.
Figu
re 3
.Fi
gure
4.
Figu
re 5
.Fi
gure
6.
Figu
re 7
.Fi
gure
8.
Red
ding
s
ubte
rran
eR
eddi
ng
sub
terr
ane
Red
ding
s
ubte
rran
eR
eddi
ng
sub
terr
ane
T
Ind
ex m
ap s
how
ing
pres
ent g
eogr
aphi
c al
ignm
ent o
f the
Kla
mat
h M
ount
ains
an
d th
e Si
erra
Nev
ada.
The
figu
res
show
n in
the
succ
essi
on o
f acc
reti
onar
y ep
isod
es a
re m
isal
igne
d fo
r ill
ustr
ativ
e co
nven
ienc
e.
Sou
th F
ork
Mtn
Sch
ist
Mar
ipos
a F
m
U. S
. DE
PAR
TM
EN
T O
F T
HE
INT
ER
IOR
U. S
. GE
OL
OG
ICA
L SU
RV
EY
Z14
0Z
140 Z14
0
Z13
8
Z14
3
Z14
2
Z13
3
Z14
1Z
142
Z12
8Z14
2
Z14
2
Z14
8
Z15
0
Z14
7
Z14
9
Z14
6
Z15
1Z
151
Z15
2Z
150
Z20
4
Z19
6
Z16
4
Z19
3
Z20
5
Z16
2Z16
2Z
159
Z16
4Z
163
Z16
2
Z16
3Z
165 Z
162 Z16
6
Z16
2
Z16
4
Z16
3
Z15
9
Z20
7
Z20
9
Z15
9
Z16
1 Z15
8Z
163
Z16
0
Z15
9
Z15
9
Z15
9
Z16
8
Z17
7
Z17
0 Z17
3
Z16
6
Z17
0
Z16
8
Z17
0 Z17
5Z~
165
Z16
6
Z30
4
Z28
6
Z36
8
Z31
4
Z42
3
Z38
8Z
409
Z38
5Z
385
Z38
5
Z21
6
Z15
1
Z16
2
Z37
8
Z13
9
Z14
1-1
45
b 13
6
h 13
7H
138
Z 1
41-1
45
Z 1
36
Z 1
42-1
45
Z 1
47-1
51
Z 1
47-1
51
Z 1
49
Z 1
50Z 1
46
Z 1
53Z
149
H 1
48
Z 1
54
Z 1
48Z
155
-160
Z 1
93
Z 1
93
Z 2
07
Z 1
98
h 18
9
Z 1
93-2
08
RS
162
Z~
159
Z 1
62
Z~
160
-1
64Z16
2H
165
Z~
161
H 1
67
Z 1
62
Z~
160Z
~16
0
Z 1
56
Z 1
70 Z~
169
Z 1
69
Z 1
70
Z~
168
Z~
170
Z 1
74
Z 1
74
p~16
7
Z 2
60
Z~
567
Z 4
15 Z 4
04
Z 4
31
H 4
18
439
Z 4
00
T T
T
T T
T
h 13
8
p 12
0-13
0
Fort Jones terrane
North Fork terrane
Proto Western Hayfork terrane (volcanic island arc)
Proto Western Klamath terrane
Central Metamorphic terra
ne
Trin
itysu
bter
rane
Continued subduction of oceanic complex
Continued subduction of oceanic complex
Abr
ams
and
Sal
mon
Sch
ists
McC
loud
faun
a
McC
loud
faun
a
OPE
N-F
ILE
RE
POR
T 0
2-49
0
SH
EE
T 2
0F
2