PltFFAlF

ChJl~lI~ (h~flge JlltNIlC eri we to the rra~le ecmiddot)tcm illd uhJtgtk (ommunilic In lhe mouUJm MN of PaliNln_ All ur ntw-oil C~OSlem Me llcpllhk 10 dm~IC ~hmge Iltoce the rJl(lt~ or tbICf an1 ue~pmiddoteod hahuI_ nugr~ung llCeic lfld r(~lmm nlural disalel ar~ a ltlar r~mnder f Ih ftmiddot~I1I~ r nalural ~lttI h 1emrratufc and pnxipnallon h~ngc (IU middotj h- ~Iool

u11l11~ ~uJlgcd terran ~Ink tllef middot0I1lthIlO middotarmiddot lIclohood ltlpportUIlIIICgt nd 1 cny hae marle h n Igtr ll1C 1 gtpk II mg 11 rcmogtlC IIXgtunIJIlH)Il area c~lrccl) ulllerh- In the( dle 1) m~n~ othcr nUmJln 1]lon 11h~ middotorld dimltc ooucJ h1n~c h a) hcltgtnlC qUI1 lppltmnt IIlC mounlan - of PlkIIm 1l1fIl) (1 It1C ~Iaer- arc melt 11 and filly I polenlllliv hazlrdu~ la~e hJe replttcJI~ dcvelltlpcJ (he tm (Nally letalkJ mfornltlon on the _[CClftc GLOF eCm Iomnffi hOoellhtn II ltkIIl~Ije It-UN ll0n0b e IxCIl fClt~Ocd on lhe )oro1f~11 ~JI1I III Ihe I (WIgt huntrej )~a Ih~ Unen 1~lu lt)i ItIC JenlI~1

JI~(III b~n h (h~LJ Ihe numocr of jlOlenhaily hM-aroou lo1e U1d Ih locotln on hIgt II Me1 h nc Il orne I thorn haH ltl1~aJ~ JraJ at ncw b~c ha drdupetn gt11gt1 FIa~I~d ~Jl I rormll Olltlmllflllj ~nJ eoiIUllJcgtn 111_ Igtcn amJ OUI 10 ahdJIC Iltormtlt(1II nO Ihe I~II ot b)n TIlCrcIOR UUfdC and lonlprchcnc klelttJoi~ 01 ~Ilcc lIld g)-Jllah of uunollmplrlaOC~

1n Iltd 1Cm IUJ r~rn J-lelld In (onItltltn W-Llh Ihc ~Lr

icWlrce Rec-h InlimlC 11 lhe Jllollill -gnullur~1 RCledfCh (nu-1 -u1 dlUll 10 prolJ I 1ue) Hr~e III (lLOI w_arJ tu~tj III the ~IUn b Ulll-1 n II -0-ltgt1111 lt1111 of Ihe ~nHlIUnl1ie fld heir ~pltniC I uh hllmi ielc loo1f t Hunu v~nc (jhul~m ~nJ Iu gl ergtl 11k ~ud~ Jm JI IdcnlJtmiddot~ the nI~ gap an1 lIuta Ihe dlltcr n) redUcI me~halll 311h~ ~()mmU1) lnU 101 Id anJ dclt nmrncnduull IUf 11ll1pound 11k c~n~ d bler prcard ~I~ 111 It 11-0 rrm de 1IIPOfi 10 the J010I en un_ If JoicmnlCnl nd nonmiddot ~nnomcnt (If~UlpoundIIIn In~ tnf xuermcnt r Itgt1 nwly~n laquoFnn clan on IICI)IreJmiddot I mill)llon IIlC 11 nalr) hJ_ Thmiddot ellont hd~ h~tgte onlllleJ 10 ~Uc ~TlJ -Ife-Igt of (jLOI hazard hUI the IP-h toll~d -n oc Klop~1 flgtr aO Ilt nllur~1 hJLn

bull Th( Iud hi lwl Ih~ ~ 0 Ihe ul~r~bc ~~nmLIIII~ ltan be reduced b~

trn)lhellln~ non-mklufal md ommunl1 baed JlprMche~ r t)~ter Rk IkJuhll leenhcle the f1e of trunoral fllJllfalion CJn nn Ik ovcrlooked aud ~naln Irulural UngIn meau(( h~ land llIanJ~(nlCnt Iuog lthanndhnll phoTl Ill Iumplll~ lu ~ J]o been prOf -d blgtltd on hc locJlot Lm~l ion ~nal ~

1111 rClur~rnnt

A ck nuwlcdgnltllts

Iln~ of the ~e) bttielt of the GLO~ KIl Kedu~tl(m 11l11ltie~ for the Iltlllalaya j

h ~ddr~ Ihe fl p~d h) fil OF Ihrough rengThlning nonmiddottnlmiddottural ~nd ~I)IHI11Ulllly ba~d di~ser ri f(dudioll ilfcoer the e~pcriences aod lemolngs derivcd fmm Ihc PWJCd II SUppIJI1 the IIJIlOllal )oernmem~ IIlJ Ll)P (oum) ottl~C 11 dcclopUI~

lralq-ic~ OlnJ pfltl)cc[ addrctnl- (iLOI n~~~ It 111 al( Igtcoefn vulnerahk mntln ~mllmlle md 1ltgt1 ~JmlllltrLIIe dep~l1menl in ollligLlion effon 10 mini mile the II h phed hy h dl ler

Th~ rt~ f (llI IlIPFCHO fr realinng Impo1~II~C 01 GLUI huarj h~hl

~ppri~led TIt- ~1n)Ullon of the proJlaquo1 learn an Ir ZIllgtalr 1ullhtJ Jlin~1

OJaler RL 1lt IeIn 1flOf of lmiddotl)PmiddotCme~ revcnuon ~J Rmiddot(~cr lmiddotnn III pnJ~ n~l~-l lruh _ulI fll ~~mm~ out the field ~ure aquIhon UI ~lt1urcd data mJ udul mhmnallln Imm ~nI dlelwgtlder Jnd COl11mUI1II hir~l~ a~~n)ktlgnl The JluJIgtIe ~uppon JIlIIIn1en~t honlgt Ott I Ih~ (h~1 nel2r Ikm re the onllCm Area Ih101o DclarlnlltI11 Ofl~ uj Ihe Ol~tnt C ~mr~ioncf Gil)il It Su~r1I RutJ C HUlIa 11lt1 1r mlr ~ Iun Tehldal GOlal to II 1lt ndt_iiIlR Ih J-rgtIIICnt ur) i hfhl) pprelal~d n~ Uppon 01 lhe

f Jl ImiddotIIIUS I mmilarian U1 Ih lidJ ur9middot I gla~ler 11 gl)1 Ile 11 hUll Th~ ~IU) le~1I1 -hi ~IO He 10 IIMnl III paJllltul~r lI1ltmtgto r the Core or~lIl8 GHur D- E)ihmcd ~ t- Pdk In Ilr Ghul~UI Ragto1 I~~Nm 1 ~1 1)1--11 I1(n 11- Gh=r- Ii (l1)al Chanyene Imp-I ~uId~ Centn Ir [Ia KlI1rn Fn-uJ~e Rtcmiddot ~J RdJlgtiltl~I ~uthonl~ and IT Ahmed han IIJ WII ~mrr~mme fOf IhltJI iluabk lolltnNI1n h the oe(1lI IIr Th ~uppr1 r I )Jm IIS- nd Imrdn Ah fr da~ dllIIp11(nl 11)1 ~0111plallun highl~ Jprni~led

ThL tud ledm middotuld lt~e 10 acbgtowledl-c the ullon Ifktl hy ~nnul1ltic ot Ghlk111 Hu~~ Jml I-u middotllage_ Jnd WfIIl ai h~ltmiddot t nprc immengtoC ~rnlllKk I Ill lUI L-~ nlrrl1 t) pJII~nlmd couperalJgtc durUlS lldd ohcT~I1n md data cmiddotlfedn d konS it pogtlbk 10 aIhe Ihe de~d re~lll

ExccutiHSunllmlr)

III fli 1(ldt Ihe IrlaquoJItrlC) rIoI (~NI) r oalural huards lile lash 1l00d ind (I ial Ile OuhUN Hlt1 rGU)F hal lor lt1 In the llimaJa)an rc~11 ( Pln Il~h lila) ~ oIu Ibal ~rnllng Hun( Iier Ia~ In Ihe KarJ)orJ(tl Krn~- II ClCIll~ Ih dkd 01 dUl(al dId In he (rm 01 fJpJd melll~ 01 lbmiddotlal c a pall r 1110 e~lnn~ b)e md rcmon oj 0- lakes hKh I ulll1llJI~I) r~llh) Ln (i1OF hII(I downlreun Itcnl) lhere h 1Jt numtlCr Qr GI 01 elI in (jpl Tehil oj Ilunl_ I h~ _rlt rIlIIl IIlpalh or rumll1 ion 01 1h(~( Id)e lh l 1 ~(T(r lhlat 10 1jIJmiddotmiddot1 IIIJt~ 111 the alley The valrl IIKIlt Ii~

ullnll 0Iml)llI P~u ~rHj BaIU arc blellmiddot In Ihe IJle 01 r-~egtlOn rad IO Ihe 11111 I gla allalmiddot Snral (i[ 0F nenh hale lCu=d due to fNlllJtl(n I ul gIJ-JIIh- ar Ghul)m rl r nj r~hlng 1 ~ltI-l(ainl jJJIlmeol b)~ n~t Itl r~u ~IJolmiddotmiddot hd nuh~j in In r ~griOlhurJ lanol lm~ IIId mrratnlllur~

d(flall WUh he pg- j hlllt Irequell I (iLOF eenrgt lias IOcrealoCd In Ille IeJ due h dunre HriabllJl~ Ilic IUlIIltn demand haalll prcpare-dnr nd n) r~ - f_Jn 11 C IIIIUI lei

RCJIIInl h pltl1aur GLOF 10 Ial mmunHie undcr L--Or-DIJler I~~

RmiddotJu--u nllalmiddote d r(1l1 iLOF hMltd ~nol rik JnlClU luj liled m lb HUIlII 1 N Iiin nt rhe fulhern r~a hcr- (tl 01 lIazanJ alu ~ ~ ilI I rk pkngtmen (onunu~ 1gt11 r~pmgtC GLOF n) redulll1 ~nd Irela~dn~ ~middotaluImiddotJ middot1II1gtmiddotIgtcJ rye) JI lltgtndUICd m the (hu lklll HuUTlI md PIU vjlfa~c 1~led Tlcn (hllln and Pau glcr n Goial Iehlt N 11111

lJ pl LlIlh ~bu~1 n~ h fmuldO blt )I) ~gnlt1l11uallmj 111 Ultlllllc lgt If~ng h Idlht~h h I CII Imp1 ll cmk UUalO of the unllnunu~ h~ middotmmiddot ul Illlt uTC)~d nliJge (hul~ HUImi Illd Pau I h1lllh uln~ fk ~ nn l(mal Pgt Inu rrep tfl( ~ e~ in IOCC flagn Th (OnlllI) 1 1lt -h middotell I n I h(ip b In ~ an oIler n~lnt 01 -enc_ PPic putllpil~ lcl) n proldm) ~ualm and relel Tmiddotimiddot~ I tillt 1~llrn un~ bull 11 (lcn~l~ ~nj ~nkdg_ Du f~r middot~m- oInII la) r flIT~e ~nJ pnopr ml11ajJemem thll1 the ~~lem_ lhe~ h~ prubkm n l)~ dle C~~~gtt1 maure ror n) 01 liT nHIlI (~r ~t lmlldiLh II~ en demlJ 111 Jcne nd ~nolnl~ ahum Mlural Il e~rn tildlll~ n huanJ ~~I(l lIld nmiddotI~m Jnd miligallon

frmiddotrs III iolcT~In Ih ommul1lt~ up rhgtal nuili(lTl 01 lh(- JJ Jnd Jlvl Iml1allOlh d~nu f~d foil ng middotmiddot 1111011(011 havc Ix~n ulI-ted lot Ihe Iud) arc

(r~Ie an~ of flud hJl~nl pr~PJrcJI1C and nl r~d~tioll dllln~ lr~~1

~111Jn 01 Ie) llkch-ld hl1P~rT po-liLj IrJI11J 10 Ih 1 11 Ul1lU Iug 11 ~P~ll huloI~ ha 01 ri~ JelCnl mllI1011 _d ~I~ minll

HM~rd IfqJlr~Jl no 1 nU~~ hogtn MrJI~gI~ nel 10 ~ Jevdltd aI 11) kd th the 1gtI~llIcnt of dlr1~t rnadg~rn utd Idl )1lIH1c W thJI Ihese ~ulJ 11lt ~JgtplcU ~nd HIkllentcU erfe~ttd~

joll I rin bullbull1 h [[1lt-SI a1 b~~ and halud gt(nl tfC relUl red rr Ifkc I e rh~ mIl IgJtto tid ~JrI) n~ ~) [em

Ir~ el~nH 1Im middotf Ingtalir pyenam~tCIgt hke tcmpcrutufl rilnlJll 1 IImhlbull ltt n~rl I oc IIetJ Ji hllhor el~IJ[m Itgt ~un ~lc~1 pmiddotWflt r diml~ chJnF rh~nmnn th- ~(gtrthelJl a~ The nUln~r 01 ~U1nwt1

~dlhcr ~liO[h pi PDA hould ~ ntcnoed for Ih Jl1lle cIrcuih 111 relllOl~ mJ

Slrung Hllermiddotltn~1 dI~ I~OJ het~cn JII dcmcnt underpinned b) erfctl~

)(ernal~ ami lnUII d ~1T~n~Cn~nl~ urdudin rflCI lt cOlllmunkaun prclmiddot

The err ull dl~tc mIIIJe~1 JIkI Mrat~gl~ d(ldopcd hgtr th Irpr~ mugt lue ~VUILl1tl I~npalhgtn II kleb

nlr~ huld he nbull I jMl I liul) Jlnrng Sern un GLOr hazsfjj

~dIcJ III 10 11f)r~lt )m

Tabll of Cuntcnb

1 IllGROlD I 1 IN

1Indgtlt 1110 11 It I] n I~~J (n b middot1 h o S oJ -er

[ I doJ pu

e M Ih )

udI II)~ ~ 1 lLIII IIF 1)(1 middotUI IIRUI~T 11gt C 0 K 1- 1 CI b ( iI -J (I 1I

~ r un1 1o~tlI-lIlR~T HOOI)~ I( TIJI Cu j( ( M LJ (h uN n ltI H I H) GUIbImllu I II -bull Io(~ 1 11

I (

lt II Z IUlIRI 1RnlES D IHK I IIC 110 l H I middot1 e I I ~ bull Tup 1(LOI d middotnr ~I

II 1 mo OI 1ltInIgtImiddot

I b nmiddot 1 10 1 S

(P bull

7 UllllIII I)IUOlllltIITII)S Cnd II ~I

lIiblw~rnlh ( I ltA r~r

middot~ur~

I)n bullbull

Lisl or Figures

118Urt ~ 1

hgurt

Igure L1

hgu~ ~-I

rgu 25

I-og 2 b

F8Urt I I

h~urt3~

F~Llr~ J~

hiuel-l

~gUl -I 1

F~n 4-1

F~ -I 5a

FM -I 6 Iogulc -I 7

I-ogmc ~ I

LaIlOl1 0 H~ R- B on

I I red 111 Ghullo II nd Pa ~J HalU alley

(101lt1) 01 Hunn

n HI( of IMunns Hun73 I-alley

10mhly J JI on l cmPltrllurt 11 (id ~kolltgtl~1 J

1mhll d h~l)e f Hu 1( at Dam~ Rnd~c m a ~~ I 1 n0Il I unmcr TemufC flul) -Sqgtlemlgtlt-rI a (iI~t 110

T d 01 W)t 1IIIJlraturt 1lan1) ~fJ~h I al (j]pl tall

1 nJ 01 Annual rrc~rl011 rcngtrded at rtlg1 IltIU

11 gr~rh 0 dJnjC Itt XIIgtfi 01 the IIUlJ ~1Cleflt rc ISS) Ifn (bmiddotmiddot1 JI 1111

DlTef rIa h)drojrlJb IletItl mora anr1 middotmiddotIiOId Jic HS lIMTh)

Jee and ltCmltnl dgtmmed l~l~ e Hun1a R~ In dammed I~le II (A S C 1)+ ded b~ Juhn 119RR) MiJltJtloa urn 1~74 If- Jnd R~tJIIIl (~~~ I~I

GllUlkin and Hul ilia) r GilulkLI1 j1gtlt oCr

Of lhc amr~ c~ued ~_ GLOI- WI (ihul~n ~Ier unnR ~(~l~

on gt1 3 gtuprr~Iall~k~ Oil Ghulbn ~Ir ~ II ~(~~ ( ) hrlw- han

11 ~llthl v( ~1a1I11~ 1CjOn ~ttel ~re~lu~ jLO~ gtu e) un ~~u lb Uj

Pau I ~~ m po lhe~1 of (1 OF h~lu-d lilt lla~~ (mlllu l)

1tJ- pisllIalcr ~I 01 1 JII I Jbgtltrv~d f rTl ~kJ l uflt 1 ~r--kd aU (ijl ~nd t~fioer rlloe 1() n nd-oc JJ lme-J lake Ikdorcd aile lhe glao~ e~M

The pfmiddotnl flt or I 1hi meh ul uf lhoc gltf ~rdh filled the Pau [rl- a11~r GLOr ecDl In ~1ugtd lXII

S 01 lile ltuhTllgtle e~ III (~J~I 1M KKH rong ~ 1lt ra (0 Hu l la~c on I~lual rtJor4on 01 Cihul~n glacier k I lltr UIpl) yen PPlt 01 ~hnrnI (d) hunt L~k an1 uk lh nOl1h I 0hulk Ln ~ 1 cT

Imn~1 nmrlll n bac~g nuKI lel blld~c n lrom j cdm)(~c 1 Ifgt Ghul~l II~gc 111 lhe )IIll1 uf Ghutn )Ia~r

1g~un~ (il OF hazard on Ghul~ Ixie lUgtlI preen~ me~Uf( PJlI~

phrIntf IIltthod 10 Ie don the ~l Inel fa h KI~ ~ce a1l-tn dec(Id lU ~c hnd~e lrum f1KgtIM~d Idl

v

Tabll of Cuntcnb

1 IllGROlD I 1 IN

1Indgtlt 1110 11 It I] n I~~J (n b middot1 h o S oJ -er

[ I doJ pu

e M Ih )

udI II)~ ~ 1 lLIII IIF 1)(1 middotUI IIRUI~T 11gt C 0 K 1- 1 CI b ( iI -J (I 1I

~ r un1 1o~tlI-lIlR~T HOOI)~ I( TIJI Cu j( ( M LJ (h uN n ltI H I H) GUIbImllu I II -bull Io(~ 1 11

I (

lt II Z IUlIRI 1RnlES D IHK I IIC 110 l H I middot1 e I I ~ bull Tup 1(LOI d middotnr ~I

II 1 mo OI 1ltInIgtImiddot

I b nmiddot 1 10 1 S

(P bull

7 UllllIII I)IUOlllltIITII)S Cnd II ~I

lIiblw~rnlh ( I ltA r~r

middot~ur~

I)n bullbull

Lisl or Figures

118Urt ~ 1

hgurt

Igure L1

hgu~ ~-I

rgu 25

I-og 2 b

F8Urt I I

h~urt3~

F~Llr~ J~

hiuel-l

~gUl -I 1

F~n 4-1

F~ -I 5a

FM -I 6 Iogulc -I 7

I-ogmc ~ I

LaIlOl1 0 H~ R- B on

I I red 111 Ghullo II nd Pa ~J HalU alley

(101lt1) 01 Hunn

n HI( of IMunns Hun73 I-alley

10mhly J JI on l cmPltrllurt 11 (id ~kolltgtl~1 J

1mhll d h~l)e f Hu 1( at Dam~ Rnd~c m a ~~ I 1 n0Il I unmcr TemufC flul) -Sqgtlemlgtlt-rI a (iI~t 110

T d 01 W)t 1IIIJlraturt 1lan1) ~fJ~h I al (j]pl tall

1 nJ 01 Annual rrc~rl011 rcngtrded at rtlg1 IltIU

11 gr~rh 0 dJnjC Itt XIIgtfi 01 the IIUlJ ~1Cleflt rc ISS) Ifn (bmiddotmiddot1 JI 1111

DlTef rIa h)drojrlJb IletItl mora anr1 middotmiddotIiOId Jic HS lIMTh)

Jee and ltCmltnl dgtmmed l~l~ e Hun1a R~ In dammed I~le II (A S C 1)+ ded b~ Juhn 119RR) MiJltJtloa urn 1~74 If- Jnd R~tJIIIl (~~~ I~I

GllUlkin and Hul ilia) r GilulkLI1 j1gtlt oCr

Of lhc amr~ c~ued ~_ GLOI- WI (ihul~n ~Ier unnR ~(~l~

on gt1 3 gtuprr~Iall~k~ Oil Ghulbn ~Ir ~ II ~(~~ ( ) hrlw- han

11 ~llthl v( ~1a1I11~ 1CjOn ~ttel ~re~lu~ jLO~ gtu e) un ~~u lb Uj

Pau I ~~ m po lhe~1 of (1 OF h~lu-d lilt lla~~ (mlllu l)

1tJ- pisllIalcr ~I 01 1 JII I Jbgtltrv~d f rTl ~kJ l uflt 1 ~r--kd aU (ijl ~nd t~fioer rlloe 1() n nd-oc JJ lme-J lake Ikdorcd aile lhe glao~ e~M

The pfmiddotnl flt or I 1hi meh ul uf lhoc gltf ~rdh filled the Pau [rl- a11~r GLOr ecDl In ~1ugtd lXII

S 01 lile ltuhTllgtle e~ III (~J~I 1M KKH rong ~ 1lt ra (0 Hu l la~c on I~lual rtJor4on 01 Cihul~n glacier k I lltr UIpl) yen PPlt 01 ~hnrnI (d) hunt L~k an1 uk lh nOl1h I 0hulk Ln ~ 1 cT

Imn~1 nmrlll n bac~g nuKI lel blld~c n lrom j cdm)(~c 1 Ifgt Ghul~l II~gc 111 lhe )IIll1 uf Ghutn )Ia~r

1g~un~ (il OF hazard on Ghul~ Ixie lUgtlI preen~ me~Uf( PJlI~

phrIntf IIltthod 10 Ie don the ~l Inel fa h KI~ ~ce a1l-tn dec(Id lU ~c hnd~e lrum f1KgtIM~d Idl

v

Lisl or Figures

118Urt ~ 1

hgurt

Igure L1

hgu~ ~-I

rgu 25

I-og 2 b

F8Urt I I

h~urt3~

F~Llr~ J~

hiuel-l

~gUl -I 1

F~n 4-1

F~ -I 5a

FM -I 6 Iogulc -I 7

I-ogmc ~ I

LaIlOl1 0 H~ R- B on

I I red 111 Ghullo II nd Pa ~J HalU alley

(101lt1) 01 Hunn

n HI( of IMunns Hun73 I-alley

10mhly J JI on l cmPltrllurt 11 (id ~kolltgtl~1 J

1mhll d h~l)e f Hu 1( at Dam~ Rnd~c m a ~~ I 1 n0Il I unmcr TemufC flul) -Sqgtlemlgtlt-rI a (iI~t 110

T d 01 W)t 1IIIJlraturt 1lan1) ~fJ~h I al (j]pl tall

1 nJ 01 Annual rrc~rl011 rcngtrded at rtlg1 IltIU

11 gr~rh 0 dJnjC Itt XIIgtfi 01 the IIUlJ ~1Cleflt rc ISS) Ifn (bmiddotmiddot1 JI 1111

DlTef rIa h)drojrlJb IletItl mora anr1 middotmiddotIiOId Jic HS lIMTh)

Jee and ltCmltnl dgtmmed l~l~ e Hun1a R~ In dammed I~le II (A S C 1)+ ded b~ Juhn 119RR) MiJltJtloa urn 1~74 If- Jnd R~tJIIIl (~~~ I~I

GllUlkin and Hul ilia) r GilulkLI1 j1gtlt oCr

Of lhc amr~ c~ued ~_ GLOI- WI (ihul~n ~Ier unnR ~(~l~

on gt1 3 gtuprr~Iall~k~ Oil Ghulbn ~Ir ~ II ~(~~ ( ) hrlw- han

11 ~llthl v( ~1a1I11~ 1CjOn ~ttel ~re~lu~ jLO~ gtu e) un ~~u lb Uj

Pau I ~~ m po lhe~1 of (1 OF h~lu-d lilt lla~~ (mlllu l)

1tJ- pisllIalcr ~I 01 1 JII I Jbgtltrv~d f rTl ~kJ l uflt 1 ~r--kd aU (ijl ~nd t~fioer rlloe 1() n nd-oc JJ lme-J lake Ikdorcd aile lhe glao~ e~M

The pfmiddotnl flt or I 1hi meh ul uf lhoc gltf ~rdh filled the Pau [rl- a11~r GLOr ecDl In ~1ugtd lXII

S 01 lile ltuhTllgtle e~ III (~J~I 1M KKH rong ~ 1lt ra (0 Hu l la~c on I~lual rtJor4on 01 Cihul~n glacier k I lltr UIpl) yen PPlt 01 ~hnrnI (d) hunt L~k an1 uk lh nOl1h I 0hulk Ln ~ 1 cT

Imn~1 nmrlll n bac~g nuKI lel blld~c n lrom j cdm)(~c 1 Ifgt Ghul~l II~gc 111 lhe )IIll1 uf Ghutn )Ia~r

1g~un~ (il OF hazard on Ghul~ Ixie lUgtlI preen~ me~Uf( PJlI~

phrIntf IIltthod 10 Ie don the ~l Inel fa h KI~ ~ce a1l-tn dec(Id lU ~c hnd~e lrum f1KgtIM~d Idl

v

Lbl of T a bl l-s

I hi I rXrlIogrph llnJ In (131 TeI1

L ~k klll r~nlJ1 vi Ie IcJ 1~rH 11gtlt= orthm 1t ( 1)((1 oJI)l

IJ~I~~I c 1n I kdCd KJlol~m jlli1Lcn

T Ir ~ 1 ~lurll htJJrJ c(nl In the lIunu aile 18lQmiddot1~1

ARI iT Ilt Rnllt CIlltl HHO FRC FT FF ffl FO (U( ( r (LOF (01 l I GSI HII ICIIOO IIU 11lt middot [~IR

ILCIi hh1I I 1((

masl H 11 1lt( CIC 0[ middot PH(

PI P1Il PR 1lt111 l 1)1 I lt(~

PI)

Fe RRI

bb r ialiolls

llh~ Kh~n Rural Support Prl~rlmrne J~~ )pJcc bome n~nnd[ EmissIOn ami Retleclionlbdugti lkln Ru 1M Crie Pr~~nun and Recover Cn Irc~1gtOl and R~ergt lOll EUrlPdrl Commissoo HunwnilMian Aul Dcptnmenl Enrfcrk~ Rehcl Cell FlJ~rdl1~ Admmscrtd Tnhbull1 ArCJ R~h Fb Jd Icdcral Ho~ emm~lon

Frnr W Ir~ Organilalll ~l G I~hJI (hngc Imparl StuJ (entrc GcFrdph lntormuon S) Iem GIJal l ~c Uubut Fl Gu~mmenl 01 PiligtIlIl (Iobal PIIHHlIl1) tcm GcoloJIJI Sur-e of PJkl~lan Hindukuh KaJ ocalll middot HullaIJJ I ntrm~tlI1al (emr~ tor ImclPalcU Ioumun n-elupm~m Imcl)emnymal Prncl on (llrnJtc Chrn~e InJu Rer ~tcm uth~

Im~matHgtn 1 Stratq for J) llrr RcJuc iOIl lntcTrl Jl10na I Lmoll for (nn~cl Ilium f J Jtul-a1 RC)lrce KlIalrdrn HghJ LHlLhuu Ib tllt~ 01 GIJltlug JIltl G~nvlo~) IlIet al l sea Ie eI (tm lrCJ Comer ~(in Sirale) nrm c1gt D~l er l ana~(ment Autln b(n1 Agrlu l lur~1 Rlltmiddota rdl Centre blu 1CrlI iaagcmcU( Cdl JImal DIaler lanlJltlll luthoril P~I~n phullUrdl Reareh ( )uDc1 PTucMllm~al J)epanmcnt PililaIl ~ I ChOrgal [)middotl~nngt(nt

fgtannrj IQ~ rural appmal Publl lt~middotlor Dc~ l opmcnt Prraquo)rn L nted NJtion~ odopmcnt Pr~rlmmc lnncd ~I~IC (itllugial Surc~ uer and Io~r Oeiopmm uthont Ita and n~~ C mllUun lt~crctJndt

Iter RlII~C R~~ rlth IIlI1He

ARI iT Ilt Rnllt CIlltl HHO FRC FT FF ffl FO (U( ( r (LOF (01 l I GSI HII ICIIOO IIU 11lt middot [~IR

ILCIi hh1I I 1((

masl H 11 1lt( CIC 0[ middot PH(

PI P1Il PR 1lt111 l 1)1 I lt(~

PI)

Fe RRI

bb r ialiolls

llh~ Kh~n Rural Support Prl~rlmrne J~~ )pJcc bome n~nnd[ EmissIOn ami Retleclionlbdugti lkln Ru 1M Crie Pr~~nun and Recover Cn Irc~1gtOl and R~ergt lOll EUrlPdrl Commissoo HunwnilMian Aul Dcptnmenl Enrfcrk~ Rehcl Cell FlJ~rdl1~ Admmscrtd Tnhbull1 ArCJ R~h Fb Jd Icdcral Ho~ emm~lon

Frnr W Ir~ Organilalll ~l G I~hJI (hngc Imparl StuJ (entrc GcFrdph lntormuon S) Iem GIJal l ~c Uubut Fl Gu~mmenl 01 PiligtIlIl (Iobal PIIHHlIl1) tcm GcoloJIJI Sur-e of PJkl~lan Hindukuh KaJ ocalll middot HullaIJJ I ntrm~tlI1al (emr~ tor ImclPalcU Ioumun n-elupm~m Imcl)emnymal Prncl on (llrnJtc Chrn~e InJu Rer ~tcm uth~

Im~matHgtn 1 Stratq for J) llrr RcJuc iOIl lntcTrl Jl10na I Lmoll for (nn~cl Ilium f J Jtul-a1 RC)lrce KlIalrdrn HghJ LHlLhuu Ib tllt~ 01 GIJltlug JIltl G~nvlo~) IlIet al l sea Ie eI (tm lrCJ Comer ~(in Sirale) nrm c1gt D~l er l ana~(ment Autln b(n1 Agrlu l lur~1 Rlltmiddota rdl Centre blu 1CrlI iaagcmcU( Cdl JImal DIaler lanlJltlll luthoril P~I~n phullUrdl Reareh ( )uDc1 PTucMllm~al J)epanmcnt PililaIl ~ I ChOrgal [)middotl~nngt(nt

fgtannrj IQ~ rural appmal Publl lt~middotlor Dc~ l opmcnt Prraquo)rn L nted NJtion~ odopmcnt Pr~rlmmc lnncd ~I~IC (itllugial Surc~ uer and Io~r Oeiopmm uthont Ita and n~~ C mllUun lt~crctJndt

Iter RlII~C R~~ rlth IIlI1He

ClHl Igttcr I

Background

1l l llIrodurl iIl

Oa Ih~ 1 1 nnal te~de 111111) llbur( 1l1ll n(n( hl~ curTd on t-onhm r~l III hlc reuilrt III d~~Illlll8 lmpJ( 10 lhc Iocmbullbullrmc ~olld luom - dl l1md ~lInollnYmll auJ 11lur1 rr~n tlf thc rc~Iltlt1 Ii tgtltI1~ Inl ngl reco~nlhd I ILl lilt )lalnl nllurr of man) nf he refion ~ommun III ~lupled 1111 the Oh~m r~~ hiill altiludr lnd trl~ l k eoironrn~m 1 iXl1 lunlraims lnd haJkn~e In nUllfalmg nalural ltallnh h ~ e ullal l~k~ Outbutlt1 Fl ~~h (uLO_) III lh~ ltIIllream area In Ihl Pd1 ~O e~r tile ~coer~1 ~1lcr lgtO m lhc iifea i cwlered I he Imked 10 the ~neral c]lIlll( ~hlIlge e~rcnelceJ hen 1 mn) mOUIIlIl ~ lJI Ih mid the Ircnd In glob11 anl1ln~ induccJ h~ ditnltK change IIld~le r~pd f1lc~1 relreuil1chlllg I~ing 10 tormI lt1n 01 ~Iao-al lake 011 n~unJm nd IIII) i Iklenllallor ullkn de-Jla(IIIf [lkllt duc 10 hro~h or 0(111)0(1 trom I(C

ltlr 111ltpound IIlC -d~(I

The ~I~u~r ~l 01 I1KOUnllIn rqimh lIdamp h~ tndKi1Icd ~ glll-1 dcu(~- JUTlI rec~nt ycar-- a ~ r~ult ()f anmn~ trend 11tt )rog trcnd 1Il1l1nh1 ffill h mp-IJ III( oer11 ~m~nlfOnnlonl ~nJ h)dwllgc[ ~)~tern uf the gtoulh AIm regIOn h mpKt ocmll more pfOllrun~ed and hk in fra~lIe Hmall)~11 (co-system he Jtng populall urbanual and IndUln~lllal011 ~re aJding In he MR II Ilrn~c The n III lpercltur~ uld 001 1) rcac the ilemand Ir ~ter bclt~u~ I h )hcr epor11 rtle bUI lI~l 11 boQlt( l1oilullt- of rfll1 JUlh turn cnuhJ rcult m 11 h tluoJ curTCR-e

Thc ~eol1~rrhII1I ()Ilh~ Imcmallonal Kar~(JIaJII ProJlaquot une)eltJ Ihe Hun~ JIIc) helet1l (j1lfll and GUJlIlll along Ihe Karallrull Hhwy III 19SO In llcnlfed Ir~lC I 1) d~IrltgtU tn dcIIt illlhldlo~ a Ie range of hnmiddotlivcd rna uK (men a~ I c II ~ r oIfthlulk( rebtCd ltklm~llon (G(KJdle IltS I) A mng thnc hazud hr dc~mlLlie nr are rol~lcd with lI~ement or ~ I lergt hCllllliler ldJIl~t1relr1al tc to oulhur 1l00d I emiddotdlntmcJ I l k ~ dara~n~ and hurin~ u lti~led 13I1d_ mgallOll )ICni 3M mtratrtlC(U hnstrcJ11l ~on-l JR (Ilc SIlOI and la Jala-hC5 lhh Jre - intll-Utlal lhc mhmcd pklln 01 muci ll alld n~ lid I~ mIllO huards ondudc lIher-rclatt -UOII from lind Jnu lh undcilt-ms H cr (1l idcrabk JMge 1 hhUJtiOlh ha n(lt t-n ropcd du [( lllituale III flunJ Jlk)

T Jdre the neeu 01 ~a(h ot 11)0 ~J and nmmnIllU Ientifitl rur ~ ng 1~ Up1 11 (j t or itM~fd ba ill 1(ILlUnli II OCllI ~alhend lhr(lUjh u tlJlOlh Ih Ih~ urnmunUe ~nl 1~dldltf I ha hccn ltUPltrnl(lIld w illi ltInk r~V l (If ~Ii~bk ut olflgt ~t IIIrl(ur~ Ircparttl h) gl~ml1lCnl UhlillllioJl ~nd Icd i ~~ nlte n~ aU0k alpnJdl Jnu nYlhoJI~ Jdopled d OUIPUI 01 Ihe lIld~ lTe hhhyhlct III (II 10110 ~ e(IOIgt ul thi~ rcpv The gcu)qptultiI lUI denolraphlaj

ptrt ulr 01 the fg l(Iltal (lkClrJ Igtrough differrnI rlerr ~ gtOURe md Id urey~IT d~u)d In hpler 1 In ~hapler 1 111lt- dlll -an~hli() mh ~n rJrt1(u]arl~ hlltugtIlp un Hunza Rr N1SUIlltlerllg llrplt1 area Ih ChafJltknun -I tbLl~r Jnd tIJ~1 Ie prenL nne rnp11gt or jIltIer ~1rC~1 are dld_ Th~ hcnumenou I GI 01 hazard CJUlmiddot -tlimcm pr P~q GLOF e-eul md ~ltuJun anah M reI1 GLOF nl amiddotled tlli Ghu] ~nd Pu glacer M d~ribed

dupln -I Communllle rcIne to (i10 h~rd pr-p~redl1middot md mllg bull llon mCIur d)pt~J horlre dunng Jnd after a GLOF m flah nood hJrd I rded n ch~In~ n~ m11l10nS hed III dJler fil mJna~r~nL IlJllonal rJlgk lr fl mnl~JIIn md fUlan~1 arrall~mcms an focud III (h1ler ft The lJI Ire demili~d Ife hIlt ptv Iti adlllmlgttrJli1l ~j unit) lcello lInd nlJt~J anu pcpan fr (jLOF (enl~ Jr~ hJfhh~hled Ih to]]I lhPlt Ill dlJplr als er Icduu~~t knllge rrgtltUn-e Iabhlhl~_ Ihuc and ad lw Jler prr~rcUfK Ini ltIlI~lIn whd nlaquod~ to ho ctdrncJ whk dnloplIIE IUtu Ir~l(gies and Ih-c [ h 1IIIIlurn bend rlnally III lhptcr 7 ltndu ~re d~n and rcnmelldaU(ln ar~ 1Iltltk 11 fUture nllllgr~1 n~w~ anti lrJI~lmiddot h tIC ~upkl on Illlt MS of qUlred mflfnM nd 1(0 ]dml lr lhe pllotucJ ~ ell J fo- up c~hng Ihc ulcomc fur I~ CUIln northm u~a

12 Raliunak

In 11-1 Ihe C(lltc 111011 Gcn~ral hgtCmtgtl) pmclauIletlthc d ad~ Imm IY91middot1tIlWI a the hllemal~1 IkcJd It- -atural ])jJtcr Redu(l(ln Th lllltl-J JlJOn rnocd I Jatrou mp[(I r natural h~zard lin ulnerJbk l()tnmUII~ J]d_ h~ the )LI

~(~gt all middotunlrie ~Tlt euur~~ed I hJc middotnprch~Iimiddotc n~UOIIJ ~~u nh I lural hllmJ ml flh lnICfr~le(IIIll n~lilflJl dcve0lrncm pl~ and h ~dd Il_~_

I~nn dhln preVCntn prepualllt~j nd COUlIUnlt ~Wlrck In UlI(glmn rlIn~ In ~OO1 lh~ Governmenl of Pal hl dorl~d lhe JIl(flaJ EnirOtmaJ elln PI~n INFAPI h J (loU n d~~n ~Ir d~~n ala ltolld wa~t~ ~na~~n~nt J]t ~Ol~ rrr~n~~ltmiddotnl

Ounn~ -Clt nl dcltmiddottltk lhen h~ Ixen a rapid rtlr~al f gan~ 11 r II r id nc I hlTJTlltJ and Ih( e or ~lnll lJe 111~dd I Ih~ gb I~ nagtln~

Iolher ltnllr~ng hHlhc or Ore GLOF eelll thc ~h~nJ1 in the lIem vf ra1nr~11 10 ~OO~) The flttanw I th tUlIIn h~ nr1)mfted er the lar ~(ntu do( I mnJ In numhcr vr ~1Iia] I~e Ihal hJ~ deeloped do~ oJ )lrr relr~l KJJJoram Rallge gcrdly hb Ihe h~her CI~ on and II - ~nld~red a UI ot [h~ pI or dlUM~ hJJ1~~ UI II I ltluite lllnnung Ihat fi~ GU)FeHnt ha~ middotum--u n Ie rhJJ1 one ~~r l~I~j7- Xl()1 n p- f GOJ~I Id] n Hunz Rer hJ1ll whlh p a grcal lL HI the d(mnu~m COlllmIIII Ib~ Irjc glacie Ii~ (ihllll Jlld PJ JJC nm IdIIl~ nuu Clfc 01 I imal~ ~han~~ In I~ I ncr~e Illubal nn Illlh 1~J1n_ there a n~ed 10 IrOrln hl~llt1 Jnd n ) ~nd d~e(op r~ WI1aliu Ir~c It) prOhle d ~mprchelhe pII~) frJlniowrt hr Ihe lIJ~hle d--dornnl or Ihe ~rcJ n~ inlqr~liQn 01 -ial ~hl ~rnnkm1 (lllll Il~~d I Ie cnureu 11110 nmiddotdecluprnem pmcc

rnnidcrnglh~ need and 1l1l1nm~c of 5han~ IIn~ mfOmUllnn wllh Ihe cmmumll~ ~nd ~lakhld the -Judy cPO I dcvdld In ~la drfnCni ~PCltt ll (ilOI hOld ~d II tUlUfC IU~~lIn ~nd r1gt1 Judi n tOC t(~a_

11 Jpnac h und lethOtlIo dopled

I~ il~nl md lt bad lin ~oll1fl1Unlly ~[XgtIlC prcpJredlllIIld Jllllulc 10 ~opc Ih (1 Or- hazard InI1lJn data lI~r~ ~ollcll~d thlI~h J qucnnnr~ based ur~~ flllllIcd h~ a Ililmhel I IRI and 1Il lq Inlllfnwntmiddot mter-ie -ill~ tjue1I0nnJlre n Jpcd I the GLOI llMad IIl-h~Il annl Solal [n ph)teal JIltIli)(o lhJflerNl C10[ Sill h~c md ltlun I b~c and ~I~ mal) Ihe current muIKn eCll1lhoJh)~y_ I(graphy ~nJ [ralnajl 1)1lt ct( bcld~ Ihe -IUp 01 ~Jleelll IIJ)( USClpHIgtk I GLOr nah ilCoOd halIn a~ Ioltu t In social JptI Ihe (nUllUI1lIl~- gtltllll rnpn~e 10 nJlural hnh IlIr1lularl~ 1M dnd r((Clll (IoF rr~Pdl(JII~ ~ml rL mlll~I11 IIl1l1alt dl~Ilnge~ Jild (IIhlraint tJ~ed b~

lt Immullill~ e~llj Jm~ n~dlanm ulupltJ ~ Olddd Ill InIIII1ltI101l Jnd 1 n1ht~d ~nll Indored Ill holt1CI~ (tIbao Ii anal A muhllhpillldrgt Itlm nlllpn d I -1-0 m~mocr In l lIdlll~ ~KC lJDI I~I

tiIS ~nd llIomoc I FOCLS Iltuded Ihe rcltdilc h~ l d uJn The tCJIll 1 pn)IIIIIJ tlrientltlm u-III1 In pil1 lT~a qUelnnJI rrmm ard dll~ 10 hi lIeeled hlt0r~ ptr1OIIlIlI[l [lhial ~nd (IJnllnut~ Igtl-d e~ The ll1ctn~ITI ~

1~IIl~d ll1e dmiddotI~llel dlun amI J)reenh111 amonj -Id ltkpartnlClih Cunuliallt tgtIl-hT 1111 nen~ ~re held 10 1-11 mou a~pcd I Ih proll( md hall rrpcdll frtllll Th Ic~ pJe~t IJLdItcr Jr

JU~II~I f)~r 1~JgenlCnl ulhgtrt) tr-f)lgt tll)ll1 -~rl(lIhllr~I Kcet(rh l cm~ R( I rthem e DI~ler lJnJ~ctlltlll _mhrily (NDiAI h~m f(a 1 gocrn1 8 Adnllm(rau kpannnl PaIJIl11elcgthraquo)~llkpnment 1 1~1[)1 Kr~Lrall1ll1tmJlInl l lIlIefil

ghl Joh~n KI SIlPfgt~ ProlrH~ IKKSPI 111 IUe hmd I ~IU r~~IIIl I I 11-1 ~I

1PC P~~ lDP P~~n JIN 1nJ [gt ~r D c l I~nI IIlhI) rI 101 I Glllt11 Ch~1)e Im~l(1 ltIILd~ l~nlrc IG([ltC)

Cnlmun i l~ Hawd SUr-f1

ru-1U~ qnl nnJlrc c~ OUdlt1 ~d III Cihu I~ I (U)ln I and i~U Ib~e 10 II~ t lnmMII regilJlhng -laquoonml )ilIIOII a ~11 III und~(~lldinl 111( mplll I nur~1 haztrd_ hI GbI11 LJl~ OUlnul nh ~boiall1l~l(h dml flnh tl~- 11Il~ Ugt 1 ltMard_ prepalcdllc ~ J-lt1ltnt and IIndngtnal mgnll plln 11 etrcd ~~~m~ ctnil -ulbfed Ihmugh Inl~rddn h Ihe Ihk 111 rClr~gt(It~IIe 1 Iht ommunll~ IlcI~I ~m e-c either IlOlUchold henJ an Ih~( Jul (rm lgtle )r Iht Hen ICII rku~[ rallumil he largtf lIogegt

rnnidcrnglh~ need and 1l1l1nm~c of 5han~ IIn~ mfOmUllnn wllh Ihe cmmumll~ ~nd ~lakhld the -Judy cPO I dcvdld In ~la drfnCni ~PCltt ll (ilOI hOld ~d II tUlUfC IU~~lIn ~nd r1gt1 Judi n tOC t(~a_

11 Jpnac h und lethOtlIo dopled

I~ il~nl md lt bad lin ~oll1fl1Unlly ~[XgtIlC prcpJredlllIIld Jllllulc 10 ~opc Ih (1 Or- hazard InI1lJn data lI~r~ ~ollcll~d thlI~h J qucnnnr~ based ur~~ flllllIcd h~ a Ililmhel I IRI and 1Il lq Inlllfnwntmiddot mter-ie -ill~ tjue1I0nnJlre n Jpcd I the GLOI llMad IIl-h~Il annl Solal [n ph)teal JIltIli)(o lhJflerNl C10[ Sill h~c md ltlun I b~c and ~I~ mal) Ihe current muIKn eCll1lhoJh)~y_ I(graphy ~nJ [ralnajl 1)1lt ct( bcld~ Ihe -IUp 01 ~Jleelll IIJ)( USClpHIgtk I GLOr nah ilCoOd halIn a~ Ioltu t In social JptI Ihe (nUllUI1lIl~- gtltllll rnpn~e 10 nJlural hnh IlIr1lularl~ 1M dnd r((Clll (IoF rr~Pdl(JII~ ~ml rL mlll~I11 IIl1l1alt dl~Ilnge~ Jild (IIhlraint tJ~ed b~

lt Immullill~ e~llj Jm~ n~dlanm ulupltJ ~ Olddd Ill InIIII1ltI101l Jnd 1 n1ht~d ~nll Indored Ill holt1CI~ (tIbao Ii anal A muhllhpillldrgt Itlm nlllpn d I -1-0 m~mocr In l lIdlll~ ~KC lJDI I~I

tiIS ~nd llIomoc I FOCLS Iltuded Ihe rcltdilc h~ l d uJn The tCJIll 1 pn)IIIIIJ tlrientltlm u-III1 In pil1 lT~a qUelnnJI rrmm ard dll~ 10 hi lIeeled hlt0r~ ptr1OIIlIlI[l [lhial ~nd (IJnllnut~ Igtl-d e~ The ll1ctn~ITI ~

1~IIl~d ll1e dmiddotI~llel dlun amI J)reenh111 amonj -Id ltkpartnlClih Cunuliallt tgtIl-hT 1111 nen~ ~re held 10 1-11 mou a~pcd I Ih proll( md hall rrpcdll frtllll Th Ic~ pJe~t IJLdItcr Jr

JU~II~I f)~r 1~JgenlCnl ulhgtrt) tr-f)lgt tll)ll1 -~rl(lIhllr~I Kcet(rh l cm~ R( I rthem e DI~ler lJnJ~ctlltlll _mhrily (NDiAI h~m f(a 1 gocrn1 8 Adnllm(rau kpannnl PaIJIl11elcgthraquo)~llkpnment 1 1~1[)1 Kr~Lrall1ll1tmJlInl l lIlIefil

ghl Joh~n KI SIlPfgt~ ProlrH~ IKKSPI 111 IUe hmd I ~IU r~~IIIl I I 11-1 ~I

1PC P~~ lDP P~~n JIN 1nJ [gt ~r D c l I~nI IIlhI) rI 101 I Glllt11 Ch~1)e Im~l(1 ltIILd~ l~nlrc IG([ltC)

Cnlmun i l~ Hawd SUr-f1

ru-1U~ qnl nnJlrc c~ OUdlt1 ~d III Cihu I~ I (U)ln I and i~U Ib~e 10 II~ t lnmMII regilJlhng -laquoonml )ilIIOII a ~11 III und~(~lldinl 111( mplll I nur~1 haztrd_ hI GbI11 LJl~ OUlnul nh ~boiall1l~l(h dml flnh tl~- 11Il~ Ugt 1 ltMard_ prepalcdllc ~ J-lt1ltnt and IIndngtnal mgnll plln 11 etrcd ~~~m~ ctnil -ulbfed Ihmugh Inl~rddn h Ihe Ihk 111 rClr~gt(It~IIe 1 Iht ommunll~ IlcI~I ~m e-c either IlOlUchold henJ an Ih~( Jul (rm lgtle )r Iht Hen ICII rku~[ rallumil he largtf lIogegt

The lunIiOllnam rvellargeled Ih~ e~ldcnl populJllnn engaged nh both ~gricul(urc and nn-agriculture lClM Farmmg populall(1fl IIwludcd hlt~h lant OWIlCr a lt11 landl~~ ramih 00 l ns ngn~ul(ural 100 Ioll-I~nninc poudenIS Imlukd pcpk en~agd in IrJd~ ~rld umerc ltYlel~rnploed ur (rallportel The d(baC nr infortllJIiO ool1~ltleJ Ihmugh II( tldd sur~ J~ dcv~lolcd h111 as suh-qu~nllgt 1I1aJgt cltl rhe r~ulh cr~ ~oll111lcd and II ihe baSi r the- findillt plaquogtpk lIrcptn regan 11lt1ultl ulnc~tgtlll1gt and ~Ipm~ uhanlIII were e aJualcd

lIn e~lcne re~cw r ~e(OIlJJr malcnaJ and dlltcums llh hoy fernlllolll l IIhl1lUlllln~ al naliOllal level llCltlall) NDM lakchlder 1nJUdilif Imiddotnurk 11111111011 orthcm rtagt local gOHmmcnl aIBI adnHrIllralic departmenl II h I)ltn dcldlt1 10 1lr1dnale Ihe CJlljaJ Teh1 01 I pper Huna alle~ IN Ihe GLOF huml amcm and conummny bJed GLUF nk rllig~ljon and pnI~rtdne pilol unllalc The kn 01 l~r~~1 area hlsed ~ folio g reanj

Iore ~flOOS dh~( M gel(rllcd hy Ille fUrmalUfl 01 la~~ in thc l1un7~ ~Ikgt dlK I pall tb~lal h~oce ~Ild the- fUmM of IlJUral Ibnlgt r C (I

mre

The cmmunillc Iloudmiddotprone ~gioll It~e HUn3 II~~ a c~lttJ 01 J iJC(hII ~nletI)( ~nd extrmcl~ uru J )I med~nNn Jnd lr-(Kc lIl(h -an be npJoreJ further order to JecI1 beller tr~lel for n1I hJ~rltll1lillglJoll fulure

The recent (il0tmiddot c~n GUjaJ Teh1 dunng (X)7-0g h~h m~) tJc lInhulCu 1 Ih dki of glubal warnnnj ha~ cnnled a 1~(elial Tk rllr Ihc n~rtgt commun Ill~ Ghul~m II U~III and P ~(1 11l3je

1u ~mn1Unll ~ bad (J~c~ Ihrec 1llgc e (jhul~ Ill IluOI ~11I1 Iau CR

Ilaquoted 011 file tgta I [heir prOJUllly 10 large allgt J ifuer h~ (jhl~ ~nd r~u tll~h hw ~ hIOI) f gl Clal urgc ~n1 [C-gtII

1 he largel gl3ltI and ~mmunll~ ha~ rtlauel) I) a~cc~hlht Jnu cumnl and p~1 expcnence f GLOF or nah 110J (ICnI pnllde ajuablc mI middotulnrbilil) Jnd halarulllfonnal lOn

Ttgte 1IId) wouhl pro ale up HlIIC amj readh a~iblc ~nll) oj Ihe (a[U f liLOF hMalltb and IInpon~nl CnUOI1l1kmal Jnd 1~1 Iue~ rel~led I GI 01 J OJh nlOl Iluna ~CI ttJJ1uf Kardu R~nle

The reuh md Ih ~~Ihcrt mfurmlllo d dal~ compiled m Mc fm 01 J rejJOf1 II prohle gUhkhfl( fur formulUlIlI cIllHlIUnl)-ccnfric (il urtn~h I1M 1 rt~ ll1an~g~nm 1lllI~lio ~nd pcpJredlmiddot raktie

Th~ IUdgt lId hdp a_~ Ihe sun-econmic imp_-I cltI~II n Irlllh r Il lt11 mdI[luJI md Immunn~ a mdudlnJ b~lihood 3gricuhurt llclltI(~ 1lt)amp1 bridg~1 d l _ edu-~Iional and hcahh neegt ~pccIJlly fKed hI omen child dded) and pigt call) ~hJlknE~1 I~ luI ICIOLJ~ I mO n)LIL~~ll1lf lh~ 1npLlt1 01 1Il1IIr ewnh In IUlUnmiddot

RccmnCnd~liun lor ltklllpon(n I hencr ralg~ and lhCLCS un hazard InPJredn~ JOO uligJ liorl

Chapler 2

Geographic Sttup of Target Arcltls

2 1 II) ~ Iog raph~

Th~ Hunt) Ra bJ h~ m thc hih Karnkor~m RUl~~ thin IQn~tu11 lIIg~ 1 7 01 1l B - 0 Jultl Ilitudmal rIII~ ~ W II J7 U~ In Ihlt Nfthem IcrnloJr) I P~IJl~n Iriu ~ II It i tvxde~J III [h~ CI by GIiJl Rala bn In the urth h~ Ar~htnln Inlt1 (llina and 111 lhe th b) Shi~ar ~lId Indu Rc basin n mbullbull 11 ponlnn In the nmthealt 01111 1Ia druns in the (1110(gt0 temtrlrgt 1 o~t Qllhe [~rrd If

[he bhm r~IIo Ih ecJu()l an~c Uf3boul I~(l( ctcn alt ~a Incl In I) to mur( [han 7~OO maI n~ 1gt0 o-up ~n - of 16R9 -q ~m ut f hieh K~ ~r (nTrlbulegt IIgt Hu Rier 110 The glICI co~r r [he bJm bullbull hout 677- gtl llll ~ h- compn nJlIr aile) li~c altar a~Jr Shmhal mrl ChaplUJrI ~nd lIIg1nJ JIicr III Ih~ hll-h Iltl(a~orJflI RanJc pan I Jrlura IlIghJ) IKKH p~lt r(s~ Ih 11- n hn~mg Pakllao nh Chuu 1~r KhunlC(J p

Th [gtulanlt 11U~ lli-c lunZJ Rcr rc Chapun KhunjltrJh (hUJltrah Shmhal Illd HltplI River Iltanmlhd Ih ~apt~1 of 1M HUlla ~lte ofk J p1OOr~- ( ~ Illph fa~~ illlt Ih~ Rlfh IagJr h( larg~ ~1It~dom acn Ihe rI~1 (rum lhmll pU ~ J [II~ or f~nnc-- and mountain gunk al1ltut IS Km away from Coulmi n Ihe _(tIn~middotltlfr pIllnt Ior lhmhmg ~pcdit n up toc BUlilrd Pau ur~ and lUPfJ group o( peJb atld Io~ [r~L~ng Inl up (he SllIhJI Valley alld Halur3 GIl(r Tlllt Pau [Ilagc IJw 11(lIIIIJ plllt~ rr n~Hln[mclt Jntl ~ud~

I 1l(lllntJmkJ krqQnl L

fiIlJ bull1 h ill n1 01 alxu l~1)() LIlI the largcll [eh~tl uf the torth~m ~r( 01 pLIIJII lyng m Jp~r HunfJ It _har horder Ih (hina In Ih~ norlha1 lnd lth ~rghillIn [he nnhrl (Jul1 i the IMJI gtOuklI1ltm 01 uJJI ~onlllkI) retened [n bull the capl1 01 [he [d1 1m- alii qUJgelt arc gthlhlJI Gulmil Snm (jhuILnbulllu~li11l an( la~u h arc dl ~nnCCId h other pn) 01 th regon thruuh 1lt1 J~Ofam HI ghJI GIJI has a Ixpll lallull Ill Iout MillO 1111 dl fI~r~nt clh gwup j Waltn ~nd luruliJLt The Jdlc-- of Ihe area hal~ mo[I~ mllcd fmm ca ul (hml f~ha t m and T aj[Listan atld ~cn1al prt 01 Huna Ih Ul-nnt JIIIgrphh r~nh of th GUJJIIChsiltn hown In T~ble ~I

nrc arc paraliel Gla1~ c~tcnd down t~ lhe main m~ alle) from th~ I1Xr [-It( f IT1Qum~m range lx[~~n Gulllu mJ PJU The rC~II hu= I 1111 C ~ppcd JKal (1~ ncrgt lu] ~re~n ptIU md lonl -1ICI

6

Th~ IUdgt lId hdp a_~ Ihe sun-econmic imp_-I cltI~II n Irlllh r Il lt11 mdI[luJI md Immunn~ a mdudlnJ b~lihood 3gricuhurt llclltI(~ 1lt)amp1 bridg~1 d l _ edu-~Iional and hcahh neegt ~pccIJlly fKed hI omen child dded) and pigt call) ~hJlknE~1 I~ luI ICIOLJ~ I mO n)LIL~~ll1lf lh~ 1npLlt1 01 1Il1IIr ewnh In IUlUnmiddot

RccmnCnd~liun lor ltklllpon(n I hencr ralg~ and lhCLCS un hazard InPJredn~ JOO uligJ liorl

Chapler 2

Geographic Sttup of Target Arcltls

2 1 II) ~ Iog raph~

Th~ Hunt) Ra bJ h~ m thc hih Karnkor~m RUl~~ thin IQn~tu11 lIIg~ 1 7 01 1l B - 0 Jultl Ilitudmal rIII~ ~ W II J7 U~ In Ihlt Nfthem IcrnloJr) I P~IJl~n Iriu ~ II It i tvxde~J III [h~ CI by GIiJl Rala bn In the urth h~ Ar~htnln Inlt1 (llina and 111 lhe th b) Shi~ar ~lId Indu Rc basin n mbullbull 11 ponlnn In the nmthealt 01111 1Ia druns in the (1110(gt0 temtrlrgt 1 o~t Qllhe [~rrd If

[he bhm r~IIo Ih ecJu()l an~c Uf3boul I~(l( ctcn alt ~a Incl In I) to mur( [han 7~OO maI n~ 1gt0 o-up ~n - of 16R9 -q ~m ut f hieh K~ ~r (nTrlbulegt IIgt Hu Rier 110 The glICI co~r r [he bJm bullbull hout 677- gtl llll ~ h- compn nJlIr aile) li~c altar a~Jr Shmhal mrl ChaplUJrI ~nd lIIg1nJ JIicr III Ih~ hll-h Iltl(a~orJflI RanJc pan I Jrlura IlIghJ) IKKH p~lt r(s~ Ih 11- n hn~mg Pakllao nh Chuu 1~r KhunlC(J p

Th [gtulanlt 11U~ lli-c lunZJ Rcr rc Chapun KhunjltrJh (hUJltrah Shmhal Illd HltplI River Iltanmlhd Ih ~apt~1 of 1M HUlla ~lte ofk J p1OOr~- ( ~ Illph fa~~ illlt Ih~ Rlfh IagJr h( larg~ ~1It~dom acn Ihe rI~1 (rum lhmll pU ~ J [II~ or f~nnc-- and mountain gunk al1ltut IS Km away from Coulmi n Ihe _(tIn~middotltlfr pIllnt Ior lhmhmg ~pcdit n up toc BUlilrd Pau ur~ and lUPfJ group o( peJb atld Io~ [r~L~ng Inl up (he SllIhJI Valley alld Halur3 GIl(r Tlllt Pau [Ilagc IJw 11(lIIIIJ plllt~ rr n~Hln[mclt Jntl ~ud~

I 1l(lllntJmkJ krqQnl L

fiIlJ bull1 h ill n1 01 alxu l~1)() LIlI the largcll [eh~tl uf the torth~m ~r( 01 pLIIJII lyng m Jp~r HunfJ It _har horder Ih (hina In Ih~ norlha1 lnd lth ~rghillIn [he nnhrl (Jul1 i the IMJI gtOuklI1ltm 01 uJJI ~onlllkI) retened [n bull the capl1 01 [he [d1 1m- alii qUJgelt arc gthlhlJI Gulmil Snm (jhuILnbulllu~li11l an( la~u h arc dl ~nnCCId h other pn) 01 th regon thruuh 1lt1 J~Ofam HI ghJI GIJI has a Ixpll lallull Ill Iout MillO 1111 dl fI~r~nt clh gwup j Waltn ~nd luruliJLt The Jdlc-- of Ihe area hal~ mo[I~ mllcd fmm ca ul (hml f~ha t m and T aj[Listan atld ~cn1al prt 01 Huna Ih Ul-nnt JIIIgrphh r~nh of th GUJJIIChsiltn hown In T~ble ~I

nrc arc paraliel Gla1~ c~tcnd down t~ lhe main m~ alle) from th~ I1Xr [-It( f IT1Qum~m range lx[~~n Gulllu mJ PJU The rC~II hu= I 1111 C ~ppcd JKal (1~ ncrgt lu] ~re~n ptIU md lonl -1ICI

6

Chapler 2

Geographic Sttup of Target Arcltls

2 1 II) ~ Iog raph~

Th~ Hunt) Ra bJ h~ m thc hih Karnkor~m RUl~~ thin IQn~tu11 lIIg~ 1 7 01 1l B - 0 Jultl Ilitudmal rIII~ ~ W II J7 U~ In Ihlt Nfthem IcrnloJr) I P~IJl~n Iriu ~ II It i tvxde~J III [h~ CI by GIiJl Rala bn In the urth h~ Ar~htnln Inlt1 (llina and 111 lhe th b) Shi~ar ~lId Indu Rc basin n mbullbull 11 ponlnn In the nmthealt 01111 1Ia druns in the (1110(gt0 temtrlrgt 1 o~t Qllhe [~rrd If

[he bhm r~IIo Ih ecJu()l an~c Uf3boul I~(l( ctcn alt ~a Incl In I) to mur( [han 7~OO maI n~ 1gt0 o-up ~n - of 16R9 -q ~m ut f hieh K~ ~r (nTrlbulegt IIgt Hu Rier 110 The glICI co~r r [he bJm bullbull hout 677- gtl llll ~ h- compn nJlIr aile) li~c altar a~Jr Shmhal mrl ChaplUJrI ~nd lIIg1nJ JIicr III Ih~ hll-h Iltl(a~orJflI RanJc pan I Jrlura IlIghJ) IKKH p~lt r(s~ Ih 11- n hn~mg Pakllao nh Chuu 1~r KhunlC(J p

Th [gtulanlt 11U~ lli-c lunZJ Rcr rc Chapun KhunjltrJh (hUJltrah Shmhal Illd HltplI River Iltanmlhd Ih ~apt~1 of 1M HUlla ~lte ofk J p1OOr~- ( ~ Illph fa~~ illlt Ih~ Rlfh IagJr h( larg~ ~1It~dom acn Ihe rI~1 (rum lhmll pU ~ J [II~ or f~nnc-- and mountain gunk al1ltut IS Km away from Coulmi n Ihe _(tIn~middotltlfr pIllnt Ior lhmhmg ~pcdit n up toc BUlilrd Pau ur~ and lUPfJ group o( peJb atld Io~ [r~L~ng Inl up (he SllIhJI Valley alld Halur3 GIl(r Tlllt Pau [Ilagc IJw 11(lIIIIJ plllt~ rr n~Hln[mclt Jntl ~ud~

I 1l(lllntJmkJ krqQnl L

fiIlJ bull1 h ill n1 01 alxu l~1)() LIlI the largcll [eh~tl uf the torth~m ~r( 01 pLIIJII lyng m Jp~r HunfJ It _har horder Ih (hina In Ih~ norlha1 lnd lth ~rghillIn [he nnhrl (Jul1 i the IMJI gtOuklI1ltm 01 uJJI ~onlllkI) retened [n bull the capl1 01 [he [d1 1m- alii qUJgelt arc gthlhlJI Gulmil Snm (jhuILnbulllu~li11l an( la~u h arc dl ~nnCCId h other pn) 01 th regon thruuh 1lt1 J~Ofam HI ghJI GIJI has a Ixpll lallull Ill Iout MillO 1111 dl fI~r~nt clh gwup j Waltn ~nd luruliJLt The Jdlc-- of Ihe area hal~ mo[I~ mllcd fmm ca ul (hml f~ha t m and T aj[Listan atld ~cn1al prt 01 Huna Ih Ul-nnt JIIIgrphh r~nh of th GUJJIIChsiltn hown In T~ble ~I

nrc arc paraliel Gla1~ c~tcnd down t~ lhe main m~ alle) from th~ I1Xr [-It( f IT1Qum~m range lx[~~n Gulllu mJ PJU The rC~II hu= I 1111 C ~ppcd JKal (1~ ncrgt lu] ~re~n ptIU md lonl -1ICI

6

--------- --

-

--

-shy--shy

bull -bull shy- - bullbull- -- --shy

The br~e S(uLemon[s art GuinUl Shl~hlal arwI Ghul k Gulnm being oL the l~r~est )(nlemrm ha~ a total populmon uf 2J63 hcad~ -Ith alTTlOiI 11111 shar~ of mal ~nd femak n1(mbcrs alt11 IS a mall illage gtlth 5 hlltJschokh and a populatioo f 3t h ad~

7

l1w three ~une)ed villages Je Uhulln HU$lini and Passu arc localoo along KKJI m Go)al Tchsl (Figure 22) Ghul li n village IS situated In the sooth wocreas Hussaini in the nnheast of Ghulltin glampier 1ltIgtu village cx t(Ulh fmm west to nonheal r gtasu -

considerable elevation alonl t~ l~terI1 moraine ot Ghullm Ilader In the wuth the lOOt of glacicr and the glacIal tre~rn gtepatates HUSsain from Ghulkin In dJc nonh the boundary of Husrairn etemh 111 Rukhn kOf

-

(J (

-shy22 Grology

The IndaD-Eumsan plates collision produced the spectacular Hlmaluyas along upllftoo and dClormcd 2500 km long I ndo-Pall~lan plale margrn The IIIion between the ~gmcll s resulted m the fonnation 01 new relief and lopogrnphy hlh consists of -ene of mountain rangelt h~aled III the nOMh northwesl and sectOUthweq uf PaliSWl commoMlI) krlo u (he Hla~an Moonlam Sytem Rapid upuff of the HllnalaYlI (0 gret heights and undt-r the mnuence of er) cold climale of lugh ahuude embraced a blanket u f now and ICC dunnl the Quaternary penod (Koanu and Jan 1997)Thc TransshyHHlMla) a inc luding the Kar~klt)ram Range eompn some of the hghel peaks larg~ glaclel1gt deere gorges and cany of this Rgion Major glaquollogieal realUl-e of the Karakoram bInd i 3 presence of the Karakoram batholith which extends from Haltoro

8

gJar 10 dose I CllllraJ for more than 500 km wnll ~crage wldlh of 20 km The balllhth ~KltaW number of plulon of dlITerenl ages fmm Inid-~retac)IS 10 MIocene (Scarle 1991 J The gcoln of lhe liun ban is pre-cm~tI in Figure 23

bull

bull

II- Gtl~ IM h~ a)odmf~1lr) iori~[~1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 111 Ialnok I ~Iotne bull m~untlor bull J ~p ~nnn ~I~r slak _nd Hm~1

IJ PmLon rodgt 1l1lltIgt11) rlIltM gthallt nd 011lt1 Q Mlu1umnd

2-(middotntaIltOII~~middotI_IIIIIltSI~a noUl_J _ _ ____________ _ rfu lJ Ingtoa) IIl1nn shy

(Sou GSI and USltS 11

In IIC ltentral and Iern Kara~m lho Karakoram lgtlock can he dlVidcltl Imo three Iilllo-Ic( laquogtlIlC unilS from m-m 10 -OUlh iI) the nhern KaraJuram terraw (21 lhe Kandorarn balhohth and (3) lhe Kartlonllll M~lalllorpluc ltcomple (Re el 31 19R8) Grwiloid are prem In Ihe gthem Kara~onIm 1erraw in lhe uppo-r Hunza region

1le high 3ltli II ~nd gradient and I latllulk v~I glLeil1o of 1M Karn~OIlUn and the IIlmalaa~ hac made ltkcp cn ional I1lCigtinns They lIa rupldly modlrled 1kJlacialed urfaes and have fOfDlecl dl cIelOflCd muliocc nUled lill euensvc lalCl1lland end 1TlO11l1~ 11le IlladaJ -cdimcnts Ct)mpns~ a gradual sene of ub-glacial Till of lltgtdg~mem Iype 10 sub-glacml and uprlg)xial mchoul lills IIngular iCi~onlal

glaclo tlllvlal gramiddotcl~ and )Iacio-Iwuslnne 511t Figure 24) The gtoil Me f~ndt and~

9

l1w three ~une)ed villages Je Uhulln HU$lini and Passu arc localoo along KKJI m Go)al Tchsl (Figure 22) Ghul li n village IS situated In the sooth wocreas Hussaini in the nnheast of Ghulltin glampier 1ltIgtu village cx t(Ulh fmm west to nonheal r gtasu -

considerable elevation alonl t~ l~terI1 moraine ot Ghullm Ilader In the wuth the lOOt of glacicr and the glacIal tre~rn gtepatates HUSsain from Ghulkin In dJc nonh the boundary of Husrairn etemh 111 Rukhn kOf

-

(J (

-shy22 Grology

The IndaD-Eumsan plates collision produced the spectacular Hlmaluyas along upllftoo and dClormcd 2500 km long I ndo-Pall~lan plale margrn The IIIion between the ~gmcll s resulted m the fonnation 01 new relief and lopogrnphy hlh consists of -ene of mountain rangelt h~aled III the nOMh northwesl and sectOUthweq uf PaliSWl commoMlI) krlo u (he Hla~an Moonlam Sytem Rapid upuff of the HllnalaYlI (0 gret heights and undt-r the mnuence of er) cold climale of lugh ahuude embraced a blanket u f now and ICC dunnl the Quaternary penod (Koanu and Jan 1997)Thc TransshyHHlMla) a inc luding the Kar~klt)ram Range eompn some of the hghel peaks larg~ glaclel1gt deere gorges and cany of this Rgion Major glaquollogieal realUl-e of the Karakoram bInd i 3 presence of the Karakoram batholith which extends from Haltoro

8

gJar 10 dose I CllllraJ for more than 500 km wnll ~crage wldlh of 20 km The balllhth ~KltaW number of plulon of dlITerenl ages fmm Inid-~retac)IS 10 MIocene (Scarle 1991 J The gcoln of lhe liun ban is pre-cm~tI in Figure 23

bull

bull

II- Gtl~ IM h~ a)odmf~1lr) iori~[~1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 111 Ialnok I ~Iotne bull m~untlor bull J ~p ~nnn ~I~r slak _nd Hm~1

IJ PmLon rodgt 1l1lltIgt11) rlIltM gthallt nd 011lt1 Q Mlu1umnd

2-(middotntaIltOII~~middotI_IIIIIltSI~a noUl_J _ _ ____________ _ rfu lJ Ingtoa) IIl1nn shy

(Sou GSI and USltS 11

In IIC ltentral and Iern Kara~m lho Karakoram lgtlock can he dlVidcltl Imo three Iilllo-Ic( laquogtlIlC unilS from m-m 10 -OUlh iI) the nhern KaraJuram terraw (21 lhe Kandorarn balhohth and (3) lhe Kartlonllll M~lalllorpluc ltcomple (Re el 31 19R8) Grwiloid are prem In Ihe gthem Kara~onIm 1erraw in lhe uppo-r Hunza region

1le high 3ltli II ~nd gradient and I latllulk v~I glLeil1o of 1M Karn~OIlUn and the IIlmalaa~ hac made ltkcp cn ional I1lCigtinns They lIa rupldly modlrled 1kJlacialed urfaes and have fOfDlecl dl cIelOflCd muliocc nUled lill euensvc lalCl1lland end 1TlO11l1~ 11le IlladaJ -cdimcnts Ct)mpns~ a gradual sene of ub-glacial Till of lltgtdg~mem Iype 10 sub-glacml and uprlg)xial mchoul lills IIngular iCi~onlal

glaclo tlllvlal gramiddotcl~ and )Iacio-Iwuslnne 511t Figure 24) The gtoil Me f~ndt and~

9

gJar 10 dose I CllllraJ for more than 500 km wnll ~crage wldlh of 20 km The balllhth ~KltaW number of plulon of dlITerenl ages fmm Inid-~retac)IS 10 MIocene (Scarle 1991 J The gcoln of lhe liun ban is pre-cm~tI in Figure 23

bull

bull

II- Gtl~ IM h~ a)odmf~1lr) iori~[~1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- 111 Ialnok I ~Iotne bull m~untlor bull J ~p ~nnn ~I~r slak _nd Hm~1

IJ PmLon rodgt 1l1lltIgt11) rlIltM gthallt nd 011lt1 Q Mlu1umnd

2-(middotntaIltOII~~middotI_IIIIIltSI~a noUl_J _ _ ____________ _ rfu lJ Ingtoa) IIl1nn shy

(Sou GSI and USltS 11

In IIC ltentral and Iern Kara~m lho Karakoram lgtlock can he dlVidcltl Imo three Iilllo-Ic( laquogtlIlC unilS from m-m 10 -OUlh iI) the nhern KaraJuram terraw (21 lhe Kandorarn balhohth and (3) lhe Kartlonllll M~lalllorpluc ltcomple (Re el 31 19R8) Grwiloid are prem In Ihe gthem Kara~onIm 1erraw in lhe uppo-r Hunza region

1le high 3ltli II ~nd gradient and I latllulk v~I glLeil1o of 1M Karn~OIlUn and the IIlmalaa~ hac made ltkcp cn ional I1lCigtinns They lIa rupldly modlrled 1kJlacialed urfaes and have fOfDlecl dl cIelOflCd muliocc nUled lill euensvc lalCl1lland end 1TlO11l1~ 11le IlladaJ -cdimcnts Ct)mpns~ a gradual sene of ub-glacial Till of lltgtdg~mem Iype 10 sub-glacml and uprlg)xial mchoul lills IIngular iCi~onlal

glaclo tlllvlal gramiddotcl~ and )Iacio-Iwuslnne 511t Figure 24) The gtoil Me f~ndt and~

9

and loam on terraced field hieh h~ a ilghl comem uf r~m maner On Ih~ ucp Iapr_ Ihe SOltS II( easd - IJ Jown blorrenual rnmfall 11- ashn~ allJ lt-nlll is tile COmmon g~morptuc proecs~ In he Mra

23 Altitudina l Zon~ a nd f ltlmorphologJ

lbc spectacular ~n~l rchrf uf the Karalonlll1-H1h Hmalagtan IlglOli ha 111 n wellmiddotdefined aliIJmal nne cacti Im Its lharJChrNIC nucnoluuatc g~ol)lIal

procescs geofllrphlc fealure and land form~ HIII (1989) has delin(3lcd four alliludinal m In Ih rcion

Zone I II lilts alxHe 5500 III IIIIUamp nh 9Ot- area under now II nlaln~ agtthe jlaeicts ErOSIOO and dlgradauoll mJlnl dur In ruck fracwll lrom lrogtt actnn and etrcllle anlllon In diurnal temperaTUre n arc frlucor avalandli~ and rud fatls Thcn are ~ummll~ form gllal dl J~ nh harp --idge~ horns arCICS sp and pinnacles

Z6n II lllis lOllC hc beln UOO m and i500 m alllludo II cnmprises rugh alpne hUllllJ tundra and ndudo tho upper and IlUddle ablation One 11 ha~ a heavy soo fall flnuJ of 6middot10 IllUmh Jnd a ill ununer GlalaJ Innotnal and clyogcnic pm dominate gtth ahundanl ~hanical calh(nng Jnd rock fra~mcntatlOn ullinJ on aalandllt~ Rod-Jull IOd delfI flow Valle lt)11IJItI -cree concs cirque and valley glacicrs gladul IIIUr~ItI If rock glaciers Spire~ and pmnucles arc common rltJtur~ lf this lOnc

Z6n~ til II eends bc(~(l1 UI()( m and 4000 III oiutudc and h- ~b-aJpIOC fcature~ l1h seasonal droughl_ ltId ulgthumd nle~ waml ltumllll1gt rm grassy mcado bnd clumps II alplfl( tTllt Ixhuntcal rock c3thcnng and (lCraglaclal ptllCt

common fealUns lth ~lolIlal ahIJI1011 5nomiddot nlel run rr Jlacial lakes gladaJ ltkbn~ bullalus cones roc~ lall and land ide Glacle~ are localcd n Ih~ lODe and they a cl1cfCd h Ihlk rQo~ ltIcbm Sharp niUTlt and trlOHr ndCS and intcrenonJ alle~ havm wide llmiddotshaXd -Iim characTerisc Ihls ZOflC

Zon~ H II covcn the artca helecn 1000 111 and JOflO 01 alu11lde and is mulicaliy arid 10 SCIlI1shyarid wllh hoi umnle ~nd frcqult1I1 dnJUhl 1I ~ tompri$oCd of moumam valley and baSinS lueh an on a nmllnuous Slatc of degradal1tm result fmm paraglaciaL flUVIal and aeolian proc Tah$ cono~ allual fan lerraces glacofluldL flUVIal and laLl bed dcPOS11S haH formed alOlig the Ilkr trllLhe of valle flanh tppcr pans of (ho valleys exubI Umiddot~hJpcd glaciated mlC) flullt and gloclCts descendong from (nbula) alle)s often hac heIr 1lIgto1 elOiC to tile confluence b l11am treams In he IOeT rhe IbiS lOlX COflUUn ahundant defiles )org and lmiddotanyons

10

bull bull bullbull

bull

bull bull bull bull

---

I ) bull 1bullbull

1 [lJ

bull bull

bullbull bull

1 rJ -

bull

bull

l ~ 11

~ r

lti

bull

middotmiddotHi

ij

f -~

bull bull

1 bullbull = bull bullbull 11 bull ibullbullbull 1

I II J I

-~

2A (Iinmlt

n- t Jl~m - lrmala1l rq](gtn 1lt JI nmnrnltn that ~laukl~I~1 cmpi th h~h JltlrudC WIIr - jahoe 1j()O rna11 hallIg pcmLdtr(raquo anoJ ~nnlJI PilllJlInn In

las uf ~IWJlI mill hk 11 I the lar~~ ~I e r 011 nltndllg do em o- 1 aJl~y 11 I~X() nla1 0 rae annu1 rrc~IIlon of Ie Ihan IOO-1(K I mnl coruine ( oke (l-Ili11 gtOn 01 lilt hlthcr ~II U~ 1 bull -pllIilt1I1 OflJlnJIl I1 I lrl ~ Tt I ~ ~ ~ Indlt~ Ihe 11Ilt1mhl~ tnd dllnllaJ ra nfall r-onled II 1riou 111 110 nhem J (CS l OUl l The- Jmum annual ralllfII -(Imiddoto in Ah t~tn fI1 d to S~Jrdu 1111 amfall i reltorltkoJ 11 1 ao GII~II Il ltno cralgtle am gtunl lgtt ra rltd dun~ pring - bel rnl and middotIJ

In hlOl n UJI Gup bull du

J 1~ 1 1 n Fh) 1lt) ~

~

I 11 1 Itt ~ ) ~11_

-r shy 2~ J 2 J

1

71

II ~

~ S7

-1 (1

----

J Y =1 I) 11 ~ 111 -u~u = ~ I~ 1U5

S~I ITtgtcr

owher

I ~ ~

0 () JU7

k I

I~I 11~ ~h l1laquo her ~~ H1 ~

n1 nnual middotO ~ I+U 1H2~ ~~ II ~ I (1 gt

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m-mum mmm I nlrertm~ Ifmiddot nmall~ are ~C nJ I~T nPltlI~I Th~ ntelt mid ~t1 -hII) lhat stan Irllm r-o~mbor loll remai nil fit I breh_ TI1C 1e~1 cm[(I~nmiddot ar In he IDlnth 01 JmUM hen mean maxmlll11 o mInimum lel11p~middotrlI~nmiddot -11 I 101 C md 1-) ( I~ueI~ III) 11 t ~ra or~1TI Jr~l nu~nced

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IB0r------------------------------------

160 -U

bull I ~O

liJ 120

bull ~ I- 100

--------------------- 1860 1900 1970 1980 1990 2010

(Pe t 7 bull

I~

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1 ~n and ( I~fltr l n iron me

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~ 1gt ug an ~al~1 rom SIlOlalJ Jnd the llmCnlIS deposn~l_ 1 he- plue IIn~ 1he ~IJ~ler tlllll 10 IlOlhmt 15 calkllhe if Irm Th allud whefe III 10 wo ~~I ~calbllhe Illillhr i 1 111I~ almk ~ amOlnl of lew flOW

s~mnl h ~~I11laln IS i~111 10 Ihe amount of -e 1051 Ihmugll ahlalJon_ The do n ani ~1Ne Jonc- of the accumul lIon lvne and Ihe lend-y of In ahlallOn 700C 10 k1t -Iml11 ai CJud edl vlher OUI Fro~l~ laler1 ror~es dr~ nol ~mlteltJ_ Iherdrc dJ- CIlt wrn -~hILJ mmiddotcrmiddotcan ed al1~S mto U-Sh3PL-I lacial I lle~s

Cresls of Ihe lugh fa1lltS Ihe KurJ~oral11 reJlon Ire lar~dy SilO - bound The KaruurJm hal9ealer Ice and sno C()cT (1Smiddotto 37~llhan any othcr mountUln system oUbllk the polar repoundlIm IWISlt1nan I 159] In thf II du KUM amI the Hlh II l1n~layasect Ice and co cr Ii nclatllcJ) I=~ e~I1Sle and 111 the olher rang~ lS of Nanga Parbal onl) the hl~heSI ~usect ~IC ~no bouoo Snc tnc 1$11 abou 5100 m 10 5600 m In the Slt)uthem KakorJm and ~700 11 to 5300 m U Ihe IIOrthem part of t~ Karakoram Ilawn 192lt) KK~ 1J6-1 and Shl YarCll d al 19amp0) III Karakoram Ihe tllouman creslS localJ~ ~non as Mullasi1s (In mounalfls) arc co-cm wllh permanent snow and ice 1 he commonl) nele sno - field~ hHh feed a number of glacilTs A eh~ractCrt$lic f(alure of PArlam glUlers I~ Ih elcnSlC cT of sllperli(I~1 momme and rock-lSte panlltullll~ near Ih~tr ~nouh Onl a fc gbeler JrC oftht hasll rtsefOIr Iype hercOlsect Ih~ IIKI~J rOSCfOIr and a alanehe types nh l1aITO hh poundr3lthem accumulJion ~re more cummon -hburn 1 )1)

11 glaclI In th regu)n arc hit acllllly ghlClers and hamiddott wmc of lhe steepc~t gradlcTll$ In Ihe world Fur e~ample Ihe ilalarnhe fed 1Imapm Glaer benealh the IhbfgtO~h Pa~ P78li m) de~ends n-om abour 5300 m to 2-100 m OCT a diIJl1ee of only If) ~111 (190bull slope) lllc llaciers thus mole through a -Ide range ofchmallc ~ones andln glaciologtcal cumplc~ 1-lIgh summer rJdiallOO and SllltP barren slopes controllhe glncl bull algtlauu pattems The maximum radlallOll halance measured on RalJra Glacier lgt o-er ~ 7 9 M W mmiddotl (ugust 19~7 Lilan Jtnhua el al 10)

Th~ loer reaches of man~ glacIers are located m relat)ely hot mOUlllam aJle)S and are thus rrolded tlh plenuful melt water causmg flUJuent surges Glaciers nonh of K1 and In the Slumhal HI~par arnll3raldu allC)lI arc known for IhelT surge behaiour and are -h~raclCned bv $Irongl- convoluted mOTames (Giard ino et al 1987 Shrodcr 1992)

IB0r------------------------------------

160 -U

bull I ~O

liJ 120

bull ~ I- 100

--------------------- 1860 1900 1970 1980 1990 2010

(Pe t 7 bull

I~

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1 ~n and ( I~fltr l n iron me

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s~mnl h ~~I11laln IS i~111 10 Ihe amount of -e 1051 Ihmugll ahlalJon_ The do n ani ~1Ne Jonc- of the accumul lIon lvne and Ihe lend-y of In ahlallOn 700C 10 k1t -Iml11 ai CJud edl vlher OUI Fro~l~ laler1 ror~es dr~ nol ~mlteltJ_ Iherdrc dJ- CIlt wrn -~hILJ mmiddotcrmiddotcan ed al1~S mto U-Sh3PL-I lacial I lle~s

Cresls of Ihe lugh fa1lltS Ihe KurJ~oral11 reJlon Ire lar~dy SilO - bound The KaruurJm hal9ealer Ice and sno C()cT (1Smiddotto 37~llhan any othcr mountUln system oUbllk the polar repoundlIm IWISlt1nan I 159] In thf II du KUM amI the Hlh II l1n~layasect Ice and co cr Ii nclatllcJ) I=~ e~I1Sle and 111 the olher rang~ lS of Nanga Parbal onl) the hl~heSI ~usect ~IC ~no bouoo Snc tnc 1$11 abou 5100 m 10 5600 m In the Slt)uthem KakorJm and ~700 11 to 5300 m U Ihe IIOrthem part of t~ Karakoram Ilawn 192lt) KK~ 1J6-1 and Shl YarCll d al 19amp0) III Karakoram Ihe tllouman creslS localJ~ ~non as Mullasi1s (In mounalfls) arc co-cm wllh permanent snow and ice 1 he commonl) nele sno - field~ hHh feed a number of glacilTs A eh~ractCrt$lic f(alure of PArlam glUlers I~ Ih elcnSlC cT of sllperli(I~1 momme and rock-lSte panlltullll~ near Ih~tr ~nouh Onl a fc gbeler JrC oftht hasll rtsefOIr Iype hercOlsect Ih~ IIKI~J rOSCfOIr and a alanehe types nh l1aITO hh poundr3lthem accumulJion ~re more cummon -hburn 1 )1)

11 glaclI In th regu)n arc hit acllllly ghlClers and hamiddott wmc of lhe steepc~t gradlcTll$ In Ihe world Fur e~ample Ihe ilalarnhe fed 1Imapm Glaer benealh the IhbfgtO~h Pa~ P78li m) de~ends n-om abour 5300 m to 2-100 m OCT a diIJl1ee of only If) ~111 (190bull slope) lllc llaciers thus mole through a -Ide range ofchmallc ~ones andln glaciologtcal cumplc~ 1-lIgh summer rJdiallOO and SllltP barren slopes controllhe glncl bull algtlauu pattems The maximum radlallOll halance measured on RalJra Glacier lgt o-er ~ 7 9 M W mmiddotl (ugust 19~7 Lilan Jtnhua el al 10)

Th~ loer reaches of man~ glacIers are located m relat)ely hot mOUlllam aJle)S and are thus rrolded tlh plenuful melt water causmg flUJuent surges Glaciers nonh of K1 and In the Slumhal HI~par arnll3raldu allC)lI arc known for IhelT surge behaiour and are -h~raclCned bv $Irongl- convoluted mOTames (Giard ino et al 1987 Shrodcr 1992)

1 ~n and ( I~fltr l n iron me

Illltkat fhaNUflIlCf 0$Iudu

~ 1gt ug an ~al~1 rom SIlOlalJ Jnd the llmCnlIS deposn~l_ 1 he- plue IIn~ 1he ~IJ~ler tlllll 10 IlOlhmt 15 calkllhe if Irm Th allud whefe III 10 wo ~~I ~calbllhe Illillhr i 1 111I~ almk ~ amOlnl of lew flOW

s~mnl h ~~I11laln IS i~111 10 Ihe amount of -e 1051 Ihmugll ahlalJon_ The do n ani ~1Ne Jonc- of the accumul lIon lvne and Ihe lend-y of In ahlallOn 700C 10 k1t -Iml11 ai CJud edl vlher OUI Fro~l~ laler1 ror~es dr~ nol ~mlteltJ_ Iherdrc dJ- CIlt wrn -~hILJ mmiddotcrmiddotcan ed al1~S mto U-Sh3PL-I lacial I lle~s

Cresls of Ihe lugh fa1lltS Ihe KurJ~oral11 reJlon Ire lar~dy SilO - bound The KaruurJm hal9ealer Ice and sno C()cT (1Smiddotto 37~llhan any othcr mountUln system oUbllk the polar repoundlIm IWISlt1nan I 159] In thf II du KUM amI the Hlh II l1n~layasect Ice and co cr Ii nclatllcJ) I=~ e~I1Sle and 111 the olher rang~ lS of Nanga Parbal onl) the hl~heSI ~usect ~IC ~no bouoo Snc tnc 1$11 abou 5100 m 10 5600 m In the Slt)uthem KakorJm and ~700 11 to 5300 m U Ihe IIOrthem part of t~ Karakoram Ilawn 192lt) KK~ 1J6-1 and Shl YarCll d al 19amp0) III Karakoram Ihe tllouman creslS localJ~ ~non as Mullasi1s (In mounalfls) arc co-cm wllh permanent snow and ice 1 he commonl) nele sno - field~ hHh feed a number of glacilTs A eh~ractCrt$lic f(alure of PArlam glUlers I~ Ih elcnSlC cT of sllperli(I~1 momme and rock-lSte panlltullll~ near Ih~tr ~nouh Onl a fc gbeler JrC oftht hasll rtsefOIr Iype hercOlsect Ih~ IIKI~J rOSCfOIr and a alanehe types nh l1aITO hh poundr3lthem accumulJion ~re more cummon -hburn 1 )1)

11 glaclI In th regu)n arc hit acllllly ghlClers and hamiddott wmc of lhe steepc~t gradlcTll$ In Ihe world Fur e~ample Ihe ilalarnhe fed 1Imapm Glaer benealh the IhbfgtO~h Pa~ P78li m) de~ends n-om abour 5300 m to 2-100 m OCT a diIJl1ee of only If) ~111 (190bull slope) lllc llaciers thus mole through a -Ide range ofchmallc ~ones andln glaciologtcal cumplc~ 1-lIgh summer rJdiallOO and SllltP barren slopes controllhe glncl bull algtlauu pattems The maximum radlallOll halance measured on RalJra Glacier lgt o-er ~ 7 9 M W mmiddotl (ugust 19~7 Lilan Jtnhua el al 10)

Th~ loer reaches of man~ glacIers are located m relat)ely hot mOUlllam aJle)S and are thus rrolded tlh plenuful melt water causmg flUJuent surges Glaciers nonh of K1 and In the Slumhal HI~par arnll3raldu allC)lI arc known for IhelT surge behaiour and are -h~raclCned bv $Irongl- convoluted mOTames (Giard ino et al 1987 Shrodcr 1992)

According to theIr mocmcm pallcrns Mercer (l975) h~ grouped the Karakor~m ami HImalayan glllClltrs mto 101101111 Ihe ealegones

(a) GlaCIers wllh 5leady movement (these are also the lonr ones) (h) GlaCIers haVing c)tlie adlances (these ha-e heir Steep (rnasJ and (el Surgmg glacIers dtaractenscd by catastmphle adlances

BolSltll on _wlmem-landfonn association ot11 and Derbyshire (1989) hae classlfiea the Karakonun gJaclen mto two main l)~ -

GlrulH ype In IhI)1le Ihe glaclo-ilulaJ debris 110 alld debns slide prltXcsscs Ilomlllale Ice-contact fan scdimenlallon Ice conlact COlic is highly lhs~led and consists of mdl uul Ill

It compnltelt hummocky monnn~s glaclo-ilulial oul sh pl~m sm~1I ~CCled end moraUlcslalcr~ 1 mr~ln and sub--glauallllis

ICe Ihlcbless mcasurcmrnl~ lmg nuho tthosoulldmg ILIhnlllues reeal thai 11K thickness of ice anes from III m 10 J 28 m In thc Ghulkm GIKler (FrancIS (t al 198J ) tiramlclrie dCICfmlllaholl f Ice thIckness of Batur Glwler III IlulIIa IIldlC~I an 3HTolge icc thickness of110 m Ilh a maamum of Jn m ISh Yafcng and ang I)~()) Due 10 grea( IhHkncss of ICe the deeper parts of lhe glacIers arc al or dose In we and they hchule likc temperate glaCiers 0111)0 10 relatlcly high ~ellly IIldICCS lh~s

glaCiers hJc a re latively high 110 ral~ ranglllg from 100 10 1000 rTh~T (GOIlciIC ct al ] )S4) Velocities of som- ofth~ Huna glaCicrs arc sho n III Tahlc 31

hbl r 31 dl(hl or laquoIKCtti Karak nm ltladt

(be~ middotdo11 (m)Tj -I GI-n elocIIY (m )Tl -J Hagtanabad 1~ -l-NRI

1000 K ll1ah 16Ibl

Mmapn l~OHf - shy2-lM(ho~tun~ Passu hllehmko Zemu lihullIn Souo yJolj~~ut(II~

The glatlt15 of Hunza are IrIdlcallng halh adaoce and relrc-I pattern SlIKC 18~0 Ihe chlItn III the posilJon of Ihe ~noulS of somc of mam glaciers arc show n III FIgure 3 J The snOUI poslIion ofGhul~m hilS ilUClUalcd by 625 m dunng the perino 1885-1 ISO Ih a notable adv anc~ hel ~~n 1913 aud 1925 and a further small Jill JllCe bewcrn 19ft() and 1978 The mm ernents therefore appear 10 be periodic hut 10 IhiS caSlt then no owrall ular rei real SImilar pcnOche nllClIJalJOllS can he nhlter-cd In 1--11 tlnafm an Halanahad glaCiers In lh sludv of glacier behaour smcc 181~ -II) layck el ~I

18

--- -- - --- - --- -

( I )80 I foullol ha Ihe aharw iog ~IJciers nu most commonly eastarli soulh-laslward nonh-caiwart and nonh art ~nd that Ianee 15 rarc to glacIers no Ill soUlh al1ltl e$1 HIgh summer radlJIIOn and Sleep balTetl 51opegt control lhe glaier ablation palems The mamum raliiaiion halance measured 011 Balura Ixicr was Oer 279 lWm-2 (hang Jl1u3 el 01 1980) II IS csl1mated Ihal melting accounlS for 80middot of the heal 105~

hell5 ollly 2o-~ IS due 10 C aporalion ~nd tall 1100 (iouhe ct al 19lH l

~

bull-

gt

bull 0 bull 0

bull

gt

gt 0

Filur I~ ( middotooli Ir~pb of lthn~ in i lion of Fl an ~ladltn i bull 188t IFrom ( bull Ji lt 01 8-1 )

At J nUI1Itgtr r locahnes remnJiltS of glacial deposits occur righl across the malO mer Jlkygt ImhcJttog rapid glacial adanceS rrom tribulary alleys and 1m subsequent dunI1lupound r the maIn alky rhe bal known Incidences of n er bloche dUI 10 gIJ-Ial sur~ an lholtt of -U S)shk1 and Hinl In the HUIV3 Valky (DmYihlrc el 31 199(1 lioUlhe ct al 1)8~J Some of Ihe glacIer -claiM hatards Inclode glancr noodgt ICC and ltc-rod aaianch~S ~urges landsllde5 glaCIal dcbm nows elc

pUCI o(ioci HtlUal

The conllnued rClrct of glaCIers can hamiddotc a number of di fferent Impacts

A ltonllnucd relreat of glacic~ III areas those arc heamiddotII)- depend~nl on aler runoff from glaciers dunngthe warmer summer monlhs will ecnllJally dlele Ihe glacial ICC and $UbstanllalJy reduce or eirnllnalc runoff A reduction In runoff III nOI only affecl the ability 10 Irrigate crops and onhards In Ihe motntalnOU$ arc hili a~eulture In Ihe eIltirc Indus Basm System II be affected This gt1luo(IOn 1 parttularly acule for Impuon In glaCiated regIOn of aklslan whe ~gncuhure IS otluslcly dcpcnJem on Iactal melt

rcilucllon In glcr mell 111 affec t Ihe Ilttc55ary runoff fOT hydropower ~enltTIn and repkmhmenl 10 danb and reservoirs to summer

I

1920 1940 Y

II 111 fTlaquo1 Ih~ hHdleTIlI paMlcularl) frlaquoh aler ltpctIe$ soll1lt ~pXI~ lt frelthaICT fi~h llCed colltl Jler 10 lturne anltlIO reproducc_ and Ihls l$lspxIJII rue Ih Salmon allli Cuuhmal ImUI

J4 Gluftn nd Clul1 1loIn

The glacial reltourcelt nf HUlla KIer hn ere IneuIled Ihrouh J collahorae slultly ~Jmed (lui h) la~Ilall Agnltul1urrl Research CoullClI (lAK() and Inlemallonal ecmre for Ime~aled MnUnl31n De~lnfmerl1 lClMOI)) 1epal dunl1l1 ~HImiddot2(~15

IKoohi el I 2n()~ n 111 ~ntltf~ IIf gla~n alld glaCial la~e an) 100enlla1l ~ lang~u Glacial l ak Oulhurlt1 rnnd~ for hnle nnnhcm area_ alt de eloped Actnrdll1g 10 Ihe Incmory resullS Hunn RJCT baSin has 10lal of )1)50 glaciers hlCh cocr all area of more than -1677 sq kill and Inglh ofabolll ~9J5 kill Tlu gl~lalcd area I higher ]u JW J E and -J[ aSfCCts There arc 201 alle) glaCiers ~rnong hllth promlll~nl ar~ Hlslar Balura IJu Cihul~llI_ Guhnn ell Ahuul 1-1 Pltn~nl glaItT Jre ~Iafieltf as ClflUC t)lC gIJI~1lI 1Ir1c malmum belonillo llche 1)lC ~bC1ers In man) elle Ihe ~Iky gbult1lI Iudl dgt(elld 10 Ihe 10 r JlIeys rultj III JIMurhan - rl~r fl lt and somc tlIlIC causc damnlmg thus tfCJlml Situation lke lake oulbunl ilood hu~nl

Thcre arc about 110 glacinllnkes Identlficd mlhe bain anlong h lch 49 )l~flt~111 ar~ r supra-lliaclallpe The SUlro-Slaclalla~ es arc pontls of liquid aler deeloped 011 the lOp ofa glaclcr or hill the ce ma~s III any posItion oflhe glaCier Although these fIOOls arc ephemeral they may reach klomelers m diameter and be scvcral meters dep Th~y mJ last for months or een detades at a IIIne but call empty ulthc eOllrse orh]ur~ Shlflmg mngmg and draimng of Ihe lakes ch(l(llcterize Supra-glacial la~cs Thc m~rgmg of la~e results III expansion of the lake area and storage of a hugc olume or aler It II a high leel of potenMI energy_ [he tendency of a glaCial lakc luards mersmg and e~palldlllg Indicates Ihe dangcr Icvel of a OLOF Such la~ltgt arc a promment feature of farge valle glaclcrs Iymg III the Karakoram regIOn

20

Chal t r ~

Glacioll Lake Outbursl Floods (CLOFs)

Or tillt I~I nJI kmiddotd~ h~ an m lburS l1lt1od ~tnb omiddotImiddotUltltI 10 HnII~)o lIn 01 r~~IUl lh~l had TIul~d UcaJllng I~(l 011 Ih XI(Ishycon (Onollll(gt ~nlIOnmm Uld I(Urai TIIf(C I (he r~~n Dutlng Ihe Il~

Ikh~Il~ ~nltl LIlII~ ke t- the- oImI~~ augt(j h~ (jLOh ne IJr~t - (JIlt JIgtII Ien)( Iml~red to Ih~ n-COI ~ AI nJO Inltl III Ihe pa- In ~larlllk 11K IYO Jnd _111 ~11ltel dJm HId tLm tgtu-( n_ In Ihe lndu I~m ere J Ia)r and lCum fI~ Ikh 1lt)lt)1) Th~ 111C ril tLl] Ct aod rurlh~rlhogt JfC JllIIclJtrol In n IUlur lol 111 ~reI01 hen lcr llammd hy a t-]acirr or J (trac relcal It calmlh UJh~~ I Jhr tHUll Ifurc Ir111 J 1r1~(lal la~~ The IIan charternn nj Ih Col or Ih~mllelln ncluol

~ Sudokn tgturI~ ul glltl b~~ tlla ~re cUher KC dammed r mOranl(shyummed

Thc-c bL uU~II) ~Ofla hlL)c Ium r Ir Ilano~alJ~d I~ ~n(rJII)- nreh h JcrtlllII~ en b~ ppn~ hc~

ie J~mnJ hLegt d~tn nndrn~alh Ih I 11 nxI ur~c ~ Inltpl~ hnd~J of ~1IlIlllte Jnwtlltlm Iron Ihe

pbnill ttlmiddot SJncm lo~h Jur bull GLOF nC 1middot~I~rllOnall~ h1poundh CJJIolllll fallun 1 thl c or glaI~ ltcJn~m can r(lea olum or laL

ller m( J hlll~ 1 ef mmt I JJ~

Iuh (J III dam~~ c~ICJ uunn (il O~ Chili ~gtlt bulllIcd h IhI I r~c aunt- 01 kh IhJI r011lIdn~ Ih~ nUlgtdw~ D~Jgc I 111ltI1nl ~nJ Irmb] can L IIa~c I 1 ~f1 al d 1ln from lh~ oUlbuN 0 ( LeS 1 lX7tll

It h bn 1(()cJ Ih hUIII J-jIiIC h hJII~~d lit dmalc I thc ~Iu~ r~1 d ollluH1~ C1111 on l1 ~IfOOIl d d~ IC02 I and other ~JC 011 JU Ihc tiXrJlllre ( Ihe (1flh Ulal 10 lncree lunh hId III dlfed all the )CI11gt (peIJII~ ( r(ltI Ihu hl~hl~ (lUI it nwun h~n) til l~mpolalure In Ih lIee iounh lmiddotIllCIII RIn n h llt~n hl~hlo)hed Ihal Ihe nJ blbnc 01 c flre~ I 110)111 flmiddot~n Jdllu~ al III alarmlll~ ate 1 cumparr] 10 olhe fC)lIlS 01 Ihe tl hgtllC

Ihe re III ~Iob~l rmw3 cJU~ glI~] rclre J III I1lUl~ moun lan rtEufI IIlcludlllll IIl1ltJIJHI Ie I PJIIIla I)lnnh~ hall~u 1111 ke ge- (0 15iG--1150J on t ~ In~ Ihln luJ~~ hgtr~ill frm~oI III lIulil f JI~ rl 1 Ihal Ilftl hh ~ Ik b~e nwtd~) GiJUJllun anJ llI~r-l1an~1n d1~ 1lIural rroc~~ d~( hmiddot ClITcU ea~l Jun~ Ih Ihl IOJUI )e~rlt a ~ertl rule It L~n ~ ~d

--- -- - --- - --- -

( I )80 I foullol ha Ihe aharw iog ~IJciers nu most commonly eastarli soulh-laslward nonh-caiwart and nonh art ~nd that Ianee 15 rarc to glacIers no Ill soUlh al1ltl e$1 HIgh summer radlJIIOn and Sleep balTetl 51opegt control lhe glaier ablation palems The mamum raliiaiion halance measured 011 Balura Ixicr was Oer 279 lWm-2 (hang Jl1u3 el 01 1980) II IS csl1mated Ihal melting accounlS for 80middot of the heal 105~

hell5 ollly 2o-~ IS due 10 C aporalion ~nd tall 1100 (iouhe ct al 19lH l

~

bull-

gt

bull 0 bull 0

bull

gt

gt 0

Filur I~ ( middotooli Ir~pb of lthn~ in i lion of Fl an ~ladltn i bull 188t IFrom ( bull Ji lt 01 8-1 )

At J nUI1Itgtr r locahnes remnJiltS of glacial deposits occur righl across the malO mer Jlkygt ImhcJttog rapid glacial adanceS rrom tribulary alleys and 1m subsequent dunI1lupound r the maIn alky rhe bal known Incidences of n er bloche dUI 10 gIJ-Ial sur~ an lholtt of -U S)shk1 and Hinl In the HUIV3 Valky (DmYihlrc el 31 199(1 lioUlhe ct al 1)8~J Some of Ihe glacIer -claiM hatards Inclode glancr noodgt ICC and ltc-rod aaianch~S ~urges landsllde5 glaCIal dcbm nows elc

pUCI o(ioci HtlUal

The conllnued rClrct of glaCIers can hamiddotc a number of di fferent Impacts

A ltonllnucd relreat of glacic~ III areas those arc heamiddotII)- depend~nl on aler runoff from glaciers dunngthe warmer summer monlhs will ecnllJally dlele Ihe glacial ICC and $UbstanllalJy reduce or eirnllnalc runoff A reduction In runoff III nOI only affecl the ability 10 Irrigate crops and onhards In Ihe motntalnOU$ arc hili a~eulture In Ihe eIltirc Indus Basm System II be affected This gt1luo(IOn 1 parttularly acule for Impuon In glaCiated regIOn of aklslan whe ~gncuhure IS otluslcly dcpcnJem on Iactal melt

rcilucllon In glcr mell 111 affec t Ihe Ilttc55ary runoff fOT hydropower ~enltTIn and repkmhmenl 10 danb and reservoirs to summer

I

1920 1940 Y

II 111 fTlaquo1 Ih~ hHdleTIlI paMlcularl) frlaquoh aler ltpctIe$ soll1lt ~pXI~ lt frelthaICT fi~h llCed colltl Jler 10 lturne anltlIO reproducc_ and Ihls l$lspxIJII rue Ih Salmon allli Cuuhmal ImUI

J4 Gluftn nd Clul1 1loIn

The glacial reltourcelt nf HUlla KIer hn ere IneuIled Ihrouh J collahorae slultly ~Jmed (lui h) la~Ilall Agnltul1urrl Research CoullClI (lAK() and Inlemallonal ecmre for Ime~aled MnUnl31n De~lnfmerl1 lClMOI)) 1epal dunl1l1 ~HImiddot2(~15

IKoohi el I 2n()~ n 111 ~ntltf~ IIf gla~n alld glaCial la~e an) 100enlla1l ~ lang~u Glacial l ak Oulhurlt1 rnnd~ for hnle nnnhcm area_ alt de eloped Actnrdll1g 10 Ihe Incmory resullS Hunn RJCT baSin has 10lal of )1)50 glaciers hlCh cocr all area of more than -1677 sq kill and Inglh ofabolll ~9J5 kill Tlu gl~lalcd area I higher ]u JW J E and -J[ aSfCCts There arc 201 alle) glaCiers ~rnong hllth promlll~nl ar~ Hlslar Balura IJu Cihul~llI_ Guhnn ell Ahuul 1-1 Pltn~nl glaItT Jre ~Iafieltf as ClflUC t)lC gIJI~1lI 1Ir1c malmum belonillo llche 1)lC ~bC1ers In man) elle Ihe ~Iky gbult1lI Iudl dgt(elld 10 Ihe 10 r JlIeys rultj III JIMurhan - rl~r fl lt and somc tlIlIC causc damnlmg thus tfCJlml Situation lke lake oulbunl ilood hu~nl

Thcre arc about 110 glacinllnkes Identlficd mlhe bain anlong h lch 49 )l~flt~111 ar~ r supra-lliaclallpe The SUlro-Slaclalla~ es arc pontls of liquid aler deeloped 011 the lOp ofa glaclcr or hill the ce ma~s III any posItion oflhe glaCier Although these fIOOls arc ephemeral they may reach klomelers m diameter and be scvcral meters dep Th~y mJ last for months or een detades at a IIIne but call empty ulthc eOllrse orh]ur~ Shlflmg mngmg and draimng of Ihe lakes ch(l(llcterize Supra-glacial la~cs Thc m~rgmg of la~e results III expansion of the lake area and storage of a hugc olume or aler It II a high leel of potenMI energy_ [he tendency of a glaCial lakc luards mersmg and e~palldlllg Indicates Ihe dangcr Icvel of a OLOF Such la~ltgt arc a promment feature of farge valle glaclcrs Iymg III the Karakoram regIOn

20

Chal t r ~

Glacioll Lake Outbursl Floods (CLOFs)

Or tillt I~I nJI kmiddotd~ h~ an m lburS l1lt1od ~tnb omiddotImiddotUltltI 10 HnII~)o lIn 01 r~~IUl lh~l had TIul~d UcaJllng I~(l 011 Ih XI(Ishycon (Onollll(gt ~nlIOnmm Uld I(Urai TIIf(C I (he r~~n Dutlng Ihe Il~

Ikh~Il~ ~nltl LIlII~ ke t- the- oImI~~ augt(j h~ (jLOh ne IJr~t - (JIlt JIgtII Ien)( Iml~red to Ih~ n-COI ~ AI nJO Inltl III Ihe pa- In ~larlllk 11K IYO Jnd _111 ~11ltel dJm HId tLm tgtu-( n_ In Ihe lndu I~m ere J Ia)r and lCum fI~ Ikh 1lt)lt)1) Th~ 111C ril tLl] Ct aod rurlh~rlhogt JfC JllIIclJtrol In n IUlur lol 111 ~reI01 hen lcr llammd hy a t-]acirr or J (trac relcal It calmlh UJh~~ I Jhr tHUll Ifurc Ir111 J 1r1~(lal la~~ The IIan charternn nj Ih Col or Ih~mllelln ncluol

~ Sudokn tgturI~ ul glltl b~~ tlla ~re cUher KC dammed r mOranl(shyummed

Thc-c bL uU~II) ~Ofla hlL)c Ium r Ir Ilano~alJ~d I~ ~n(rJII)- nreh h JcrtlllII~ en b~ ppn~ hc~

ie J~mnJ hLegt d~tn nndrn~alh Ih I 11 nxI ur~c ~ Inltpl~ hnd~J of ~1IlIlllte Jnwtlltlm Iron Ihe

pbnill ttlmiddot SJncm lo~h Jur bull GLOF nC 1middot~I~rllOnall~ h1poundh CJJIolllll fallun 1 thl c or glaI~ ltcJn~m can r(lea olum or laL

ller m( J hlll~ 1 ef mmt I JJ~

Iuh (J III dam~~ c~ICJ uunn (il O~ Chili ~gtlt bulllIcd h IhI I r~c aunt- 01 kh IhJI r011lIdn~ Ih~ nUlgtdw~ D~Jgc I 111ltI1nl ~nJ Irmb] can L IIa~c I 1 ~f1 al d 1ln from lh~ oUlbuN 0 ( LeS 1 lX7tll

It h bn 1(()cJ Ih hUIII J-jIiIC h hJII~~d lit dmalc I thc ~Iu~ r~1 d ollluH1~ C1111 on l1 ~IfOOIl d d~ IC02 I and other ~JC 011 JU Ihc tiXrJlllre ( Ihe (1flh Ulal 10 lncree lunh hId III dlfed all the )CI11gt (peIJII~ ( r(ltI Ihu hl~hl~ (lUI it nwun h~n) til l~mpolalure In Ih lIee iounh lmiddotIllCIII RIn n h llt~n hl~hlo)hed Ihal Ihe nJ blbnc 01 c flre~ I 110)111 flmiddot~n Jdllu~ al III alarmlll~ ate 1 cumparr] 10 olhe fC)lIlS 01 Ihe tl hgtllC

Ihe re III ~Iob~l rmw3 cJU~ glI~] rclre J III I1lUl~ moun lan rtEufI IIlcludlllll IIl1ltJIJHI Ie I PJIIIla I)lnnh~ hall~u 1111 ke ge- (0 15iG--1150J on t ~ In~ Ihln luJ~~ hgtr~ill frm~oI III lIulil f JI~ rl 1 Ihal Ilftl hh ~ Ik b~e nwtd~) GiJUJllun anJ llI~r-l1an~1n d1~ 1lIural rroc~~ d~( hmiddot ClITcU ea~l Jun~ Ih Ihl IOJUI )e~rlt a ~ertl rule It L~n ~ ~d

II 111 fTlaquo1 Ih~ hHdleTIlI paMlcularl) frlaquoh aler ltpctIe$ soll1lt ~pXI~ lt frelthaICT fi~h llCed colltl Jler 10 lturne anltlIO reproducc_ and Ihls l$lspxIJII rue Ih Salmon allli Cuuhmal ImUI

J4 Gluftn nd Clul1 1loIn

The glacial reltourcelt nf HUlla KIer hn ere IneuIled Ihrouh J collahorae slultly ~Jmed (lui h) la~Ilall Agnltul1urrl Research CoullClI (lAK() and Inlemallonal ecmre for Ime~aled MnUnl31n De~lnfmerl1 lClMOI)) 1epal dunl1l1 ~HImiddot2(~15

IKoohi el I 2n()~ n 111 ~ntltf~ IIf gla~n alld glaCial la~e an) 100enlla1l ~ lang~u Glacial l ak Oulhurlt1 rnnd~ for hnle nnnhcm area_ alt de eloped Actnrdll1g 10 Ihe Incmory resullS Hunn RJCT baSin has 10lal of )1)50 glaciers hlCh cocr all area of more than -1677 sq kill and Inglh ofabolll ~9J5 kill Tlu gl~lalcd area I higher ]u JW J E and -J[ aSfCCts There arc 201 alle) glaCiers ~rnong hllth promlll~nl ar~ Hlslar Balura IJu Cihul~llI_ Guhnn ell Ahuul 1-1 Pltn~nl glaItT Jre ~Iafieltf as ClflUC t)lC gIJI~1lI 1Ir1c malmum belonillo llche 1)lC ~bC1ers In man) elle Ihe ~Iky gbult1lI Iudl dgt(elld 10 Ihe 10 r JlIeys rultj III JIMurhan - rl~r fl lt and somc tlIlIC causc damnlmg thus tfCJlml Situation lke lake oulbunl ilood hu~nl

Thcre arc about 110 glacinllnkes Identlficd mlhe bain anlong h lch 49 )l~flt~111 ar~ r supra-lliaclallpe The SUlro-Slaclalla~ es arc pontls of liquid aler deeloped 011 the lOp ofa glaclcr or hill the ce ma~s III any posItion oflhe glaCier Although these fIOOls arc ephemeral they may reach klomelers m diameter and be scvcral meters dep Th~y mJ last for months or een detades at a IIIne but call empty ulthc eOllrse orh]ur~ Shlflmg mngmg and draimng of Ihe lakes ch(l(llcterize Supra-glacial la~cs Thc m~rgmg of la~e results III expansion of the lake area and storage of a hugc olume or aler It II a high leel of potenMI energy_ [he tendency of a glaCial lakc luards mersmg and e~palldlllg Indicates Ihe dangcr Icvel of a OLOF Such la~ltgt arc a promment feature of farge valle glaclcrs Iymg III the Karakoram regIOn

20

Chal t r ~

Glacioll Lake Outbursl Floods (CLOFs)

Or tillt I~I nJI kmiddotd~ h~ an m lburS l1lt1od ~tnb omiddotImiddotUltltI 10 HnII~)o lIn 01 r~~IUl lh~l had TIul~d UcaJllng I~(l 011 Ih XI(Ishycon (Onollll(gt ~nlIOnmm Uld I(Urai TIIf(C I (he r~~n Dutlng Ihe Il~

Ikh~Il~ ~nltl LIlII~ ke t- the- oImI~~ augt(j h~ (jLOh ne IJr~t - (JIlt JIgtII Ien)( Iml~red to Ih~ n-COI ~ AI nJO Inltl III Ihe pa- In ~larlllk 11K IYO Jnd _111 ~11ltel dJm HId tLm tgtu-( n_ In Ihe lndu I~m ere J Ia)r and lCum fI~ Ikh 1lt)lt)1) Th~ 111C ril tLl] Ct aod rurlh~rlhogt JfC JllIIclJtrol In n IUlur lol 111 ~reI01 hen lcr llammd hy a t-]acirr or J (trac relcal It calmlh UJh~~ I Jhr tHUll Ifurc Ir111 J 1r1~(lal la~~ The IIan charternn nj Ih Col or Ih~mllelln ncluol

~ Sudokn tgturI~ ul glltl b~~ tlla ~re cUher KC dammed r mOranl(shyummed

Thc-c bL uU~II) ~Ofla hlL)c Ium r Ir Ilano~alJ~d I~ ~n(rJII)- nreh h JcrtlllII~ en b~ ppn~ hc~

ie J~mnJ hLegt d~tn nndrn~alh Ih I 11 nxI ur~c ~ Inltpl~ hnd~J of ~1IlIlllte Jnwtlltlm Iron Ihe

pbnill ttlmiddot SJncm lo~h Jur bull GLOF nC 1middot~I~rllOnall~ h1poundh CJJIolllll fallun 1 thl c or glaI~ ltcJn~m can r(lea olum or laL

ller m( J hlll~ 1 ef mmt I JJ~

Iuh (J III dam~~ c~ICJ uunn (il O~ Chili ~gtlt bulllIcd h IhI I r~c aunt- 01 kh IhJI r011lIdn~ Ih~ nUlgtdw~ D~Jgc I 111ltI1nl ~nJ Irmb] can L IIa~c I 1 ~f1 al d 1ln from lh~ oUlbuN 0 ( LeS 1 lX7tll

It h bn 1(()cJ Ih hUIII J-jIiIC h hJII~~d lit dmalc I thc ~Iu~ r~1 d ollluH1~ C1111 on l1 ~IfOOIl d d~ IC02 I and other ~JC 011 JU Ihc tiXrJlllre ( Ihe (1flh Ulal 10 lncree lunh hId III dlfed all the )CI11gt (peIJII~ ( r(ltI Ihu hl~hl~ (lUI it nwun h~n) til l~mpolalure In Ih lIee iounh lmiddotIllCIII RIn n h llt~n hl~hlo)hed Ihal Ihe nJ blbnc 01 c flre~ I 110)111 flmiddot~n Jdllu~ al III alarmlll~ ate 1 cumparr] 10 olhe fC)lIlS 01 Ihe tl hgtllC

Ihe re III ~Iob~l rmw3 cJU~ glI~] rclre J III I1lUl~ moun lan rtEufI IIlcludlllll IIl1ltJIJHI Ie I PJIIIla I)lnnh~ hall~u 1111 ke ge- (0 15iG--1150J on t ~ In~ Ihln luJ~~ hgtr~ill frm~oI III lIulil f JI~ rl 1 Ihal Ilftl hh ~ Ik b~e nwtd~) GiJUJllun anJ llI~r-l1an~1n d1~ 1lIural rroc~~ d~( hmiddot ClITcU ea~l Jun~ Ih Ihl IOJUI )e~rlt a ~ertl rule It L~n ~ ~d

Chal t r ~

Glacioll Lake Outbursl Floods (CLOFs)

Or tillt I~I nJI kmiddotd~ h~ an m lburS l1lt1od ~tnb omiddotImiddotUltltI 10 HnII~)o lIn 01 r~~IUl lh~l had TIul~d UcaJllng I~(l 011 Ih XI(Ishycon (Onollll(gt ~nlIOnmm Uld I(Urai TIIf(C I (he r~~n Dutlng Ihe Il~

Ikh~Il~ ~nltl LIlII~ ke t- the- oImI~~ augt(j h~ (jLOh ne IJr~t - (JIlt JIgtII Ien)( Iml~red to Ih~ n-COI ~ AI nJO Inltl III Ihe pa- In ~larlllk 11K IYO Jnd _111 ~11ltel dJm HId tLm tgtu-( n_ In Ihe lndu I~m ere J Ia)r and lCum fI~ Ikh 1lt)lt)1) Th~ 111C ril tLl] Ct aod rurlh~rlhogt JfC JllIIclJtrol In n IUlur lol 111 ~reI01 hen lcr llammd hy a t-]acirr or J (trac relcal It calmlh UJh~~ I Jhr tHUll Ifurc Ir111 J 1r1~(lal la~~ The IIan charternn nj Ih Col or Ih~mllelln ncluol

~ Sudokn tgturI~ ul glltl b~~ tlla ~re cUher KC dammed r mOranl(shyummed

Thc-c bL uU~II) ~Ofla hlL)c Ium r Ir Ilano~alJ~d I~ ~n(rJII)- nreh h JcrtlllII~ en b~ ppn~ hc~

ie J~mnJ hLegt d~tn nndrn~alh Ih I 11 nxI ur~c ~ Inltpl~ hnd~J of ~1IlIlllte Jnwtlltlm Iron Ihe

pbnill ttlmiddot SJncm lo~h Jur bull GLOF nC 1middot~I~rllOnall~ h1poundh CJJIolllll fallun 1 thl c or glaI~ ltcJn~m can r(lea olum or laL

ller m( J hlll~ 1 ef mmt I JJ~

Iuh (J III dam~~ c~ICJ uunn (il O~ Chili ~gtlt bulllIcd h IhI I r~c aunt- 01 kh IhJI r011lIdn~ Ih~ nUlgtdw~ D~Jgc I 111ltI1nl ~nJ Irmb] can L IIa~c I 1 ~f1 al d 1ln from lh~ oUlbuN 0 ( LeS 1 lX7tll

It h bn 1(()cJ Ih hUIII J-jIiIC h hJII~~d lit dmalc I thc ~Iu~ r~1 d ollluH1~ C1111 on l1 ~IfOOIl d d~ IC02 I and other ~JC 011 JU Ihc tiXrJlllre ( Ihe (1flh Ulal 10 lncree lunh hId III dlfed all the )CI11gt (peIJII~ ( r(ltI Ihu hl~hl~ (lUI it nwun h~n) til l~mpolalure In Ih lIee iounh lmiddotIllCIII RIn n h llt~n hl~hlo)hed Ihal Ihe nJ blbnc 01 c flre~ I 110)111 flmiddot~n Jdllu~ al III alarmlll~ ate 1 cumparr] 10 olhe fC)lIlS 01 Ihe tl hgtllC

Ihe re III ~Iob~l rmw3 cJU~ glI~] rclre J III I1lUl~ moun lan rtEufI IIlcludlllll IIl1ltJIJHI Ie I PJIIIla I)lnnh~ hall~u 1111 ke ge- (0 15iG--1150J on t ~ In~ Ihln luJ~~ hgtr~ill frm~oI III lIulil f JI~ rl 1 Ihal Ilftl hh ~ Ik b~e nwtd~) GiJUJllun anJ llI~r-l1an~1n d1~ 1lIural rroc~~ d~( hmiddot ClITcU ea~l Jun~ Ih Ihl IOJUI )e~rlt a ~ertl rule It L~n ~ ~d

-----

thaI IIlucieli In lhe l-Limlay~ h~e rcuemed aboul ODe kn _iDee lhe Unlc k Age a snuuuon Ihm pwdes a larg~ rlaquoe to- relJlinmg mtll uter leadmg n the formatioo of mOl3inc-dammcd 1ale~ (Ll GGIWECSJr-EA 19118 and Mool 11 al 20(1) The ngtC In

aler leel in glacial lakes dammed by moraines creales a illlation thaI elldang~r) the lake In reach a breadung poirn

~ i I j f

I ~

ibull bull

bull

I bull

bull

bull - shy

bull -

~ t (lacier M 8~Janlaquo ill ariout ~ J DllOiD itfDyen

-12 nU l1gtl j n~ l erhan jsm~

Drll cnt lrrjgenng mc~hanm uf (jLOF ~~m ocpcKi on tho alltrr of Ih~ dunmirr~ tt~ren~l Ih [ltio 01 the la~e (h~ Ilume 01 arrr alUre and Iion 01 thoshygtltrled ngtlh~r ]Lr(lCr ph)~iltal and tpo~rallrrrl condmn~ and ~htr ph] l-ondn) or the gtunundng SO uf Ihr chantrit Ilf thl uoundn~ ueJ and aarcd gianC [liNn (hreJt III mor~e bmmed lake ure

oo-tcro~ ~nd nhluac ~~uuc lfOUj - r1CJf lh 1lc d~a Clac hange ntluin~ lllIwng 111-( In mgtC1 Ii The I~l_ 0 almh~ or l~rt~ ~ U[

Xt(~l nklalllli~ 111M 111 ~mems I I JroUlltl Ih~~r ~b rr -~ n fat rcu~rlllg glau~r Ddm orr anti (e(P ~T~hem m glaer rongu ~reJ Pmiddot or ell gtC and Inb 1IIla~(r (ongue Tpplruglnlllr 01 fladr ml- IT (he glamiddot~r tongue raquoJmg b trch mora~ uhin~ lrmll la~( relrCJt )1 J -umll~~ mother

~ll rlaCr Suddell laquohanlt-c r a ~1lI~r

(jencTJll 0 a glacer untler lhe sa(nrated SIIU alk Im lhere J la)e I ~rurltcJ

rm 1~u~ J ~ In Th PI bull -r d)~ I rhe gl~cmiddotrr I~[~ a en Ib~l JllXlCh f

21

ondmt- llal dmin undeme~ll llle glar-icr alng lbc bOO rock ~ un)(s the supramiddot glacial ltIlJlJIampI and pond are forTTlrd lhal nale subgl al a~lli and Condulb l1Ic ubsurfILe flo from the gllKlcr I as a lubricall1 bcl CCI1 the glacier and bW rock (Figure 42bl The drams frum the ~upramiddotglalt1 lakes ken hccon)( higgebull plmltularlr dme 10 the snout of tbc ghllier ~an c~use tke ltklOChnknt of 11K large pam f thoe lt1lt nlrlam glocier dnd can ltauSC GLOF

4311 Out hurst ~lood HlIllIrds

The igniji~ncc of thc-e loh lies cplaquolall~ In tbc c~lteluonal risk tn human commurnuc~ nfrasttture or tallatin and al-o in th roll In elOgtIOO and sednlCntaul Over nh ot Iheir course in the IIMJUnl3Jns lhe rccunled flood reach I(olghts well ahmc peak dih~h from Ummer nlClung llIc dynamic ~haraclcr greatly magnifoe their erosion ~nmpclce and calacll~ TIwSC t mailer arc of ngular impo11ancc In lh~ COIlIet of erosIOn of Ilk Kamkoram alic) and _~irncnl mlfl5por1 into dnlrlalll rcSCOI lIugc numbcri of landslide 113c ~n reponed on lerrKCS and alle~ des aftr 11K pa~~c or d~m bUlSt noods

4 lino l- of G10F Eens in II UDza ~ lI e~

In 1988 3 concerted cftort as made by Sno and lee Hydrology Project (SIHigtllo lld~ lakes created hy natural dams In the upper HUlila basin concentrating on he mall Hunza Valley OCtCCI vulmlt Batura and Siumshal 3119 lhgures _31 In ulmll h lluu rJ ~tjon fthe HutUa Valle) there I~ geoml1lpllolo~~al c Ien~ for a mpl hLslo~ of lales III th~ fonn of nnSlve lacumin eposi ~ Johnson I InS dlSltu~scI In deph geomorphological and $CdmcntoJopoundieal anal~ ~ of he lIuna all)- la~~ oltjimCllb ~nJ abo the hoVard nealed b) he dclopmen of ~malkr IccmiddotmarJlllal lakes ~ml1arl)_ Kell (19881 outhn the lI~tnncal dndopU1lf1tmd jltlpp bull -lranc or Jh I a~~ lnder Clrtaln n)lllthHons an hanl~ (gtf Khurdpln and Yurkhlll (lard glaclcI~

cmporanly hlocked he main Shlmshal alley Impoundmg runoff from u]erab beltr d ~JultinJ In the formation of a laqlt= lake The l(gtIal lake olume ~ lma~-d 10

2_0 I (IN m3 The IIlSlantaneoO$ max Imum dllt(hlfJlt was calculaled tn ~ 61)(1 1111 ~I or appnxlma1Cly cl-c times greater Ihan he average July d schllle of he lndu R 11 B~~ Qlla The flood had erodJ a large area of Passu Hu~allli and (iulmll

Thirty glaCltr1 an klhlnlo haq~ advanced 8Cros~ majo headac Sream oflh~ Indus and Yarkhun Somlt ICC dam may hal( been he nsult of gIJecr ~u~es A uyene I~

mmmonl) 3oCcompanied by IOcrcasIXj ata and sedlmenl discharge ~nd I~ ~remdy

hazardous to settlements or tIlstal1alloru on Ihe ay_ A Ic~ II urges of Ceeptnal ~a1e hac been reconk-tl so far 1IIIhe tppcr Indus Igtasin (Khan 1991 Some oflhe maJO ~urge and Oood c~cns resulling from ICC darn and lake oUlbUrsb landTidc 01 ddms 110 danJmiddotbrcaks In Hun allry are PICSltf1led in T~bk of 1 (JUSIU e JI 1ltI)middotn Sme ollhe eumples from past are rcsnclro In n-enlS of eXlreme magllltude heh haltl del lnm~ tmpact~ In the alley and loclude Ihe foIl0m8

~ In 1884 an ICC dam bun III the Shltllshal Ialley a northern Inh) of he Hunza led to a thf~- melre II in the IIYCr ICId caslIIg coulcrlhk dc IgtJIlOn U Gancsh and Baltit lhis as folloed by a Similar eem n 1~)3 and 1lhIl Jyen3111 In 1905 The laner $enl a 9m 000lt1 wave do middotn Ih~ Hunza clusIIIg landhp III the folio IIIg year Ihe Shllllshal caulted an nen bLpoundgcr 100d Ihan tha of 19115 rJlsmg Ihe HunzD hy over 1 S m abole its nomlal ummer flnod k el ~I fhJIt Other celllS occurre-d tn 1927 and 1928 In 1959 a sudden hursttOl pla~- In a lake damme-d h) one oflhe big glaciers III he Slunlshal alley

In 1977 Ihe Bah Bare g lacIer Jhoc Ihe vlIage fShl rltkJro 3 surgr ofmdt waolt hlch nn ItS decent collcctro ho-uldcl1 Slon gnl and SOIl ltw ru l lll~ mud ll1h look 3HY SCIC131 Ilou~es of he t11age before sprrdll~ In(gt5 Iii I aile floor to block off Ihe ri L-r lhe 20m Iu~ dam ltened a lake lhal lttr-IIhed bad Imos ltI Pa~u and in he proceq dro ned gtceral kilrnetr of new cotlrucled r~d When Ihe dJJll finall)- ) leldL-1Igt Ihe II Jler 1ClSUC (lomhm traquo the Pakl~tan All Fore hemg Ineffeclle) om LmponJtlt bndge and a 10llg trClch of roadway a tlUriro undt( accumulaed lakehed sill harK et al 11gt1)

~ In Darknt and Sando (September 1 97H) Ihe noodinN 01 a lale QUlhum eJuscd hy 10 frequency ClCOts W3 responSible fltlr Ihc remo 1 o rdds In )llt

4 lino l- of G10F Eens in II UDza ~ lI e~

In 1988 3 concerted cftort as made by Sno and lee Hydrology Project (SIHigtllo lld~ lakes created hy natural dams In the upper HUlila basin concentrating on he mall Hunza Valley OCtCCI vulmlt Batura and Siumshal 3119 lhgures _31 In ulmll h lluu rJ ~tjon fthe HutUa Valle) there I~ geoml1lpllolo~~al c Ien~ for a mpl hLslo~ of lales III th~ fonn of nnSlve lacumin eposi ~ Johnson I InS dlSltu~scI In deph geomorphological and $CdmcntoJopoundieal anal~ ~ of he lIuna all)- la~~ oltjimCllb ~nJ abo the hoVard nealed b) he dclopmen of ~malkr IccmiddotmarJlllal lakes ~ml1arl)_ Kell (19881 outhn the lI~tnncal dndopU1lf1tmd jltlpp bull -lranc or Jh I a~~ lnder Clrtaln n)lllthHons an hanl~ (gtf Khurdpln and Yurkhlll (lard glaclcI~

cmporanly hlocked he main Shlmshal alley Impoundmg runoff from u]erab beltr d ~JultinJ In the formation of a laqlt= lake The l(gtIal lake olume ~ lma~-d 10

2_0 I (IN m3 The IIlSlantaneoO$ max Imum dllt(hlfJlt was calculaled tn ~ 61)(1 1111 ~I or appnxlma1Cly cl-c times greater Ihan he average July d schllle of he lndu R 11 B~~ Qlla The flood had erodJ a large area of Passu Hu~allli and (iulmll

Thirty glaCltr1 an klhlnlo haq~ advanced 8Cros~ majo headac Sream oflh~ Indus and Yarkhun Somlt ICC dam may hal( been he nsult of gIJecr ~u~es A uyene I~

mmmonl) 3oCcompanied by IOcrcasIXj ata and sedlmenl discharge ~nd I~ ~remdy

hazardous to settlements or tIlstal1alloru on Ihe ay_ A Ic~ II urges of Ceeptnal ~a1e hac been reconk-tl so far 1IIIhe tppcr Indus Igtasin (Khan 1991 Some oflhe maJO ~urge and Oood c~cns resulling from ICC darn and lake oUlbUrsb landTidc 01 ddms 110 danJmiddotbrcaks In Hun allry are PICSltf1led in T~bk of 1 (JUSIU e JI 1ltI)middotn Sme ollhe eumples from past are rcsnclro In n-enlS of eXlreme magllltude heh haltl del lnm~ tmpact~ In the alley and loclude Ihe foIl0m8

~ In 1884 an ICC dam bun III the Shltllshal Ialley a northern Inh) of he Hunza led to a thf~- melre II in the IIYCr ICId caslIIg coulcrlhk dc IgtJIlOn U Gancsh and Baltit lhis as folloed by a Similar eem n 1~)3 and 1lhIl Jyen3111 In 1905 The laner $enl a 9m 000lt1 wave do middotn Ih~ Hunza clusIIIg landhp III the folio IIIg year Ihe Shllllshal caulted an nen bLpoundgcr 100d Ihan tha of 19115 rJlsmg Ihe HunzD hy over 1 S m abole its nomlal ummer flnod k el ~I fhJIt Other celllS occurre-d tn 1927 and 1928 In 1959 a sudden hursttOl pla~- In a lake damme-d h) one oflhe big glaciers III he Slunlshal alley

In 1977 Ihe Bah Bare g lacIer Jhoc Ihe vlIage fShl rltkJro 3 surgr ofmdt waolt hlch nn ItS decent collcctro ho-uldcl1 Slon gnl and SOIl ltw ru l lll~ mud ll1h look 3HY SCIC131 Ilou~es of he t11age before sprrdll~ In(gt5 Iii I aile floor to block off Ihe ri L-r lhe 20m Iu~ dam ltened a lake lhal lttr-IIhed bad Imos ltI Pa~u and in he proceq dro ned gtceral kilrnetr of new cotlrucled r~d When Ihe dJJll finall)- ) leldL-1Igt Ihe II Jler 1ClSUC (lomhm traquo the Pakl~tan All Fore hemg Ineffeclle) om LmponJtlt bndge and a 10llg trClch of roadway a tlUriro undt( accumulaed lakehed sill harK et al 11gt1)

~ In Darknt and Sando (September 1 97H) Ihe noodinN 01 a lale QUlhum eJuscd hy 10 frequency ClCOts W3 responSible fltlr Ihc remo 1 o rdds In )llt

depltlIon or up tu 4m ot hlfle dclgtm Al DarkOl 80 hu-~ an a scho1 err ash~ awa) I H u~Ik 19114)

In 197273 a mlkltlow blex-keltllhc Hunza RIer~ Halura followinJ IIU mm r~mrall on 2 u~ (Mdle 19R41 Sh YJfen) ~nd Wang (1980) in Ihe inrruJuction 1lt1 lh~ 111a1I1Ka1 udy I Iblura glaier reter wIn nood_ hih II~ma~cu die IlIJh~y anu hrld)c OU lhe BalUra dJmct The learn or Chllle ~1a10Iog1~ a tnl tn RJUlr I1laccr In rcspnse to hs ent and 10 ollder ()nlm-ilon k a uon durinll 197 ~ and 197S

is ~I fl I

l D I Iudi h) J t

On Aprol 11th 19~ ~ mllltln lIh J lrom ~O 10 _II) m hgh umd from A~ltbar

all~h 3 left hl InlgtiUat) 1~ lm ~lIh-l 1lIUra_ fan w fo 300 -lOO bull d bull Ncr I ) leng ~rt SO 10100 0 hl~h blodln~ lhe HunLgt Rw and ubn~ tht Fncndhi 8rid~c realln~ bull lake I Un lon~ lhJn~md Iutrn~ 1980f

I~ IQ74 delgt 11 from A Idlmiddotbanl ~ull) foUo ng he) ramall blocked the flun KIel 11Ih Ibullbull hai~ nu oi 2~U mVc The udn had front ~ III h~h 1m Iape tn rolJlljl IOU tgtl1lltr~cd (n ~dg Q e Hunla One hour laiC m rer lt~ IhIOlgh n -n lt[10 Kah1 a knl I JjrI (WI he lr(llt Yan Rwr 11i)~J 1elt~ In 11)71 a n of foL and mud all ltgtbIllerIed Ih Il~jc and 11rO) ed nel h

ul Inolandmiddot Vhllmiddot II~~ I to th C rnt bull CUf1ng in Ij7~

- - - --

Ible ~ I II ur[ hnarn t cnl In It HIIIIlW wll liljj 19IIJ

Escm L~lt T~n of oIgtfc __ R ~I I or iIlJ~e land dUolt Il

unltktculIn~ 01 ~rnc nhng ~II lIa~e rrom S In Id

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um~r r (jlOl tI~nl~ h~ oulTtd in GOt~1 Teh of HUDZ~ (Iue 10 clinwl~ ~han~~ mille relt~nl ~~rgt Seriou tffed arc ~cncralltd b) [he fonruUlon of lake~ and Ihelto p e ~ fre~ thalto adJalteni llIagc III tile alley hvc GLOF Cenl han been repontmiddotJ in ~(MI~ )II rhol~ md IJu glacl~ Oul of Iileo( rur hJe ocltmiddotumO UI Ghulkn gl~(middot i ~r

JIIJ 011middot JI Pau gl lcr The glKI~ 11 ~ ne~drl Iftrui or ~e~lon under Ihe nUCllec 01 (hmll~ lh~n~e hleh lead t) thc formallnn of gikldl lak~ With Ihe l~~ ume allil IncB~~ anmng trends Ihe number ~l1d hmiddotequcnq 01 GLor C~rlh ha~ ~h() ~tn lIl~reLd n Ihe ~Iltln

The Ghulk iJoicr 1I0~I~d III Ihc e1 of the KKH dratmng 1 melt nlO il un7a R1cr n lIe ~I ft 3hUI kill In Icn~Hh ~nJ POoC~ Ilt~ Ihlltmiddot~rgtt of ~pprnl13ld 111111 ~I ce 01 4 7 ~u m I Koohi CI al ~UOi) n glaI~ deleoo Imm lUI rn th ~ l1ICan Iopt I 14 fil It lemllnu III 1980 a -epaJ led IIlln tO pam 1 nonhorn ut In] an mcgul ltulhern noUI IFiEure oS 41 II uppea to hJ~ Iii )cndl rorm SII1ltt at Int 1996 The mun ~Iky -laquolion oi Ihe glalcr I eneled ~I~ltn lcCjl hl~h murame tilt blacl (kbnmiddotladcn Ilte WUJlhcred b) lar~e qUdnllt ] e~ 01 ])al f1II1lt Oil Jml rock fall crl~~ pallem Me ell J~e loptJ_ and there de nlremd~ recl ICC rail 1 Jrdhe OCJltJ The Im 1llts of Ihe noul arrear I hae J~ (~n)]n tlk t top~ralh~ lor ecral kilometre up t11~ glaler lhe IWO K~ ridpe hrlll~ -epar~ b~ the rn(uneJ ~nlfal ]cpltgtn

C]I~rlI the ~1Jller h~ le1 lope III lh~ upper cache (FIgure 4 ~I_ In nujjle ~lon Ihe 11 In lhe llral rut I 111lt- ~llt i er rciallch I ami Ihcrdorc fold ~n lie Cen ]n 1 --I]on I lhe gbutr 0 the kit ilUc 01 the jbder Ihcre Sleeper Fodlell Lnlp [() nght Hie -The ~r oC11Il~ 01 the onlonr hnc 11 31 Wmill) point I Ihe II1cr all hn figure 15 In the PIXmiddotr rehe he (nl ~lIon A-U oj Ihlt lou uIJle~ IhJt1I [It~ Isur irongt Ihc lefl de IS poblc rflr UICllknI or Ih a1~L~r n rihl d In the mid]k pMt ler sedn CmiddotOllh~ gr adient u rh~ right Ir m~ cmiddotJIIl1lhlt gbmiddot-r molcm ~ltkO Ihe nghl SIde dJIlIllImalel) )1(lt h~~

II Ih~ lI~ht Jc alpllli F-I HJI~ an~hle ~Iecpoc anJ dllaoce 10 ndj~ 11n~ Ihc lmiddotI1 mo~mclll ~n] 1l1-gtlt1l1ltnl prnI pou ole be Ing 1klopeltl lmiddotunherlllure Jd CC un Ih IUer half r [Illt g lauer ma~egt It rnon- ugtltTpIbk 10 any ~hang~ in l~mllltTlUr~ II ~ur~ ~nl

lllr~ If mnl upr~middotgblt1 bl Jeelo(lelt1 on Ihe urfaec of Ghlllk giJ~- LAc 1) IIltmiddot ~ued b) or mdllll ]un~ _ummel IIlumhlt If Oler tlk penoo je b r~1 JII 11111 IrI~ dIUrnI[lt I- 111) mJ~ ] Ilt fl) 0 cllo In the Ix h r r~ bulltj( _I -reIgt Th~ he~I) 11] snoul JIK nUIOu ltm~1 1 ~J C~ tll~ ttl

brg- ie It ller 1llt1lnm ne~ melt Ier nu fqunti) tmiddothangc til ourn ~nd r1l 1~IlO

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~ pnure POlllL dccloJ1lltt on (m glacier due (0 ltkllris load all pII1l1ed In hgure J 7 Oer the lil1k along Itgt Iktgtris preulC I~ the load on tlt hard ic~ lT1CrcaStmiddot~ and t~ underline hard icc layer gel IhlflIl(] and thu~ elS ca~er (Figure J g) The la)~ of hanl Ice OCItell upper ltkbns ltwered layer ami ub-surfoce flow lam getting creaks and ullimalel) tMlte crca~ get ider In la~ II there is a upra glaialla~e ~1 the lop lhe flhr of the aler cau)Cs the thinner hard Ice la)cr 10 hreak and thus cau~ tM GLOF Durinll the pr()Ces~ fil)l the hluck aler ie debris ml~ed water dram Qll followed by clean waleT wilh plt(e~ of hard icc and finally lhe fine maleri a l (Figure t9) l)uc Itl drunajC of ~upnl glJeial laJ~ the nalUrJI drainage 01 (he sub-glacial now is bloc~ed amI ellner tlc pmceS$ of f(mumtI of urr glanal ltlc IS (aned again or then accumulation nr sub-lxiaJ fluw nsu1tin~ in ~ub-glaltial lakc resulting III anOlner GLOF or a glacial Qllhurst- Among lhell 10 the ~1ampIJI burstl~ hard to predict

--

Figu~ 44 GhuUon and Ilus3Jm Uages ncar Ghulkin glacier

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~ pnure POlllL dccloJ1lltt on (m glacier due (0 ltkllris load all pII1l1ed In hgure J 7 Oer the lil1k along Itgt Iktgtris preulC I~ the load on tlt hard ic~ lT1CrcaStmiddot~ and t~ underline hard icc layer gel IhlflIl(] and thu~ elS ca~er (Figure J g) The la)~ of hanl Ice OCItell upper ltkbns ltwered layer ami ub-surfoce flow lam getting creaks and ullimalel) tMlte crca~ get ider In la~ II there is a upra glaialla~e ~1 the lop lhe flhr of the aler cau)Cs the thinner hard Ice la)cr 10 hreak and thus cau~ tM GLOF Durinll the pr()Ces~ fil)l the hluck aler ie debris ml~ed water dram Qll followed by clean waleT wilh plt(e~ of hard icc and finally lhe fine maleri a l (Figure t9) l)uc Itl drunajC of ~upnl glJeial laJ~ the nalUrJI drainage 01 (he sub-glacial now is bloc~ed amI ellner tlc pmceS$ of f(mumtI of urr glanal ltlc IS (aned again or then accumulation nr sub-lxiaJ fluw nsu1tin~ in ~ub-glaltial lakc resulting III anOlner GLOF or a glacial Qllhurst- Among lhell 10 the ~1ampIJI burstl~ hard to predict

~ pnure POlllL dccloJ1lltt on (m glacier due (0 ltkllris load all pII1l1ed In hgure J 7 Oer the lil1k along Itgt Iktgtris preulC I~ the load on tlt hard ic~ lT1CrcaStmiddot~ and t~ underline hard icc layer gel IhlflIl(] and thu~ elS ca~er (Figure J g) The la)~ of hanl Ice OCItell upper ltkbns ltwered layer ami ub-surfoce flow lam getting creaks and ullimalel) tMlte crca~ get ider In la~ II there is a upra glaialla~e ~1 the lop lhe flhr of the aler cau)Cs the thinner hard Ice la)cr 10 hreak and thus cau~ tM GLOF Durinll the pr()Ces~ fil)l the hluck aler ie debris ml~ed water dram Qll followed by clean waleT wilh plt(e~ of hard icc and finally lhe fine maleri a l (Figure t9) l)uc Itl drunajC of ~upnl glJeial laJ~ the nalUrJI drainage 01 (he sub-glacial now is bloc~ed amI ellner tlc pmceS$ of f(mumtI of urr glanal ltlc IS (aned again or then accumulation nr sub-lxiaJ fluw nsu1tin~ in ~ub-glaltial lakc resulting III anOlner GLOF or a glacial Qllhurst- Among lhell 10 the ~1ampIJI burstl~ hard to predict

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--The tihuilln ~1LI~r h~~ nllulkd II k~l IQUr l l ~ In n momh dunng 1008 caUlln hll~x damag~ 1ltgt nlrdurt Jnd pr0Xn~ IFiglr~ -1 10) n firll cenl oltu=o al ChulghOolh ~1tknlltnl 01 Ghulkin 1 1 g~ on MJ) ~1 dama~lnl pnlln~ and IlIfraSlnKlurc AnOther flood from lhe Ghullall GlacIer hn lhe KKH and lhe ChlUgholtth Itlcnlonl (lfl lY 2~ hKh laused huge losSl 10 poIl[O rgttJ Wh~~l crops ~ voluIIIlt r watlt 3 c) hi~h III the latcr 11d as cnmpared UJ [he flond Oil Ma) 21 On ~1a) ~1 20011 tlgtc lo~1 c(lnlJllunll~ 01 Ghulllli repncd a GlUt Inlldem hl~h M llmosl fleetoo the KlJal~nt se~ 1 s-nknt crop fie lds and 1= The KKH also JmIIncd dgtltJ [ 6 hour l1w 101Cgt1 C~nl oc~uJ on 141h of June ~008 aulng eriou damage 10 Ihe tra~(fULUlre and r fen)

~e(IJln III A~ghar hm (May I J 2(011) the al~T level tn a glallallalc calted Shtn BJII 011 Ghul~m gloltte r lJrled mmg bngerouI) pIng greal danger til hfe JnJ pmn (Flgull 411~) hig laJc~ had ocrn formed inSIde tihutkn gla-Ielt ~lJUC (It the rapld lIIung of huge lila r glacialce nu~~J J[h ~nd aJw T1)ds TIl loc~1 fCopk tld lhal w~ler Ied thc lake d~ rig at an acrJg~ I)fn ka 0 fed per ltla Th~ ILJlhur1 (ihulktn[(Ml pll~e frOnl Ihe outhern p1n of Ih glaer facill~ Ghlllkm 1I~ge hlk thr other Ialc ere lomltj tomh the nunhern tiC 01 Ihe Illaer algtltle l l u~mi llla~e The c(tenl 01 Sll~n Ball IJke dcrlaquo~ion aner the GIOr ~enl 1Ilt1n In Fgure -Illh l1lc lenglh ot tl drameJ bI ke lTIo~ulld appromalcly 2~ I meIer wlI)) a I illih 01 I~ mciCn ~nd deplh of 1 nlltl

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--The tihuilln ~1LI~r h~~ nllulkd II k~l IQUr l l ~ In n momh dunng 1008 caUlln hll~x damag~ 1ltgt nlrdurt Jnd pr0Xn~ IFiglr~ -1 10) n firll cenl oltu=o al ChulghOolh ~1tknlltnl 01 Ghulkin 1 1 g~ on MJ) ~1 dama~lnl pnlln~ and IlIfraSlnKlurc AnOther flood from lhe Ghullall GlacIer hn lhe KKH and lhe ChlUgholtth Itlcnlonl (lfl lY 2~ hKh laused huge losSl 10 poIl[O rgttJ Wh~~l crops ~ voluIIIlt r watlt 3 c) hi~h III the latcr 11d as cnmpared UJ [he flond Oil Ma) 21 On ~1a) ~1 20011 tlgtc lo~1 c(lnlJllunll~ 01 Ghulllli repncd a GlUt Inlldem hl~h M llmosl fleetoo the KlJal~nt se~ 1 s-nknt crop fie lds and 1= The KKH also JmIIncd dgtltJ [ 6 hour l1w 101Cgt1 C~nl oc~uJ on 141h of June ~008 aulng eriou damage 10 Ihe tra~(fULUlre and r fen)

~e(IJln III A~ghar hm (May I J 2(011) the al~T level tn a glallallalc calted Shtn BJII 011 Ghul~m gloltte r lJrled mmg bngerouI) pIng greal danger til hfe JnJ pmn (Flgull 411~) hig laJc~ had ocrn formed inSIde tihutkn gla-Ielt ~lJUC (It the rapld lIIung of huge lila r glacialce nu~~J J[h ~nd aJw T1)ds TIl loc~1 fCopk tld lhal w~ler Ied thc lake d~ rig at an acrJg~ I)fn ka 0 fed per ltla Th~ ILJlhur1 (ihulktn[(Ml pll~e frOnl Ihe outhern p1n of Ih glaer facill~ Ghlllkm 1I~ge hlk thr other Ialc ere lomltj tomh the nunhern tiC 01 Ihe Illaer algtltle l l u~mi llla~e The c(tenl 01 Sll~n Ball IJke dcrlaquo~ion aner the GIOr ~enl 1Ilt1n In Fgure -Illh l1lc lenglh ot tl drameJ bI ke lTIo~ulld appromalcly 2~ I meIer wlI)) a I illih 01 I~ mciCn ~nd deplh of 1 nlltl

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32

hpoo I supndatboJ I~kr (hulkill Tht t~ 01 ~Ilau Ireosiooo ~ by II WIllI tlnlmiddotGLO~

IC ~ of Mr Agtgh~r Khan) ISUngtmiddot Au~SI I~ 2008

II GL()I urti nl I(lHU G(lcilr

n Igtu glr Itd on the Imnhol hllkon gl~~cr aln~ lh~ II ( F ~rc J_I~) It CIndrO Hr len~lh I ltbout ~(~ Lrn ~l1d IXhc~ an lVerJ~~ lhcLn~ of ahUl 17 11 1 1~ ~nd ~~ e~ or dpprol~II 1O9ubocmiddot km IR~lh ll I ~U)iJ Ihe hlor~ I glle a mdlcJt~ bu(h adlillllC nl CI~I bch~vlour Th~ pal gl131 Jdlll) nl Pd (ill obn~d [hmugh d l rr~-cnt lacl1 landforms Iblc rn the 1gta1 alk~ hL~ ~rdd nhl lie) urf-~ d ltkelopnm of alO~ ridge (F gu J I Ja)_ An cnJ-morll1e J~lunJ 1iI~ uf aboul J_~J m 1 ~l1glh cro[cd I dtanltc ot 17~ [ll -mm 1 ~Iall~r du~ 10 Ihe ~1~r~ nlt~~on (Flgurc~ 4 13a amp b) r1l~ ) kc drain Imlgt lhe Hun Ru nO III II eh

I om1 ni rJ I1d mdllll~ I the ~1Hier lhe end orunc bmmd laLe an polti thrJ of G LOF hJZlnJ m onnmnn~ I) IIlg d)1r3m r hgm J 11 II ha ml i aloo ~ ydK halhlur 01 Ihn~ Jnd Irehung 11 I~ ke OUI h(ed In Jul) 2007 an1 SL1r1~d rlldhng aJ[~1 the GLOF ()((UrTen(~ nns ~car thc fir-I nood n~m ll ~ k plaltc In bl1 u~ry

~nll kill~ dOle r ~ll1k ~nd delroy ulg ~ultiat~J land ~ r~~-On a~I~ncd h~ the P ID II h~ Il~~11~ Ilk kahzcd cloud hurst noe Igtasltu [ ltke had e3led (jLQI apJm 11 -pnl ( ~()1I- re lc~nf J hu~e olun of al~1 WhlCh Nockcd Ih~ Kll SUlh ~ n n h1I[ fX Ilf (in nd -ll~ lugh I1l1middot ll1ng ad of lhe glaler under (h mfluen- I f hh 1-~oIIl~ ~mfC l lture

dmg 10 r~~ on Sund~~ ~elllnj1 01 -pnI6 ulden h~1 In Pa~sll glaercJuscd rcka~ 01 hug~ 1()lu tIt J I~r from Ihe lah The flood al~1 ha tlamax1 glaCier lUT) H ld 11 ~n ul1 ud hou~ JU( Iuy he ~ 1~1 1~ r In (I-tier [0 iI old Iher Lmage and Ihl(I twu~ nrll h~ gltoln hd ocrn euJled ~nd pcnpk hifl~d 1lt1 lhe re 11~

))

hpoo I supndatboJ I~kr (hulkill Tht t~ 01 ~Ilau Ireosiooo ~ by II WIllI tlnlmiddotGLO~

IC ~ of Mr Agtgh~r Khan) ISUngtmiddot Au~SI I~ 2008

II GL()I urti nl I(lHU G(lcilr

n Igtu glr Itd on the Imnhol hllkon gl~~cr aln~ lh~ II ( F ~rc J_I~) It CIndrO Hr len~lh I ltbout ~(~ Lrn ~l1d IXhc~ an lVerJ~~ lhcLn~ of ahUl 17 11 1 1~ ~nd ~~ e~ or dpprol~II 1O9ubocmiddot km IR~lh ll I ~U)iJ Ihe hlor~ I glle a mdlcJt~ bu(h adlillllC nl CI~I bch~vlour Th~ pal gl131 Jdlll) nl Pd (ill obn~d [hmugh d l rr~-cnt lacl1 landforms Iblc rn the 1gta1 alk~ hL~ ~rdd nhl lie) urf-~ d ltkelopnm of alO~ ridge (F gu J I Ja)_ An cnJ-morll1e J~lunJ 1iI~ uf aboul J_~J m 1 ~l1glh cro[cd I dtanltc ot 17~ [ll -mm 1 ~Iall~r du~ 10 Ihe ~1~r~ nlt~~on (Flgurc~ 4 13a amp b) r1l~ ) kc drain Imlgt lhe Hun Ru nO III II eh

I om1 ni rJ I1d mdllll~ I the ~1Hier lhe end orunc bmmd laLe an polti thrJ of G LOF hJZlnJ m onnmnn~ I) IIlg d)1r3m r hgm J 11 II ha ml i aloo ~ ydK halhlur 01 Ihn~ Jnd Irehung 11 I~ ke OUI h(ed In Jul) 2007 an1 SL1r1~d rlldhng aJ[~1 the GLOF ()((UrTen(~ nns ~car thc fir-I nood n~m ll ~ k plaltc In bl1 u~ry

~nll kill~ dOle r ~ll1k ~nd delroy ulg ~ultiat~J land ~ r~~-On a~I~ncd h~ the P ID II h~ Il~~11~ Ilk kahzcd cloud hurst noe Igtasltu [ ltke had e3led (jLQI apJm 11 -pnl ( ~()1I- re lc~nf J hu~e olun of al~1 WhlCh Nockcd Ih~ Kll SUlh ~ n n h1I[ fX Ilf (in nd -ll~ lugh I1l1middot ll1ng ad of lhe glaler under (h mfluen- I f hh 1-~oIIl~ ~mfC l lture

dmg 10 r~~ on Sund~~ ~elllnj1 01 -pnI6 ulden h~1 In Pa~sll glaercJuscd rcka~ 01 hug~ 1()lu tIt J I~r from Ihe lah The flood al~1 ha tlamax1 glaCier lUT) H ld 11 ~n ul1 ud hou~ JU( Iuy he ~ 1~1 1~ r In (I-tier [0 iI old Iher Lmage and Ihl(I twu~ nrll h~ gltoln hd ocrn euJled ~nd pcnpk hifl~d 1lt1 lhe re 11~

))

34

35

Chapler 5

Hazard Preparedness and Risk Mitigation

SI (oll1l11ullit ~ Stillp

In Ih~ Ilm~ ur-qcd Il~g~ JlltpUI~II di)lnbuuon I rlJdcr~t~lgt un~en due ll

rh~ ~ill nmdillll1 of llle area Re~JlQflJclIl) indudin) both m~lc lOd f(m1k~ Ixlon~ h dlliereni ~lle llrou~ all lboe 1~ ear [lie CdIK1lion~1 kd In men ranlc up II gaduJuo lute 10 ulleo ~~poJn lhe le1 up In HIIlII S~hool yoo~ (IL- hae nK11~ nlO~d I UI d~ ~IIlaf 10 mao ara for edlK1un Jnl laml ~IUp lfC JII hKh ~cncr~1Iy lOmpmcc ltIf middot10 fnul member- lfn- ltIf Ihe commU1lUC III Ihe III~J ht]un) 1 I mCllme C~l(gory The main C Ilf InOlflt arc fanlling dlmnal raml ounlc cnnlmIIMt wlllk a Ie arc Il()(mmelll ellp-

There n hlflnJI ltJmlnlrJIc IUP 10 Ih( IIJJc Th Tehldaf or Goial _Wll JI GUhl rcJlltohle fur f111I1110 In 3ny daln rCfKln-c ) and ~

nlIt~II Jlt1I~ mmuoilmiddot~lruUnJ IUP ltJmmanl III Ihe Ige nmuoll~ ganlJllt I~ demiddotelopct Ul cah 1I~~ for propr tUIKIlOlng and dCIlonp Ill ltlmmunu~ maul It I -gtr1 I ~n~g menl ~lUp llIeh h~ated b) Pndot1 ~~ltrCIM) Iud memllt (mpnml1 nOTble and ml~lIn lujo of tile (lIlnTun I y rh~y MC

I~lhk for oltultng offilnnnll) maul 11~gc gtIltS Jlld lmhkml 1 lhc lim I an) mOlor I (N one 1IIIId tn Ihe proce~ of dn ma~lIl) TIen re dIlT~nl t(lmmunlt) commillc~ ~ng rdmg 10 dlffr~nl 1~1lllla In lhe llJre In 11011111 JOOul 11 1I~gc lmmin(C~ hl FAIIIOI Iklllh t hu-h~h

ltlmilllaquo (I( ~rc or~lO~

gnulrurJI IIImiddotule hle 02 of 11lt11 gronv f polJllIe and Ire pldm1llOn are rrII~ed Ul Pll~ olta(gtn In rhe ur-eyeJ ~g plamallon I frt1 I dl J Inlll If(( I J )mmon IrdIIO and a good Ufcmiddot f livelihood erlgt (middotcr 1 holo1 hal 0 ltJ nor Ihan 100 m~ml) fnlll lr~ Ite prllol walnut 11110[dl 1lIt-erry PU rch~ Jppk pp IJ elc Popldf In~ ITC mlInly u~d fm limber (lr JI Ilreool Iulherr) Jnd WJltillt Ire are usd for hl)h lllJhly tumlur I(lll of Ille JHlIe hh tJm1lng and [(gtuno ~re sonai 1m lTe prwllCcd maml) Ul offil Rlh meo JnJ II11On lfC 11middot01 ranrung atUIC 1lgte omen hdp m har-eIII~ plll~lmg Jnd d~mll of lrul hlc tpn~ ~nd pblllrnl) ~Ilk dunn~ thi C hldoJr 1- Jllie and feood I wcd fur in ming (old C~n dno~ Julumo In IOIf II 100 cold tllr ee(Ulin~ an~ rmn~ and IOU ~illegt rrJnJlltn~li(1o and T1I~ dll1l lile dOlh 1 mg a~ polbk dllrio~ I h Clwn Slim lIf lhe wNl lt~c hngtlt nlru~IOI1 Irbprtallnn nI l1J)C Ltlmlr) Ir~ more or k unienakcn lhrllughOl1l (h )ar

I n( quelImiddot n~lfe lIrc~ I dumiddotted III 1l houh Id 01 Ih~ thrc lloge ul ~II IIbf hw tgtmiddotmiddotu Jrrt~led inmiddotIriJbl~ 11) nI h~lld lIt _ullc n vgt ul

J6

III land ~Ild j(rtKII of rrofa1j)1 md cummUfllOIi neIW0r Thu c r~n(l1 of eltn~ tlljot ha hoc-en jlmjnLh~d b~ -Jlaslwphlc nenl5 MI I Ie re(~gtIem Ihuu l~ndlk 11 h 111gt jlller 5Uf~e and glacla relrtll CdU~J II dJnJle -h~llge JU~ ~ld1jal Ile luhufli 11 1 100 jla 1 OOlhul~ ar~ he I Iural hrd f~ ~lt l Jrlhqtle rId nN mIl Some ( Ihe( h rd M tho ~h II er enn ad bndhde CI _r~ llllerhnicu Ihe tnlelbtl r flah floolth my 1Imiddotrea lhe Pc I nCI crUlnn nd III wmc CJOlt ltme Ir~~enJ (lr landIIdshy((h1 I the rltmiddotpltnd~ In (ihui~u dnd IlunL rhh l1LI mOlly ocur Uurnl Ih- 11m period I prill to end of um~r hLl fl1 lime tn Jalll1Jn 2NR A~r~e r~lluall 111 ~th r~~lon he in rl1n hauw and pr((lpll~llon n~lll) In (Illt fonn I Her HI bUI nen hllie ultgt In nedln 01 m memcmll~~dlido haz d I h~ 1 1 II ult-n hIIru ~ndlor bl1l~cJ tlue h) LKh ~enl~ tlurlllg rJn~ gtC

-chhn~ III 111 f the rcpondcnh lit( repoIe 0 och ~~n un elf-help ja nerr Ih tonH~1 Oll~ ~nd IrcpJlcJn HIltchalllm eun~ III the -illa~e In CL I ~n ullel IOIltkc Ihlt~ pruI~le JLIIcl~ on prlIhnj n~ltUlIm ~J f(

cnIC~ - Ihe lCUlI ulllklr qllagr or ~en (1 the ocljhbnunng 1Igc Fel)m 11- II txjlnen Innwlrdgc_lhhlc~1 md nlaJ JhlilC (I ~dlle (hc hazlld Tll gtm I th pcnpk leUligtr-ji movc (u other lown Jnd ~Ilgc uuall~ wlhe hIc thor rd~lIr bg~ ummumtle help III ri~1 rcdlKunn b) J1lt-Ing r(ooree Illh 11 IlI~ 1d )01gt JI lII~a linn nJ pmld I(CI) r~hltf Ihr pple_ bul rtour~~rrr mltlt1I) n~d(1u~(c ~I ommunH~ led 10 op h nlr~n 1Ij UJlllgt(l -11 ( Ihc rnponkm~ ul[rmcd Ih~( uue to Itl osr~uur~ II h ~ protgt-In rclltJl ln~ ecn Ihough 1 ollile iIlOler anI hI 1Jpoundr~le to ~f~ place Th~ (OnltnUmL TI(mhcrgt 1gtu(4 Imlrd -al1l~ I(e I mcdl~al hdp dunng crgco JIHI requnltd rr -lUI 1( u md nlcdlCal gtltn~e dun~g (rrrgcn~y jlu~IltJm T)l( Ipk f den~iIhed hII~I~trJs Jf~ 1u~uIO htnlllJI Khana and hool f~ htlter raquo1 I the rnflnlticnb dalln nnmiddot~aibhlli( r OOt-Hie ~ur]Xlrt fwm n) go~rnt1llt__ ~1 g-n~ II uc hallttltI

~ ~ io-bmiddot ork Imllatt of (I 01 H~lanh

Tillt GI 01 nrnh ~ a (hTlt1 10 hrhl1lt~1 h Illlt_ ltlin ~~neral( udltkn nolt~k J~r ~lgt1l1Jh not ulflLpl cmull1ltioo 10 I ) nmmunnic )1(10 ~nd 0 Ihr rIJ~lcr Ilor illll 01 hc ~1I11 nwl(j ~ (HI griululfJI bnu hh uhlll~lcl dkded lgtnl11~ f Ihe 1Pic Lcllhbullbull -d utltUril~ 0111- 10 lgnLhurlloe amn h IlLJJ n1Il Ir rld lnerlb1l Smilu 11001 JatnF Ihe InfrtnKiLu h h n tum In rlu~nltc lh~ IIInm and Lr(cfmarkltlIlg In~ Ihe ~fl~ In Ghullln_ Ihlt- SlTnlitnl dallt~~t du Itl tlOt~i tCnl in 2(J)~ The dctnlIn 01 bnd Phll~ Y III 1IU~1I011 hle Ihl I Janua~ l 200~ hJd (augttd l pyhlgll~1 JUIll~ andlllln1 il 1)1( IIi~ mnlU~ Dunn) hl~h flood wnrJnlOn [(01 hen bc m~1 dllLIrb-r~ heJI~h ~J Pgthlogll~1 pmlgtlCllh

11 llhc jll gc -rei~lI rldr) foil en and chldren ~rc uud ~nJl m(shym 111- [ 11ilt1I1~ dlJl~r Jnu nl In Hualm 11lt had Iumgcd tt mI I(nl~I(I1lhnd lhJt dtulbed itldlhu 01 IIIlt lIJ~~ 11 1- hme ut Ur

37

35

Chapler 5

Hazard Preparedness and Risk Mitigation

SI (oll1l11ullit ~ Stillp

In Ih~ Ilm~ ur-qcd Il~g~ JlltpUI~II di)lnbuuon I rlJdcr~t~lgt un~en due ll

rh~ ~ill nmdillll1 of llle area Re~JlQflJclIl) indudin) both m~lc lOd f(m1k~ Ixlon~ h dlliereni ~lle llrou~ all lboe 1~ ear [lie CdIK1lion~1 kd In men ranlc up II gaduJuo lute 10 ulleo ~~poJn lhe le1 up In HIIlII S~hool yoo~ (IL- hae nK11~ nlO~d I UI d~ ~IIlaf 10 mao ara for edlK1un Jnl laml ~IUp lfC JII hKh ~cncr~1Iy lOmpmcc ltIf middot10 fnul member- lfn- ltIf Ihe commU1lUC III Ihe III~J ht]un) 1 I mCllme C~l(gory The main C Ilf InOlflt arc fanlling dlmnal raml ounlc cnnlmIIMt wlllk a Ie arc Il()(mmelll ellp-

There n hlflnJI ltJmlnlrJIc IUP 10 Ih( IIJJc Th Tehldaf or Goial _Wll JI GUhl rcJlltohle fur f111I1110 In 3ny daln rCfKln-c ) and ~

nlIt~II Jlt1I~ mmuoilmiddot~lruUnJ IUP ltJmmanl III Ihe Ige nmuoll~ ganlJllt I~ demiddotelopct Ul cah 1I~~ for propr tUIKIlOlng and dCIlonp Ill ltlmmunu~ maul It I -gtr1 I ~n~g menl ~lUp llIeh h~ated b) Pndot1 ~~ltrCIM) Iud memllt (mpnml1 nOTble and ml~lIn lujo of tile (lIlnTun I y rh~y MC

I~lhk for oltultng offilnnnll) maul 11~gc gtIltS Jlld lmhkml 1 lhc lim I an) mOlor I (N one 1IIIId tn Ihe proce~ of dn ma~lIl) TIen re dIlT~nl t(lmmunlt) commillc~ ~ng rdmg 10 dlffr~nl 1~1lllla In lhe llJre In 11011111 JOOul 11 1I~gc lmmin(C~ hl FAIIIOI Iklllh t hu-h~h

ltlmilllaquo (I( ~rc or~lO~

gnulrurJI IIImiddotule hle 02 of 11lt11 gronv f polJllIe and Ire pldm1llOn are rrII~ed Ul Pll~ olta(gtn In rhe ur-eyeJ ~g plamallon I frt1 I dl J Inlll If(( I J )mmon IrdIIO and a good Ufcmiddot f livelihood erlgt (middotcr 1 holo1 hal 0 ltJ nor Ihan 100 m~ml) fnlll lr~ Ite prllol walnut 11110[dl 1lIt-erry PU rch~ Jppk pp IJ elc Popldf In~ ITC mlInly u~d fm limber (lr JI Ilreool Iulherr) Jnd WJltillt Ire are usd for hl)h lllJhly tumlur I(lll of Ille JHlIe hh tJm1lng and [(gtuno ~re sonai 1m lTe prwllCcd maml) Ul offil Rlh meo JnJ II11On lfC 11middot01 ranrung atUIC 1lgte omen hdp m har-eIII~ plll~lmg Jnd d~mll of lrul hlc tpn~ ~nd pblllrnl) ~Ilk dunn~ thi C hldoJr 1- Jllie and feood I wcd fur in ming (old C~n dno~ Julumo In IOIf II 100 cold tllr ee(Ulin~ an~ rmn~ and IOU ~illegt rrJnJlltn~li(1o and T1I~ dll1l lile dOlh 1 mg a~ polbk dllrio~ I h Clwn Slim lIf lhe wNl lt~c hngtlt nlru~IOI1 Irbprtallnn nI l1J)C Ltlmlr) Ir~ more or k unienakcn lhrllughOl1l (h )ar

I n( quelImiddot n~lfe lIrc~ I dumiddotted III 1l houh Id 01 Ih~ thrc lloge ul ~II IIbf hw tgtmiddotmiddotu Jrrt~led inmiddotIriJbl~ 11) nI h~lld lIt _ullc n vgt ul

J6

III land ~Ild j(rtKII of rrofa1j)1 md cummUfllOIi neIW0r Thu c r~n(l1 of eltn~ tlljot ha hoc-en jlmjnLh~d b~ -Jlaslwphlc nenl5 MI I Ie re(~gtIem Ihuu l~ndlk 11 h 111gt jlller 5Uf~e and glacla relrtll CdU~J II dJnJle -h~llge JU~ ~ld1jal Ile luhufli 11 1 100 jla 1 OOlhul~ ar~ he I Iural hrd f~ ~lt l Jrlhqtle rId nN mIl Some ( Ihe( h rd M tho ~h II er enn ad bndhde CI _r~ llllerhnicu Ihe tnlelbtl r flah floolth my 1Imiddotrea lhe Pc I nCI crUlnn nd III wmc CJOlt ltme Ir~~enJ (lr landIIdshy((h1 I the rltmiddotpltnd~ In (ihui~u dnd IlunL rhh l1LI mOlly ocur Uurnl Ih- 11m period I prill to end of um~r hLl fl1 lime tn Jalll1Jn 2NR A~r~e r~lluall 111 ~th r~~lon he in rl1n hauw and pr((lpll~llon n~lll) In (Illt fonn I Her HI bUI nen hllie ultgt In nedln 01 m memcmll~~dlido haz d I h~ 1 1 II ult-n hIIru ~ndlor bl1l~cJ tlue h) LKh ~enl~ tlurlllg rJn~ gtC

-chhn~ III 111 f the rcpondcnh lit( repoIe 0 och ~~n un elf-help ja nerr Ih tonH~1 Oll~ ~nd IrcpJlcJn HIltchalllm eun~ III the -illa~e In CL I ~n ullel IOIltkc Ihlt~ pruI~le JLIIcl~ on prlIhnj n~ltUlIm ~J f(

cnIC~ - Ihe lCUlI ulllklr qllagr or ~en (1 the ocljhbnunng 1Igc Fel)m 11- II txjlnen Innwlrdgc_lhhlc~1 md nlaJ JhlilC (I ~dlle (hc hazlld Tll gtm I th pcnpk leUligtr-ji movc (u other lown Jnd ~Ilgc uuall~ wlhe hIc thor rd~lIr bg~ ummumtle help III ri~1 rcdlKunn b) J1lt-Ing r(ooree Illh 11 IlI~ 1d )01gt JI lII~a linn nJ pmld I(CI) r~hltf Ihr pple_ bul rtour~~rrr mltlt1I) n~d(1u~(c ~I ommunH~ led 10 op h nlr~n 1Ij UJlllgt(l -11 ( Ihc rnponkm~ ul[rmcd Ih~( uue to Itl osr~uur~ II h ~ protgt-In rclltJl ln~ ecn Ihough 1 ollile iIlOler anI hI 1Jpoundr~le to ~f~ place Th~ (OnltnUmL TI(mhcrgt 1gtu(4 Imlrd -al1l~ I(e I mcdl~al hdp dunng crgco JIHI requnltd rr -lUI 1( u md nlcdlCal gtltn~e dun~g (rrrgcn~y jlu~IltJm T)l( Ipk f den~iIhed hII~I~trJs Jf~ 1u~uIO htnlllJI Khana and hool f~ htlter raquo1 I the rnflnlticnb dalln nnmiddot~aibhlli( r OOt-Hie ~ur]Xlrt fwm n) go~rnt1llt__ ~1 g-n~ II uc hallttltI

~ ~ io-bmiddot ork Imllatt of (I 01 H~lanh

Tillt GI 01 nrnh ~ a (hTlt1 10 hrhl1lt~1 h Illlt_ ltlin ~~neral( udltkn nolt~k J~r ~lgt1l1Jh not ulflLpl cmull1ltioo 10 I ) nmmunnic )1(10 ~nd 0 Ihr rIJ~lcr Ilor illll 01 hc ~1I11 nwl(j ~ (HI griululfJI bnu hh uhlll~lcl dkded lgtnl11~ f Ihe 1Pic Lcllhbullbull -d utltUril~ 0111- 10 lgnLhurlloe amn h IlLJJ n1Il Ir rld lnerlb1l Smilu 11001 JatnF Ihe InfrtnKiLu h h n tum In rlu~nltc lh~ IIInm and Lr(cfmarkltlIlg In~ Ihe ~fl~ In Ghullln_ Ihlt- SlTnlitnl dallt~~t du Itl tlOt~i tCnl in 2(J)~ The dctnlIn 01 bnd Phll~ Y III 1IU~1I011 hle Ihl I Janua~ l 200~ hJd (augttd l pyhlgll~1 JUIll~ andlllln1 il 1)1( IIi~ mnlU~ Dunn) hl~h flood wnrJnlOn [(01 hen bc m~1 dllLIrb-r~ heJI~h ~J Pgthlogll~1 pmlgtlCllh

11 llhc jll gc -rei~lI rldr) foil en and chldren ~rc uud ~nJl m(shym 111- [ 11ilt1I1~ dlJl~r Jnu nl In Hualm 11lt had Iumgcd tt mI I(nl~I(I1lhnd lhJt dtulbed itldlhu 01 IIIlt lIJ~~ 11 1- hme ut Ur

37

Chapler 5

Hazard Preparedness and Risk Mitigation

SI (oll1l11ullit ~ Stillp

In Ih~ Ilm~ ur-qcd Il~g~ JlltpUI~II di)lnbuuon I rlJdcr~t~lgt un~en due ll

rh~ ~ill nmdillll1 of llle area Re~JlQflJclIl) indudin) both m~lc lOd f(m1k~ Ixlon~ h dlliereni ~lle llrou~ all lboe 1~ ear [lie CdIK1lion~1 kd In men ranlc up II gaduJuo lute 10 ulleo ~~poJn lhe le1 up In HIIlII S~hool yoo~ (IL- hae nK11~ nlO~d I UI d~ ~IIlaf 10 mao ara for edlK1un Jnl laml ~IUp lfC JII hKh ~cncr~1Iy lOmpmcc ltIf middot10 fnul member- lfn- ltIf Ihe commU1lUC III Ihe III~J ht]un) 1 I mCllme C~l(gory The main C Ilf InOlflt arc fanlling dlmnal raml ounlc cnnlmIIMt wlllk a Ie arc Il()(mmelll ellp-

There n hlflnJI ltJmlnlrJIc IUP 10 Ih( IIJJc Th Tehldaf or Goial _Wll JI GUhl rcJlltohle fur f111I1110 In 3ny daln rCfKln-c ) and ~

nlIt~II Jlt1I~ mmuoilmiddot~lruUnJ IUP ltJmmanl III Ihe Ige nmuoll~ ganlJllt I~ demiddotelopct Ul cah 1I~~ for propr tUIKIlOlng and dCIlonp Ill ltlmmunu~ maul It I -gtr1 I ~n~g menl ~lUp llIeh h~ated b) Pndot1 ~~ltrCIM) Iud memllt (mpnml1 nOTble and ml~lIn lujo of tile (lIlnTun I y rh~y MC

I~lhk for oltultng offilnnnll) maul 11~gc gtIltS Jlld lmhkml 1 lhc lim I an) mOlor I (N one 1IIIId tn Ihe proce~ of dn ma~lIl) TIen re dIlT~nl t(lmmunlt) commillc~ ~ng rdmg 10 dlffr~nl 1~1lllla In lhe llJre In 11011111 JOOul 11 1I~gc lmmin(C~ hl FAIIIOI Iklllh t hu-h~h

ltlmilllaquo (I( ~rc or~lO~

gnulrurJI IIImiddotule hle 02 of 11lt11 gronv f polJllIe and Ire pldm1llOn are rrII~ed Ul Pll~ olta(gtn In rhe ur-eyeJ ~g plamallon I frt1 I dl J Inlll If(( I J )mmon IrdIIO and a good Ufcmiddot f livelihood erlgt (middotcr 1 holo1 hal 0 ltJ nor Ihan 100 m~ml) fnlll lr~ Ite prllol walnut 11110[dl 1lIt-erry PU rch~ Jppk pp IJ elc Popldf In~ ITC mlInly u~d fm limber (lr JI Ilreool Iulherr) Jnd WJltillt Ire are usd for hl)h lllJhly tumlur I(lll of Ille JHlIe hh tJm1lng and [(gtuno ~re sonai 1m lTe prwllCcd maml) Ul offil Rlh meo JnJ II11On lfC 11middot01 ranrung atUIC 1lgte omen hdp m har-eIII~ plll~lmg Jnd d~mll of lrul hlc tpn~ ~nd pblllrnl) ~Ilk dunn~ thi C hldoJr 1- Jllie and feood I wcd fur in ming (old C~n dno~ Julumo In IOIf II 100 cold tllr ee(Ulin~ an~ rmn~ and IOU ~illegt rrJnJlltn~li(1o and T1I~ dll1l lile dOlh 1 mg a~ polbk dllrio~ I h Clwn Slim lIf lhe wNl lt~c hngtlt nlru~IOI1 Irbprtallnn nI l1J)C Ltlmlr) Ir~ more or k unienakcn lhrllughOl1l (h )ar

I n( quelImiddot n~lfe lIrc~ I dumiddotted III 1l houh Id 01 Ih~ thrc lloge ul ~II IIbf hw tgtmiddotmiddotu Jrrt~led inmiddotIriJbl~ 11) nI h~lld lIt _ullc n vgt ul

J6

III land ~Ild j(rtKII of rrofa1j)1 md cummUfllOIi neIW0r Thu c r~n(l1 of eltn~ tlljot ha hoc-en jlmjnLh~d b~ -Jlaslwphlc nenl5 MI I Ie re(~gtIem Ihuu l~ndlk 11 h 111gt jlller 5Uf~e and glacla relrtll CdU~J II dJnJle -h~llge JU~ ~ld1jal Ile luhufli 11 1 100 jla 1 OOlhul~ ar~ he I Iural hrd f~ ~lt l Jrlhqtle rId nN mIl Some ( Ihe( h rd M tho ~h II er enn ad bndhde CI _r~ llllerhnicu Ihe tnlelbtl r flah floolth my 1Imiddotrea lhe Pc I nCI crUlnn nd III wmc CJOlt ltme Ir~~enJ (lr landIIdshy((h1 I the rltmiddotpltnd~ In (ihui~u dnd IlunL rhh l1LI mOlly ocur Uurnl Ih- 11m period I prill to end of um~r hLl fl1 lime tn Jalll1Jn 2NR A~r~e r~lluall 111 ~th r~~lon he in rl1n hauw and pr((lpll~llon n~lll) In (Illt fonn I Her HI bUI nen hllie ultgt In nedln 01 m memcmll~~dlido haz d I h~ 1 1 II ult-n hIIru ~ndlor bl1l~cJ tlue h) LKh ~enl~ tlurlllg rJn~ gtC

-chhn~ III 111 f the rcpondcnh lit( repoIe 0 och ~~n un elf-help ja nerr Ih tonH~1 Oll~ ~nd IrcpJlcJn HIltchalllm eun~ III the -illa~e In CL I ~n ullel IOIltkc Ihlt~ pruI~le JLIIcl~ on prlIhnj n~ltUlIm ~J f(

cnIC~ - Ihe lCUlI ulllklr qllagr or ~en (1 the ocljhbnunng 1Igc Fel)m 11- II txjlnen Innwlrdgc_lhhlc~1 md nlaJ JhlilC (I ~dlle (hc hazlld Tll gtm I th pcnpk leUligtr-ji movc (u other lown Jnd ~Ilgc uuall~ wlhe hIc thor rd~lIr bg~ ummumtle help III ri~1 rcdlKunn b) J1lt-Ing r(ooree Illh 11 IlI~ 1d )01gt JI lII~a linn nJ pmld I(CI) r~hltf Ihr pple_ bul rtour~~rrr mltlt1I) n~d(1u~(c ~I ommunH~ led 10 op h nlr~n 1Ij UJlllgt(l -11 ( Ihc rnponkm~ ul[rmcd Ih~( uue to Itl osr~uur~ II h ~ protgt-In rclltJl ln~ ecn Ihough 1 ollile iIlOler anI hI 1Jpoundr~le to ~f~ place Th~ (OnltnUmL TI(mhcrgt 1gtu(4 Imlrd -al1l~ I(e I mcdl~al hdp dunng crgco JIHI requnltd rr -lUI 1( u md nlcdlCal gtltn~e dun~g (rrrgcn~y jlu~IltJm T)l( Ipk f den~iIhed hII~I~trJs Jf~ 1u~uIO htnlllJI Khana and hool f~ htlter raquo1 I the rnflnlticnb dalln nnmiddot~aibhlli( r OOt-Hie ~ur]Xlrt fwm n) go~rnt1llt__ ~1 g-n~ II uc hallttltI

~ ~ io-bmiddot ork Imllatt of (I 01 H~lanh

Tillt GI 01 nrnh ~ a (hTlt1 10 hrhl1lt~1 h Illlt_ ltlin ~~neral( udltkn nolt~k J~r ~lgt1l1Jh not ulflLpl cmull1ltioo 10 I ) nmmunnic )1(10 ~nd 0 Ihr rIJ~lcr Ilor illll 01 hc ~1I11 nwl(j ~ (HI griululfJI bnu hh uhlll~lcl dkded lgtnl11~ f Ihe 1Pic Lcllhbullbull -d utltUril~ 0111- 10 lgnLhurlloe amn h IlLJJ n1Il Ir rld lnerlb1l Smilu 11001 JatnF Ihe InfrtnKiLu h h n tum In rlu~nltc lh~ IIInm and Lr(cfmarkltlIlg In~ Ihe ~fl~ In Ghullln_ Ihlt- SlTnlitnl dallt~~t du Itl tlOt~i tCnl in 2(J)~ The dctnlIn 01 bnd Phll~ Y III 1IU~1I011 hle Ihl I Janua~ l 200~ hJd (augttd l pyhlgll~1 JUIll~ andlllln1 il 1)1( IIi~ mnlU~ Dunn) hl~h flood wnrJnlOn [(01 hen bc m~1 dllLIrb-r~ heJI~h ~J Pgthlogll~1 pmlgtlCllh

11 llhc jll gc -rei~lI rldr) foil en and chldren ~rc uud ~nJl m(shym 111- [ 11ilt1I1~ dlJl~r Jnu nl In Hualm 11lt had Iumgcd tt mI I(nl~I(I1lhnd lhJt dtulbed itldlhu 01 IIIlt lIJ~~ 11 1- hme ut Ur

37

III land ~Ild j(rtKII of rrofa1j)1 md cummUfllOIi neIW0r Thu c r~n(l1 of eltn~ tlljot ha hoc-en jlmjnLh~d b~ -Jlaslwphlc nenl5 MI I Ie re(~gtIem Ihuu l~ndlk 11 h 111gt jlller 5Uf~e and glacla relrtll CdU~J II dJnJle -h~llge JU~ ~ld1jal Ile luhufli 11 1 100 jla 1 OOlhul~ ar~ he I Iural hrd f~ ~lt l Jrlhqtle rId nN mIl Some ( Ihe( h rd M tho ~h II er enn ad bndhde CI _r~ llllerhnicu Ihe tnlelbtl r flah floolth my 1Imiddotrea lhe Pc I nCI crUlnn nd III wmc CJOlt ltme Ir~~enJ (lr landIIdshy((h1 I the rltmiddotpltnd~ In (ihui~u dnd IlunL rhh l1LI mOlly ocur Uurnl Ih- 11m period I prill to end of um~r hLl fl1 lime tn Jalll1Jn 2NR A~r~e r~lluall 111 ~th r~~lon he in rl1n hauw and pr((lpll~llon n~lll) In (Illt fonn I Her HI bUI nen hllie ultgt In nedln 01 m memcmll~~dlido haz d I h~ 1 1 II ult-n hIIru ~ndlor bl1l~cJ tlue h) LKh ~enl~ tlurlllg rJn~ gtC

-chhn~ III 111 f the rcpondcnh lit( repoIe 0 och ~~n un elf-help ja nerr Ih tonH~1 Oll~ ~nd IrcpJlcJn HIltchalllm eun~ III the -illa~e In CL I ~n ullel IOIltkc Ihlt~ pruI~le JLIIcl~ on prlIhnj n~ltUlIm ~J f(

cnIC~ - Ihe lCUlI ulllklr qllagr or ~en (1 the ocljhbnunng 1Igc Fel)m 11- II txjlnen Innwlrdgc_lhhlc~1 md nlaJ JhlilC (I ~dlle (hc hazlld Tll gtm I th pcnpk leUligtr-ji movc (u other lown Jnd ~Ilgc uuall~ wlhe hIc thor rd~lIr bg~ ummumtle help III ri~1 rcdlKunn b) J1lt-Ing r(ooree Illh 11 IlI~ 1d )01gt JI lII~a linn nJ pmld I(CI) r~hltf Ihr pple_ bul rtour~~rrr mltlt1I) n~d(1u~(c ~I ommunH~ led 10 op h nlr~n 1Ij UJlllgt(l -11 ( Ihc rnponkm~ ul[rmcd Ih~( uue to Itl osr~uur~ II h ~ protgt-In rclltJl ln~ ecn Ihough 1 ollile iIlOler anI hI 1Jpoundr~le to ~f~ place Th~ (OnltnUmL TI(mhcrgt 1gtu(4 Imlrd -al1l~ I(e I mcdl~al hdp dunng crgco JIHI requnltd rr -lUI 1( u md nlcdlCal gtltn~e dun~g (rrrgcn~y jlu~IltJm T)l( Ipk f den~iIhed hII~I~trJs Jf~ 1u~uIO htnlllJI Khana and hool f~ htlter raquo1 I the rnflnlticnb dalln nnmiddot~aibhlli( r OOt-Hie ~ur]Xlrt fwm n) go~rnt1llt__ ~1 g-n~ II uc hallttltI

~ ~ io-bmiddot ork Imllatt of (I 01 H~lanh

Tillt GI 01 nrnh ~ a (hTlt1 10 hrhl1lt~1 h Illlt_ ltlin ~~neral( udltkn nolt~k J~r ~lgt1l1Jh not ulflLpl cmull1ltioo 10 I ) nmmunnic )1(10 ~nd 0 Ihr rIJ~lcr Ilor illll 01 hc ~1I11 nwl(j ~ (HI griululfJI bnu hh uhlll~lcl dkded lgtnl11~ f Ihe 1Pic Lcllhbullbull -d utltUril~ 0111- 10 lgnLhurlloe amn h IlLJJ n1Il Ir rld lnerlb1l Smilu 11001 JatnF Ihe InfrtnKiLu h h n tum In rlu~nltc lh~ IIInm and Lr(cfmarkltlIlg In~ Ihe ~fl~ In Ghullln_ Ihlt- SlTnlitnl dallt~~t du Itl tlOt~i tCnl in 2(J)~ The dctnlIn 01 bnd Phll~ Y III 1IU~1I011 hle Ihl I Janua~ l 200~ hJd (augttd l pyhlgll~1 JUIll~ andlllln1 il 1)1( IIi~ mnlU~ Dunn) hl~h flood wnrJnlOn [(01 hen bc m~1 dllLIrb-r~ heJI~h ~J Pgthlogll~1 pmlgtlCllh

11 llhc jll gc -rei~lI rldr) foil en and chldren ~rc uud ~nJl m(shym 111- [ 11ilt1I1~ dlJl~r Jnu nl In Hualm 11lt had Iumgcd tt mI I(nl~I(I1lhnd lhJt dtulbed itldlhu 01 IIIlt lIJ~~ 11 1- hme ut Ur

37

therr was nl utlltufIl1 IrngJIl channel In lhr l lIap~ Th~ dJnJltI(d brid~c middotau~1

bl~g or til 1-1-11 rUT -I Ill PtOple h~d II ~~I~ Ih~1r g)Oh nlI~l1) Iudl l1~Illied then ctn ~J Ir~al~1 rn)JI JIlIJ 111C1I11 fl(g~ l~ny llUf Wf ~JcdkJ t~UL r (h [(gt1 t-Io~ inl -I OllrtnJ fh w~ JI dc(mld lIIJlh

IkllIH~ hunlll~nl

T gh fI 1 In 11nbull1Il Pt-LI middot~ud ullnli jm~~~ w mlruunm n1 rMle 11 twlmiddotcr l()nu~ld) u human I~ IIer~ 101 non 11~ II~rt Iv( n I n IIhdl I ~ Icln~k In Ghul~ III It- IIrc 11 whllh IIldud-d I klllle I I It) ICIr-c 11ec ell( oliI urred near lgricuhurtl 11 ~II~I hl11 lI~g n lnnrrl 1111 wh I nlt~ ot hllll~1l 1_ k tn Inlll IIItnl) Ipic la an~dell) Ih~ nM~I Il rcsult ulthc GLOF 1 ~J2 hcctare- III bnd IIN~ ~ Itli JUI t1 IIhl11 1 6 hc[~r II~r ~mrlJIl1 I-tir hud 1 ~Ild nl (nlll lr~e ntng P_I~ Ih I Ihl III kIr~d_ StVC) hu~ ~nd four (nlc h-J Wn dlllllt)Ithd ~ IIIUI I~ alll~ 1gt0)[11 cpoundhl) (OUI lI~IT 1l1(ler 01 tcrra 11 I II er~ oJ I~d FurthcTlIT gtnO 7~ mCler IOIl~ pllhh~ hn~ tlld md t 1-1 pltk ~r JIlt~~I f--~ W~I~I middothtlln-I Or u~k III~nl~ el~hl 11- 1 Her I~aj~ l~n~ r( Jt dITIIJj-J TI d~l1ut~ I 101011 anJ )It( 1 in milh I r~~ p-~gt Sduly_lltgt lIak ifill (gtUflm hid altc-del r ~~ J cmiddothh~J _I lh~ cJl111l1U1I1U~

III Cihlll~m Ih~ h ltgt1 III~ [0 a fmer WI 11[1 1lt 1001)0 I-ak u hi middoth lkmiddotlieiy rCJIl~ U[1I1l 11I1IIltlrltlt1 I Iholland 01 rllpee In lIus~Jilil [h~ I mllf( II HI ill P ntlt( Ihere was I) ltl rpjlf~~ ll~c I~I poW[OC ~pnmiddoto allk J [)Pltor In tu 10 Ilia (~mr 111 up (OUmiddotO Ih_mh PJ rlJlc IIh-h nd~ rr~hCJ liP II) huJru ( llgtchmd rUIn Thr nov atlltC[u Hlltludl poHal h~rl~ ~ _Iuk dt~~ gra[C Jp-(gtl plulIl tk lb 1luiar Ir~~ I kmiddotlw~~1

SJ ulnlr~blr rra~

t1hn tl-gtd ~Il _1middot11 ~mmon pill n1 IIhh hJI ali(clei more Or k It ldhIMJ j each II~te hac ~[ middotlnemiddotem aN-)1I1 middotmiddotur-n~ pf mOre ulIne Il~~t

e Ju~ 1Imll~ dt~~ II fUlllre_ Slme )1 [h ulmrl(lk L~ Ihe urwI~J lIb) 11l lud~

The mlllunili I huILtn HUilH ~J r~u illa~ lIIIg dugtC III gl- 1 11 1~lh I gber IIld lIlr 01 nag houchold J I ~~fln I1r~1 d-u- J(II~ I~ng III he 1- rJn

To 111 d 1lt- bnd Im~lcJ Ihh ~Iaa rnelvprlTt~ h ~ r ~h 1111[ pl~lo

lh 1111 Imiddot - [ mne offjh~l~n It-~f ~nJ IXlg In rom t I ~

11( II ~ur ~ I~I Ihe 1lt(1 Jmiddotln Ieral illite Llu~ 111 (jl0r III l~nhI1L1~ emiddotnl Th I~I

)prUII ~I~r ~I JnJ IIrller uppl) 11 Ihl Jr~ rhe (urc~ I Ireh 11 pll~ h) Ih n~rh middotmoli

18

r n~~ j J nJlurll la]middot (f)rill In Ih 11141h I Ghltl~ln g]ln whl~h Ilh~r)~

Ihrou)11 qJ~~ 01 Ih~ fler Th~ la]~ ~nd lI~e Cuicmcm ~Iunf II ~~

lullkrlbk n ~ I Hl~ mlene f11Ji alln il~ III fUluno n~ (lk~nh ltIf fau ~nd Hunn lIa~e ah1lg Ih nellgtJn~ A~hnc I

hI~Iltl- HIISlUII1 a gtIf- IIgr of Gojal lit unfnUI1~ld~ ShulIhai 11(1kl ~rdN II lUI lillI( m ltlfl~ l l6O hlmh~1 flood olrTd [Xriodally ~~ IIICIlI ~ Ihlt 11 11o-J 1111 IIh 1lt dIlmu ~Hll( 1n IHgtII and lInllcd up-n H-ol

rh IdcH1m11nic-alln ami rlellfllll Iill e ] al fI) cillnnr- Ill)ud hJl ml

GUlF llard I~n~nt III hdp In dllt(C lrltparInr Ied0lenl I lt([1 ffllmiddot _ 1Lm ulJ lui () IIJ( mill lion mlt 1 r bull J1 I bl I ~mel I r Ihe IJhul~1I1 uJ I~u ~ be J 111ltshy

rh HUIIfl Irod PJ1 gIJL Ik an~ KKII Jllhc Jltlllrl~ mt~ p-IlhnII~ p

1110111 Ihe 1l1IrainJdllre gtelllenlCnb and pnkhld[e 11O IYIII n fOlllrnOi n lie ~II~y The kd 01 hJlrd dJwh~ J~rtng 10 Ihe lt~ew) ul d~lntgc In lfe~ i~l npcn~ne Thc~ Jr~ fuur hJlard mne dlwud ranpmg In gteert Inm lh~iI h1lJu I tOlal d(~I~IiOI1 1lt1 r~ 1 If Igtor hMard rGLOF has nl a TUntgt rllpM( I

ljLOh ~h 1 f 1110 r) dllkrn1I~Igttmiddot -I n-ltiif PlrLI1 lhLH~ middot11 t Inrp(IrrJrrnl ~nd ltI III rrInun llIgtd rr~ lt J rClit I Lam blIumiddot Th~ Ihra Ife IJn pitrea lh~Ihn mmm1 1gteJU IhL ta In~1 thnd [he dam e n bm d 1 I~ all hOll~h pWln y dall ge Call Ix IU lhllfllal J Ihe 1 II (If Ihc n lal tnl-llrrJIlIcm lill It 1Illallgt Pltllbic Ilt (imJI accurlld [Ix nl~n( au rU f 11IltJ1II n~hng h laJhde uabull uch eWl1ale nquirc )nlI~dgc of Ihe h~1dll

IJr Jam - rain oj _He 1ll1I IhL dam b~e rJlc of ecPJi- lu(lu)h I lmiddot~llh Ih dlm Jtld [(ltmoI11 1111 hpo~raph) uplrca horn the dilll

lJ (-al11 nah Jl-J reutug fltllt Ihe IJI IIIr( I If ltIIdhdr dJm bull ar lllIJlI) 0 let IJrJl~r th bull fh ~)Jl~l~ lirrell) hum m-ll 01 r~InIJ1 d m 1 )1I1tl(a1 Ihrmiddot bull 1lt1 I1f~ rWJltrl llllt I ellnW JIl lenll rdagc W n~ld dgt I l~ r~ Ir~I Ibgc~ ~~ uhural IMd n1IUJ I ~~LIrt - II th 10 I hun In I[c II fr~trrIII Thc Io~-I IInp an ~ liiral IIhen hUTltn [~ ~ )t

t 1Ill -hltn lhoe OJIuhllf1I bnd ~rlt ~nd 1010 lidTI lilled land and II I1e h ~ 1lt he hrrJ The middot01 ltI ]gt1 GlOr Ch In the IraIJ h)11 thai Oll~ ILy Ih I 111 ~C bullbull (01 hoo --IIn1 h qr I II~ arltc I middotum Impln ThJd-e Ih 111lt1 IIpnI~ II~all he) nl ~ J~fhrd ~n~1 uJ)lrn~ I-m~r hard JmLII IUJ~ 1lt1 middot 011 ~n e~hJILJI I plthk -laquoni I

w

Figr 5 1 ulnfnobl areoS in (IIj1I bullbull 1 I1u m p onondlM (b l H_lnl bull Il1o Ilol~nd i of C_ llln 11ocirr le i 11 10 tlIpphiat pi clonnds I d l llltnIIlo~bullbull1Id ttl III u~ oIC_1kin ~ i~ 1 1 ~ -UOU 10 A brill I rnwll oIend-J m Gb lkln 11 in lhlt- h of C bulkln i

II1~h h~1ld JIld Igtc mplcl) and mdiJleJ~ ahod UIlI in raC 01 J GLOF ~nI_ In (jhul~1U d P~u Ih lu~h ha~TlI areJS arc ncdl~lely adjaccllI hl It nul leI Jnd JUI duwnlrcam Ilhe l~ltldl mnnl) IlplO Ilunza nCf KKH I pnn~ altm Ihl 1011 wile Jlld lgtnd~e are connlcd er Ihe Huall ~Il( I-assu rover on the kn t ~nI lfeb Tcmplfu) gtltukmcn mall agri~ullUrJI Jnd snb land can t ffeled ([d~ dunn~ any futuoc GLOf enl

nO I ~I(t~ hUl~n1 M~J ~al ~ 1m gtllh tmmedJI~ rronoJr~ lmPod a 11- cnIf unlMd I a (j1UI ~1Il eh a 1~ler1 en ~nJ bnt-tides There 11 1~hlny ()I Oer prong 1raquo Ihe GLOF T)pally thes arc I deVJtlO1l ICrrJcmiddote lbe pmJnenl enkl r Ihe Hu~Jilli n Ih~ UI1h-caQ Ie- anJ Va ltclticnI on Ihe rth-~JI hr nllhi hllJrd lunr

nK Iw had IfCJ on1 01 both loer 1 ppltr I~rre ide neT dlle) a ell a lre OUI-j frill nidi ddgtn no I loUe 1Illll~dOtl uVJlltmiddot( 1~lTacclt like III

Ghul~n Ihl-I- rJU illag~ h11 Ir~ a c 110 mmam fnn wallgt mJ~ h

II lcd h~ cvllddry phnufTKlla iltrt bndlide plIaal~d I llJiXr lCJrICC

Th~ lrtJgt Jl~gri1 1 ~er II hllanlzull- hc Jl t ItrrJC dl W~ d tane frum Ihe pfcd~ICt pllh tj Ih~ GLOF lIere illtmiddot hdord (lId 1 of oXunenc of deb II J h~ (It I kkr UIlJ~ II elJd~1) ~UnJjlJ1h lilt gtltl1lelll-I or Ghull d u dlaft IYlIl~ ay from MJ III lung Ih~ Hun7~ RJcr c~n he nid~rd lt plft vI (hi nc

I herr Jre h~lItni~ III fUjr nflbC 10 GLOf lnd rlah nKXl hazard d mot of 11 xal Illmulllll~ b(~ JrI pfltplfedI~ mltmiddotha~m and -tlUp fnr Tl~ reductoon nd

h l Md nHIL_~lltn It ~ du blteOnic r~hJn~I nmiddottgni~cd thaI Ihe isolaled ntlure (If

m 1 lh~ r~ JllUIc_ Ilplcd middotilh Ih~ Or1h~rn Areas hII-dlltude Jnd fr~k erltlnllleni flO middotmiddot1 conIrJml md dl3lIenclt ln rnn3lmG n3lUr11 I1Mnt- hu GI Oh III Ihmiddot nlrclnL 1-hn~lion nlltaurc~ lUa) help 10 pn~nl a (I nl ~Clil ~Ur redu~ th emy of I unIM~t In nmltIIC area where omrnunil1C~ ~T ~nerln) JIlt~lf Iht) PI1 Ih~ rc~ourc 10 cope llh 11Ch huml IUUUl 0 CI hlp h~ II nkol n Ihe rm 1 tJ lltx~pk h dcded commumue I)hhk wlp ilt )(hll) dd~)~d nr flu I ailltlhk due (0 c~~re orulllun~1l1nn and

II1~h h~1ld JIld Igtc mplcl) and mdiJleJ~ ahod UIlI in raC 01 J GLOF ~nI_ In (jhul~1U d P~u Ih lu~h ha~TlI areJS arc ncdl~lely adjaccllI hl It nul leI Jnd JUI duwnlrcam Ilhe l~ltldl mnnl) IlplO Ilunza nCf KKH I pnn~ altm Ihl 1011 wile Jlld lgtnd~e are connlcd er Ihe Huall ~Il( I-assu rover on the kn t ~nI lfeb Tcmplfu) gtltukmcn mall agri~ullUrJI Jnd snb land can t ffeled ([d~ dunn~ any futuoc GLOf enl

nO I ~I(t~ hUl~n1 M~J ~al ~ 1m gtllh tmmedJI~ rronoJr~ lmPod a 11- cnIf unlMd I a (j1UI ~1Il eh a 1~ler1 en ~nJ bnt-tides There 11 1~hlny ()I Oer prong 1raquo Ihe GLOF T)pally thes arc I deVJtlO1l ICrrJcmiddote lbe pmJnenl enkl r Ihe Hu~Jilli n Ih~ UI1h-caQ Ie- anJ Va ltclticnI on Ihe rth-~JI hr nllhi hllJrd lunr

nK Iw had IfCJ on1 01 both loer 1 ppltr I~rre ide neT dlle) a ell a lre OUI-j frill nidi ddgtn no I loUe 1Illll~dOtl uVJlltmiddot( 1~lTacclt like III

Ghul~n Ihl-I- rJU illag~ h11 Ir~ a c 110 mmam fnn wallgt mJ~ h

II lcd h~ cvllddry phnufTKlla iltrt bndlide plIaal~d I llJiXr lCJrICC

Th~ lrtJgt Jl~gri1 1 ~er II hllanlzull- hc Jl t ItrrJC dl W~ d tane frum Ihe pfcd~ICt pllh tj Ih~ GLOF lIere illtmiddot hdord (lId 1 of oXunenc of deb II J h~ (It I kkr UIlJ~ II elJd~1) ~UnJjlJ1h lilt gtltl1lelll-I or Ghull d u dlaft IYlIl~ ay from MJ III lung Ih~ Hun7~ RJcr c~n he nid~rd lt plft vI (hi nc

I herr Jre h~lItni~ III fUjr nflbC 10 GLOf lnd rlah nKXl hazard d mot of 11 xal Illmulllll~ b(~ JrI pfltplfedI~ mltmiddotha~m and -tlUp fnr Tl~ reductoon nd

h l Md nHIL_~lltn It ~ du blteOnic r~hJn~I nmiddottgni~cd thaI Ihe isolaled ntlure (If

m 1 lh~ r~ JllUIc_ Ilplcd middotilh Ih~ Or1h~rn Areas hII-dlltude Jnd fr~k erltlnllleni flO middotmiddot1 conIrJml md dl3lIenclt ln rnn3lmG n3lUr11 I1Mnt- hu GI Oh III Ihmiddot nlrclnL 1-hn~lion nlltaurc~ lUa) help 10 pn~nl a (I nl ~Clil ~Ur redu~ th emy of I unIM~t In nmltIIC area where omrnunil1C~ ~T ~nerln) JIlt~lf Iht) PI1 Ih~ rc~ourc 10 cope llh 11Ch huml IUUUl 0 CI hlp h~ II nkol n Ihe rm 1 tJ lltx~pk h dcded commumue I)hhk wlp ilt )(hll) dd~)~d nr flu I ailltlhk due (0 c~~re orulllun~1l1nn and

(gt5bhl TIJc I~I loInI11egt ~I I~cl trnmng in e~r~~lky repon_ JnJ n((dha Iupmem ltjU m (r)(I1C

Ther eb nil rc~ular e~rI~ mmp )I(U In Ih lrye1 llage_ Dunng udt(n 11h n] ~enlIlk u_ulI) u_c IrJIII(~d lltlhI h~ Ilrd lighung ~n1 rlrin3 IU m Ih( 11e The ~IIJ~c ddr hI(( th Ilh htflging lin thc trcltIUcIK) 1 weh CClllS has n--(Igt(U Thl( hu fullo rel igion bdi~e that ueh d)ustcr arc ahe lei and -aming or (jod J~allllt 11I-d(cd nt Ihe peopic In the til ur lakc~ dnlupln~nt dlmng MJy ~f~)~ the locul cofmnullllY had Jldy inrrTTJed the loc1 cltlon11 and dminislrUOn lhcllJl the rru~hl( hailrd CommunilY Emrgcncy Rcr~_c TeMIl iId memhe I Ih( h 1 htlllI_lrlIun hd nrd Ih~ G LOr ill Jnd nInJ Ihlr gtI1on_ hllul Ihe unlluJI dnelpmrnl (If lae area and rapId chall~ In Itshyheha lhe rIu ml1IUlln hing lh ccnlUrics old lit tgt middotI~I(l ill rn~I1 OIl I at- ~lId lh I1U(I1 Iiin) hm hgh IllOIIn1alns 01 gtnh(m n ~ol1cc ~ dl Ilk ~h~n~H11 Igtcho UtlT d mle ~nd ttIe SUlTOUIJdlllf II Irnllllk1I1 Ill I~ nul pmrI~ ulhd l(l Pcplht (ummUnil in adalk~

Thl ImlMl 01 GLOt rlillt lhe neld 01 1 ~anc and nUIIliluon III Ill lInhc rn~ ltart) ullIn I GlOF hManh -an 1gtlt mdc effrcti [hrou~h Igtcnmiddot lJcnlllh-II 1 1len~1 lt11 OF _H_ Ih pre muOllonnj ~nd clkde middotummun JIton 10 lMn Ihc 1~gel (mmunlll( I oc~lh lh~ pecople lI ud h r ltenam )gn 1Il 1dllIUlU( ur I hum[ mlng Ihe ~l1ln~ bl~ oulld_ Inll~_ n~c nd 11lhllnpIe 1o1 I Ihe eI~ amngs tOI11 lh~ malll lllCl_ dCpMlIlknl ~ allollt hCJv~ prcpaUul1 dIT~nl rart of northern IllClInl J IIi r~~IOIl ]1 can h -ef1 for imcrlrcl(llllllot 11h lloods but arc mosl1 Ignond III JrCJ I Jc ~ lng cummunications

In poI-GlOF UallII Ihc IllInUnillC redally lhe olllen ~hllolen amJ eJderl~ u( Illlhkn f ph) al ~nd 11O(nl1 rrt~gt Jue to 1IlUnl~ dI-IIO mJ 10 I hchh~J Th ~nlhc 1I11]Xf1Jnt 15Sue Ihal n-~h lU 1gtlt ~ohcJ Ihe pfl rcha1gtlI~lIon and lral ( lhe livelihoods remam ~ g ll rh311cn~I fur lhe ~Uemnknl1tJ h~1 adnllnllralln

In n-k 10 lucr JoD the ~Icr kd JoJ drJn lhe lal( posing th~1 n(LLOI hann n Ghullun glalrr lpllon~ IcmiddothllllUC J ulilu(d b~ lhc 11a ummunll~ lhfur~ ~ 21 -n cx-aal1ltn 1 II Ial~rJI n)rJi~ ncar lhe b~c Ib dUrM 10 Mtup ~llhnmf

Chapler (i

Institutions lIld Policies for Disaster Mitigation

61 ()rgani~uion~ n 1 IoI

Ihe FlTltr~~I~ Rlod Cell FRe bull rIIlan I C1COroI011~t1 Igttrntllcnl ~I hdral lILKl (tn~J Ill Me lt1lt ~~) ~~cnn hl dl~I(1 n~nJetllenl 1~IIu1 I I cer In ltJ Ir J d~I~ alm1 111 feder~1 JmJ proUKta mtntlrIC~ d~r~rl1TlI al lt1 1~n OCJ[IIl~ nh the ilu~lnlI oltllaodcdly t Igtnel ~nrll I eIlhlllllc I uh ogUlII~lgton ~1cn hlo

Til pngtJc In ~J_h as well a~ In lind ull)fI I uppklll11l1h~ rcour~ 01 the 1 1nltJI g (TlIllIltUl lI lhe e ell 1 mJ dl~

1 II n~l( 1lt11 III~ 01 the Iederal government lr(ltnI~1 GO~trncnl ~ well gt rIIlll~l em ~oernlll(llIl l Inlernlll(tnt l lI1d ntl ilmi Imiddot~i1~ n~ 1Jenlt ie n Ihe ndu of OpCr11l0h for rehef of dlJter~

- To mainin omt ilh lnlClTlallUtial aid -pound1 Ill agen~ leltJ oltlmary l~all ~al Ivn nd do unlflt Inr JIJlCr ~hC IllCurc~

- T ~dII~ Kehel j lnd~ beUI ItIJIIII~lIItJ II Ihe hJcrl1 L ~I

- T ll~1k middotCII I~nlgt 01 ba~ ~ail) Jnd ~I~tgtiIh ~mr~1 tn nit I

~lr~ - To prm Id~ ~IJII (I Ihe calatllny gt1I1~en Inendly comlrl~

r~ I ilL uperillC rIltf COlilrol 111)lt1111 hl~h gt)ldl1l~le Ihe 111111 dunn~ cdmulle h) hn~ h rchlll agenclc~ $lcl1 a Ihe Iedeml J-Iood Camnlllnn klcorologKt[ IXptr1mem Jnd rrwmI~1 GUcntll-ni TIc TRC ttt~III1~LIl J

udwue II~ -Jptd_ 1-141101 h llllf Clll nmiddotI j J-k Id I I Iltdu_ blanlet d~hing tnd t~nh In iddiTion I~rr i Rdid (j1tj f)irolh ()rgamJI IR(jI)()T h~lcd III KJr~hl ]111 I t~iXnllole tor r(cclmg and dlrJIhln~ all rdlet ~oud trom forei~Iltnd 1(Xal ilgcIIie In the eem 01 a dliII~r fhe FI(C I lTtaI all JlIl)n SqutJron middotnh a llcel olt 11ehcoplcr 110gtlt UbI 1 10 11 r(-ue 1lIun Jnd nJbk otfl~ab 10 i~u the arfcoo area_

n 1et 1gtCIJnme I )-Ih J enlllllt ~lId J nlle tkpanngtltnL Jnd tunI under h~ 1 tnltf) of I)d~n~ II I ftpnlhlc fltl pnl Idng mel~lngicf cnlct IIuOughou I~l~n pJn Ir kl(lIrI) I~ epu1menl i ai ~Il~d uh ~ 1T1lt~lIlll~~ HJI~~ InI1~ ~11ll gttnph)I-- lt~hnMI) G mtiln~IItn_ ulIltIphn EkI-J1 tnd Iud)egt O dlC louopIlel tnd ((11111 R~) TIle mal

Chapler (i

Institutions lIld Policies for Disaster Mitigation

61 ()rgani~uion~ n 1 IoI

Ihe FlTltr~~I~ Rlod Cell FRe bull rIIlan I C1COroI011~t1 Igttrntllcnl ~I hdral lILKl (tn~J Ill Me lt1lt ~~) ~~cnn hl dl~I(1 n~nJetllenl 1~IIu1 I I cer In ltJ Ir J d~I~ alm1 111 feder~1 JmJ proUKta mtntlrIC~ d~r~rl1TlI al lt1 1~n OCJ[IIl~ nh the ilu~lnlI oltllaodcdly t Igtnel ~nrll I eIlhlllllc I uh ogUlII~lgton ~1cn hlo

Til pngtJc In ~J_h as well a~ In lind ull)fI I uppklll11l1h~ rcour~ 01 the 1 1nltJI g (TlIllIltUl lI lhe e ell 1 mJ dl~

1 II n~l( 1lt11 III~ 01 the Iederal government lr(ltnI~1 GO~trncnl ~ well gt rIIlll~l em ~oernlll(llIl l Inlernlll(tnt l lI1d ntl ilmi Imiddot~i1~ n~ 1Jenlt ie n Ihe ndu of OpCr11l0h for rehef of dlJter~

- To mainin omt ilh lnlClTlallUtial aid -pound1 Ill agen~ leltJ oltlmary l~all ~al Ivn nd do unlflt Inr JIJlCr ~hC IllCurc~

- T ~dII~ Kehel j lnd~ beUI ItIJIIII~lIItJ II Ihe hJcrl1 L ~I

- T ll~1k middotCII I~nlgt 01 ba~ ~ail) Jnd ~I~tgtiIh ~mr~1 tn nit I

~lr~ - To prm Id~ ~IJII (I Ihe calatllny gt1I1~en Inendly comlrl~

r~ I ilL uperillC rIltf COlilrol 111)lt1111 hl~h gt)ldl1l~le Ihe 111111 dunn~ cdmulle h) hn~ h rchlll agenclc~ $lcl1 a Ihe Iedeml J-Iood Camnlllnn klcorologKt[ IXptr1mem Jnd rrwmI~1 GUcntll-ni TIc TRC ttt~III1~LIl J

udwue II~ -Jptd_ 1-141101 h llllf Clll nmiddotI j J-k Id I I Iltdu_ blanlet d~hing tnd t~nh In iddiTion I~rr i Rdid (j1tj f)irolh ()rgamJI IR(jI)()T h~lcd III KJr~hl ]111 I t~iXnllole tor r(cclmg and dlrJIhln~ all rdlet ~oud trom forei~Iltnd 1(Xal ilgcIIie In the eem 01 a dliII~r fhe FI(C I lTtaI all JlIl)n SqutJron middotnh a llcel olt 11ehcoplcr 110gtlt UbI 1 10 11 r(-ue 1lIun Jnd nJbk otfl~ab 10 i~u the arfcoo area_

n 1et 1gtCIJnme I )-Ih J enlllllt ~lId J nlle tkpanngtltnL Jnd tunI under h~ 1 tnltf) of I)d~n~ II I ftpnlhlc fltl pnl Idng mel~lngicf cnlct IIuOughou I~l~n pJn Ir kl(lIrI) I~ epu1menl i ai ~Il~d uh ~ 1T1lt~lIlll~~ HJI~~ InI1~ ~11ll gttnph)I-- lt~hnMI) G mtiln~IItn_ ulIltIphn EkI-J1 tnd Iud)egt O dlC louopIlel tnd ((11111 R~) TIle mal

TunCIIlM or Ihe MCI lkpJlrnenl ae (0 pold tOlmaliOII on nICI~o010~Kal an lIfh) ~l mJn~r wnh Ihe ohJecumiddotc of dlJler ngauon dlgt~ 10 wcalhu and ~coph)kal phenmena Jgnculture deelopn~1 ba~d on dimauc polenUJ of the ounl) lIdldin Jnd l1gtoditic allon 01 wealOC forea1 Thc ikpanm ~ elabh IMltI

~ A nClwor~ 1 gtbscrlnJ IJlion~ 10 generale meteorologlCa ~phy~Kal ~nd phoololCal dJI~

A tckmmumJlton )middot~tcm for pedy dtmmanon 01 data klml~tcal It to anaIH_ dala tor isum forec atkl arrllu for

middotauun ajnu llun htppmg )lurt lmgJlion ellt

(hmalllljltal lItltl dala proctilJ untlS 1)( rultntZIRjI 0mpJrtng Jnd puhl tShtnjl ltlaid for apprdlal of long lemt ralh~r UCt1lth ond citnhquaLe

The ampplnn~nl ha tmroduccd a modem nood f-rcallng )ICIlL c~nhqua~e and nUI~r cphton delelOn ~gtlcm ada- Jlel1ile opuler te hnolgt 1l1lhl satet hult~Il crlmiddot on ltCII1I~ dnln of dJms l-Iuldinl ami ~her uceloplInt an tl~I~r lTd dlellt

The hd~aJ Ihwl Cummbi)n 1 Htated 1917 Till lite ~nd ltIf 1976 Ihe tgtrmmcal Irigall DcpJrtmcn IPID- W~n epI)nble 1M Ihe plJnntnl Uld Culton of n-1Od prohdLDl1 b Bul an~r he 11IJC nods I 11173 amp 1976 and huge loe~ 10 human Il IdOld and rltgt~n the Icd~raJ fcmnonl denied il neccJr to hLe a federll a~nn III plJu fur tll~~t pn~c(li0n ~nd pnenl~ 11la arlt~s Ihe oum~ The main rcInslbLlne~ 01 the Ire an

PrqJrII iOl1 r loud prlaquoullTl pbn fot lhe (ountry -ppmal f Oood ~ntrol prol~lIon $lthemes prepard by prllKial

gocmnXnh ind ncemctl federal a~ClIC-S Rc~mmcJal1ltgtn re~olIhng pnmiddotplc (IT rcgulauon of rcrmiddoto for 111 conlrol Rec I datllage 10 l1od pmlecu worb iond 1lt rplan for ~Ioraln

Int CIlIUUIIlm rLlt le u~ h H11phl ~mC1 til 110J lor~middotln~ Jud ampHI)1 ) I l-cIaratiOIl of r~Jlh progallme lor rlood ~nlrul ~nd 1f(gtIuinn gttJndJnhutlln 01 deli1h and Ic ifmiddot unn~ I(IT 110llJ prOlc-tloo rlo ~ f aIUJlioll and momlorin~ or projIre~~ or I1lpkmCm~IIn of Ihc N~iou31 Flood

rOI~lIn Plan Ionlt( the pruntltlaJ gm emmen) mplemcnlalloo uf Ihe n~IIl)OaJ nood

p(~1on rlan

1 ilia Imd I rr Dr lrlf)pmnll ulwrill ( 1 PfJ

PI) i a flaquokral J~C rtpoil-lle 10 1I~Inn of riCr flu h)lIomiddot melml~-41 dJI 111 tJ lnd 1 Inj t c~ldlnlcn aDd fnr anoIy~n nlll mpJ~Ilt I ~ ctinm~ danjC In thmiddot nmiddotCt no IOro~c-rcmiddotOf I~d and grounol JTcr

4S

Icdl III I~ unITY POA maumuns Ihe larjcl um~r uf h~dn)- nICI~r)lo~Kal dnd trcJflmiddotgaugmg ~IJt III tilt middotuntl ne proccltsed mformallOll IS ngtaltk ~allak to Ihe uocemcj Itderalmll pn~I)1 a~on~e throu~h lax and OIl tilt websile in the ~lmf) lmiddotul~ an) OQO(L Ihev 11 fII1k h mfumltun to the Indugt Ilt~

)Iem uIIIIIl~ dRSI 10 the t-eder~1 (mmulcron Tllulturr arkl III addition In

Ih~ 111) md the tl)fj rehef agen

oIIIt1U1 k rhrf i)r(l(lrfmOIlS

Prolde adcqIIlC TClUrtC ulllOIt to area Admimsmuion throujh middot(l-dlll~lIn no Pro melal Goemmenl tkpirtmenl-JAgCltle~

rn I III flC~C~ar) fund In 1m ~rc~ admlfllrttton for rehef orl 0 ee Ih~ orllng oi area Jdmmtr~lugtn for rehd rk Oto1Jn hdd Iltll(In Ollo~cs and appri~ rhe Prlt)llllcial Cmem-ml Fekrtl

( eme1 e ~nd e Jlu~l~ It and suggest to rhe Fcderal f ProlIlciJ I Gocmmen

1 pldn~ rdld IU Ilk Jttclcd pcrwm

PImnmg md deciupmnl dp~rU1lCnt 1~)nlrnUK tlOn amp orl agri(ulturc rri~atlOn lnd heJlthJ Jfd rmy pctonnci also iOHhcd tn--preplfcdc~gt repongtlt and rccmer middotnrl

Di~l~lcr T1ma~ell1enl ha ~~n tjl~ J Tnent phenn IklIlg li-eud JI Stale In Lr PalNJI Lxcpt for cnrunl11~nt the eItn~ Au I Ordinancel dea l vmiddotllh emerg~n) rehd vllh J loU~ on ll00ds A bncf dcscriplJon of relevanl actl and ordinana II given ht1

rhe oriOO Caalllilie~ (Prrrelllimr d RIirfl ACI IfJSS

The Ad fIltlidc fOT Ihe ma1OtcnJC Jfld Ilu--~lion uf unler 10 alY- ~rre~te h ~en~ ~Inlie ~nd rT til flecnllu and ntl f mgtltl Ir a am1 lueh cabmllle rnlml1 R~hd (lIIHII ho dO happen to be S~IlIor kmbc Bn1 r Rcnue) h Ikn fle tilt middotplt)lbllu) of reJief 1m fnnng Ier nnder cuun ~ uf t~ AltI

buatc or )CgregJle popu llioo RcqllllIlon bulldozers Iraclor motor middotchlcles carts carriafn hu~ nd Incr

Clnl tll lrtJhport by air 131gtlt1 or aleTmd beal of bunlen RelUIY Ill 1(Ucn I Ikdan ~urplu Itnh uf fw foddn nre ood cloth~

anJ bcJdln) d II) rtIjUhllllon alln- an~ f 1m 3mck RClUIllIn bulU rnaleOJh RCgtlUioon n) buolJlIIg VI Ind I ~nhh bulln) 1I1long or olher IlnlCllIfC (unript bhototlr

[)it~(1 dn~ prltm 10 lthun Inml ~ cenarn I Of It) rule ccnun -der IltI[h gard 10 lttnl lil Itrren~ n h 1JO~n or unde- hl~ nllnajemctIi

I icque ~n 1~lId II Iklllli In hk 01 p~I ~n u)I~mmem Ju~ pJlhlc b~ n~ PltWII vI In r~gt~d

I rn~ prreny alk[ed b~ Ih~ ~alalllll~

nK ulrllli TlnruK~ colaNIh em(fg~nl CTe 10 1k1 Hh emerjcnlI In In

11 manner ~d ltnunln IhrcJI 10 jlIhhc rrom nMMlcm arrITC (~mm and ojIC ~nd dclltk IPOIllIIIIICiI ~ah Icd ll1c almn11 CJtJlId ha 110 becn e~IgtIIltId 10 re~ubrl~ 11)101 Ihe ~-IInale or ihb en K~ and nlure ~onnUlI In In rro I rule- Tnlklllpound III Ihe mandgcmenr ul emc~n~les I dallerlt ltIunng 1gt1( 11111( kcordln~ t) lh lrdlllan [h rrIOoldl gocmmem hall h1 lh~ adllllllhlrI1~ ru~ I ~cw Ihe Dhmn ElTlltfj(IlC Orrcr ha l~en madeshyrlxbl~ for lhe rUIl~uonJI mljCrtnl of Ih~ elI~~ 11K hderal jotmmco[ II maInly Igt reltpolhlc I ~nUrllll umfNll1 I~ndard tor Ih -erne th roUhltllll Ihc 010 pTll1d- ~h alllt~ umml1~ (u Ofikc Ihrltlugh -alional Acadc1ll) dlld 0 ~rec lilt rltrllt)rr~ne ( pmltK The Ord1ll~ dude ddinlllO of dl~IC- rt1~11 lern I n~lllr 1 JIIll md1l-m~ltk dJI~r emallen prrned fI~)Ilgte lnU uPllon 111 el Und~r tImiddot Fn1ltrgcn S~II~C Ordinan~ Ih~ l~da~L IroIIl~JI ul DiU11 Wmncn( h~1t ~Iur Fmcr~nv Snvlce Ih hJIl he 1l-ilMbk rushypr~p~rtltnegt ~nd rapid r~pon~ w em~r~cl(les aJ1d d i ~aslc or any ok

61 RdilfSupporl fur Disa~lcr ManI(tlIIent

TIll latc ltXk (he dmursmiddot ~IlPporl loX d15a~ICr nunajclncnt in alJst~ largcl) lImed I pmd T~hc -Ianlt~ lu dlil-leT-hl ~mmUlllnc~ 11lc SUlXr c)donc 01 1m pcrICm drughl ~nd dnaWlOnJ nod C~n rcforcCd lhe rae Ihat IOC [Iltnun i nltrlllh ulocraNr Lnd nposcd III Jriol hazmb lhat n~cds I ~ dc~l Ith Ingshylltflll di~IC[ prc[drtdllc 1~10l1 Ilh ~ Willlt of lUullo~1 dono lIld r Gos qU Jlt a number or lo-JI 8Jnizalloll h~e now Igteen und~na~lIl( Iilcr mal1~menl -li III aero 1~ ounll) Similarl) Ihe uOlmmcnt f Pa~wll 1(i)I1 ha aloltl bo~n enga)cd ill dlilereni IrujeCl pnJlIlHl1 10 di~Jcf ll1anagelllcnl wnh ~n CUlIhI (11 lnh lurlr m~am~gt The -Jlhr~c ~n- t donor I~cnc~_ hever JtJld I dnd ~ Iwum b) hnngl) the goemmem ~nd otJlltr slllcholdepgt I(t-clher lor nnlo~ 1

dJler lI)ll1al~melil IrJtcg~

toiled alimn Vt~IIenl Progfamml Cr j Irltll1OIl and Recor

I iDP h en emruled Lh the IC[lOIlSlblloly 01 dctlm nh dSlC hoIh ILlra Jnd hllln IIIIKd hI the l1nneltl luoo (~nltral Aembly rRCluIiOll

i~~LiYR II Th I J rel1Id~ nc area 1I1llt) llId middotmiddotDr hI ((110111) en 01 dll 1 IIdlgt rdc ha I ~I()- rcl~uonlup nh ddpmnl and hnlh lI( Ihem hac 1Il hand on had CIII PrcCIIIIgtt1 md Rcc~ hOI heen Iecled a 00 or Ih -~n pradh al~a I the UI~Jnlzalnal lI u T ntate 111gt1 proICiIcly In Ih arla Rureau uf (n It~ nlUIII Jrlll RCIr~ l ACPI() (rtiltcd 0 ember ](J I It mlln a~ lit (Ih lie dfelIe refl fUI lIura] daqcr rcdutI IUIKe aJld (umy ceo( rtlorm mall iJm rtduuon dllllma(llCnt IllU IlcrnhllllaUlI lin ~lttI()11 onllt Ir~~IHI(jl and 1Iee lIlIldln~ Jnd rcrgt nlru~h Ih prlIIC( llDP uld plr~ a pItal nlk If) lrallitlllll hclcen rchd 1lt1 d dllrm~lI an1 prltgtmole hnla~c I ~cn t p~c 1111 unl (00 development obJclttIe~ Jnd enhance gmcmnlent rfltnlhlhu Ind dln lmiddottt no natIonal eapal1lc tn mana~c I and 1K1middotnn1 tlla

1l1lorially dl~~stcr nlana~cl1lcm (n fgtaklstn rcohcd Jmund n rum n re~uc Iud hd All c~h dlI~1 Ih ~1IC1H1ICIll 1IKU ~111ilerJble ~lXndlturt tOWlfdU rchr ~ud rdMII11~tn tn ahilllln h Ihe I f dnciopmer tum) )10 dnkd 10 m~d ltnt l ~~1 Heed R~cd on IIl i tNDP ha~ been promollg 10 nI~Jm middothIlge n~e llWn fr lhe plIaliglll illfl lllll 1 rhe IU rIlll1~n~gmenl pproHh III dilcr mangemenl mJ econdly he creJlIon )1 un tnlllu l ilh ln the GOlltmnem 01 Iakl~lan to ct lblh UlJ I ~f l ItWhlgmnl Iyt~m 1t the kdcra l prolllKlal and dtqmt ~vcjlt T) UChlCIC 1111 lJ1DP ~ In rhlt llabolrauol h Ihc ~IIu~1 1)~ln 1aIl~tCI1lClit 1I1Imrltgt hid) kJd PlkiWl chon Ul hlllid II dler nIl mangcnlenl ~ ~ tgtJCil~

LlUP h bocn allll~ tllC IJtlltlI~1 nIr lanJg~ment Auhoruy In dnclpt ~ lralllln~ ~lId cum~ulul1l IlIr a (our- lln clft~lle dij)IN k manJ)nlltlll Th IrJln) IIcchllld I (i 11IlituIUI1JI arrJn~etn~nh and apltir tt cdu- h n In lh~ hl~h k llIc JI dtrI~h 1I1 PJlm In lr~l prone to t100dIlf arhljUJl )dH)( and GLOr Li-1DP )ltIId 11-)1 ~ numlgtor uf mlll~lti t~hnlqllC -truluralmd nshy~truturallllCludlnp ~Ol1~lru~lOl1 M clIlCr~cnq Igtell~r hrgtt lId I t~nh ~d ltue Iralnlflf Com11lUI1l~ R~IJ RClllm Ttam and plantJtion 01 1Il man~rmc rgtr~~I

tDP a rnt~mcd cnmulled tt Ilelpj rhablItue Ilk II lhe trea~ Jffrd~d by the (kHgthir 1 ~5 e~hquakr L t O ~ LahqUJ~e Rnm c) lr1tr~mnl( I LN a ~~II d ~ noleel In ~ombtIUl~ the On1)lIl I~U r landlnk In [P In rJlr~n

umlnhl red JiIhnllr IP Ji) through l1nrlmenlln~ InnOJU~ anu ltImiddotdfC[1r Ichljuc 01 11gt11lt I~hllalllt n I~I cmmUntlle~

mollol Umliltr lu KcmfrU Authority

Tile (jn(rn11lCni ltI Pklan hOI Ihllhlltl poJtq and InlIlullnn nxchaulI dI l1~ulU~I rrIIlai Jnd 111 tlrlgt The 111101 Dler lJnajCIllltl1 Onlln01n~e 0[0 a Cd on 1st O l)ccctllhcr 201t tndrr thc Onlo01e J auomJ DgtI 111 meol (ol1l mi 01( n1 ~ bull 11 n tor

ulhril~ 11)1 ) Igtale Ixn tJlgtlIgtltI The 1JU1I1l1 Cn hl~ llOftl~d I 1raquo Inc JI r)In~1 ~t tlle 10 erumltnh hI ~IJhllh dltCr nI3I1J~menl Juhorllle m rrlln~11 11111 1Ilnd Id ~llonal Dl~ln Rl MlIlagenlltnl Framegtrt

rDIMF) h a1gtlt hcc decIroJ h~ middotgtlD~ okl [) I~gK ~nJ 11 vI Ihe Goernmcm )f PakIlJ1 n Ih area ()f darcr ril nUnagClllCrl rnr the nc~t fI yc _ 1-fDP pnlrdm~ IIIlCe 10 tho GO~mmenl of Pa~gttlLn in hu1dlng capacllregt lllhe nJ~1 Jnd gionJ1 Ind Ihrvugh uPfIgtft m pohq m klfl hUlllan nounc dcdopn)(nl npktn~mm r pilOl nul~aLion progrUI1D1C_ DR planning rcsoune lgtlhl~lIol1 md rejXlnt CJlIcuy ricclnpm-nl

The [)unll DJt~r IJn~cenL mhori 1) Io1 I~ fooal point for cmiddot nlilldlln~ ua) fJ~rlm~ Ihe nnpknhnlJuon Lrlegl lld projrlmmc_ n dll ler ri redUion rplt Jnd elter) Sn1l1r1y D 1gtlt( 1anlgcrnen Aho( IIT tgtn~ Igth~J pflni~1 Jl1e md munI11 l~ch DMA ()uld PTmiddottk hllleoll gUldlc nJliunil and pnuKII Jeholdr~ ahuu onnulatl~gtn of plm_ _LraltlIe 111 p)lIram rur di cl nl nwagentltnl II)IA ould lgtlt1 or~ owar Clpltl) d~ ~Iopn 01 nullmal rnlt~l and local w~chlde In cnltabol~on lIh PD1A no DD1A

lJl1r$Urmiddot Osftr Rrlrtf d

]1 Fnlor~co~ Rcllef (ell (F]C) mllfllam l1tc P 1 ])ser ReliCI Fund ~tabhhed In

1000lt the ktJ~ra11~eL The Pnmc fn(cT tpPc ltltIIIId fUnlth for he ]gt1011 1Cmlll(nb lnduding FArA l)n~m Area and Aza Jammu Kahmir dunll~

hlull nlan~n uie

R~ 11l1~~In Fund 01 ISS ~ nllth ha ocn tgtahhsiltd 0 aSI h~ pour III ~a( I I IC j~n~rl~ ~b du~ 0 unfcen cunhance he)nd Ik conrol Th~ Iund du~ I n~ ~~ion 11 h~ pour Itd enable thm to alc altkaOlJge 1)1 Ientlall able lie hnol~lel_ produltlIon lthoi Jnd ncme )pponunl1K A I

Ik net mtlIImiddot J IXpo Prulec Fund of l S S 5 nulhon ha$ ah bcgtn eJtgthhed 101lt11 bull curol to he ng oj d1ol 1Ir I Kluhlah BJn~

The f~r h~e tk~n iJcmificd whch lIewgt 10 be Jdd)(d In futurc halanl nl maltem1I JIlJ i()~~In or he Jrea

Ih~ nh uf GLOr hanN_ lfe Jnli~IPJted In furure undcrlandmg ul Ihe now nJ Ie con(hlJon am Jnowlg~ 01 glwic brhIIOf e JdJnllglreIraHn~ 1 lac~lnpound or inat1~~llae lor urh~m 1 of Pak an_ Thee J gap in ~nowlcd~c ~cnllal fo donllte horololtLl f~ltalIng and halrd prcdKhon espoiall) in he ~Iud r~rlln- ll llllaLI)n r~Jlon Th~ c~rIc fielo of glac 1 lale oI~(II J CJluHIOO nOt mgtltIc~ ulncrabllt~ Jild h-ard l-eITlCI1 l Ied on (lUI f)

The gap ~XII~ In knowltu)1~ and ailrenc~ 3mon~ loc~1 Jlld d iltl rict maliagcnKnl duthoril ~bout Gl_0Ftla~h nood hazard II pnparednelt~ n11Ilgiluon alilplalion ~l1d earl ~mmg Im

nrc ~ gill 111 ordmallon ~mng dlftercm InlllUllImlt and J~hldcr al (Ilr-1 lOd hlghN k-I h(h rcIUi In IIlIltltlt(ive rcI- m risk mllll1~l l(ll (I lId JUl1Ilg In) dller Iluailon

Thc gap Cl1 111 dcclopnl or managemenl Iral~pound it to lt-fllt Ih an jla Wllon hh Ik hnlc nh Ioal kn ledgc lid (ondilinn Til comm1I1~ knloogc ~nd cxpltnerkCc an hdp In Jwloplng h tralCgj~~ Iu Inngthcn rbk

rrouu proce l11crc arc g~p in implenlltntauon of pohCICI dc-doped lor drl~Itr rik manl~cmcnL

TIlC ault mJ) Ix le h lt~l fman~1 III f)OlIlI~al had hUI 11 often mara the haam Ulr~h1lly m In rIWlle area

Fulu Sinuegics

- Awannes and prcparednessect for nalurtI hvards Regular [J)(Jnlloring of the potenlial GLOF silesect Adopt haurd and risk miligalHMl strategic5 )0 Dcelop suitable carl) waminK mehamsm with inmlcmcnt of local communit) i Slfengthcn cOOflli nation among COIlCtmed mstilulions

~o

Cha phr 7

Conclusion and Rccomm t ndations

1 1 ConlluSIOll

The ~1hJl dnnHe thallpounde ha innuI1lt~d Ih( no and ~1i~led ennrolUOCnI 01 (nh~rn PI~IMnh a -ult I hh Irelutllc) 01 ~laClal hllr h~lt ocrcascd on HmaIJ~Jn Iepun t Pall~n (Imllt ~hanle I~ cau~ing a ntl ~hrin~31-e 300 ucat f IL~(I- ~nd mr~ n le nd numbltr 11 fLutal b~e Ihu~ (1ltHUf CtIOF huard do nu~m (11- lhr Ii elal 1 ~dltmiddot Ii ~r ~n ([Ix II J - I

n H~ton regIon 01 lgtakJlttan that hul ruit tn deHt31HlP ornlJt on the gt0010shy

eumom uln(l1lun 01 jXop1e I mlllrllt1It md nolurJL resource r the region lle same ri k ill C III auJ furth [he) ~e nllkipJ[ed in future The ch~lIenge lies n better hrlzd ~IHnl ri~ rrdu[ion nHtlgJtlltln ~nd Ipiedle~ 101 GLOF hMard and ~Jnpuun I WIIt1e eIL~ IHIllf ~ICIll tllor Impac[ of the gla~I1 noods was OIl

~mull ure IJIlt hkh ult llltalc h ~n(t ecnolllY 01 llie poph The ~Olllmunilie~ of tho urewJ IIII~ (ihul~lI HIni JmJ Igt~u m tn~hlgt llner~tgtk a Ih~ I~ no onn1 cnflnj ~d prcldn( mehanl1 ~l III lht~e llIa~c Th~ 1)Cal 1) lcI-c tl uch een pwuartl) nn elf-help ba Ttl hae ~ Clf UIJIfli- 1~IJlte nhlll Ihelr ~ICIl1 lur dla uppon In cagtc til an~ diagtler JlKk 1lIic Jpate- JcttcLy In IWldm)l n~CIllttOIl lIId rdTd -crlces to the lim UITl~ lh~ ~ltmiddotepcric rKc ~twlcltl~e phyical and 1Il~lllu l ~hilitte to r(duc~

Ih~ hJ nk~ [)ue [0 poor Itlclthd (Ond llions IJ~ of r~()urc alltl limper mlIIa~emclH nltlll Ih~ ~Icnl the) hllC a prohlem n ~1I11 cl(cIIl c~ponoc

m-ur~ hlr [~ r(ju~lIn m mglIOIi 11 alp ltltanl~laIC I heal help dun~ ccr~nq IU~In [hough IOltJI nnnoe are Ihcr~ 1M unden~lIg dlilerem Lhb bill ~~P (U( In lhelr cOOldmJI and ~~p1(Ilgt bUlldul~ Th uhlde help lruro ny gtCIlIiIIltnt J~cn) i hard) aallallk or ntll all~blc n lUllltmiddot In euminin~ I~ rok 01 ~IUU dcp~nroent and or~JI1I~In 1Ioled in d( plannlll~ ~nt

IrepMednc II th cltluntry there e~tm dcll-I~n~ In dctuallldnlllll for preparednc capigt JIl] II ltkdopnKnt bd(lf a (IiJler The situallon lti~IttLnd aLlmiddotoul crrnrh for I cr~[ion unltl~ dft-rem cicnn l OIIlj 1lleholdc hLnjlIlg prionle for ris) fduLIn Ind tnro)lhcnlT I()-JI Ipabdu fu r1I~r prcparedl and hazard

mll~J[[

11 KlC1lnUl c lltllIiu~

SInlte I(e Jnd IJlldhk lommrd outburt Ihln e Imosl a mUILn~ annual le3lUH In

th Ihllld)JII rC~1ltIII lhe mitlpoundauon r~tqle ~hould be had on adopting ble Iru~llIrJI and llnlrtl~lur1 n~~ure DcIJil~d inmiddoteIIpoundllOn hOlld be unden~ken 0 1

hOI PII I~~ IhoI ~ conidered 11101 hH (llIS It ma mc l ud~ Amrnr of Ihe lah CIltncrll III leflll 01 I fulure deelopment under CltI~ change Secnan gropl) J) ur hcn n~Jry gtltnknl r downstream nd haliUlJ 1shyapplin h~dr~ult m(lcllmg and nJJu~lIn~ ill 1Il0l dwit Ihe 1001 wmmuulics and mfrJlrudllle _I n~ H~tdynallUlt dam hr(Jch modelh an ~Ip III undeptandlll

11d hCI~hl nd ron~ Jlld Jlnl~IIlial dl h~rc~ from ~ hkely 01 OF nelll A ~m4u~nce n1 1II1t1gII1l IIWlrn Ilould pl~flCd and Impklllcmed

Llrly wMOing )1(0 al helprul 10 1~jU(IO~ ~ IhrNI of GIOI hurd plaquod 10 00n11nJI1I (Omlllumue omrl and erIe ~rI) IMnmg )ICIil m~mly IImllfltc Inl(r reltd dcmnh mk ~l1owkd~c 1I10n l llnn~ and warning -(qe jenallon an (0rununKauon 111 rcpon-e phluy A weJ~nc or fulll In Jny )lIe pf( nulj r11 In (lure of Ih~ whok m Th- lollowing Iommenduh I)uld hr IdphJ I in 11c r rI~ ~crrnl lid mil I~un III tlx lar~ a

Crc J arcnc I 111 hJ~ard prpaItdc~ a1 rilt~ red ion JnMIIlS larg~

0UIIIII ltnd ~) tJhh)ldc fh rok of ITI(dJ and ~dultatilJn milUlion old t tJncfii1 In III middotlmmumeJi(m ml middotapKII build ng ru hIgt rurr

Th dim_I~ duni n~d 10 r lUdd 1II0r JlclIlali(al l y In rltler n o~ h h d)rcc co u IfIIl~t m ~lau_1 ~n~mIlIllClll epn~lI) 01 0 LOF Iiblc are

H~Jrd 1Ili~an ~ntl pnpared~ lr~lrge n~d 11) be dnelOfd al Iltlc~ I~~I

111 Ihe InrlIlcnl r d~IrKl nl m~gClllcm am] I~I commulllu gtlt1 Ihal Ihe~ dI 1gt Jdlped ~j 1I1Irl~m~nl~d effedd~

-n unirlUldng ltII 1 poundt_~r- ochtIltgtr I ~-nual tor rigm UIIIo11I r ~ lumber I h)drod)n ploblcm~ I lell for rlc~urJe anll~ 01 ~Icial

hIIrh 1illtre J 11(((11 lr1I1I ltJIIln a Ihey are wlrllltg In llie field ~ltI 0 are a h~h

bullbull 1 nJ hMI] n~ 11 he 11jed h~ 11 ~ngnl11 l~lI~ _ I pII~ bUildIng

Ihe )plum oul I1 of lhe ~aolJhlc reOUn~ hould be due ed Ihu~h beller nUUI(C u-l planmnf_ genICnl Jlld dnlIlOI1 IIHong dtlkrclll Inmuton I) ~dlUlde

Iru~ral mltn lile iplI1~ ledmij~ (an be utilized 1lt1 drJII1 nul he I~~ W~Ir 01 h~ pr~~lJuiI I ~~ tl~clopcd on II Ghulln glteler For ~lId-mor-Jinc dJll1IlIcd IAe Jdpod II fJU ~1uic danndhng ~an be idorIed In 1gt(Ib lhe IJ~

n ~mlUral lII~aUfe_ hMald a-enlelll md IOOIlI(Orlllg of GI OF fla arc requlnJ hrIO~h ulIlIlIIg 1lthm4uc- IIle reml~ -) and hydmd) III rrnllklh t oupkd Ilh the gr()Uml ur C)

Detalkd ~g~IJgtn ~nd rqulM mnnnring ~hould be nndenaleu tI Iio ltpot IJ~c

U~PI bk f GU JI h( d r Ixn- ri bullbull 111 I~n ~ I 01 ~ I~ n Ill Iltn C~lelllC gtf~rJlIOlh I rmiddotrdl~ 01 dme r~r~ICI~rlt h~e lemper-JIIr

no unhflC el nc~J 10 be xlIeded III Ih~ higher ek~IIm In oblJlJ J delr ldU- I dmlI~ ~hang~ phcnOllllt1gtOfl III h )l1hern lrea Th~ numhr of cltt~ ~uIMled all v APDA htlulJ be ~-kqlely ~~ended fur ti 1rJcshy

Fll(lj rUlln~ h I1 be knlled anj h~7arj prone mmunuic houJd he rornkdiwu 1 ~bogtll Ihe polcnn~1 GLOF hMaId

]gtrlltr conUlunl~aln rgt(illue hould prOjd~d 10 tn l~rJ~ cornrnullnc 11)(1 amJl~ huld b maJe I)(al 1JULgC dl In Ii b~ lhe local

~(rnm al iong Ilt ~tn plac Hl middotmiddotU~I~ and ul(gtJ Idanm 10 ildll

LJrI wllng ~ hUIJ be dedullN In hard prn~ m nh hlp rIel HIIWHlcn[ 01 1-JI ppk eIIJlk [he nOlable nd rell~u PCI who hJ~ Inllllce the lllmUrIll1e) rill ) implIIJn[ beau [he 1lltII~ ul1 pcorltC Lve usc cIrr md reImi In ud ~r[y gtoJmn~ WI[h filII rclian- and JrMbilil~ III hi gtoil) Indigenlu lchLIue ~hould Jho h dopled ltlr Impred balted n ulduII()n 01 11lt

~n)wk1 Jnd chnqu

IJdIU PltmmllJ

Th~ lIdhd 1 rHO1 ul the ~ommunllle ill Iunhcm Ire~ Jgn(uiuremiddotblt The Jgruultur 1lu dndJltd nmiddotltn~ to IIlt JJlbh iil l~ )1 ~IJnJI m~11 waler IlKshyULOF l1u~IIn mtI) aHe lk IIr upll chJnnel~ IfHillly calkd n bull Ih~1 arl lh~ mlIn mne 01 I m~on nd doml-~ lIplh~ for Ih 1Jl IlII1lUlllh~ Ihl minimUm land r~gturc~ nlJIllUIll r~ udlled rolf lpnulc 1lt1u In 1gt ccun~n~e~ Jnt IIh dllnae chan~~ IntUlmiddottlll~n~1 hurd Ihere ~eJ 10 tlndo ~~te Jr~~ wllh pllillum rotlJlt~ e plannlllJ Jlltl mmagnneol AfI~r Glrr~II1g luI kl~1 hUMd on of lMF glon the Idcnllfl~allon (- sud orea hould he ulLdcrtl~~n -lh Ill hdp 01 mole nl~ 3nd GeCfrphc Infonnatn SI~m

ledue coupl~d lh g-round fltgtrfll~lln n ~ nnllllunilies arc I ri1 1101 aho he lI)oh-d in uho Ihm lh~ hould IIntlersl m tl h h Ind iadJhk and ullhk lor h Ldl nlllly Where he hlfh rl al) Wh1 attll~ need I) be

IPCd 1lt be rc]o~lcd Iv reduc 1( n~ Sll~ (ol1lrnunll) m~ppg- e~erCI hould I COndUdd Uln~ (0I1ln1l n) lnowkdgc mtl untlcrlandml 01 th~

urroondmg LIII-C IIJnnmg ill lu ~l~ Ihe h1 uc nf limIted r(soumiddot~ Jnd 11gt ould II done 11 mall middotal wllh Ihe locJI lll1illlrJIIOn Jno[ cOIlIllIUnll) 1111 prepanng mlk g-uldclll Jnd ~Ih map 1O1gt ICmiddotC lhe IOfJlm1I1Uln 1middotad~lgtl there

nlC md~tnou n1JlI~aun md pr(paIcd~ 11l~~lIrc huld he tillt 1~r1 OT II( plJn 1 loJI IUlion (II am middotmmunll~ (Ido and )oj luOlccr grOllp hould In Ih pbnnlo~ ant hnult I(dp (0 do~ 01 luong rdalluhip Ftw~1

1J1lcn~IIIIn Can h~11 I ~lren~I L n Ihr rd~IIDIhll III Ihl ~ h~h mtgenou_ IUttOll I (jL(JF n(d~tmiddot()mmunm md) tgtc prod~oI

nllt Iruni)middot~t~In nJ cmiddot~pmiddotH) hUlldlll~ 01 lh illa~c 01 buth gentler grour I~

nc~bull II ha7r rrcprdn~ Jnd rol IJi n I 111 or mlUfIll~1 cch Al

[urrn1l kd Ih hIgtuld bo a Pl ul ~um~ulum in publi~ Jnd pm~l~ -hooh 1111 gt11

trm~J Ind Ihc~ hIgtuld oc Ihl~Mln ~rrmlcd tor thiS pllrpolte The p)nunUI( ~hould he Inltiu(ml~ ftllUr un 1(1nSi~duc~IHm and (apl~II~ buolmg bo1h noem~fgt r hJ ~uemmcm ~nd 1~I~C1 commuml1 (III11Unll) and locallnd Ik ~dU~lInn prnln-1 JnJ prngml1le dlsa~ler pltpar~hw CIllt~lly on ( 1( IF ~IIJ

Flh FhgtOd U1ni-Ji hould be IItcd and mplemented uncruhk di_lriCh Thew 1uIJ mclude ~I~hhnwnt of 01 Inc DR)I j netuQrb fmtnJio of COl1lll1lIll1 fmrJcttq Relgtnw T~JI11 i(J-RImiddot Iunt-r training )n ~orl-h Jnd nlUC IIr1 Jld ~nd UJlhllli and emmul1~ 1(1 fUlIhng mechanism tOl dlJln milljallOl1

(Jrdi tw ll p r f)iJlllltr lingallm

Ii )J lxcn Cfnc-Ked that durnt a IIJulIai aWlrph~ I~ I cJnltin 1x111 Jriou~ JgenltlnldcpMtl1ltnh well ~ al1Onpoundstloc~IlInlltrlnl hampe mnlln~

qUirk In~ It l1ces)ry I ~Illhllh dcvelop J gtifUng tntl ~trcc-lie COO-dLnJI Jnd Jnturtllall1 ndatL~~ n1lth11L Inhng tile Iv-II dtLLLnt~th GU 1 COCBO Iwtc(I and ~Irntlt ~lloulo t dcdoped for CINlrtJ1J proper ~MrdmatjOl Jmong rd~ alii Iakholdcf ) Ihl 1l1llc aS~)51ancc I r~nde~1 10 Ihc commumuc ~lId there oIIkltjUI~ lrtHntl~tion 01 relUne

Ther~ hUlll I llllJtional plan lll~rI uMlllng ~ygt(etll 1m (if OF hapoundanh baco 011 capltgt hu IIdlll~ a wam In~ dWIlLi 1I~lon str-negy TT1I1lUn II) middoth~ c-J appro-h~ pllhlo~ edll~JlI1 and lnock e~er~

Tlllt plnntl1~ tJtegks hIhl II Implemenled and uthl~ ~~rl~ amm~

fllClhlnlgtm ~~n he adopted N~W tn Ihe phal condlllons Inltl commUntl~ relme ~nd JP~tgt 101 I mtntnll Ihe halaru ri~ n k nmJrn

fuT~ J lLe~d to perf m a l)rnntunl1) middotbased ogtl r~ducIlInnlj~dl0I1 Inll~ nd prJe ~ omprehensle Ih~ IrJUlCork lor the u(nn bullhlc dndupmtt ot Ihe nov 1- dfC

Stml Il1l~r 1t~IP~ ~re reltju ircd lICtwecll lI l elemeI~ LLndcrpnned 11) dt~dC

gH-m~lln uo ttllL(LLIm~1 arrn)~tllc-tIIS in]udmg good tlmmuntc~l() 1cIlC to urder lU r~duc the I-Lt-k 10 r rLuUn on Judi Ihe ummuntl y ol~ltIll

Th~ df It Ja~ter mandfcmCl11 mJ nmigJtiOfl mu1 ~ nlegrted undtr ~

comnKtn plJ1hnli Jnd ltIriltcgi( dCldld rOlr Ih PUfJl(oe mU1 bo impkm(nc~d m IImc enutI I tutlunt~ panKIPUlgtOII 1I

r~h~l I) R ~(MII Th~ ~lrmu arid hydrnlr~~ or nnh~m Ia~n Ih 111 hI ~~mcm 01 f]ltMMI mb lU h) dropomiddotct h Repon by urow pOA

~ n

CUq~ J f 1lt Flood iWIll D~lI f ulurr Opn FII~ IIcpot l-S IS (I~I1d ill n

IXrh~hrc L ~nd o~- - INO ()uI~rnar) lllu~1 I~II In Ih ltrIflI11 Ionln In Radh A H amp (hul(h 1 lubl llu~1 Im- a Ield prloh II~_ Chhclel ~7S_

Orc IX7~ The JIIIllIllIl and 1111111 Terntone london [reprlnt- (lUI 1lt)7 I~rh 1))01 56~ pp

UIU~Cn 1 R lnd kltr 11 (1Yl7l M- h~bn~~ of moUnlJIll and uh-pular ~l -~ nc ~Ill w(nKn Ill 11-1990 -relic and Alpn R~mh 29P) pp 7Q_1Ql

lklwall Jnyneenng S~~c L1d IQ~~ F~ahllil) StuJy 01 Iulghal H ~dmr~r Pr~d_ R~ tu -gtI~n Omiddotwl)pmlll RJn~ mltl HIG ~pal

HJCLgt 2(~1~ PItI 1-1111 RqlOn ltgt Aenal RCOIllIIJK~ SunC of GhulJIl GI~ I~r I_h Oonhllft

h~I1 1 II 1 J llIkr and ol1~ Ihmiddothn 1l8~ Impul R~J~ kemiddotd~pth Sound 01 till GhllJn (IoeJ In K J Iller The IntemltJonal Jrlllfm ProiClt-~

Chnd)middotImiddotneft~ Pre pIlI

GMlm J_ II gthrOO~r J F amp 1_ J D (cd i 19l1~ Ihx~ (jl~c _ -1I~n nd lmiddotnn LJ

Gudi~ A 1))1 1~aJ-Tul L~dctJlt oj h~ KJ1Jlora- Th~ Gcogr~phK~I1gt I ~g~ ll n~ 51 l~- ()(middotI~

(judc S 0 Rrunkn D ClIm E Ikrh~hft R I Fr~ultln L Hbhngtltl DJC JOII~ F Ptm)U 1 ~ald R S ~Iers alld B WhUq 19W Th~

(~lln)1hI~ r Hunt JIIC) I~r~~rJm Iounlam_ fgt~lhl~n In Icth III~r

Iwhn~ ltII the ltCJIt~1 IJrJku-am ProJClt1 I gtdo I~JI G~graphKal S d 11 l~-JIO

Hnlt K 1Il~_ 1~HJn LJ )lUd~ Cu qrphh Fl~)oh Puhhl llOIl ~n_ HI LK IHS

I-I~ 111 II lllll Tho ituudillal Organual r K ln-un reUMIflgtIil Pnxt~C~ and DC[IltInal FIngtlllll(l lclllaquohnll (jeomnrph 761)middot12

11(1[ K 1)lt1 Iuudlnal OrlIlIIJlIOIl of Kar1(gtrJm Cu rph- m- and 1k[lltlIlgtn11 FnmIUlklh Chllcr 111) Shrooler J Jr ftMHI~lg~_ H mJIJ~a 10 Ill ~(J veI~) rnMrphh) and Ihe Qu ~mJI)o Igtnltklll_ L~9RI_1_

Hu~h( R I 1I~l ~IIl IlC fhc JI~h f (kmorphc-Iogy and Buildlllg TylX- n hlkr K J_ - he 1n1~rn linal Kral 111 Pro-cl-2 CambndJ(- LT m(-rsll~ Ire~~ ppshy~7~_ ~71

Ih n ~ I IXIO )111 ) Ih~ (jler Rh n h- HKH reglOn10(N) I(I OD

K1l1uJdu cpal

pe( ~(X)I 11(( Ih oltinelll Relmmiddot ChmJlc Chf~ l(X1L -rkmg Group J TnlJI Summary Genna_ MO mlll ~-FI

In1 Ollhc I _Lhfr amp Recnnh Jdc~ rdallng to Indian -tat~gt ntractcd from Ihe Iolitl(al and ~ nl J~lIn Inlli IIIJiJ Jll 1-19()~_ Sercs IOLlIamp Sf I1 7~middotISO

Ind La otticc Library amp Reonh PoI~1 md S~ SUOltci File 1902-1931 101 I amp iii (l

ISOR 2(middotd~ lIn~ wuh Kk A G lobII Ret or Dcr KeduCllon Inlll)le G~nna 11(1 -)~I1i SCICI~1 of Ih~ InlernIIoai Slr~ten for D~atcr Kedlldilln ilSOR)

lhl1 I ( I)KK GJlcrmiddotJIIHincJ IJlc ~IIJ ma 1IIU~nm--JII~d l e_ lpp I Ikl I~ilan npugt1 1~J1r Sn nd k~ H)dml~ ml- Will nltshylruen~

Juru pnh V~rJJ~ (jlha IINl 11abllat (ondJtlOn~ and scltkment pmcew III he HJluhmiddotarr~m IgtCtCml~J1Ih Goo)raphiococ int(-Iungen_ n~_ 19I~middot 11 Hi oW

1111 J-I ltI m Q 1Qltl1 (nulu~~ alMi Tcwmn of PalJsliIn Grapbh puhlh(r~ 11 1gtlt1 rhl Iaan 1-

-l ~ 1J6J The- Cho~ol Lungnll (jlacLcr to 3lakoram ail hnff Gtel -hcrkunde udn rila~lI~~I~e II ~)J

K~wCl~nki M J B~hn 1 D Da S ~ JOugtHn r f~OO7) (nsrau on melt shy ~Icr nu ~ til ~h he et (icentanltl ICClhllt1 mudeling of hydngt- fraClIre dnuoag of r l ~ra~t~middota I~~e f [rull M( 885~1 Fall M~el Suppi

L~I 1 ~()()~ Pbk pan f glnh1 cJlIl~I( chan~e on ( 8gtailabl u n hlOlla Report I Gnhal EnlnlTknl and f~rtgt In lh~ 11~1 Celllllry ew Ddhi Inhan I nljul~ of T hnuitgt

U G(jIE( lt[ 1911li Report 11 he Frl EJd iti()n IU li la ( anltl Glac Lake~ m Iii( Pumilu ( nml amI Poiquc ( Hhol~middotSun KI Icr lIa~I1 XIIJUg (Tibell (tn~ Smomiddot ~rd~ hleI~1I0n I Gb(]~ Ltlc OurbUflo FluOI1- rn the HmaiJ) ~ BeIJHlg (hoa middotelk~ lIe

1~ru I (j 10 Pmdi D~rnage ( Glaucrmiddot[)anlniCd Tutequah 1ake RC til Gt~ilh11 Rnlc 31

1 ruII IlJ~) Indu 1-100(1- Jnd Sh)u~ Glllt~rs Ttl ~ HimlIJan Juumall IO-

I ~n l 1930 The Gtigt ot the KarJklgtfalll rnltl 1cghborllollltl G~lIO~KJI Sur) IndJ Reo ~Il27H

l I) e~1 1- Jrld h~hk e 11 791 Hmala)J and T ans Hmllla)nn Ill 1111(IUa ii Oll lti A D I ~l~ relic anltl Alpn RCSla~h 11fI pp 6 7 -~K7

krmiddot~ J H 175 MUUI~1n GraCIe o[ Ih( [onhern 11tmlspilce L lt Cold Regon Rn and [n~g Lotgt In 0 I ~h (C I HalU r [ Y I Pl-JOIJ

I lle I J I X-l The lntcmluonal Klf1111 Imjcltl PrOlttdinp fConftrenc n hbmabad and Lnjon ~ nl~ Camhfldf~ (amlgtndgc Un l lmiddoterlI~ PR

1 P k Ratralwa R JU] JOSIII S I ~OOI l nWllhlr) of (Ia G IlltI 1 1 Li~t ltI (j l aalla~middot Orltbu HOI) MOnlhnOIl alld Larl ) lmong Slem m (oc Hilldu Kuh 1111 IJn Itegon cp11 1l 10n in (oupr tion Ih L-lPRfltC 1 IIHIlt)~ Ill HI I runligth~dh) [(I MOD KJlhmanltlu Nepal

lt ACS ~Olll UPIlt PrnrI J lJr(hem ea~ Stral e) for Sutalllahic Ocloplllenl II~ H id Ipe n lt1 I n l Ilr1l

ltCle IQU Thin Ycar In ahn London Jill PI

Oedemanlt J lIN) QUlIIIII)nt flob~1 nf from oc drCJI of ~lJ er S middot ~tM pp~l-H~

O ~ n L md lxb)hlrc F 1lt1 Il Kara knrull glMal d(p10n ~ltt~nl (WIMrph) I SuppI7tJn

K~wCl~nki M J B~hn 1 D Da S ~ JOugtHn r f~OO7) (nsrau on melt shy ~Icr nu ~ til ~h he et (icentanltl ICClhllt1 mudeling of hydngt- fraClIre dnuoag of r l ~ra~t~middota I~~e f [rull M( 885~1 Fall M~el Suppi

L~I 1 ~()()~ Pbk pan f glnh1 cJlIl~I( chan~e on ( 8gtailabl u n hlOlla Report I Gnhal EnlnlTknl and f~rtgt In lh~ 11~1 Celllllry ew Ddhi Inhan I nljul~ of T hnuitgt

U G(jIE( lt[ 1911li Report 11 he Frl EJd iti()n IU li la ( anltl Glac Lake~ m Iii( Pumilu ( nml amI Poiquc ( Hhol~middotSun KI Icr lIa~I1 XIIJUg (Tibell (tn~ Smomiddot ~rd~ hleI~1I0n I Gb(]~ Ltlc OurbUflo FluOI1- rn the HmaiJ) ~ BeIJHlg (hoa middotelk~ lIe

1~ru I (j 10 Pmdi D~rnage ( Glaucrmiddot[)anlniCd Tutequah 1ake RC til Gt~ilh11 Rnlc 31

1 ruII IlJ~) Indu 1-100(1- Jnd Sh)u~ Glllt~rs Ttl ~ HimlIJan Juumall IO-

I ~n l 1930 The Gtigt ot the KarJklgtfalll rnltl 1cghborllollltl G~lIO~KJI Sur) IndJ Reo ~Il27H

l I) e~1 1- Jrld h~hk e 11 791 Hmala)J and T ans Hmllla)nn Ill 1111(IUa ii Oll lti A D I ~l~ relic anltl Alpn RCSla~h 11fI pp 6 7 -~K7

krmiddot~ J H 175 MUUI~1n GraCIe o[ Ih( [onhern 11tmlspilce L lt Cold Regon Rn and [n~g Lotgt In 0 I ~h (C I HalU r [ Y I Pl-JOIJ

I lle I J I X-l The lntcmluonal Klf1111 Imjcltl PrOlttdinp fConftrenc n hbmabad and Lnjon ~ nl~ Camhfldf~ (amlgtndgc Un l lmiddoterlI~ PR

1 P k Ratralwa R JU] JOSIII S I ~OOI l nWllhlr) of (Ia G IlltI 1 1 Li~t ltI (j l aalla~middot Orltbu HOI) MOnlhnOIl alld Larl ) lmong Slem m (oc Hilldu Kuh 1111 IJn Itegon cp11 1l 10n in (oupr tion Ih L-lPRfltC 1 IIHIlt)~ Ill HI I runligth~dh) [(I MOD KJlhmanltlu Nepal

lt ACS ~Olll UPIlt PrnrI J lJr(hem ea~ Stral e) for Sutalllahic Ocloplllenl II~ H id Ipe n lt1 I n l Ilr1l

ltCle IQU Thin Ycar In ahn London Jill PI

Oedemanlt J lIN) QUlIIIII)nt flob~1 nf from oc drCJI of ~lJ er S middot ~tM pp~l-H~

O ~ n L md lxb)hlrc F 1lt1 Il Kara knrull glMal d(p10n ~ltt~nl (WIMrph) I SuppI7tJn

Rahal lt 1)15 R~Ieen 10 Burr on the -IIp-Travcl m NOrlhcril Padt~n

lJl~uall fllIltl~ Lahltgtre

R(Mgtlu Jot 1 hraf 0 RalrIoil0~ S _ AmJkI S aoo 1(1)~ Inenttlgt IIf R lt11( GI~c(~1 Inc the 11111111(11100 of PtICJlual Glalal lale OU11gt11lt1 fjoh Ark by (jllul WMoung n Ih~ IOU111a1n~ or HmJlyan Region PJ~IJn lClOD r-tr~1 amp ARC rJ~Ill (Dl

SCaIiI P llJll (jeolg~ and rlaquowmc nllhe arl~oram Mou111ain~ Juhn ~y ygt~

itll Ykn~ 10lt1 Wm~ J98O R~anh on SnO-(cr In Chifl3 Jnd Ih~ in landK rhcnI~nJ lf H(ur~ llclC( In I~In lour of GII(1II~ 1( ~_ ]n

ShrrMkr J F Iltltn Him~l~~ wille S~J G~(gtU1orpholog fltllh~ QUlelaquo1lr~ ltI P~IUI (0 the reglltflJI eonte~t In Shroder J F Icdl IhmallJ n l~ Sea (ltolug ClttIlV( rhvlog and me Qullcm) Roulletlgc I~don I-middotn

Tood II I () I Corrt~I-()1ld~nlte (jllgll md Hunla RIVCr middotlooJ Th( H1111111) Ill lou mal I ~) 17~

WJIJ D 1C)~7 (kolo~ If Ind(a The Lnglih Ltn~uJg~ B-~ S~I tl UI(JIuIamp Co lld loudon

WJ~C C P 1110 SIlO acumUI~II(ln ~lUd(~ in I~ ~nlral Karn~orlm Jgtnxlaquod(llg vi E-Itm ~now ltImf 44 AnnUd) ~~I(llJ FrcderKlon C~nb

~ ~hurn i l ln9 K~rJ~(mlll jlaciol()j) Amcr Jour ofS~( 117 ISmiddotIo

C)R ~Of)i 1 Hnw DI~ler anaj(mnl Phuc and SI~m n l~lall or J~nu~~ ~()U5 hlamah~J

lC lWI7 Srudy 01 GIklcr I ~~ OUIOOIltI nood~ IIllh~ ~p1 H(m~IJy~ PhLltC 1 Interim R~pol1 ~b~ IN7 ECS R(pltI1 0 4112005117111 S~4 v ~jl

Kh1l~TlJulmiddotpal WFCS

WLCS 198tgt Flaquo)n dlld S~dnenlmon m lh( 11011 Hl1nalay01 an -CiTlcnt ur Rw p((X-~ WFes Reprt 0 4f-~IO~87f1 ltlt4 0 ~5ol KdlhnMllu( ep1 WLC)

I C I (Ni [JIJ Rc plln krCofologcal and 1-1 drImiddot 1 [JIJ JL Th Rt~J Gl n L ~~ R hng HmJI ll()m Ju 1991 it) M ~ 1115 W[CS ~~llHI DAoT ~lhm~tlu_ plaquo1 W1TS

-~~k KL 1r~~L J ~ ~nd Kdfer H H t20(1) GlOOI Land Icc I ~aunn l Irm Sr T-gtltXUlllenlln_c the om- or 1l1h- Gb ~ llng ASTER An~n~an

(i~ltJph) -31Imiddotnlvn ~ OOI Spnng 1 ~eling 1 y ~()()1

h~~ JII1hlJJ I Rl1 hgy~n I1S(l The Surface AtgtI lIon and it VaruJIl on tIM l3alurJ a~middot J~r t lIi Yf~ng (ed I P ~r on Ihe Batura Glaler Krl l (llJm 10ll nta Rtljln~ ~-i Pr~~gt l-lt)~

ZhJ~ Jm Shlrcn~ 1980 Chln~c the n nora Gakicr III he Q ua lern3f) alltl ReC Ill Tme_ In InkOIlJI I-lpcr ()Ilthe RllUnl GIlcicr IFd Slufeng _J

httpP lnd(IIltrldgltdl loltlEt-G1doc J71 ~(wdox I 7 15(Jmiddoth pd l

gt~ - ~- - -- -shy

11 proCgtC) lh~l aJJ now or I~C 10 d ghoer til U) 11001i1l IC (gtT

no ~ ~no f1 L Ilanehln ind IrlII~pon r~ relt J

ny ~laciN in a Unllin rangc whkh dnnnJmly onllncd h~ Ih~ -urroud~ Ip~raphy 1 uual l y on~IIt 111 llfque and ITI~) 110 ltiltln imp ~ ~lln prenoll]v c~rrt h ~ Ir~~1l

(Imlllc It h the J(r~~~ llber uwaJly wlen mer ~ ~O CII lillie periud 1m a pu1i-ular re~ ~Ilmoe pemJd Cllm lr I ~ It n - [Ir bUI ralh~r 11 Ih~ Icragc paltcm of cllher j a Irllulaf re~lolI

TIle lerm dm1lle dl n~~ Omcllme u-eu IU rcr IU all 1011n OJ dlll1- In~vnlen~_ jUI bIC~ugtlt 1m- Idrth~ ~hmlle h na lallmiddot the lerm more PlprI) us-d 10 IInrl~ a ~mfKJnl hIII~( twm tine Lhmalllt condlllon to anolh~r_

A nll Itl a ~Iaer call1cll by rpld e l~m (~ac oc IU m deep would be Ilcalcd by inlem~1 no bill tllud (kqxr re gtI ~ IX lIanla~d h) emmnueJ Ie

hm A (ranIlIU IUrin between 5 anJ ~1lt1 wi i rcuhUl~ lrom a lIIICr oohdallon mel~mlhlt ~ntl nlltltnfl~h

TI~ nKhanJltal ~lhenn~ fl ~~UlJ b) repealcd treamg ~nd Iha111~ 11 aiel m pores erIlti- md olher flCnll1~ uu lI dllhe ~ur~~e

(jl f hue 1Il~ I Ke i(1rTl1Cd (In land h) lh~ -ontld-l Jrnl a)1~1I1Jtln vI ~11 Ih mlt~ ~r II~ dhllx or mJl~rd du IQ Ih w~~hl

Coml~d Jnll Inlcr~ro n mass of cryqalhne icc 1111 a dCllty of ~JOQlUk~m

A 1ng pmld 01 tlJnc bull IHOOO-+ )~MSI charilcrilc1 tgty dlm~ tthuon ~lOAIJI~d lIh ma um gl~ll ~q~

~)

Irure lIdlllll Plnl

Irtnperll d lldle

tilalllll

~rmillg tor ~Ibal dll1al~ h r~lltnlln r outgoing (lung

II ekn~lh I id1110n nl c1TCd 10 be hallcmn at Im~nl igtecanlaquo 01 mn~ng Jlnkhr~L ~lItxll1 dk comen 1(01 drlycn h mhIlt 111 ruel

Ille pgre ~ndual uf the ~arh urfa~ ICmrerJ1U1r lhoughl IU he ~au b~ Ih~ ~reltnhoutC df~CI and nI mhl~ 1(gt( chng~ In ~Iohal climne r~ll~m An c~~ n 1he ar f tempera r Ihe Llrth

~ nil glaun hne rapd ntolIll do e~fl opeS bullmiddotu brlllie fJIUl- ~OJ mlCI1C ulaHrn~_

lng ~itld I IlTlie 11004 F r-J ehaaocrllcd b chmalK c 10110111 asu ~Icd Ih lIUl1alln glacial Clcnl

Ombul1 n~~ilng Itol1l ~ lailC~ IiIn h~abg~ ur ml~n~e mdl b~ k~Imiddot dmiddotI~

0 ~11 annual ba Iltt dllenmiddot beween m gJined Ihnough j am mas los h~ h1arwn

kh ~I-fmiddotkrlgtlIcd jfIlllll dnn ntl~ and ~nd gra~1

hOII1) mre~1~ lIundllll and ilTtnl m(l layers uh Il(r~JI~ da Irm Ihc ICC nllr~1Il

hh-lIlg prCufC IIh deplii IIlfln ICC 10w~h liS denr hq uld ph c lhu Ih( IlIdlln~ poilU f I~C dna JI abtuI 0 ( __ per I~no~ll ~rh)tllh1 K~

Rdl 10 lhe arCa mmedialely uJenl 1lt1 a glcJef_ oflen ffelI~d h lt am h (ell ~gtr~inemiddotdu-nmctllkc

Iltin(l ~ral 101 Jlmnl f(Im I r (mmnll amiddot~umlllmiddotr nhdrJl(yr~O 2tXlkgmshy

cmiddottlItlt [Ir01 01 tIIe mJ(Hl1l(udc~ Wllh nenher n~CpllullI) 11lgh 1111) nN )0 IPltgtrj l~mpera1Un- nd pnC1pgtuflon 1J tx- thltr el Imlml( I or Id lC(gtlIl~IlJII

IkIX of a giermiddot all)middot deS(nhcd a~ 111~C 1Il0l la~eed) polrl)- fed_ lfld (ompoed I multiple ype f angIl h lib lUunded rod trui va)g ~rCatl) wnh ~OUflC malerial

bIlllt I alln~ ~Irn or IIItOU113111 gl- which ~er Ih1f1 n d~_ and no a)ng Ihe n(Kor 01 a 1II(lI1IIn 1 alky

gt~ - ~- - -- -shy

11 proCgtC) lh~l aJJ now or I~C 10 d ghoer til U) 11001i1l IC (gtT

no ~ ~no f1 L Ilanehln ind IrlII~pon r~ relt J

ny ~laciN in a Unllin rangc whkh dnnnJmly onllncd h~ Ih~ -urroud~ Ip~raphy 1 uual l y on~IIt 111 llfque and ITI~) 110 ltiltln imp ~ ~lln prenoll]v c~rrt h ~ Ir~~1l

(Imlllc It h the J(r~~~ llber uwaJly wlen mer ~ ~O CII lillie periud 1m a pu1i-ular re~ ~Ilmoe pemJd Cllm lr I ~ It n - [Ir bUI ralh~r 11 Ih~ Icragc paltcm of cllher j a Irllulaf re~lolI

TIle lerm dm1lle dl n~~ Omcllme u-eu IU rcr IU all 1011n OJ dlll1- In~vnlen~_ jUI bIC~ugtlt 1m- Idrth~ ~hmlle h na lallmiddot the lerm more PlprI) us-d 10 IInrl~ a ~mfKJnl hIII~( twm tine Lhmalllt condlllon to anolh~r_

A nll Itl a ~Iaer call1cll by rpld e l~m (~ac oc IU m deep would be Ilcalcd by inlem~1 no bill tllud (kqxr re gtI ~ IX lIanla~d h) emmnueJ Ie

hm A (ranIlIU IUrin between 5 anJ ~1lt1 wi i rcuhUl~ lrom a lIIICr oohdallon mel~mlhlt ~ntl nlltltnfl~h

TI~ nKhanJltal ~lhenn~ fl ~~UlJ b) repealcd treamg ~nd Iha111~ 11 aiel m pores erIlti- md olher flCnll1~ uu lI dllhe ~ur~~e

(jl f hue 1Il~ I Ke i(1rTl1Cd (In land h) lh~ -ontld-l Jrnl a)1~1I1Jtln vI ~11 Ih mlt~ ~r II~ dhllx or mJl~rd du IQ Ih w~~hl

Coml~d Jnll Inlcr~ro n mass of cryqalhne icc 1111 a dCllty of ~JOQlUk~m

A 1ng pmld 01 tlJnc bull IHOOO-+ )~MSI charilcrilc1 tgty dlm~ tthuon ~lOAIJI~d lIh ma um gl~ll ~q~

~)

Irure lIdlllll Plnl

Irtnperll d lldle

tilalllll

~rmillg tor ~Ibal dll1al~ h r~lltnlln r outgoing (lung

II ekn~lh I id1110n nl c1TCd 10 be hallcmn at Im~nl igtecanlaquo 01 mn~ng Jlnkhr~L ~lItxll1 dk comen 1(01 drlycn h mhIlt 111 ruel

Ille pgre ~ndual uf the ~arh urfa~ ICmrerJ1U1r lhoughl IU he ~au b~ Ih~ ~reltnhoutC df~CI and nI mhl~ 1(gt( chng~ In ~Iohal climne r~ll~m An c~~ n 1he ar f tempera r Ihe Llrth

~ nil glaun hne rapd ntolIll do e~fl opeS bullmiddotu brlllie fJIUl- ~OJ mlCI1C ulaHrn~_

lng ~itld I IlTlie 11004 F r-J ehaaocrllcd b chmalK c 10110111 asu ~Icd Ih lIUl1alln glacial Clcnl

Ombul1 n~~ilng Itol1l ~ lailC~ IiIn h~abg~ ur ml~n~e mdl b~ k~Imiddot dmiddotI~

0 ~11 annual ba Iltt dllenmiddot beween m gJined Ihnough j am mas los h~ h1arwn

kh ~I-fmiddotkrlgtlIcd jfIlllll dnn ntl~ and ~nd gra~1

hOII1) mre~1~ lIundllll and ilTtnl m(l layers uh Il(r~JI~ da Irm Ihc ICC nllr~1Il

hh-lIlg prCufC IIh deplii IIlfln ICC 10w~h liS denr hq uld ph c lhu Ih( IlIdlln~ poilU f I~C dna JI abtuI 0 ( __ per I~no~ll ~rh)tllh1 K~

Rdl 10 lhe arCa mmedialely uJenl 1lt1 a glcJef_ oflen ffelI~d h lt am h (ell ~gtr~inemiddotdu-nmctllkc

Iltin(l ~ral 101 Jlmnl f(Im I r (mmnll amiddot~umlllmiddotr nhdrJl(yr~O 2tXlkgmshy

cmiddottlItlt [Ir01 01 tIIe mJ(Hl1l(udc~ Wllh nenher n~CpllullI) 11lgh 1111) nN )0 IPltgtrj l~mpera1Un- nd pnC1pgtuflon 1J tx- thltr el Imlml( I or Id lC(gtlIl~IlJII

IkIX of a giermiddot all)middot deS(nhcd a~ 111~C 1Il0l la~eed) polrl)- fed_ lfld (ompoed I multiple ype f angIl h lib lUunded rod trui va)g ~rCatl) wnh ~OUflC malerial

bIlllt I alln~ ~Irn or IIItOU113111 gl- which ~er Ih1f1 n d~_ and no a)ng Ihe n(Kor 01 a 1II(lI1IIn 1 alky

Irure lIdlllll Plnl

Irtnperll d lldle

tilalllll

~rmillg tor ~Ibal dll1al~ h r~lltnlln r outgoing (lung

II ekn~lh I id1110n nl c1TCd 10 be hallcmn at Im~nl igtecanlaquo 01 mn~ng Jlnkhr~L ~lItxll1 dk comen 1(01 drlycn h mhIlt 111 ruel

Ille pgre ~ndual uf the ~arh urfa~ ICmrerJ1U1r lhoughl IU he ~au b~ Ih~ ~reltnhoutC df~CI and nI mhl~ 1(gt( chng~ In ~Iohal climne r~ll~m An c~~ n 1he ar f tempera r Ihe Llrth

~ nil glaun hne rapd ntolIll do e~fl opeS bullmiddotu brlllie fJIUl- ~OJ mlCI1C ulaHrn~_

lng ~itld I IlTlie 11004 F r-J ehaaocrllcd b chmalK c 10110111 asu ~Icd Ih lIUl1alln glacial Clcnl

Ombul1 n~~ilng Itol1l ~ lailC~ IiIn h~abg~ ur ml~n~e mdl b~ k~Imiddot dmiddotI~

0 ~11 annual ba Iltt dllenmiddot beween m gJined Ihnough j am mas los h~ h1arwn

kh ~I-fmiddotkrlgtlIcd jfIlllll dnn ntl~ and ~nd gra~1

hOII1) mre~1~ lIundllll and ilTtnl m(l layers uh Il(r~JI~ da Irm Ihc ICC nllr~1Il

hh-lIlg prCufC IIh deplii IIlfln ICC 10w~h liS denr hq uld ph c lhu Ih( IlIdlln~ poilU f I~C dna JI abtuI 0 ( __ per I~no~ll ~rh)tllh1 K~

Rdl 10 lhe arCa mmedialely uJenl 1lt1 a glcJef_ oflen ffelI~d h lt am h (ell ~gtr~inemiddotdu-nmctllkc

Iltin(l ~ral 101 Jlmnl f(Im I r (mmnll amiddot~umlllmiddotr nhdrJl(yr~O 2tXlkgmshy

cmiddottlItlt [Ir01 01 tIIe mJ(Hl1l(udc~ Wllh nenher n~CpllullI) 11lgh 1111) nN )0 IPltgtrj l~mpera1Un- nd pnC1pgtuflon 1J tx- thltr el Imlml( I or Id lC(gtlIl~IlJII

IkIX of a giermiddot all)middot deS(nhcd a~ 111~C 1Il0l la~eed) polrl)- fed_ lfld (ompoed I multiple ype f angIl h lib lUunded rod trui va)g ~rCatl) wnh ~OUflC malerial

bIlllt I alln~ ~Irn or IIItOU113111 gl- which ~er Ih1f1 n d~_ and no a)ng Ihe n(Kor 01 a 1II(lI1IIn 1 alky

10l1lt1 Fl11 n()(xh arc C)C~ nUlj n~nl Inllered ell- dtllhurgtl~ JI~ JL tJloorsh or In f~luc ( UIII(] d l11 If dam (aused b~ landlod ddgtf Iltt or no

pICnllll1y damJ)IJoi rhY~JI e)CIIl 11olt1InOIl Of 1IU1l1a JII~lIy that ma JU the los~ ot hie ) IIlJU PlOXrt~ damlgc 111 and econonlllt drurioo or en) 1r1TInl~1 dejraJIoo

lhc (apJclty H I L of capacity 01 a UClel loJ nlcll~_ upe h rtl Jnd re(ocr Im Ihc 11111_1 1 nlIur1 hlzJd eI gt11]IIrahllit delermmed h a olllhmlllOll 1gt1 laLI Iii delermine Ih tlt~r 10 whh life property mlratrue gter teC an pul II nIl by J dielc lilt denlrall1c celll

Ih ~hll~ 01 I ltIf Ilk or ppcrt - 01 ilur) Lm~e Of druplion locronltmic Ily due tu I partICular ~cm f a gI~~ ale and retcrclILC period Ris I Ihe nmbina11 I 1111 ~nd ulnfabililj

ol1~d 1lt- IJI-cn 0 reduc dlIld 1lem I 0 ~pk lIrJrulII~ lnd proprt~ urn hJunh llh 11(gt1 ~uc laken III j)anc 01 011lt I lenea (lr ~hmal~ t shy

ulllM 011 (Kd) un o the ~1Irullemiddotlll

~HJe [) enun Ih~IIXOpl~m ~J(h f duer Id (CilOnJ 1lt111 cll[d) Prep~dn ltjune dend~ h II be J~ I ()em] -C brrak ~n Jcldpmli ~ 11 rr romllFnl lIId prr~lgt plm

i1Tl I111al r1~ur ~don III redwc Ih dkcb I 11 bj ph~~JI 1II1~Cllli(lll

IIlc re[en b3n~ embao~I1nt drcd~m~_ dcnlt dam ICCC tlx1 all del lIn~ hUlldm~~_ llltlltxI-prol1rnf)

- middotttulur1 me3~Ur A~lIn 10 -tU(C lhe cihCh ul no1lt III) nn-pIlYltlaJ Iun (h ~ c Innd UoC plannil1pound IlMjplin 7onil1~ h~Inpound bull ) lllce arn 1I1~ Ie_ flOltJd InSUJllCe I

I he tI lin ere Ilen or aLpted 1 tl menan licvl~IC~1 I ntUImiddot Glo I GcoloJpound ~ In elttlllOO ~ J m 1987 I and ISDR r 1(l()1]

Annexure

Assessment Survey of GlOFs I flash Floods Tehsil Gajal Hunza Volley District Gflg j

Karakoram Region WRRI NARC and UNOP

J Ago

IJp 10 I 5 veas 15 25 laquolIS 25middot 50 years AbcNe 50 years

Gen MlF

5 EOlJComiddotona1 Level J Up to Slo 8 J SI08 1012 J Groouate PO$middotg roouae

6 No Of melTOOo he ornry

7 fOTI11y income iPok Rs) pel OTYllTfl J Up to 2000J J 20000 shy 5OCOO J SOCXJO 2OO00J J AXNe 2(X]C(J()

(frQn 01 sources)

Cornrnenr II arry

8 OCcupation Involved J Homemake J FOrTlng J Bus-ness Oller

NIla o~e tho malr liveltIlooa ophons VOOI village I F01TlUIIg

I Arwlnol Roooog SelVlCes J Bugtll1poundSi

10 Ale tnese lIVelihood actIOnS 5eOSOI1O ncrrure YIN

~ s he illsTltutiorlQl se~D ot VOU village VIS-a -VIS

JCOfT1mUf1lty SC JD

llldersta)(jl(] of DQ1VfO tarords

lmiddot~ WtlQ ore tle IIOluro hazards tTlCIl you hove been ex~sed 10 Wllhe post I lands gtdes I EafTl)Quo~es

I FIOSt1 FlOods - Goc~middot 5Jfgng l Others

[)cI OlV of the pas events lead to J los of ilIe No 01 people whO Oled Mao _ _ F8OO~__Undamp 10 yr _ __ 6O~_

l DonOg() 0 PuoUc buldings and houses No Paceo SemI Pacco Kacnha l DoTlOge 10 comrnvnicoior linlltS OM --~o Pease decnbe

Iloots Bridges_-==--~=_-==Voro oQrfeS OMots

14 WhO was tr-e apprOJl TlOe aflOU of expeflCl lure t any you nod to Incur 10

Ieltover trom ne ass suffered

Agriculture (Ty~IQIyICosJ

CrODS rroos _Rangeland_ ======Frurs_ -=====

5 It your Vlttoge was allcc-ed rN me OSI lOs) floods dunng 2005 2007 and 2008 What was ~ d ifferOfIOi mooct

16 Mat 1OS been Itle Impact 01 any such event on the to-lOwing

J Agr ~urT ura

J veslQCk

J Fores1ry

J RooOS a~ 6rciges

j TelecommUlocotQllS

17 I IrveNXld was oeced whol was tne CD-relation be1ween the dlSOSts and he IllIellhooo OPlOf1

18 Igtle WClI11en ofld Crvldren Eloerly ana Dtsablaquol specJ(J affected by suet

events YlN Pl6058 explain

19 Is nete a reed to rain ON role fOf wome in dlsore preparedness

20 How oe COfT1(TIUllIty IeoOers ex local med(ol prOCtitloOel PleSli leacher invdveo in any dlSCSle P8POedne$ prOramme II thele Llt orry such inmoTVe

III RiSk mOTlQQtiQrV preooredness and resoonse

21 If theS was any k)ss Of Ie other dorroges wnat was the rooSOll behind II

lock of eony wamlng SYSems J lock o f preooredness measures ) Pa~ulQrly geographICaltv vuIr1erobie oJ PeltSOII frOfli a~ VUirelObe secnor

22 Wheli rove been some ot me POst ~ roouctl()l meosuOS ejther at he communlTV evel or inKnad by he goV9ffYll8f1t

J EmbOnvnenlS

J Early WOlnlng SVSem

J Land Use Plonl1ltrlg

J Prepeueoress Measures

J Social soe-v ne

J Iloled locol roumon rosourco

J Other measures

23 ~t f9SpO(100 Nere There to any oj the post lKlsn flood events In case VCXJI YllkJge was OftCCIeltf1 Local

67

24 Wtxlt copng mecholisms do you adoPT in Itle afTermath 01 on ev9I1ll l 5e1 nousetlOtd gooosI ~gtery

l Vlimdraw SOVIf9S l Ivigoto to ot1er TowSl Iloges J TerTlOQlonly rnovo to r6kWVe5 rouse J Iloouce consU1lptkln o lood STarve J SeeIc Suopor Iom QOVIr9Q5 J Otnef rTleOSlIe5

People shlled (NoTOPeI Places 01 ~Hing

25 fiOw would you tOTe yo occess to OCIII6S 101

__ L _____

26 Ale tnefe e~ needs Vs-a -vls Oly hazords Ex EmtxmkfTents tranWlgs eIeshycommvncCJ1lQf1

27 AiIv aTtIe comment Nole

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

Annexure

Assessment Survey of GlOFs I flash Floods Tehsil Gajal Hunza Volley District Gflg j

Karakoram Region WRRI NARC and UNOP

J Ago

IJp 10 I 5 veas 15 25 laquolIS 25middot 50 years AbcNe 50 years

Gen MlF

5 EOlJComiddotona1 Level J Up to Slo 8 J SI08 1012 J Groouate PO$middotg roouae

6 No Of melTOOo he ornry

7 fOTI11y income iPok Rs) pel OTYllTfl J Up to 2000J J 20000 shy 5OCOO J SOCXJO 2OO00J J AXNe 2(X]C(J()

(frQn 01 sources)

Cornrnenr II arry

8 OCcupation Involved J Homemake J FOrTlng J Bus-ness Oller

NIla o~e tho malr liveltIlooa ophons VOOI village I F01TlUIIg

I Arwlnol Roooog SelVlCes J Bugtll1poundSi

10 Ale tnese lIVelihood actIOnS 5eOSOI1O ncrrure YIN

~ s he illsTltutiorlQl se~D ot VOU village VIS-a -VIS

JCOfT1mUf1lty SC JD

llldersta)(jl(] of DQ1VfO tarords

lmiddot~ WtlQ ore tle IIOluro hazards tTlCIl you hove been ex~sed 10 Wllhe post I lands gtdes I EafTl)Quo~es

I FIOSt1 FlOods - Goc~middot 5Jfgng l Others

[)cI OlV of the pas events lead to J los of ilIe No 01 people whO Oled Mao _ _ F8OO~__Undamp 10 yr _ __ 6O~_

l DonOg() 0 PuoUc buldings and houses No Paceo SemI Pacco Kacnha l DoTlOge 10 comrnvnicoior linlltS OM --~o Pease decnbe

Iloots Bridges_-==--~=_-==Voro oQrfeS OMots

14 WhO was tr-e apprOJl TlOe aflOU of expeflCl lure t any you nod to Incur 10

Ieltover trom ne ass suffered

Agriculture (Ty~IQIyICosJ

CrODS rroos _Rangeland_ ======Frurs_ -=====

5 It your Vlttoge was allcc-ed rN me OSI lOs) floods dunng 2005 2007 and 2008 What was ~ d ifferOfIOi mooct

16 Mat 1OS been Itle Impact 01 any such event on the to-lOwing

J Agr ~urT ura

J veslQCk

J Fores1ry

J RooOS a~ 6rciges

j TelecommUlocotQllS

17 I IrveNXld was oeced whol was tne CD-relation be1ween the dlSOSts and he IllIellhooo OPlOf1

18 Igtle WClI11en ofld Crvldren Eloerly ana Dtsablaquol specJ(J affected by suet

events YlN Pl6058 explain

19 Is nete a reed to rain ON role fOf wome in dlsore preparedness

20 How oe COfT1(TIUllIty IeoOers ex local med(ol prOCtitloOel PleSli leacher invdveo in any dlSCSle P8POedne$ prOramme II thele Llt orry such inmoTVe

III RiSk mOTlQQtiQrV preooredness and resoonse

21 If theS was any k)ss Of Ie other dorroges wnat was the rooSOll behind II

lock of eony wamlng SYSems J lock o f preooredness measures ) Pa~ulQrly geographICaltv vuIr1erobie oJ PeltSOII frOfli a~ VUirelObe secnor

22 Wheli rove been some ot me POst ~ roouctl()l meosuOS ejther at he communlTV evel or inKnad by he goV9ffYll8f1t

J EmbOnvnenlS

J Early WOlnlng SVSem

J Land Use Plonl1ltrlg

J Prepeueoress Measures

J Social soe-v ne

J Iloled locol roumon rosourco

J Other measures

23 ~t f9SpO(100 Nere There to any oj the post lKlsn flood events In case VCXJI YllkJge was OftCCIeltf1 Local

67

24 Wtxlt copng mecholisms do you adoPT in Itle afTermath 01 on ev9I1ll l 5e1 nousetlOtd gooosI ~gtery

l Vlimdraw SOVIf9S l Ivigoto to ot1er TowSl Iloges J TerTlOQlonly rnovo to r6kWVe5 rouse J Iloouce consU1lptkln o lood STarve J SeeIc Suopor Iom QOVIr9Q5 J Otnef rTleOSlIe5

People shlled (NoTOPeI Places 01 ~Hing

25 fiOw would you tOTe yo occess to OCIII6S 101

__ L _____

26 Ale tnefe e~ needs Vs-a -vls Oly hazords Ex EmtxmkfTents tranWlgs eIeshycommvncCJ1lQf1

27 AiIv aTtIe comment Nole

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

Assessment Survey of GlOFs I flash Floods Tehsil Gajal Hunza Volley District Gflg j

Karakoram Region WRRI NARC and UNOP

J Ago

IJp 10 I 5 veas 15 25 laquolIS 25middot 50 years AbcNe 50 years

Gen MlF

5 EOlJComiddotona1 Level J Up to Slo 8 J SI08 1012 J Groouate PO$middotg roouae

6 No Of melTOOo he ornry

7 fOTI11y income iPok Rs) pel OTYllTfl J Up to 2000J J 20000 shy 5OCOO J SOCXJO 2OO00J J AXNe 2(X]C(J()

(frQn 01 sources)

Cornrnenr II arry

8 OCcupation Involved J Homemake J FOrTlng J Bus-ness Oller

NIla o~e tho malr liveltIlooa ophons VOOI village I F01TlUIIg

I Arwlnol Roooog SelVlCes J Bugtll1poundSi

10 Ale tnese lIVelihood actIOnS 5eOSOI1O ncrrure YIN

~ s he illsTltutiorlQl se~D ot VOU village VIS-a -VIS

JCOfT1mUf1lty SC JD

llldersta)(jl(] of DQ1VfO tarords

lmiddot~ WtlQ ore tle IIOluro hazards tTlCIl you hove been ex~sed 10 Wllhe post I lands gtdes I EafTl)Quo~es

I FIOSt1 FlOods - Goc~middot 5Jfgng l Others

[)cI OlV of the pas events lead to J los of ilIe No 01 people whO Oled Mao _ _ F8OO~__Undamp 10 yr _ __ 6O~_

l DonOg() 0 PuoUc buldings and houses No Paceo SemI Pacco Kacnha l DoTlOge 10 comrnvnicoior linlltS OM --~o Pease decnbe

Iloots Bridges_-==--~=_-==Voro oQrfeS OMots

14 WhO was tr-e apprOJl TlOe aflOU of expeflCl lure t any you nod to Incur 10

Ieltover trom ne ass suffered

Agriculture (Ty~IQIyICosJ

CrODS rroos _Rangeland_ ======Frurs_ -=====

5 It your Vlttoge was allcc-ed rN me OSI lOs) floods dunng 2005 2007 and 2008 What was ~ d ifferOfIOi mooct

16 Mat 1OS been Itle Impact 01 any such event on the to-lOwing

J Agr ~urT ura

J veslQCk

J Fores1ry

J RooOS a~ 6rciges

j TelecommUlocotQllS

17 I IrveNXld was oeced whol was tne CD-relation be1ween the dlSOSts and he IllIellhooo OPlOf1

18 Igtle WClI11en ofld Crvldren Eloerly ana Dtsablaquol specJ(J affected by suet

events YlN Pl6058 explain

19 Is nete a reed to rain ON role fOf wome in dlsore preparedness

20 How oe COfT1(TIUllIty IeoOers ex local med(ol prOCtitloOel PleSli leacher invdveo in any dlSCSle P8POedne$ prOramme II thele Llt orry such inmoTVe

III RiSk mOTlQQtiQrV preooredness and resoonse

21 If theS was any k)ss Of Ie other dorroges wnat was the rooSOll behind II

lock of eony wamlng SYSems J lock o f preooredness measures ) Pa~ulQrly geographICaltv vuIr1erobie oJ PeltSOII frOfli a~ VUirelObe secnor

22 Wheli rove been some ot me POst ~ roouctl()l meosuOS ejther at he communlTV evel or inKnad by he goV9ffYll8f1t

J EmbOnvnenlS

J Early WOlnlng SVSem

J Land Use Plonl1ltrlg

J Prepeueoress Measures

J Social soe-v ne

J Iloled locol roumon rosourco

J Other measures

23 ~t f9SpO(100 Nere There to any oj the post lKlsn flood events In case VCXJI YllkJge was OftCCIeltf1 Local

67

24 Wtxlt copng mecholisms do you adoPT in Itle afTermath 01 on ev9I1ll l 5e1 nousetlOtd gooosI ~gtery

l Vlimdraw SOVIf9S l Ivigoto to ot1er TowSl Iloges J TerTlOQlonly rnovo to r6kWVe5 rouse J Iloouce consU1lptkln o lood STarve J SeeIc Suopor Iom QOVIr9Q5 J Otnef rTleOSlIe5

People shlled (NoTOPeI Places 01 ~Hing

25 fiOw would you tOTe yo occess to OCIII6S 101

__ L _____

26 Ale tnefe e~ needs Vs-a -vls Oly hazords Ex EmtxmkfTents tranWlgs eIeshycommvncCJ1lQf1

27 AiIv aTtIe comment Nole

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

NIla o~e tho malr liveltIlooa ophons VOOI village I F01TlUIIg

I Arwlnol Roooog SelVlCes J Bugtll1poundSi

10 Ale tnese lIVelihood actIOnS 5eOSOI1O ncrrure YIN

~ s he illsTltutiorlQl se~D ot VOU village VIS-a -VIS

JCOfT1mUf1lty SC JD

llldersta)(jl(] of DQ1VfO tarords

lmiddot~ WtlQ ore tle IIOluro hazards tTlCIl you hove been ex~sed 10 Wllhe post I lands gtdes I EafTl)Quo~es

I FIOSt1 FlOods - Goc~middot 5Jfgng l Others

[)cI OlV of the pas events lead to J los of ilIe No 01 people whO Oled Mao _ _ F8OO~__Undamp 10 yr _ __ 6O~_

l DonOg() 0 PuoUc buldings and houses No Paceo SemI Pacco Kacnha l DoTlOge 10 comrnvnicoior linlltS OM --~o Pease decnbe

Iloots Bridges_-==--~=_-==Voro oQrfeS OMots

14 WhO was tr-e apprOJl TlOe aflOU of expeflCl lure t any you nod to Incur 10

Ieltover trom ne ass suffered

Agriculture (Ty~IQIyICosJ

CrODS rroos _Rangeland_ ======Frurs_ -=====

5 It your Vlttoge was allcc-ed rN me OSI lOs) floods dunng 2005 2007 and 2008 What was ~ d ifferOfIOi mooct

16 Mat 1OS been Itle Impact 01 any such event on the to-lOwing

J Agr ~urT ura

J veslQCk

J Fores1ry

J RooOS a~ 6rciges

j TelecommUlocotQllS

17 I IrveNXld was oeced whol was tne CD-relation be1ween the dlSOSts and he IllIellhooo OPlOf1

18 Igtle WClI11en ofld Crvldren Eloerly ana Dtsablaquol specJ(J affected by suet

events YlN Pl6058 explain

19 Is nete a reed to rain ON role fOf wome in dlsore preparedness

20 How oe COfT1(TIUllIty IeoOers ex local med(ol prOCtitloOel PleSli leacher invdveo in any dlSCSle P8POedne$ prOramme II thele Llt orry such inmoTVe

III RiSk mOTlQQtiQrV preooredness and resoonse

21 If theS was any k)ss Of Ie other dorroges wnat was the rooSOll behind II

lock of eony wamlng SYSems J lock o f preooredness measures ) Pa~ulQrly geographICaltv vuIr1erobie oJ PeltSOII frOfli a~ VUirelObe secnor

22 Wheli rove been some ot me POst ~ roouctl()l meosuOS ejther at he communlTV evel or inKnad by he goV9ffYll8f1t

J EmbOnvnenlS

J Early WOlnlng SVSem

J Land Use Plonl1ltrlg

J Prepeueoress Measures

J Social soe-v ne

J Iloled locol roumon rosourco

J Other measures

23 ~t f9SpO(100 Nere There to any oj the post lKlsn flood events In case VCXJI YllkJge was OftCCIeltf1 Local

67

24 Wtxlt copng mecholisms do you adoPT in Itle afTermath 01 on ev9I1ll l 5e1 nousetlOtd gooosI ~gtery

l Vlimdraw SOVIf9S l Ivigoto to ot1er TowSl Iloges J TerTlOQlonly rnovo to r6kWVe5 rouse J Iloouce consU1lptkln o lood STarve J SeeIc Suopor Iom QOVIr9Q5 J Otnef rTleOSlIe5

People shlled (NoTOPeI Places 01 ~Hing

25 fiOw would you tOTe yo occess to OCIII6S 101

__ L _____

26 Ale tnefe e~ needs Vs-a -vls Oly hazords Ex EmtxmkfTents tranWlgs eIeshycommvncCJ1lQf1

27 AiIv aTtIe comment Nole

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

14 WhO was tr-e apprOJl TlOe aflOU of expeflCl lure t any you nod to Incur 10

Ieltover trom ne ass suffered

Agriculture (Ty~IQIyICosJ

CrODS rroos _Rangeland_ ======Frurs_ -=====

5 It your Vlttoge was allcc-ed rN me OSI lOs) floods dunng 2005 2007 and 2008 What was ~ d ifferOfIOi mooct

16 Mat 1OS been Itle Impact 01 any such event on the to-lOwing

J Agr ~urT ura

J veslQCk

J Fores1ry

J RooOS a~ 6rciges

j TelecommUlocotQllS

17 I IrveNXld was oeced whol was tne CD-relation be1ween the dlSOSts and he IllIellhooo OPlOf1

18 Igtle WClI11en ofld Crvldren Eloerly ana Dtsablaquol specJ(J affected by suet

events YlN Pl6058 explain

19 Is nete a reed to rain ON role fOf wome in dlsore preparedness

20 How oe COfT1(TIUllIty IeoOers ex local med(ol prOCtitloOel PleSli leacher invdveo in any dlSCSle P8POedne$ prOramme II thele Llt orry such inmoTVe

III RiSk mOTlQQtiQrV preooredness and resoonse

21 If theS was any k)ss Of Ie other dorroges wnat was the rooSOll behind II

lock of eony wamlng SYSems J lock o f preooredness measures ) Pa~ulQrly geographICaltv vuIr1erobie oJ PeltSOII frOfli a~ VUirelObe secnor

22 Wheli rove been some ot me POst ~ roouctl()l meosuOS ejther at he communlTV evel or inKnad by he goV9ffYll8f1t

J EmbOnvnenlS

J Early WOlnlng SVSem

J Land Use Plonl1ltrlg

J Prepeueoress Measures

J Social soe-v ne

J Iloled locol roumon rosourco

J Other measures

23 ~t f9SpO(100 Nere There to any oj the post lKlsn flood events In case VCXJI YllkJge was OftCCIeltf1 Local

67

24 Wtxlt copng mecholisms do you adoPT in Itle afTermath 01 on ev9I1ll l 5e1 nousetlOtd gooosI ~gtery

l Vlimdraw SOVIf9S l Ivigoto to ot1er TowSl Iloges J TerTlOQlonly rnovo to r6kWVe5 rouse J Iloouce consU1lptkln o lood STarve J SeeIc Suopor Iom QOVIr9Q5 J Otnef rTleOSlIe5

People shlled (NoTOPeI Places 01 ~Hing

25 fiOw would you tOTe yo occess to OCIII6S 101

__ L _____

26 Ale tnefe e~ needs Vs-a -vls Oly hazords Ex EmtxmkfTents tranWlgs eIeshycommvncCJ1lQf1

27 AiIv aTtIe comment Nole

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

17 I IrveNXld was oeced whol was tne CD-relation be1ween the dlSOSts and he IllIellhooo OPlOf1

18 Igtle WClI11en ofld Crvldren Eloerly ana Dtsablaquol specJ(J affected by suet

events YlN Pl6058 explain

19 Is nete a reed to rain ON role fOf wome in dlsore preparedness

20 How oe COfT1(TIUllIty IeoOers ex local med(ol prOCtitloOel PleSli leacher invdveo in any dlSCSle P8POedne$ prOramme II thele Llt orry such inmoTVe

III RiSk mOTlQQtiQrV preooredness and resoonse

21 If theS was any k)ss Of Ie other dorroges wnat was the rooSOll behind II

lock of eony wamlng SYSems J lock o f preooredness measures ) Pa~ulQrly geographICaltv vuIr1erobie oJ PeltSOII frOfli a~ VUirelObe secnor

22 Wheli rove been some ot me POst ~ roouctl()l meosuOS ejther at he communlTV evel or inKnad by he goV9ffYll8f1t

J EmbOnvnenlS

J Early WOlnlng SVSem

J Land Use Plonl1ltrlg

J Prepeueoress Measures

J Social soe-v ne

J Iloled locol roumon rosourco

J Other measures

23 ~t f9SpO(100 Nere There to any oj the post lKlsn flood events In case VCXJI YllkJge was OftCCIeltf1 Local

67

24 Wtxlt copng mecholisms do you adoPT in Itle afTermath 01 on ev9I1ll l 5e1 nousetlOtd gooosI ~gtery

l Vlimdraw SOVIf9S l Ivigoto to ot1er TowSl Iloges J TerTlOQlonly rnovo to r6kWVe5 rouse J Iloouce consU1lptkln o lood STarve J SeeIc Suopor Iom QOVIr9Q5 J Otnef rTleOSlIe5

People shlled (NoTOPeI Places 01 ~Hing

25 fiOw would you tOTe yo occess to OCIII6S 101

__ L _____

26 Ale tnefe e~ needs Vs-a -vls Oly hazords Ex EmtxmkfTents tranWlgs eIeshycommvncCJ1lQf1

27 AiIv aTtIe comment Nole

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

22 Wheli rove been some ot me POst ~ roouctl()l meosuOS ejther at he communlTV evel or inKnad by he goV9ffYll8f1t

J EmbOnvnenlS

J Early WOlnlng SVSem

J Land Use Plonl1ltrlg

J Prepeueoress Measures

J Social soe-v ne

J Iloled locol roumon rosourco

J Other measures

23 ~t f9SpO(100 Nere There to any oj the post lKlsn flood events In case VCXJI YllkJge was OftCCIeltf1 Local

67

24 Wtxlt copng mecholisms do you adoPT in Itle afTermath 01 on ev9I1ll l 5e1 nousetlOtd gooosI ~gtery

l Vlimdraw SOVIf9S l Ivigoto to ot1er TowSl Iloges J TerTlOQlonly rnovo to r6kWVe5 rouse J Iloouce consU1lptkln o lood STarve J SeeIc Suopor Iom QOVIr9Q5 J Otnef rTleOSlIe5

People shlled (NoTOPeI Places 01 ~Hing

25 fiOw would you tOTe yo occess to OCIII6S 101

__ L _____

26 Ale tnefe e~ needs Vs-a -vls Oly hazords Ex EmtxmkfTents tranWlgs eIeshycommvncCJ1lQf1

27 AiIv aTtIe comment Nole

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

24 Wtxlt copng mecholisms do you adoPT in Itle afTermath 01 on ev9I1ll l 5e1 nousetlOtd gooosI ~gtery

l Vlimdraw SOVIf9S l Ivigoto to ot1er TowSl Iloges J TerTlOQlonly rnovo to r6kWVe5 rouse J Iloouce consU1lptkln o lood STarve J SeeIc Suopor Iom QOVIr9Q5 J Otnef rTleOSlIe5

People shlled (NoTOPeI Places 01 ~Hing

25 fiOw would you tOTe yo occess to OCIII6S 101

__ L _____

26 Ale tnefe e~ needs Vs-a -vls Oly hazords Ex EmtxmkfTents tranWlgs eIeshycommvncCJ1lQf1

27 AiIv aTtIe comment Nole

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

Physical characteristics of GlOF site

OCCID of (he orqln flc ~g 0T __ loa outlCl ()om type

GIoCeuror ~ r ou ~Io(ln

1 lloU1ul) _ 21P~IJ -l ilQiIQ1QJ

Iumber Of HcsehoIOS_____(Scmr) Poco Coll C ccs_ __ __ dospto

3ugtleSS __ __ 01lers PopuIOr)(

60 VOO __

GlOF Wornrng mechonism

ltletOf~ onoor dUflng bullKden hopprl Of tlOOo evenT wro tvoe 01 omiddotnrng Tecr-ofsrn IS adocred

How regoov ng vlltage$ IIlOIVoo in me esCle worP

Ne lnere (JlY benels oll~e5C I~xxh

Ir hlcn rne Of Ine ycor flOOd gercolry occrrcd

Ilrrtlus

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Lmiddot

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Lmiddot

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Lmiddot