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Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

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Cosmology: recent Cosmology: recent developments developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio
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Page 1: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

Cosmology: recent Cosmology: recent developmentsdevelopments

Luca AmendolaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

INFN/Spazio

Page 2: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

Cosmology: a few things Cosmology: a few things thatthat

I consider interesting, I consider interesting, promisingpromising

and possibly related to and possibly related to space missionsspace missions

Luca AmendolaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma

INFN/Spazio

Page 3: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

CMBCMBin in 1999…1999…

……20012001

……20032003

Page 4: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

SNIaSNIain in 1998…1998…

……20002000

……20042004

Page 5: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

New physics and New physics and cosmologycosmology

• Existence and nature of dark energy:cosmological constant, equation of state, scalar field, modified gravity,

interacting, phantom,....

• Tests of gravity:grav. waves, dark matter/baryons, scalar gravity, deviation from inverse square

law, finite range

•Variation of fundamental constants:G(t,r,..), m(t,r,..), α(t,r...)

• Signature of string effects:dilaton coupling, cosmological bounces

•Testing brane-world models:effects of gravitational propagation, compactification

Page 6: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

Dark energy/spaceDark energy/space SN in space:

sky coverage, temporal sampling, infraredsensitivity

Page 7: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

Dark energy/spaceDark energy/space

mm

dede

H

H

3

3

interaction strenght

equation of state

Page 8: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

What is gravity ?What is gravity ?Gravity: a Gravity: a universaluniversal force mediated force mediated

by a by a tensortensor field in field in 3D3D space space

• UniversalUniversal? or violation of equivalence principle?? or violation of equivalence principle?

• TensorTensor? or there are scalar/vector components?? or there are scalar/vector components?

• 3D space3D space? or propagation in n-dim bulk ?? or propagation in n-dim bulk ?

xyyyxx GGG

)1()( / rijij eGrG

])1

(1[)( 1* n

r

mmGrG

Page 9: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

inner space/outer space inner space/outer space

InfiniteInfinite bulk: bulk:

ordinary gravity at ordinary gravity at smallsmall scales scales

(<1Mpc)(<1Mpc)

CompactifiedCompactified bulk: bulk:

ordinary gravity at ordinary gravity at largelarge scales scales

(>1 mm)(>1 mm)

Page 10: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

inner space/outer space inner space/outer space

InfiniteInfinite bulk: bulk:

ordinary gravity at ordinary gravity at smallsmall scales scales

(<1Mpc)(<1Mpc)

c2

c

rr /1)(

rr /1)(

nrrV

rrV

c2

c

rr /1)(

rr /1)(

nrrV

rrV CompactifiedCompactified bulk: bulk:

ordinary gravity at ordinary gravity at largelarge scales scales

(>1 mm)(>1 mm)

Page 11: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

Gravity’s rainbow Gravity’s rainbow

)],(1)[()( * rftGrG ij

Dilaton coupling

Dark energy interactionExtra dim. leakage

Page 12: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

Gravity/space Gravity/space

]1)[()( )(/* retGrG

• Such a gravity law will change the Such a gravity law will change the evolution of the universe at all evolution of the universe at all scales and all times if scales and all times if λλ is large is large

• Effects at Effects at backgroundbackground (i.e. cosmic (i.e. cosmic expansion), expansion), linearlinear (i.e., (i.e., perturbations) and perturbations) and non-linearnon-linear (i.e. (i.e. galaxy formation) levelgalaxy formation) level

• If the interaction range depends If the interaction range depends on the local density, experiments on the local density, experiments in space could prove in space could prove necessarynecessary

space in large )(

Earth on small )(

Page 13: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

N-body simulationsN-body simulationsΛ α = 0.02

A. Macciò et al. PRD 2004

α = 0.05

Page 14: Cosmology: recent developments Luca Amendola INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma INFN/Spazio.

Dark Dark

energy/spaceenergy/space New tests of dark energy:•GRB at z>1•CMB and polarization•Sunjayev-Zeldovich effect•Deep photometric/spectroscopic redshift surveys (baryon oscillations)

New tests of gravity:•Lunar laser ranging•Cosmological tests•VEP tests in space

Gravity/spaceGravity/space

V(r)

r

mm Mpc

mat

DE

rad


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