COST Action 272 “Packet-Oriented Service Delivery via ... fileEricsson telecom equipment...

COST Action 272 “Packet-Oriented Service Delivery via Satellite”

Satellite-Based Aeronautical Communications:

Status Update of Ongoing Research

TD-02-029-S

Markus Werner German Aerospace Center (DLR)

Institute of Communications and Navigation [email protected]

Aeronautical Broadband Communications via Satellite - AirCom

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Institute of Communications and NavigationDLR

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Satellite-Based AeronauticalSatellite-Based AeronauticalCommunicationsCommunications ( (AirComAirCom))

Markus WernerDLR Oberpfaffenhofen


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Outline

Overview

Wireless Access Standards

Key Concepts and Technologies

Roaming

Roadmap and Key Issues

Satellite System Design

Coverage and Capacity Analysis

Handover

4 The WirelessCabin Project

4 Satellite Segment for AirCom


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WirelessCabinDevelopment and Demonstrator of Wireless Accessfor Multimedia Services in Aircraft Cabins

4 Partners:

DLR research, aerospace and space communications and networks

Airbus aircraft manufacturer, cabin equipment

Ericsson telecom equipment manufacturer, satellite service provider

ESYS consultancy, market and business models, technology evaluation

Inmarsat satellite service provider, mobile including aeronautical

KID-Systeme cabin integrator (manufacturer), cabin entertainment

Siemens Austria telecom equipment manufacturer

TriaGnoSys consultancy, aircom and satellite services

University of Bradford research, satellite and mobile communications

IST-2001-34766

July ´02 - Dec. ´04


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Motivation & Benefits

4 Demand for Internet access and telephony during flight

4 Airline passengers want to use their normal communications equipment andpersonal profile (cell phone, laptop, PDA; address book, bookmarks, software)

4 Wireless is the preferred access option

4 Cabin network re-configurability; adaptive to different aircraft types

4 Cabin crew communications

4 Cost savings and business case(s)


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WirelessCabin Objectives

4 Protocol development

4 Propagation and interference studies

4 Topology and capacity panning

4 Implementation and demonstration

✚ Market survey: value chain study + accounting and billing strategies

Broadband satellite services for aircraft become reality developing a systemarchitecture for wireless access technologies in aircraft cabins to use simultaneouslyUMTS, Bluetooth and WLAN IEEE 802.11b


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Wireless Access Standards

Third generation mobile communications

Increased capacity

Variable bit rate to offer bandwidth on demand

Support of asymmetric up- and down-link data transmission

Short range

Low power consumption

Voice and data communication

Frequency hopping spread spectrum

High bandwidth

Higher range

Direct sequence spread spectrum

4 UMTS

4 Bluetooth

4 WLAN IEEE 802.11b


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Wireless Access Standards (cont’d)

Bit rates Band-

UMTS

BlueTooth

WLAN

Coverage Modulationmax typ

IEEE 802.11b

2 Mbps 144 Kbps

1 Mbps 728 Kbps

11 Mbps 6,5 Mbps

1 MHz

5,10,

10 m

50-100 m

rangewidth

20 MHz

Duplexingscheme

FDD/TDD

TDD

Trans.power

QPSK (dl)BPSK (ul)

GFSK

20 dBm

0-20 dBm

20 dBmTDD26 MHz

dependson capacity

depends on bit rate

Frequency in GHz

...

2,400 2,4835

Blueetooth

IEEE 802.11bFDD

TDD MSS MSS FDDTDD

1,980 2,170

DEC

T

2,110 2,2002,0252,0101,900

UMTS

1,920


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Collectively Mobile Heterogeneous Network (CMHN)

Wireless Access

Service Integrator

SegmentTerminal

UserTerminals

SAT

W-LAN UMTS BlueTooth

IP PSDN

Inter SegmentService Provider

Segment Gateways


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Cabin CMHN Architecture

Ground Segment

Space Segment

Modem Ba n k

Sat Modem

Bluetooth

AircraftProtocolFunctions

SI

WLAN

UMTSLAN

Terrestrial telecom routerMode m Bank

IPBackbone

PSTN UMTSGSM

SI

Passenger’sCompanyIntranet

RNC

SGSN

GMSC

UMTS IF

WLAN IFBluetooth IF

UMTS Core

BluetoothUMTS IF

Cabin Segment

AircomServiceProvider

GGSN

MSC


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Roaming ?

4 YES !

4 Wireless cabin is a moving (UMTS) cell

4 Cell is “active” during cruising period of flight– switched on after take-off/ascending– switched off before landing approach

4 No interference with static cells on ground


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Satellite Segment Roadmap

• Identify applicable and/or appealing satellite frequency bands– frequency allocation and aviation authorities– identify spectrum allocation shortages– capacity and technology implications

• Identify available and required capacity– available vs. required capacity (over time and geographical location)– short/medium/long-term requirements and opportunities

• Investigate satellite service provider “models”– service “from one hand” or combination of different satellite service providers ?

• Complete design of satellite segment


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Key Issues (Satellite Segment)• Frequency band options

– L <-> L/Ku (return/forward) <-> Ku <-> K/Ka (=> achievable bit rates!)

• System options– smooth transition vs. “new” systems; in particular: GEO vs. non-GEO ?– major system players: Connexion by Boeing

AFIS (Airbus Flight Information System) Inmarsat: Swift-64 terminals, B-GAN system

• Key technology options– aircraft terminal antenna (steering range, antenna diversity, performance and

cost of phased array technology)

• Basic business case options– core passenger communications services alone ?– WCab services combined with evolving IFE (live TV ...) ?– WCab services combined with CNS/ATM services(commercial/public) ?


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Satellite Segment Design Approach

NetworkArchitecture

NetworkProtocols

On-boardNetwork

CapacityDimensioning

AeronauticalChannel

AntennaDesign

Link Budget

SatelliteConstellation

SystemCoverage

Market &Services

Spectrum Regulation

Flight Database

Aircraft Characteristics


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Coverage & Capacity Analysis

• Estimate capacity requirements for future aeronautical services– in the short/medium/long term– for different user/service profiles and pricing models– worst case study (time and geographic location)– identify coverage and/or capacity bottlenecks for particular constellations– variation of demand over time and location

• System capacity dimensioning in 4 steps– determine gross traffic per aircraft– determine flights by time and location:

departure/arrival; cruising and route models; resolution 1min, 1°x1°– identify serving satellite(s) and their coverage areas– map and accumulate traffic onto footprints or spot beams


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D SatT typeService/Appl.

port.A

mobileA

port.B

mobileB

port.C

mobileC

port.D

1 Telephony, telefax 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 Video telephony 0 0 0 0 1 1 03 Video conference 0 0 0 0 1 1 04 Video surveillance 0 0 1 1 1 1 05 TV broadcasting 0 0 0 0 0 1 06 Audio broadcasting 0 1 0 1 0 1 07 Document broad-

casting1 0 1 1 1 1 0

8 Digital (vehicle) in-form ation broadcast.

0 1 0 1 0 1 0

9 Videography 0 0 1 0 1 1 010 Database access for

retrieval services1 0 1 1 1 1 0

11 Computerinterconnection

1 0 1 1 1 1 0

12 Document m ailservice (em ail,paging,short m essaging)

1 0 1 1 1 1 1

13 File transfer 1 0 1 1 1 1 0

SatT -A SatT -B S atT -C SatT -D

PortableC ase Lap-top B riefcase B riefcase Palm -topU se Individ ual Individu al In dividual Individ ualM obility d uringoperation

N o N o N o Personal

U plink in form .ra te (gran ularity)

16-128 K bit/s(16 K B it/s)

16-512 K bit/s(16 K B it/s)

16-204 8 K bit/s(16 K B it/s)

4-64 K bit/s(4 K B it/s)

D ow nlink m ax.in form . rate

2.048 M bit/s 2 .048 M bit/s 2 .04 8 M bit/s 64 K bit/s

MobileM obile type C ar Plane, Ship ,

B us, T rain ,T ruck

P lane, Ship ,B us, T rain ,T ruck

U se Individ ual Individu al /G roup

G roup

M obility d uringoperation

Y es Y es Y es

U plink in form .ra te (gran ularity)

16-160 K bit/s(16 K B it/s)

16-512 K bit/s(16 K B it/s)

16-204 8 K bit/s(16 K B it/s)

D ow nlink m ax.in form . rate

2.048 M bit/s 2 .048 M bit/s 2 .04 8 M bit/s

Terminal types

Terminal service

profiles

ID Service/Application

Applicationfrequency

λ∗

Meanholding

time1/µ

Datareturn link(from user)

Rr

ratesforward link

(to user)Rf

Burstiness

b1 Telephony, Telefax 1/h 3 min 4; 64 kbps 4; 64 kbps 0.352 Video telephony 2/day 5 min 64+1150 kbps 64+1150 kbps 1.03 Video conference 1/day 60 min 64+1920 kbps 64+1920 kbps .33/.354 Video surveillance 1/month 1 month 32 kbps 64+1920 kbps 0.33/1.05 TV broadcasting . . . . .6 Audio broadcasting . . . . .7 Document broad-

i. . . . .

Traffic parameters

SatT typeService/Appl.

port.A

mobileA

port.B

mobileB

port.C

mobileC

port.D

Telephony, telefax 1 1 1 1 0.6 0.6 1Video telephony 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.3 0Video conference 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0Video surveillance 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

TV broadcasting 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0Audiobroadcasting

0 1 0 1 0 0.5 0

Multiservice factors

# users per terminal type and region)

Market prediction

model

sss

sususususus u

us bRmmmmiNiA ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅= ∑∑ µλδ 1)()( *

,,GT,,SA,,MS,,BH,

A(i) = cumulative busy hour source traffic in region i

service type s ,user terminal u

Based on earlierdimensioning workfor EuroSykWay

Some keyadaptations to theAirCom scenariorequired:

– long/medium/short-haul flights– type/size of aircraft; number of passengers (assume e.g. 60% utilization)– first/business/economy class passenger

Multiservice Traffic/Capacity Model


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Flight Routes• global OAG flight route database• flight route models and simulation

➨ dimensioning: select worst case(s)over time and location

➨ evaluate satellite handover

• compare constellations: Connexion by Boeing GEOs MEO Inmarsat B-GAN


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Flight Route Simulation Example


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Recalling Handover in Satellite Systems• Different handover (HO) types

– satellite HO– spot beam (=cell) HO– inter-segment HO

• Special satellite scenario– clear line-of-sight (LOS) required– HO and diversity concepts exploit multiple visibility (with clear LOS)– HO mostly deterministic, driven by

-> user motion (GEO)-> satellite motion (non-GEO)

• Earlier R&D work– geometric HO performance– GSM type HO– forward and backward HO


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Inter-Segment HandoverRecent IST project SUITED (IST-1999-10469)

The SUITED Demonstrator is based on a newnetwork concept where a multi-segmentenvironment is carried on a mobile situation toconnect INTERNET using QoS criteria. The multi-segment environment is based on three differentsegments:

- the EuroSkyWay (ESW) satellite segment;

- a GPRS/UMTS terrestrial segment;

- a wireless link (W-Link) segment.

Seamless handover is possible among all segmentsdue to a Interworking Unit (IWU). The IWUsupports a local LAN on the move (such as inaircraft, vessels, trains, coach busses, etc.) withoutthe need of specific software for the attachedlaptop clients.

SUITED MULTI-SEGMENT SYSTEM FOR BROADBAND UBIQUITOUS ACCESS TO INTERNET SERVICES AND DEMONSTRATOR


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Coverage and Handover Example: Frankfurt - SanFrancisco


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Conclusions

Follow the project at

http://www.wirelesscabin.com

or contact

[email protected] [email protected]

Date post:	20-Mar-2018
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COST Action 272 “Packet-Oriented Service Delivery via ... fileEricsson telecom equipment...

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