Cost benefit ratio of solar tube wells for rehabilitation of salt-affected and Waterlogged land in Pakistan Muhammad Shafi Assistant Agriculturist/ Field Unit Incharge United Nations Development Programme Biosaline-II Project, Hafizabad, Punjab Pakistan Presented in INDONESIA – GERMAN SEMINAR on Setting the Pace for Renewable Energy Technologies in Developing and Emerging Markets with Case Studies on Renewable Energy Technology Transfer Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung , 27 th of September 2011
Transcript
Cost benefit ratio of solar tube wells for rehabilitation of salt-affected and
Waterlogged land in Pakistan
Muhammad Shafi Assistant Agriculturist/ Field Unit Incharge United Nations Development Programme Biosaline-II Project, Hafizabad, Punjab Pakistan
Presented in INDONESIA – GERMAN SEMINAR
on Setting the Pace for Renewable Energy Technologies in Developing and Emerging Markets with Case Studies
on Renewable Energy Technology Transfer
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Bandung , 27th of September 2011
Pakistan has over 6 million hectares of land that is partially or fully affected by salinity.
The crop loss due to salinity problem is about 55 billion rupees per year.
There is shortage of 40 MAF to meet present irrigation water requirements of the country.
About 12 percent area usually remains under 1.5 meter water table depth except the dry spells.
More than 65 percent of tube well water is brackish in quality.
Solutions: SCARP
About 30 years ago, Government of Pakistan installed nearly14000 tube wells (covering about 2.6 million ha of irrigated land) with an average
capacity of approximately 80 litre/sec under the
Salinity Control and Reclamation Project
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1. Joint Satiana Pilot Project (JSPP)
2. Pakistan Community Development Project for
Rehabilitation of Saline and Waterlogged Land
3. Community Development Project for Salt-
affected and Waterlogged Lands
BIO-SALINE APPROACH
BEFORE AFTER
RECLAMATION APPROACH
For one ton of gypsum we need 1 acre foot of water
(4 irrigations of 3 inches each)
Current Irrigation sources in Pakistan
Canal Water Tube wells run by electricity
From wells through animals Diesel engine
Source: Pakistan Journal of water resources
There are 1.1 million tube wells across the country among which 0.25 million tube wells are taking 3,000 MW electricity from PEPCO (Pakistan Electric Power Company) system.
Source: Geo TV
Source: Pakistan Journal of water resources
Source: Pakistan Journal of water resources
Source: Pakistan Journal of water resources
Government policy, which has bounded farmers to pay initial capital cost for the installation of electric tube well. This includes transformer, cable and pole charges.
Source: State Bank of Pakistan
Source: Alternate Energy Development Board, Govt. of Pakistan
1. Solar Submersible Pumps
Suitable for pumping from deep wells
2. Surface Pumps
Surface pumps are less expensive than DC submersibles and can draw water from a dug well, spring, pond, river or tank, and push it far uphill and through a long pipeline to fill a
storage tank or to pressurize it for home use or for irrigation
Lift up to 22m (75ft)
Flow rate up to 5m³/h
Lift up to 50 m
Flow rate up to 2.7 m3/h (HR) resp. 5.0 m3/h (C)
lift up to 240 m flow rate up to 21 m3/h
PS150 Boost. Booster Pump for Solar Operation
Suitable for drip irrigation system Can provide 250 to 10,000 liters per day from shallow water sources. max lift up to 120 m Max. flow rate 0.9 m3/h
Solar Pumps:
Solar water pumping systems operate on direct current. (DC)
The output of the solar power system varies throughout the day and with changes in weather conditions.
Pumping slower than conventional pumps. Suitable for a well with a recovery rate too slow
Has the ability of pump ½ of water with ½ speed.
Little long term and maintenance cost, needs attention only once every 5 to 30 years depending on model.
Conventional AC Pumps:
Conventional AC pumps are usually centrifugal pumps that turn at high speed to pump as many gallons per minute as possible. They also consume a large amount of power.
Pumps a large volume of water
A centrifugal pump at 1/2 speed pumps 1/4 the water. Their efficiency is very low at low speeds and when pumping against high pressure.
Long-term costs of fuel and repairs on generators, or the cost of utility line extensions.
Fuel cost: $1.20 per liter
Fuel efficiency (consumption) of diesel generator:
3 liters per kilowatt generated
Solar resource: Annual average of 4.6 peak sun hours per day
Real annual interest rate: 5%
System life: 20 years
Source: National Engineering Lahore, Pakistan
Because it needs great attention of the government and support from national and international NGOs and Implementing Partners to promote solar tube wells in Pakistan
Sunlight is free and with modern technology it can be
captured efficiently. Once the solar panels are installed the energy they produce
does not cause green house gases or other pollutants. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power
grid can use solar cell technology to fulfill their irrigation needs.
The uses of solar energy can also provide the solution for
problems like power shortage, ever rising import bill of oil products, rising level of Pollution and high agricultural cost due to oil prices.
Solar water pumps must be installed according to the area depending on its solar radiation, water table and water need of individual farmer
Initial installation costs for solar tube wells are high as compared to diesel or electric power irrigations systems and hence Government of Pakistan should provide subsidies for installation of solar tube wells
