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Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013 Cost optimal energy efficiency in multifamily houses Åsa Wahlström Peter Filipsson Catrin Heincke CIT Energy Management
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Cost optimal energy
efficiency in multifamily houses
Åsa WahlströmPeter FilipssonCatrin Heincke
CIT Energy Management
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Other
Natural gas
Electricity
Oil
District heating
Year of construction
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
Num
ber o
f apa
rtmen
ts
Year of construction
Sluten kvartersbebyggelseoch övriga flerbostadshus
Lamellhus
Punkthus
Loftgångshus
Flerbostadsvillor m.m.
Slab block
Tower blocks
Houses with external galleries
Other
Källa: Så byggdes husen 1880 - 2000, femte upplagan. C. Björk, P. Kallstenius & L. Reppen (2003)
Small apartment buildings
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Recast of the European Energy Performance of
Building Directive
Member states should state energy performance requirements for:
• nearly zero‐energy buildings (nZEB) for new constructions– public buildings 2019– all buildings 2021
• minimum requirements when buildings undergo a major renovation – to the extent that this is technically, functionally and economically feasible
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
1 January 2013Reconstruction requirements in the building regulations
The basis for quality requirements that should be applied during major renovation are the same as the ones at new construction
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Building
Yearly energy use for heating, comfort cooling, domestic hot water, and electricity for operation of the building’s services systems. (kWh/m2)
Climate zon
I II III
Residential buildings with heating systems other than electric heating
130 110 90
Residential buildings with electric heating
95 75 55
New construction requirements in 2013
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
• Low-rise Apartment Buildings
• Tower Blocks • High-rise Blocks
of Flats • Small Multi-
dwelling Building
•Climate zone III•Climate zone II•Climate zone I
• 1950-1960• 1961-1975
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
MeasuresMeasures addressing electricity use for shared services in the building Measures addressing domestic hot water provision Loft insulationWindow replacementFaçade insulationHeat recovery
Heating system
requirements climate zone 3(kWh/m2)
Keep district heating
90
Install groundsource heat pump
55
Install air to water heat pump
55
Exhaust air heat pump (max 10 W/m2)
90
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Example of Low‐rise apartment buildings climate zone 3, built 1950‐1960
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
0 50 100 150
Presen
t value
of life
cycle
cost [kr/m
2 ]
Energy use [kWh/m2year]
Districtheating
Groundsource heatpumpAir to waterheat pump
Exhaust airheat pump
BBR requirements
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
0 50 100 150
Presen
t value
of life
cycle
cost [kr/m
2 ]
Energy use [kWh/m2year]
Districtheating
Groundsource heatpumpAir to waterheat pump
Exhaust airheat pump
BBR requirements
Facade insulation
Windowreplacement
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
0 50 100 150
Presen
t value
of life
cycle
cost [kr/m
2 ]
Energy use [kWh/m2year]
Districtheating
Groundsource heatpumpAir to waterheat pump
Exhaust airheat pump
BBR requirements
Heat recovery
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
0 50 100 150
Presen
t value
of life
cycle
cost [kr/m
2 ]
Energy use [kWh/m2year]
Districtheating
Groundsource heatpumpAir to waterheat pump
Exhaust airheat pump
BBR requirements
Hot Water Measures
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
0 50 100 150
Presen
t value
of life
cycle
cost [kr/m
2 ]
Energy use [kWh/m2year]
Districtheating
Groundsource heatpumpAir to waterheat pump
Exhaust airheat pump
BBR requirements
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Pres
ent v
alue
of li
fe c
ycle
cost
(SEK
/m2)
13100
52 49 5314
11151
Heatingsystem
Energy cost
Measures
Districtheating
Groundsource
heat pump
Air to water heat pump
Exhaust air heat pump
Existing building
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Limitations• results are for typically buildings and may differ greatly in particular cases
• the energy savings fully fund the measures – renovation costs of maintenance purposes have not been considered
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Conclusions• It is technologically possible to fulfill the building regulation requirements
• The four heating packages are competitive with each other
• Depending on predicts on energy prices and inflation in the future it may be one or the other option that is the most advantageous
Åsa Wahlström, Passivhus Norden 2013
Questions?
Åsa Wahlströ[email protected]
Thanks for financial support
Thank you!
