Costa concordia 2012

UCL INSTITUTE FOR RISK AND DISASTER REDUCTIONUCL INSTITUTE FOR RISK AND DISASTER REDUCTION

Costa Concordia Disaster 2012Group 4:

• Sandra Camacho-Otero• Dimitra Fotopoulou• Krisztina Pardi• Sarah Schubert

Conde Nast Traveller http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/b6/b5/5c/b6b55c5728aed26a198cd7a9d055bbc3.jpg

30 November 2015


Outline

● Overview of the disaster

● Losses

● Emergency response

● Comparison to other ship disasters

● Emergency plan context

● Lessons learned

● Conclusion and thoughts


Overview● What happened?

As Costa Concordia departed for a one week cruise around the Mediterranean, Captain Francesco Schettino ordered the ship to be steered close to the shore as a "salute", the ship hit a rocky outcrop.

● When did it happened?Friday 13 January 2012 at 19:18 local time.

● Where did it happened?Italian coastline, close to Giglio Island.

● Who was affected?3,229 passengers and 1,023 crew onboard (4,252 total).

http://teslapress.com/concordia.html



Losses and compensation ● Fatalities: 32 people died (27 passengers and 5 crew members). The

families received compensation based on individual circumstances. *1 person died during salvage.

● Injured: 64 people. Each person received compensation based on their individual experience.

● Uninjured: Payment of €11,000 (about £9,000) - for belongings and psychological trauma - per person, in addition to reimbursement of cruise fare, travel expenses - bus and air travel costs - and medical bills. *Those who accepted the deal agreed not to sue the company for further damages.Crew members were paid until the end of their contracts. They also claimed reimbursement for expenses incurred, as well as for travel and medical expenses, and up to £2,250 for loss of personal belongings.


Economic losses Cost of the ship: € 450 million Euros (£372 million; $570 USD million)Costa Concordia disaster had a constructive total loss according to maritime law experts (the cost of repairs plus the cost of salvage equal or exceeds the value) with damages of at least US$500 million only for the ship hull and the machinery.

https://chronicallyperplexed.wordpress.com/tag/costa-concordia/


Economic and reputational loss Passenger bookings fell in January 2012 about 30%.

The company also offered its customers cancellations, during a fixed, without penalty on specific planned cruises as a result of Costa Cruises reputation.

http://www.rsvlts.com/2013/01/11/costa-concordia-shipwreck-video/


22:25:15Captain contacts

the harbour master and

informs him of the hull breach, injured people and requests a

tug.

22:14:00The SAR authority

contacts the ship. Reports of

a 20-minute blackout.

No request for help

22:00:57Captain aware

that 3 compartments

are flooded.No distress or

security message

21:54:00Announcement to passengers informing them

of black-out.

21:45:07The hull of the ship crashed

into the “Scole Rocks”.

http://www.safety4sea.com/images/media/pdf/Costa_Concordia_-_Full_Investigation_Report.pdf

Emergency response timeline



23:38:00Still 200-300

passengers and crew on board.Evacuation is

almost complete.

23:10:00Lifeboats begin

to move and head to the harbour of

Giglio island.

22:54:10Captain

announced the “Abandon ship”

order.

22:45:08The ship is still

floating. The Captain is trying to manoeuvre to

bring it to the shore and drop

the anchor.

22:36:34Flooding

increases. MRSC Livorno

orders the intervention of rescue units.

Declare in distress.

http://d1jqu7g1y74ds1.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/CostaConcordiaRadarMosaic1_Ken-Kremer.jpg

www.twinkletoesengineering.info




02:00:00The first team of

seven firefighters with thermal cutting equipment on

board.

00:41:00Ship leant to the right side at 90°. MRSC Livorno “ordered” the

Captain to return to the ship.

Intervention of helicopters.

00:34:00Captain is on a

lifeboat.No-one on board

to coordinate the evacuation.

00:18:00Passengers

panic and begin to jump into the water. 2 patrol

boats search for survivors

between the ship and the coast.

00:00:00The ship starts to lean to the right.

Lifeboat embarkation

difficulties on boats on the left. Activation of the

divers team.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16563562

www.twinkletoesengineering.info



• First rescue operations were completed at 06:17 on 14 January 2012 saving 4220 people.

• The rescue operations continued and on 26 March 2012 when the last victim was found.



Comparison to other ship disasters

Titanic 1912

Luxury Liner

Principessa Mafalda 1927

Luxury Liner

Torrey Canyon 1969

Oil Tanker

MV Sewol 2014

Passenger Ferry

Conde Nast Traveller http://media-cache-ec0.pinimg.com/736x/b6/b5/5c/b6b55c5728aed26a198cd7a9d055bbc3.jpg

http://gardelhermoso.blogspot.com.es/

http://nuke.catfishingitalia.it

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com

http://www.thetimes.co.uk

Costa Concordia 2012


Comparison to other ship disasters

Titanic

Crashed into an iceberg (Atlantic Ocean)

2224 people on board – 1514 died

Financial loss:$2,500 000

Principessa Mafalda

One of the propeller shafts broke → water leakage (Coast of Brazil, Atlantic Ocean)

1264 people on board – 314 diedRescue vessels arrived on time but panic on board, first life boat filled with crew members.

Heavy compensation paid to the victims families.

Torrey Canyon

Went on short-cut: Ran aground on shallow water→ shipwrecked (West coast of Cornwall)

Environmental disaster: clearing up the oil: 1) detergents2) bombed down to burn off the oil spillage.

Criticism over Government’s delay in responding + Criticism on RAF and Royal Navy (75% of bombs were on target)

MV Sewol

Overloaded: illegally constructed to be able to carry more cargo - higher profits. Sudden turn →capsized(Southern coast of South Korea)

476 people on board - 304 died Late evacuation – passengers told to stay insideCaptain and crew members first to leave the ferry

False reports by media that all passengers have been saved.


AftermathTitanic:• International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) (1914): lifeboats for

all and lifeboat drills

Principessa Mafalda:• Italian Navy Board: New design for propeller shafts, better placement of

lifeboats

Torrey Canyon:Civil Liability Convention (1969):Liability for oil pollution MARPOL Convention (1973): Prevention of pollution of the marine environmentSTCW Convention (1978): Established requirements on training on an international level

MV Sewol:Hope for innovation on safety but in reality not much has changed after Sewol


Emergency plan in contextNavigation

https://chronicallyperplexed.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/viewfromthebridge.png

Evacuation

http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/dam/assets/120702084253-costa-concordia-01-story-top.jpg

Civil authorities Aftermath

http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/718/cache/environmental-effects-costa-concordia-shipwreck_71822_600x450.jpg

http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02110/lifeboat_2110383i.jpg


Lessons learned: Policies and procedures


Conclusion and thoughtsIf best practice had been followed the disaster

shouldn’t have happened.

The disaster was a direct result of management failures and behaviours.

The cruise ship industry has been very responsive by implementing policies to prevent

a reoccurrence and improve safety.

Knowledge transfer from other sectors, such as aviation, to improve safety?

Did culture, deference and demeanour have any part to play?

How can the issues of language barriers be overcome?


References● Ministry of Infrastructure and Transports: Marine Casualties Investigative Body, Cruise Ship COSTA CONCORDIA,

Marine Casualty on January 13, 2012: Report on the safety technical investigation. http://www.safety4sea.com/images/media/pdf/Costa_Concordia_-_Full_Investigation_Report.pdf Acccessed 13 November 2015

● Baldauf M., Hollnagel E., Schroder-Hinrichs J., From Titanic to Costa Concordia - A Century of Lessons Not Learned, 2012, World Maritime University

● Baldauf M., Hofmann S., Hollnagel E., Schroder-Hinrichs J., Kataria A., Maritime Human Factors and IMO Policy, 2013, Maritime Policy and Management

● Samantha Grossman: "Before Costa Concordia: Peacetime Sea Tragedies Through History", Time Magazine Online. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2015

● Christopher Ecclestone: The Sinking of the "Principessa Mafalda" – Controversies. (Principessa Mafalda Resource, 2010). Retrieved 15 November 2015

● Pardew D. L., Volo S., The Costa Concordia and Similar Other Tragic Events: The Mathematics and Psychology of the Loss and Restoration of travellers’ trust, 2013, Current Issues in Tourism

● http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/Default.aspx Retrieved 17 November 2015● http://web.archive.org/web/20090705050805/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/hu/prospect/er/ergsinhu/abouterg

s/lasttrip.html Retrieved 17 November 2015

● Maitland, C. (2014). THE SINKING OF THE SEWOL: LESSONS ALREADY LEARNED. Marine Log, 119(6), 17. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1545796940?accountid=14511

● http://www.whitestarmomentos.co.uk/disaster_statistics.html Retrieved 17 November 2015● Ji-Soo Lee & Won-Hwa Hong (2015) Arrangement Characteristics of● Temporary Relief Facilities: A Case Study of the Sewol Ferry Disaster Using Space Syntax



http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/01/18/before-costa-concordia-peacetime-sea-tragedies-through-history/#principessa-mafalda-atlantic-ocean

http://sites.google.com/site/mafaldasinking/controversies



http://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/ListOfConventions/Pages/Default.aspx

http://web.archive.org/web/20090705050805/http:/www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/hu/prospect/er/ergsinhu/aboutergs/lasttrip.html

http://web.archive.org/web/20090705050805/http:/www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/hu/prospect/er/ergsinhu/aboutergs/lasttrip.html

http://www.whitestarmomentos.co.uk/disaster_statistics.html


References● Modeling, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 21:6, 1686-1699,● DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2014.974497● http://www.cruiseshipdeaths.com/Costa_Concordia_Deaths/Costa_Concordia_Deaths_Name_Index.html

Accessed14 November 2015● http://www.corriere.it/International/english/articoli/2012/01/19/costa-under-investigation.shtml?refresh_ce-cp

Accessed15 November 2015● http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/italy-corpse-found-costa-concordia-wreck-assumed-be-russel-rebello-n23998

1 Accessed14 November 2015

● http://teslapress.com/concordia.html Accessed 15 November 2015● http://www.captaingreybeard.com/2012/01/day-of-reckoning-for-priest-wh-1.html Accessed 18 November 2015● http://www.captaingreybeard.com/2012/01/salvage-of-costa-concordia-wre.html Accessed 18 November 2015● http://www.lastampa.it/2012/01/15/italia/cronache/concordia-nave-irrecuperabile-adesso-la-priorita-e-la-rimozione-Z

QCq7POvx5wGm0Ixy0dhRP/pagina.html Accessed 15 November 2015

● http://teslapress.com/concordia.html Accessed 14 November 2015● http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204740904577193113977266528 November 14 November 2015● Alexander, David E., (2012) “The ‘Titanic Syndrome’: Risk and Crisis Management on the Costa Concordia,”

Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management: Vol. 9: Iss. 1, Article 33.● Birkland, Thomas A., After Disaster: Agenda Setting, Public Policy and Focusing Events, 1997, Georgetown

University Press● Cruise Line Industry Association (CLIA): Cruise Industry Policies: http://dev.cruising.org/regulatory/cruise-industry-

policies accessed 18 November 2015● Capt. Di Lieto, Antonio, Costa Concordia: Anatomy of an Organisational Accident http://www.enav-

international.com/wosmedia/273/costaconcordiaanatomyofanorganisationalaccident.pdf Accessed 12 November

http://www.cruiseshipdeaths.com/Costa_Concordia_Deaths/Costa_Concordia_Deaths_Name_Index.html

http://www.cruiseshipdeaths.com/Costa_Concordia_Deaths/Costa_Concordia_Deaths_Name_Index.html

http://www.corriere.it/International/english/articoli/2012/01/19/costa-under-investigation.shtml?refresh_ce-cp

http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/italy-corpse-found-costa-concordia-wreck-assumed-be-russel-rebello-n239981

http://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/italy-corpse-found-costa-concordia-wreck-assumed-be-russel-rebello-n239981


http://www.captaingreybeard.com/2012/01/day-of-reckoning-for-priest-wh-1.html

http://www.captaingreybeard.com/2012/01/salvage-of-costa-concordia-wre.html

http://www.lastampa.it/2012/01/15/italia/cronache/concordia-nave-irrecuperabile-adesso-la-priorita-e-la-rimozione-ZQCq7POvx5wGm0Ixy0dhRP/pagina.html

http://www.lastampa.it/2012/01/15/italia/cronache/concordia-nave-irrecuperabile-adesso-la-priorita-e-la-rimozione-ZQCq7POvx5wGm0Ixy0dhRP/pagina.html


http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204740904577193113977266528


References

● http://www.whitestarmomentos.co.uk/disaster_statistics.html Retrieved 17 November 2015● Ji-Soo Lee & Won-Hwa Hong (2015) Arrangement Characteristics of● Temporary Relief Facilities: A Case Study of the Sewol Ferry Disaster Using Space Syntax● http://www.rina.org.uk/costa_concordia_passenger_evacuation.html● http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16563562



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Costa concordia 2012

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