Council of Europe Annual Penal StatisticsMarcelo F. Aebi Mélanie M. Tiago Christine Burkhardt...

MarceloF.Aebi

MélanieM.Tiago

ChristineBurkhardt

UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland

FINAL

REPORT

CouncilofEurope

AnnualPenalStatistics

SPACEI–PrisonPopulations

Survey2014

Strasbourg 23December2015

pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7

CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics 1

Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7 PC-CP(2015)7

ThisreporthasbeenwrittenbyMarceloF.Aebi,MélanieM.TiagoandChristineBurkhardtonbehalfof

theCouncilforPenologicalCooperation(PC-CP)oftheCouncilofEurope,Strasbourg,France.

The report has been prepared under a contractwith theActionagainstCrimeDepartment, InformationSocietyandActionagainstCrimeDirectorate,DGI -DirectorateGeneralHumanRightsandRuleofLaw oftheCouncilofEurope.IthasalsoreceivedsupportfromtheUniversityofLausanne,Switzerland.

CountrybasedinformationonpenalinstitutionsandprisonpopulationswascollectedthroughtheSPACEI2014questionnaire(Ref:PC-CP(2015)7)andanalysedbytheauthorsofthisreport.Inaddition,during

thepreparationofthereport,threevalidationprocedureswereapplied:internal,cross-nationalandpeer-

review.

Theresponsibilityforthecontentofthisreportlieswiththeauthors,andthecontentdoesnotrepresent

the views of the Council of Europe; nor is the PC-CP responsible for any use thatmay bemade of the

informationcontainedherein.

Suggestedcitation[APAnorms]:

Aebi,M.F.,Tiago,M.M.&Burkhardt,C.(2015).SPACEI–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Prisonpopulations.Survey2014.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope

©CouncilofEurope&UniversityofLausanne,2015

Reproductionisauthorised,exceptforcommercialpurposes,providedthatthesourceisacknowledged.

2 CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014


Key points of SPACE I 2014 1. Theparticipationrateinthe2015SPACEISurveywas96%:50outofthe52PrisonAdministrations

ofthe47MemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropeansweredthequestionnaire.

2. ThemedianEuropeanPrisonPopulationRate[PPR]was124.0inmatesper100,000inhabitants.Thisrepresentsadecreaseof7%comparedto2013(133.4prisonersper100,000inhabitants).Asmedian

calculated values are less sensitive to the extreme figures (i.e. very longprisonpopulation rates in

smallcountrieswithlessthan1mlninhabitants),itispreferabletousethesevaluesasamorereliable

alternativetotheaveragefigures.

3. On1stSeptember2014,therewere1,600,324inmatesheldinpenalinstitutionsacrossEurope.Onthe

samedatein2013,therewere1,530,222inmates(thistotaldoesnotincludeUkrainianfigureswhich

weremissingfor2013)and,in2012therewere1,737,061inmates.

4. On1stSeptember2014,Europeanprisonswereat the topof theircapacity,holding94 inmatesper

100 places (median value). In particular, 27.5% of the Prison Administrations were experiencing

overcrowding.Since2009,theEuropeanprisondensityremainsclosetothemaximum.

5. Themedianageof theEuropeanprisonpopulationwas34years,which is thesameas in2013and

2012.

6. Themedianproportionoffemaleinmateswas5.0%ofthetotalprisonpopulation.Comparedtothe

sameindicatorin2013(4.7%),thereisnosignificantdifference.22.5%offemaleinmateswerepre-

trialdetainees.

7. The median proportion of foreign inmates was 13.3% of the total prison population (the average

value was 21.7%). Yet, there are very big differences between countries, from 0.7% in Poland to

96.4%inMonaco.

8. Lengthofcustodialsentences:

a. Themedianproportionofsentencedprisonerswhowereservingsentencesshorterthanone

yearwas15.2%,whichishigherthanin2013(13.4%)and2012(13.9%).

b. Themostcommoncategoryoflengthofsentenceswastheonelastingfromonetolessthan

threeyears(themedianpercentageofinmatesservingsuchsentenceswas23.8%).

c. Around 14.3% of inmates were serving very long sentences of 10 years and over. This

proportionremainedclosetotheoneof2013(11%)and2012(10%).

9. Prisoners serving a final sentence had been convicted mainly for the following types of criminal

offences(medianvalues):drugoffences(17%),theft(14%),robbery(13%),andhomicide(12%).

10. The average lengthof imprisonment in2013was9months,which is higher than in thepast threeyears(whenitwasabout8months).Thedurationofthepre-traildetentionremainedthesameasin

2012and2011(about4months).

11. Themedianmortalityratein2013was28deathsper10,000inmates,thesameasin2012.Thereisanincreasecomparedto2011whenthisindicatorshowed26deathsper10,000inmates.

12. Suicidesrepresent19%ofalldeaths.31%of theprisonerswhocommitedsuicidewere inpre-trialdetention(medianvalues).

13. Theaverageamountspentperdayandperinmatein2013was99Euros.Itis2Eurosmorethanin2012(97Euros).Ontheotherhand,themedianamountis45Euros,3Eurosmorethanin2012(42

Euros).TheamountsvarywidelyacrossEurope:from3to685Eurosperdayandperinmate.The45

PrisonAdministrationsthatprovideddataonthisitemhadspentmorethan27,000milionsofEuros

in2013.

14. Therewereabout3inmatesperonecustodianin2014.Thisratioremainedthesameasin2013.



Contents

KeypointsofSPACEI2014____________________________________________________2

Contents __________________________________________________________________3

SurveyBackground__________________________________________________________5

0.1Generaloverview_____________________________________________________________ 5

0.2Generalnotes________________________________________________________________ 7

0.3MainmodificationsmadeinthelatestSPACEIsurveys(2008-14)______________________ 8

ExplanatorynotestotheReport_______________________________________________9

1. GlobalIndicatorsofPrisonPopulationson1stSeptember2014_______________________ 9

2. PrisonMovementsduring2013________________________________________________ 15

3. PrisonStaff________________________________________________________________ 20

ConventionsandStatisticalMeasures ______________________________________________ 21Conventionsused___________________________________________________________________21Measuresofcentraltendency_________________________________________________________21

DemographicData______________________________________________________________ 22

DataValidationProcedure _______________________________________________________ 23

StatisticalTables___________________________________________________________24

i. PrisonPopulations:Globalindicatorson1stSeptember2014________________________ 25A.1.Legislativeandothermeasureswhichdirectlyinfluencetrendsinthenumberofprisoners_____26Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014 _______________________________36Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofinmatesintable1 _______________________37Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014(bycategories)__________________45Figure1.a:Countrieswithmorethan100prisonersper100000inhabitants(highestprisonpopulationrates)_____________________________________________________________________________50Figure1.b:Countrieswithprisonpopulationovercrowding(morethan100prisonersper100places)50Table1.3:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSept.2014:Adjustedfigures ____________________51Table1.4:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non-adjustedversusadjustedfigures) __________________________________________________52Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2005and2014___________________________54Table1.6:Year-to-yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2013and2014_____56Table2:Ageandcriminalresponsibility _________________________________________________58Table2.1.:MinorsandpersonsAged18andoveron1stSeptember2014_______________________59Table2.2:Minorsamonginmateson1stSeptember2014___________________________________60Figure2:Countrieswiththeyoungest(lessthan34years)prisonpopulationclassifiedbydecreasingmedianage________________________________________________________________________63Table2.3:AverageandMedianagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2014_____________63Table3.A:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2014_________________________________________64Table3.B:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2014___________________________________________67Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2014 __________________________________________70



Table4.a:Asylumseekersandillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasonsamongforeigninmateson1stSeptember2014_________________________________________________________________ 72Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2014(numbers)___________________ 75Table5.1:Detaineesnotservingafinalsentenceon1stSeptember2014(percentagesandrates)___ 79Table5.2:Dangerousoffendersundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2014(numbersandpercentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 81Table6:Mainoffenceofsentencedprisoners(finalsentence)on1stSeptember2014(numbers) ___ 84Table6.1:Mainoffenceofsentencedprisoners(finalsentence)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)85Table7:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014(numbers) 90Table7.1:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stseptember2014(percentages)______________________________________________________________________ 96Table7.2:Lengthsofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014(cumulativepercentages) ______________________________________________________________________ 97Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofsentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)________________________________________________________ 98Figure3:Countrieswithhighestpercentagesofprisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyear________ 99

ii. PrisonMovementsduring2013_______________________________________________100Table8:FlowofEntriestoPenalInstitutionsin2013______________________________________101Table9:FlowofReleasesfromPenalInstitutionsin2013__________________________________105Table10:TurnoverRatioofinmatesIN2013____________________________________________111Figure4:CountrieswithlowestturnoverratiosIn2013____________________________________112Table11.A:IndicatorofAverageLengthofImprisonmentin2013,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions___________________________________________________________113Table11.B:IndicatorofAverageLengthofImprisonmentin2013,basedonthetotalstockofinmatesinpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2013_______________________________________________116Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2013 ____________________________________117Table13:DeathsinPenalInstitutionsin2013(bytypeofregistereddeath)____________________119Table13.1:SuicidesinPenalInstitutionsin2013_________________________________________121Table13.2:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesinPenalInstitutionsin2013 ________________________122Table14:Expensesinpenalinstitutionsin2013(in€)_____________________________________125Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2013,inTable14______127

iii. PrisonStaff ______________________________________________________________131Table15:StaffworkinginPenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(numbers) ___________________________________________________________________132Table15.1:StaffworkinginPenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)_______________________________________________________136Table15.2:StaffworkinginsidePenalInstitutionsonthebasisofFull-timeequivalents(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)_______________________________________________________137Figure5:StaffworkinginsidepenalinstitutionsOn1stSeptember2014,Percentages____________138Table16:Staff(FTE)workinginPenalInstitutionsbutnotemployedbythePrisonAdministrationon1stSeptember2014(numbersandpercentages)____________________________________________139Figure6:HighestratiosofinmatesperonecustodianOn1stSeptember2014__________________142Table17:Ratioofinmatespercategoriesofstaffon1stSeptember2014______________________143

ListofTablesandFigures __________________________________________________ 144



COUNCILOFEUROPEANNUALPENALSTATISTICS–SPACEI2014:SURVEYONPRISONPOPULATIONS

MarceloF.Aebi,MélanieTiagoandChristineBurkhardt1

Survey Background

0.1 General overview TheSPACEI2014annualreportispartoftheSPACEproject2.Thisprojectproducesannualoverviewon

mainindicatorsofcustodialandnon-custodialactivitiesinallMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope.

The firstpartof theproject(SPACEI)providesdataonthepopulationsheld incustodyand/or inothertypes of penal institutions across Europe. Moreover, this report contains useful information about the

conditions of detention (e.g. capacity, expenses, staff), as well as about the custodial movement (e.g.

entries,releases,deaths,escapes).

The second part of the project (SPACE II), focuses on persons serving non-custodial sanctions andmeasures. A separate report3is produced on these categories of penal populations supervised in

community.

Both reports have the common goal of ensuring as much as possible the collection, analyses andinterpretationofreliabledatathroughacommonmethodology.Inparticular,thequestionnairesusedfor

the collection of the data were designed to allow the maximum comparability between Prison

administrationsandProbationagencies,aswellasamongMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEurope(CoE).

For writing this report, national raw data and comments were collected by means of the standard

questionnaire,whichwasansweredbycorrespondentsineachCoEMemberState.Generally,thenational

correspondentsinchargeofcollecting,explainingandvalidatingtherawdataarerepresentativesofthe

PrisonAdministrations.

Since2004, theSPACEquestionnairesare regularly improvedon thebasisofpreviousexperiencesand

accordingtotheassessmentsmadebyexternalpeerreviewersandCoErecommendations.SPACEI2014

questionnaire corresponds to the methodological requirements adopted for the present survey and

ensuresasfaraspossiblethecomparisonwiththehistoricalSPACEIseries,startedin1983.

Themodificationsmadesince2004allowabettervisibilityofthecategoriesincludedbyeachcountryin

theirstatistics.The largeamountofdetails iscollectedthroughthemetadata4comprisingnationalrules

applied forproducingprisonstatistics.Theanswers to thesequestions–presentedmainly inTable1.1–

1MarceloF.Aebi,Professor,MélanieM.Tiago,ResearcherandChristineBurkhardt,Researcher:SchoolofCriminalSciences:CriminologyandPenalLaw,UniversityofLausanne,Switzerland2WebsiteoftheSPACEProject:www.unil.ch/space

3Aebi,M.F.&Chopin,J.(2015).SPACEII–CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:Personsservingnon-custodialsanctionsandmeasures.Survey2014.Strasbourg:CouncilofEurope 4Metadatacorrespondtothecategoriesofinformationthatdescribeandexplainthestatisticaldata.InSPACEreportsthemetadataarepresentedasconstitutivesubcategoriesofthelargervariables(e.g.totalprisonpopulation),aswellastheguidelinesappliedwhilethe

dataarecollected(e.g.specialdefinitionsofthecategoriesofoffences,ofthelengthsofsentencesimposed,theapplicationofthemain

offence rule).Moreover, the larger understanding ofmetadata bring through the comments the clarifications related to the national

classifications,legislationsandotherframeworkdecisionslikelytohaveinfluencedthecategoriesofprisonpopulations.



suggest that cross-national comparisons of prison populations must be conducted cautiously as the

categories included in the total number of inmates vary from country to country. The same is true for

comparisonsofprisonmortality(seeTable13&13.2)and,morespecifically,ofsuicidesoccurredinpenalinstitutions(seeTable13.1).

SPACEWEBSITE Aside from the data presented in this report, the Website of the SPACE project

provides some other useful information on custodial and non-custodial activities

acrossEurope(e.g.recidivismstudies,useful linksandaddresses inregardwiththe

PrisonandProbationadministrations).

Atthemomentofpublicationofthisreport,ontheSPACEWebsitearepresentedthemostrecentdataon

thenumberofinmates,theprisondensityandtheprisonpopulationratesavailableon1stJanuary2015.

PROJECTDEADLINES ConcerningthedeadlinesoftheSPACEI2014survey,itshouldbestatedthatthedata

collectionstartedmid-June2015,whenallPrisonAdministrationsoftheCoEMember

Statesreceivedthequestionnaire.Thedeadlineforthedata-collectionwasseton15th

July2015.Atthisdate,only13countriesansweredthequestionnaire.

Two additional extensions of the initial deadline were allowed. The data collection lasted until 20th

October2015. Inthemeantime,34ofrespondingadministrationswerecontactedwithdiverserequests

relatedtothedata-validation.



0.2 General notes Figuresonprisonpopulation(stock)aswellasonstaffemployedbyprisonadministrationsrelateto1stSeptember2014;whilethenumberofentries/releasesinto/frompenalinstitutions(flow),totalnumberofdaysspent in these institutions,and incidents thatoccurredduring theyear (i.e.escapes,deathsand

suicides)relatetothewholeyear2013.

Whendataon1stSeptember2014werenotavailable, theMemberStateswereasked touse theclosest

possibledateofreference.TheexceptionsareexpresslystatedinthenotestotheTablesconcerned.

Theforty-sevenMemberStatesoftheCouncilofEuropein2014countedfifty-twoPrisonAdministrationsundertheircontrol.

Fifty(96%)ofallPrisonAdministrationsansweredtheSPACEI2014Questionnaire

Two Prison Administrations from Bosnia and Herzegovina did not answer the survey despite several

reminders:

ü BH:BosniaandHerzegovina(Federation)

ü BH:BosniaandHerzegovina(Satelevel)

Datawere not available for the following geopolitical entities: Crimea, Transdniestria, Abkhazia, South

Ossetia,Nagorno-KarabakhandthedependenciesinEurope,i.e.FaroeIsland,Gibraltar,Guernsey,Isleof

Man,Jersey.

Datanotincluded:Belarus(notaCoEmember),northernpartofCyprusandKosovo.

For the northern part of Cyprus and Kosovo, some figures are available and shown for information

(althougthdatawerenotcollectedbySPACEteam).

Themajorityof thecountriesansweredthequestionnairebeyondthedeadline(the initialdeadlinewas

seton15th July2015).Moreover,somecountriesdelayedthesupplyof theirresponsesuntilSeptember

2015.LastthreequestionnairesweresentduringOctober2015.

At the same time, for some of the countries that answered the questionnaire on time, the validation

process(seeDataValidationProcedure)tookseveralmonths.

Finally, for a few countries (and in particular for some specific figures) the data validation procedure

couldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets.Asmallpart of the figures which seemed to be totally unreliable were excluded from the present report, but areavailableinthedatabaseandcanbeprovidedonrequest.

SomefiguresareavailableontheBiHreportApril

2015to theHumanRightsCouncil.Therefore,the

figureswillbepresented for your informationon

the comments section. However, these datawere

notused for thecalculationsofEuropeanaverage

andmedianvalues.



0.3 Main modifications made in the latest SPACE I surveys (2008-14)

Prisonpopulation

• NewoffenseshavebeenaddedintheSPACEI2014questionnaire.• NewitemonprivatefacilitieswasaddedintheSPACEI2011questionnaire.• Anitemhasbeenaddedinordertomeasurethenumberofpersonsundersecuritymeasuresandthoseservingpreventivedetentionfordangerousoffenders(SPACEI2011).

• Regarding the legal status of prisoners, two additional subcategories have been included: persons detainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobationandpersonsdetainedasaconsequenceoftheconversionofa[ine([inedefaulters).ThisitemwaslirstusedintheSPACEI2009.

• The following categories of offences have been added in the SPACE I 2009 questionnaire: economic and[inancialoffences,terrorismandorganisedcrime.

• Under the category of juvenile offenders held in special institutions, an additional item (introduced in theSPACEI2009)allowsgettinginformationonthenumberofthepersonsaged18andover.

• UntilSPACEI2009,onlygeneralquestionsonforeign inmateswereasked. IntheSPACEI2010,an itemonforeignprisonerswhoarecitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnionhasbeenadded.

• Anitemonthenumberofjuvenileforeigninmates(agedlessthan18)wasaddedsinceSPACEI2012.• SincetheSPACEI2010,thequestionnaireallowsadistinctionbetweenmaleandfemalemortalityincustody.

Conditions&Metadata

• Regarding the category of institutions foreseen for detention before trial, in the SPACE I 2013 the moreextensivedelinitionwassetupallowingamorereliableunderstandingofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial.

• SincetheSPACEI2010andrevisedin2011,anewbreakdownbycategorieswasdesignedforthecapacityofpenal institutions.Morereliable informationhasbeencollectedon institutions forpre-trialdetention,places

forpersonsservingcustodialsentencesandforjuvenileoffenders,andplacesinothertypesofinstitutionsfor

thedetentionofinmates.

• In formerSPACEquestionnaires -before theSPACEI2008- therewasaslightdifferencebetweentheFrenchand the English delinitions of assault and battery.While the English version referred toassault, the Frenchversionreferredtoassaultandbattery(coupsetblessuresvolontaires).Thisproblemhasbeensolvedandbothversionsrefernowtoassaultandbattery.

• Former SPACE questionnaires -before the SPACE I 2008- referred to rape, but an analysis of the answersreceived suggested that some countries were including other sexual offences under that heading. As a

consequence,sexualoffenceshavebeendividedintwocategories:rapeandothertypesofsexualoffences.

• Inordertoavoidasfaraspossiblethemisinterpretationoftheligures,specialattentionhasbeengiventothecodesusedtoanswerthequestionswhennodatawereavailable(i.e.NA,NAP).

Custodialevents

• NewitemsondeathsonthepenalinstitutionhavebeenintheSPACEI2014questionnaire.• Since the SPACE I 2011and2012, the former itemon thenumberof deathswas slightly improved: speciliccategorieson thecausesofdeathhavebeenused (homicides, accidents,drug/alcohol intoxications, suicides,

othercauses).

• InthequestionnairesSPACEI2010,2011and2012,someclarilicationswereintroducedinthedelinitionsofotheritems,suchasthecountingunitsusedineachcountryandthedateofreferencefortheinformation.

• SincetheSPACEI2008,thecategoryofentriestopenalinstitutionshasbeencompletedwithseveralfollowupquestionsinordertodistinguishtransfersfromtherestoftheentries.IntheSPACEI2010,thisitemwasfully

revisedandallowstakingintoaccountinternationaltranfers.

• In the SPACE I 2010, an item with 5 sub-categories has been designed in order to collect information onreleasesfrompenalinstitutions(includingconditionalreleasesandexternalplacements).

Prisonpolicies

• The itemforeseen for the informationon thechanges innationalprisonpoliciesandon theevents thatmayhavehadaninlluenceonthenumberofinmateswasdividedinseveralcategoriesandallowsamorereliable

comparisonamongcountries(sincetheSPACEI2008questionnaire).

• Since theSPACEI2010,specialattentionwasgivento the issueof theageofcriminalresponsibilityandtheminimalagefortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures.



Explanatory notes to the Report INBRIEF… The present report includes global indicators of the prison populations on 1st

September2014(PartA)aswellasdataontheflowofentries,flowofreleases,lengthofimprisonment,escapesanddeathsincustodyforthewholeyear2013(PartB).Onechapter (PartC) dealswith the personnel employed by the Prison Administrationsandthosewhoworkinsidepenalinstitutions.

In order to ensure asmuch as possible the comparability across countries, some figures are presented

onlyas therawdata in the tables.Therefore, figures thatdidnotseemto fit thedefinitionsused in thequestionnairewerenotintegratedinthetableswithcalculationsofratesandpercentages.

1. Global Indicators of Prison Populations on 1st September 2014

Thesituationofprisonpopulationsonagivendateof theyear(stockstatistics) isset inTables1to7.3.Thenumberof inmatesvariesover timeunder the influenceof thenumberofentries intoandreleases

frompenalinstitutionsandthelengthofthestaysintheseinstitutions.

Table1:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014

(a) Total number of inmates (including pre-trial detainees). This indicator is commonly known asprison stock. Usually, in the total number of inmates are included the standard categories ofinmates,suchaspersonsheldinsidepenalinstitutionsatagivendateand,morespecifically,pre-

trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners.Sometimescountriesincludeaswell juvenileoffenders.

Nevertheless, it becomes common to observe inside prison stock the following categories:

personsunderpenal (therapeutic)measures, personsheld inprivate facilities, or thoseheld in

open penal institutions. Moreover, in prison stock may also be included inmates detained for

administrativereasons,undersecuritymeasure,recalledfromprobation,fine-defaulters,etc.

(b) Prison population rate5per 100 000 inhabitants corresponds to the ratio of the number ofinmates (including pre-trial detainees) per 100 000 population of each country, as of 1st

September2014.Takingintoaccountthattheinformationonthepopulationsofthecountriesis

availableon1stJanuaryofeachyear,thefiguresusedforthecalculationsarerespectivelyon1st

January 2014 for the total population of the countries and 1st September 2014 for the prison

population.

(c) Capacity of penal institutions: number of places available in penal institutions for theaccommodationoftheinmates.Areexcludedfromthecalculationofthecapacityallspacesthat

primary were designed for other needs than the proper accommodation of the inmates (e.g.

storageplaces,classrooms,corridors,showerrooms).

(d) Surface area per inmate (calculated in squaremeters). This indicator corresponds to the legalstandardapplicableineachCoEMemberState.Accordingtolegalprovisions,eachinmateshould

disposeof individual area inside the cell, excluding commonplaces suchas showerenclosures,

WC,sportareas,classroomsandothercommonspacesinsideapenalinstitution.

(e) Prison density per 100 places of the regular capacity. This indicator corresponds to the ratiobetweenthenumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)andthenumberofplacesavailable

in penal institutions. Generally, the indicator of prison density is used for assessment of

5This indicator is sometimes referred to as detention rate, or prisoner rate, or imprisonment rate, but these terms are ambiguous.ThereforetheCouncilofEuropehasadoptedthetermprisonpopulationrate.



overcrowding.

Table1.1:Categoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners

TABLE1.1:METADATA

ü Table1.1showsthatthecategoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonersvary

fromcountrytocountry.

ü As a consequence, international comparisons of prison population rates, as the

onesperformedinTable1,cannotberegardedasunproblematic.

ü ThismethodologicalissuemustbekeptinmindwhenusingdatafromTable1and

similarTables.

ThegoalofTable1.1 istoclarifythecategoriesofpersonsincludedinthecalculationofthetotalprisonpopulationheld indifferent typesofpenal institutions.ThisTable includes theanswersYes,No orNAP[notapplicable]tothequestion:

Doesthetotalnumberofinmatesincludethefollowingcategories?

A. Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitutionsbeforetrial6

B. Personsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2.1)Ifthepersonsheldincustodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(2)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare18yearsandover

C. Personsplacedineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(3.1)Ifthepersonsheldineducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders(3)arecounted,howmanyamongthemare18yearsandover

D. Personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutions

E. Personswithpsychiatricdisordersheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenal

institutions

F. Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

(6.1)Ifthesepersonsarecounted(6),howmanyofthemareheldincentres/sectionsespeciallydesignatedforthistypeofdetention

G. Personsheld in private facilities (e.g. private prisons, detention centres, establishments for the

application of certain penal measures [e.g. centres for the treatment of psychiatric disorders,

centresforthetreatmentofaddictionsetc.])

H. Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoring

6Underthisitemareincludedpersonsheldininstitutionsotherthantheregularpenalfacilities.Inparticular,theseinstitutionsmaybe

police stations, temporarydetention centres forpersonsmakingat thedisposal to the judicial authorities (e.g. izoljatorvremennogo

soderzhanija [RUS, UKR etc.], pomeshhenie funkcionirujushhee v rezhime sledstvennogo izoljatora [RUS], investigative detention

facilities[BGR],andborderpolice/borderguards’cells)oranyothersimilarinstitution.



Table1.2:Capacityofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014(bycategories)

(1) Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutions

a. Surfaceareaperprisoner(m2/inmate)

(2) Capacityofremandinstitutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences

a. Capacityofremandinstitutions/sections(“pre-trials”)

b. Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence

(3) Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders

(4) Capacityofothertypesofinstitutions

Table1.3:Situationofpenalinstitutionson1stSeptember2014:adjustedfigures

In thisTable, figures fromTable1 areadjustedaccording to the informationprovided inTable1.1.Theadjustment consists in excluding –whenever possible– all the categories of Table 1.1 from the totalnumberof inmates,andrecalculatingtherateof inmatesheldinpenalinstitutions foradultoffendersper100 000 inhabitants. The figures included in this Table are comparable estimates; nevertheless, these

figuresshouldnotbeconsideredasofficialnationaldata.

Table1.4: Situationofpenal institutionson1st September2014bydecreasingprisonpopulationrates(non-adjustedversusadjustedfigures)

InthisTable,countriesareclassifiedinadecreasingorderaccordingtotheirprisonpopulationratesper

100000inhabitantson1stSeptember2014.

ü On the left-hand side of the Table, they are classified according to the non-adjusted (official)

figures,and

ü ontheright-handsidetheyareclassifiedaccordingto theadjusted(calculated) figures(seethe

explanationtoTable1.3).

ü Thelastcolumninformsaboutthedifference inpercentagebetweenadjustedandnon-adjusted

figures.Inordertoensureanappropriatereadingofthistableparticularattentionshouldbepaid

totheexplanatorynotesofTables1and1.1.

Table1.5:Evolutionofprisonpopulationsbetween2005and2014

This Table presents the total number of prisoners (including pre-trial detainees) and the prison

population rate per 100 000 inhabitants on 1st September of each year from 2005 to 2014. Data are

retrieved from the relevant SPACE I reports. TheTable indicates also the evolution (in percentages) of

prisonpopulationratesbetween2005and2014aswellasbetween2013and2014.

Table1.6:Year-to-Yearpercentagechangeofprisonpopulationratesbetween2013and2014

This Table shows the evolution of prison population rates between 2013 and 2014. Countries are

classifiedinthreecategoriesaccordingtotheincrease,stabilityordecreaseoftheirprisonpopulationratesbetween1stSeptember2013and1stSeptember2014:

Increaseofmorethan5% Between–5%and+5%

Decreaseofmorethan5%

Table2:Ageandcriminalresponsibility

(a) Ageofcriminalresponsibility:startingfromthisage,juvenilesareconsideredasoldenoughtoberecognised as responsible for criminal offences perpetrated and to be tried under a criminal

justicesystemwhichisspecifictothem;



(b) Minimalage for theapplicationof custodial sanctionsandmeasures: starting from this age, it ispossibletosentenceajuveniletocustodyortoeducationmeasuresinclosedpenalinstitutions;

(c) Ageofcriminalmajority:startingfromthisagethepersonshouldbetriedundercriminaljusticesystemforadultsanddonotbenefitofnospecialconditionofjuvenile.

Table2.1:Minorsandpersonsaged18andoveron1stSeptember2014

InthisTableareincludedrawdataandcalculatedpercentagesofinmatesunder18yearsofage.Normally,

inthesefiguresarealsoincludedpre-trialdetainees.

ü Totalnumberofminorinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

b. Custodialversuseducationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

ü Numberofminorinmates

o Numberand%offemaleminors

o Numberand%ofmaleminors

Table2.3:MedianandAverageagesoftheprisonpopulationon1stSeptember2014

ThistableincludesthemedianandaveragevaluescalculatedbynationalPrisonAdministrations.

One additional graph (Figure 2) completes the table with the distribution of the countries with theyoungestprisonpopulations(thedistributionisbasedonthemedianvalues).

Table3.A:Femaleinmateson1stSeptember2014

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonfemaleprisoners:

(1) Totalnumberandpercentageoffemaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

(2) Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;

(3) Foreignfemaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates;

(4) Juvenilefemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.

Table3.B:Maleinmateson1stSeptember2014

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonmaleprisoners:

ü Totalnumberandpercentageofmaleinmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

ü Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;

ü Foreignmaleinmates:numberandpercentageinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates;

ü Juvenilemalesagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage.

Table4:Foreigninmateson1stSeptember2014

InthisTablearepresentedrawdataandpercentagesonforeignprisoners:

(a) Totalnumberandpercentageofforeigninmatesinthetotalprisonpopulation;

(b) Pre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentageofpre-trialsinthetotalnumberofforeigninmates;

(c) ForeigninmatescitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:numberandpercentage;

(d) Minorforeignersagedlessthan18:numberandpercentage;

(e) Inmatesforwhichthenationalityisunknown.

Table5:Legalstatusofprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2014(numbers)

ü Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionreachedyet);



ü Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotreceivedasentenceyet;

ü Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitsfordoingso;

ü Detaineeswhohavenot receiveda final sentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservinga custodial

sentenceinadvance;

ü Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence)–Including:

a. Personsdetainedasaconsequenceoftheconversionofafine(finedefaulters)

b. Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;

ü Othercases.

Table5.1:Dangerousoffendersplacedundersecuritymeasureson1stSeptember2014(numbersandpercentages)

ThisTableconcernsprisonersplacedunderspecialpenalmeasures.Theseinmatesareusuallydefinedas

dangerousoffenders. Themeasures applied to themmay takedifferentnames such as securitymeasure,securepreventiondetentionorpreventivesupervision.

RECOMMENDATIONCM/REC(2014)31(STRASBOURG,19FEBRUARY2014)7

Adangerousoffenderisapersonwhohasbeenconvictedofaveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimeagainstpersonsandwhopresentsahighlikelihoodofre-offending

withfurtherveryserioussexualorveryseriousviolentcrimesagainstpersons.

Treatment includes,but isnot limitedto,medical,psychologicaland/orsocialcarefortherapeutic purposes. It may serve to reduce the risk posed by the person and mayincludemeasurestoimprovethesocialdimensionoftheoffender’slife.

Secure preventive detention means detention imposed by the judicial authority on aperson,tobeservedduringorafterthefixedtermofimprisonmentinaccordancewith

itsnational law. It isnot imposedmerelybecauseofanoffencecommitted inthepast,butalsoonthebasisofanassessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.

Preventive supervision means measures of control, monitoring, surveillance orrestrictionofmovementimposedonapersonafterheorshehascommittedacrimeandafter he or she has served a prison sentence or instead of. It is not imposed merely

because of an offence commit ted in the past, but also on the basis of an assessmentrevealingthatheorshemaycommitotherveryseriousoffencesinthefuture.

Each Member State has its own legislation concerning the special requirements and conditions for

institutional placement/imprisonment of this category of offenders. Yet, only the following comparable

categorieshavebeenincludedinthisTable:

(a) Totalnumberofpersonsundersecuritymeasures/preventivedetentionfordangerousoffenders.Ofwhich:

a. Personsconsideredasnotcriminallyresponsiblebythecourt;

b. Personsconsideredastotallyorpartiallycriminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced.

Table 6 (numbers) & Table 6.1 (percentages): Main offences of final sentenced prisoners on 1stSeptember2014

Tables 6 and 6.1 present the breakdownof prisonerswith final sentence− those under heading (e) of

Table5−accordingtothemainoffenceforwhichtheywereconvicted.

Inspiteofeffort tokeepSPACEcategoriesas largeaspossible,oneshouldbear inmindthe fact that in

7PartI–Definitionsandbasicprinciples:http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardsetting/cdpc/PC-GR-DD/Recomm%202014_3_E_final.pdf



some countries themain offence rule is not defined. Therefore, data from these countries (mostly the

breakdown percentages) are not fully comparable with data from the ones that apply this rule. The

followingbreakdownisused:

(a) Homicide(includingattempts) (b) Drugoffences(c) Assaultandbattery (d) Terrorism(e) Rape (f) Organisedcrime(g) Othertypesofsexualoffences (h) Cybercrime(i) Robbery (j) Otheroffences(k) Othertypesoftheft (l) Total(m) Economicandfinancialoffences

Table 7 (numbers) & Table 7.1 (percentages): Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014

Tables 7 and 7.1 present the breakdownof prisonerswith final sentence− those under heading (e) of

Table5−accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

(a) Lessthanonemonth (b) Fromtenyearstolessthantwentyyears(c) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths (d) Twentyyearsandover(e) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths (f) Lifeimprisonment(g) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear (h) Securitymeasures(dangerousoffenders)(i) Fromoneyeartolessthanthreeyears (j) Sentencetodeath(k) Fromthreeyearstolessthanfiveyears (l) Othercases(m) Fromfiveyearstolessthantenyears (n) Total

Table 7.2: Lengths of sentences imposed (final sentenced prisoners) on 1st September 2014(cumulativepercentages)

ThisTablepresentsthebreakdown,expressedincumulativepercentages,ofprisonerswithfinalsentence

−thoseunderheading(e)ofTable5−accordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem:

a) Prisonerssentencedtolessthanoneyearb) Prisonerssentencedtoanyfixed-termsentences

(all)

c) Prisonerssentencedtooneyearandover d) Prisonerssentencedtolifeimprisonment

e) Prisonerssentencedtothreeyearsandoverf) Prisonersundersecuritymeasuresand/or

underotherformsofimprisonment

g) Prisonerssentencedtofiveyearsandover h) Prisonerssentencedtodeath

i) Prisonerssentencedtotenyearsandover j) Total

Table7.3:Lengthsoflessthanoneyearofthesentencesimposed(finalsentencedprisoners)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)

This Table presents the breakdown, expressed in percentages, of prisoners sentenced to less than one

yearaccordingtothelengthofthesentenceimposedonthem.Thefollowingbreakdownisused:

a) Lessthanonemonth b) Fromthreemonthstolessthansixmonths

c) Fromonemonthtolessthanthreemonths d) Fromsixmonthstolessthanoneyear

One additional graph (Figure 3) provides a comparative view of the highest percentages of prisoners

sentencedtolessthanoneyear.ThefigureisbasedonthefiguresincludedinTables7.2and7.3.



2. Prison Movements during 2013 Tables8 to14 show themain indicatorsofprisonmovementsoccurringduringone referenceyear.All

information in the PartB of the report refers to a whole calendar year, from 1st January 2013 to 31stDecember2013:

(1) numberofentriesintoandreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsduringareferenceyear(flowstatistics),

(2) thelengthofimprisonment,

(3) numberofescapes,and

(4) deathsinpenalinstitutions.

Table8:Flowofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2013

(1) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2013correspondstotheindicatorbetterknownasflowofentries;

(2) Rateofentries topenal institutionsper100000 inhabitants: thenumberofentries in2013, inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;

(3) Entriesbeforefinalsentence:numbersandpercentages;

(4) Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:numbersandpercentages;

(5) Entries following transfer from a foreign country to the country concerned (numbers andpercentages)

• Entries following transfer fromaMemberStateof theEuropeanUnion to thecountryconcerned

(numbersandpercentages).

ENTRY(DEFINITION) THETERM"ENTRY"REFERSTOALLENTRIESINTOPENALINSTITUTIONS,EXCEPTINTHEFOLLOWINGSITUATIONS:

ü Entryfollowingtransferfromonepenalinstitutiontoanother;

ü Entryfollowingtheprisoner’sremovalfromtheinstitutioninordertoappearbeforeajudicial

authority(investigatingjudge,trialcourt,etc.);

ü Entryfollowingprisonleaveoraperiodofauthorisedabsence;

ü Entryfollowinganescape,afterre-arrestbythepolice.

ü Onlyentriesofuntrieddetainees(notyetconvicted),prisonersconvictedbutnotyetsentenced,

orsentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorthosewhoarewithinthestatutorytimelimittodo

soarerecordedunderheading(c)ofTable8.

ü Therefore, this figure constitutes a subset of the entries recorded under heading (a).

Consequently,entriesintopre-trialdetentionareincluded.

Figuresrelatetothenumberofevents(entries)andnottothenumberofindividuals.Thesameindividual

may enter prison several times in the same year for the same case. This applies, for instance, to an

individualwho is placed in pre-trial detention during yearN (first entry), released by the prosecutionauthoritiesatthepre-trialinvestigationstage,triedwithoutbeingre-detained,convictedandsentencedto

a termof imprisonmentexceedingtheperiodofpre-trialdetention,andre-imprisonedduringthesame

yearNtoservetheremainderofthesentence(secondentry).Afortiori,thesameindividualmightenterprisonseveraltimesinthesameyearfordifferentcases.

Table9:Flowofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsin2013

(1) Totalnumberofreleases(flowofreleases);

(1) Rateofreleasesfrompenalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants:thenumberofreleasesin2013,inrelationtotheaveragenumberofinhabitantsduringthesameperiod;



(2) Releasesofpre-trialdetainees:numberandpercentage;

(3) Releasesoffinalsentencedprisoners:numberandpercentage.Ofwhich:

• Releases as a result of a release under condition (including conditional releases and external

placementunderElectronicMonitoringorprobation)

• Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

(4) Othertypesofreleases8

Table10:Turnoverratioofinmatesin2013

TURNOVERRATIO(DEFINITION)

The turnover ratio (estimated exit rate per 100 potential exits) is defined in thepresentreportastheratiobetweenthenumberofprisonersreleasedduringtheyear

2013andthenumberofprisonersheld inprisonduringthatwholeyear.The latter

canbeestimatedbyaddingthenumberofpersonsheldinpenalinstitutionson31st

December 2012 (stock) and the number of persons that entered into penal

institutions during the year 2013 (flow of entries). However, as stock data on 31stDecember2012arenotavailable,thenumberofprisonersheldinpenalinstitutions

on1stSeptember2012hasbeenusedasaproxy.

Thisratiomeasurestheprisonpopulationturnover.Ahighrateimpliesafastturnover,whilealowrate

impliesaslowturnover.TheTurnoverRatio(TR)iscalculatedasfollows:

TURNOVERRATIO(FORMULA)

!" = ! (!,!) ×100

Where:

ü Risthenumberofreleasesduringthe2013year,

ü Sisthenumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2012(takenfromtheSPACEI2012),and

ü Eisthenumberofentriesintopenalinstitutionsduringtheyear2013.

ü Theturnoverratioisexpressedper100prisoners.

Anadditionalgraph(Figure4)hasbeenincludedwiththelowestvaluesoftheexitrate(countrieswithaslowturnoveroftheprisonpopulation).

Table11.A:Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonmentin2013,basedonthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions

(a) Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2013;

(b) Averagenumberofinmatesin2013:b=(a)/365;

(c) Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2013(flowofentries)=heading(a)ofTable8;

(d) Indicator of average length of imprisonment [IALI] expressed in months (D): quotient of theaveragenumberofprisonersin2013(P)bytheflowofentriesduringthatperiod(E),multipliedby12(months):

IALI(FORMULA) ! = ! ! ×12

(e) Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2013;

8Inthecategory“Otherformsofreleases”generallyarealsoincludedthefollowingsituations:deaths,releases/discharges/relatedto

healthreasons(includingtransferstocommunityhospitalsthatleadtothefulldischargefromservingtherestofthecustodialsentence),

expulsionstothecountriesoforigin,escapesleadingtoliftingthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”,oranyotherformofreleaselikelytolead

toliftingofthestatusof“inmate/prisoner”.



(f) Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trialdetentionin2013:(f)=(e)/365;

(g) Numberofentriesbeforefinalsentencein2013;

(h) Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre-trialdetention(calculatedonthebasisofthesameformulaastheindicatorunderheading(d)).

The figureunderheading (a) corresponds to the totalnumberofdays spent inpenal institutionsbyall

persons placed in detention for at least one day during the reference year (2013). Thismight be time

spent inpre-trialdetentionor timespentservingaprisonsentence,ormightevencorrespond toother

circumstances(detentionforfailuretopayafine,forinstance).Nodistinctionismadeherebetweenthose

categories.

By dividing the number of days of imprisonment by 365 (366 in leap years)we obtained the "average

numberofprisoners in theyear"or thenumberof "prisoner-years" (b),whichconstitutesprobably the

bestpossibleindicatoroftheaveragenumberofprisonerspresentintheyear.

Table11.B: Indicator of average length of imprisonment in 2013, based on the total number ofinmates(stock)on1stSeptember2013

Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataregardingthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin

2013−heading (a) of Table 11.1− and others provided figures that did not seem reliable (seeNotes to

Table11.1),wehaveaddedTable11.2.InthisTable,theindicatoroftheaveragelengthofimprisonmenthasbeencalculatedbyusingthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2013(source:SPACEI2013

report)insteadofthetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutions.

SOURCEOFDATA RawdatausedfortheTables10,11.1&11.2areusuallypreparedbythedepartments

responsibleforprisonbudgets.Thesefiguresmayalsobeusedforthecalculationsof

theaveragedailycostofimprisonment.

Table12:Escapesfrompenalinstitutionsduring2013

TheTableincludestwotypesofescapes:

ü Escapesby inmates (convictedprisonersorpre-trialdetaineesunder the supervisionof theprisonadministration)fromaclosedpenal institutionorduringanadministrativetransfer (for example,

toorfromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital).

IntheSPACEIquestionnaireusedforthissurveyitisclearlyindicatedthatthecountingunitistheperson.In the event of a group breakout, the number of escapes is equal to the number of inmates involved.

Relatingthenumberofescapes(a)tothetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2013(S)–usedhereasanestimateoftheaveragenumberofprisoners–weobtaintherateofescapesper10,000prisoners(REs):

RATEOFESCAPES(FORMULA)

!"# = 10 000× ! !

ü Other formsofescape (abscondingorrunningoff): Examples are escapes fromopen institutions(such as work farms) or from semi-detention, and escapes during an authorised short-term

absence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutions(includingclosedinstitutions).

Wehavenotcalculatedtheratesfortheseformsofescapes;assuchcalculationswouldleadtomisleading

interpretations.Theratioofotherformsofescapesshouldbereportedtotheaveragenumberofinmates

placedinopeninstitutions;yet,thesefiguresarenotcollatedasaseparatecategoryintheSPACEsurveys.



Table13:Deathsinpenalinstitutionsin2013(bytypeofregistereddeath)

(a) Totalnumberofdetaineeswhodiedinpenalinstitutions,ofwhich:

ü Numberofpre-trialdetainees

ü Numberoffemales

ü Typeofdeath

c.1Homicides

c.2Accidents

c.4Drug/alcoholintoxications

c.5Suicides(ofwhichnumberoffemales,numberofpre-trialdetainees)

c.6Othercauses(incl.illness)

(b) Mortalityrateper10000inmates

Bydividingthetotalnumberofdeaths(a)bythenumberofinmateson1stSeptember2013(S)(usedhereasanestimateof theaveragenumberofprisoners),provided in theSPACE I2013report,weobtain thefollowing:

MORTALITYRATE

(FORMULA)!" = 10 000× ! !

Table13.1:Suicidesinpenalinstitutionsin2013

In this table are presentedpercentages of suicides in the total number of deaths aswell as the part of

femaleswhocommittedsuicide in thetotalnumberofsuicidesregistered.Moreover, therateofsuicide

per10000inmatesisincludedinTable13.2.

SUICIDERATE(FORMULA) !" = 10 000× !. 4[T13.1]

!

Table13.2:TypesofdeathsandsuicidesincludedinTables13.1and13.2

The goal of this Table is to clarifywhich types of deaths are being counted in each country. TheTable

includestheanswersYesorNotothefollowingquestions:

(a) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideincommunityhospitals?

(b) Doesdataincludeinmateswhodiedorcommittedsuicideoutsideprison(duringaprisonleaveoraperiodofabsencebypermission)?

ForeachcategoryofdeathsincludedinthisTable,separatefiguresonfemaleinmateshavebeenprovided.

Table14:Averageexpensesperdayofdetentionofonepersonin2013(inEuros)

Thefigures includedinthisTableshouldallowcomparisonsofthecostsofdetentionacrossEurope.No

rigorousdefinitionhasbeenusedinthequestionnaire;thereforenationalparticularities(e.g.thewayin

which costsare calculated)are indicated in thenotes to theTable.Figures innational currenciesother

thanEurohavebeenconvertedinEuros.ThecategoriesincludedinthisTablearethefollowing:

ü TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationsin2013

ü Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2013,ofwhich:

o Inpre-trialdetention;

o Incorrectionalfacility;

o Inspecialfacilities/sectionsforpersonswithpsychiatricdisorders;

o Ininstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.



Table14.A:Categoriesincludedinthecalculationofcustodialexpensesin2013,inTable14

This table present the categories included/excluded while calculating the average amounts shown in

Table14:

ü Security

ü Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.)

ü Services (incl. maintenance, utilities, maintenance of inmate records, reception, assignment,

transportation,etc.)

ü Administration(excl.extra-institutionalexpenditures)

ü Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.)

ü Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,

etc.)

ü Othercosts.



3. Prison Staff PartCoftheSurveyincludesfiguresrelatedtopersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsor,moregenerally,in

thepenitentiarysystem.TheSurveymakesadistinctionbetweenstaffworkingunderthecontrolof the

NationalPrisonAdministrationsandstaffworkingunderthecontrolofanyotherauthority.

DataonthestaffemployedbythePrisonadministrationsarepresentedwithoutdistinctionbetweenfull-

timeandpart-timestaff.

Full-timeequivalents(FTE)havebeenusedasthecountingunitforthesetables

Tables 15 (numbers) & 15.1 (percentages): Staff working in penal institutions (FTE) on 1stSeptember2014

FTE(DEFINITION) Respondentswereaskedtocalculatethenumberofstaffworkingparttimeonthe

basisof"full-timeequivalents"(FTE).Thismeansthatwhentwopeopleworkhalfthestandardnumberofhours,theycountforoneFTE.Onehalf-timeworker

shouldcountfor0.5ofaFTE.

Table15.2:StaffworkingINSIDEpenalinstitutions(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(percentages)

Tables15to15.2presentthesituationofstaffemployedbyPrisonAdministrationon1stSeptember2014.ThegoaloftheseTablesistocountallstaffemployedbythePrisonAdministrations.

In theseTables are included the following categories: staff at the national prison administration (Head

Office), staff in regional prison administration offices, executives (managers) of penal institutions,

custodialstaff,medicalandparamedicalstaff,staffresponsibleforassessmentandthepsychologists,staff

responsibleforeducationactivities(includingsocialworkers,teachers,educators,etc.),staffresponsible

forworkshopsorvocationaltraining,other.

Respondentswereaskedtoexcludepersonsworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbytheprison

authorities(insomecountries thisapplies todoctors, teachersorperimeterguards).Thesepersonsare

includedinTable16.

Table16:StaffworkinginpenalinstitutionsbutnotemployedbyPrisonAdministration(FTE)on1stSeptember2014(numbersandpercentages)

This Table presents the staff employed by authorities that are not under the control of the Prison

Administration (i.e. staff not employed by the Prison Administration), but who are involved in the

security,treatment,trainingorotheractivitiesdevelopedinpenalinstitutionsthatareundertheauthority

ofprisonadministration.

Insomecountriesthesecategoriesdonotexist.Inothers,doctors,teachersandperimeterguardsmight

sometimesbeemployedbyexternalinstitutionssuchashealthauthorities,departmentsoftheMinistries

ofEducation,InteriororJustice,orprivatesecurity.

Table17:Ratioofinmatespercategoriesofstaffon1stSeptember2014

ü Totalnumberofinmatesat1stSeptember2014:seeTable1.

ü Totalnumberofcustodialstaffat1stSeptember2014:seeTable15.

ü Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonerspercustodian):c=a/b

ü Totalnumberoftreatment,educationstaff,andstaffresponsibleforworkshops.

ü Rateofsupervisionofprisoners(numberofprisonersperotheremployee):e=a/d.



Conventions and Statistical Measures Thereportaims togiveanoverviewof thecustodial situationacrossEurope,not tomix-upallnational

traditionsandpractices ina rigidunrealisticdefinitionofprison. Indeed, this latestapproachwouldbe

scientifically unreliable and could not serve as a tool for the public policies and criminal justice

practitioners.Therefore,inSPACEsurveywearefullyconcernedaboutthequalityofthedataprovided.In

order tominimise anymisinterpretation of figures included here, any user should be aware about the

conventionsusedtoreplaceambiguoussignsandabbreviations.

CONVENTIONSUSED

NAP***

Thequestionisirrelevant;theitemreferstoaconceptnotfoundinthepenalsystemof

thecountryconcerned(Notapplicable).

0 Thenumberis0buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.

NA…

Nofiguresavailable,buttheconceptexistsinthepenalsystemofthecountryconcerned.

(number)

Whenthedataareshowninbracketsthismeansthattheyarenotstrictlycomparable

withthedatarequestedbySPACEIquestionnaire.Forexample,thisappliestoitems

whosedefinitionisnotthesameastheoneusedintheSPACEquestionnaire.Orwhenthe

totalnumberofanalysedfigureislessorequalto10individuals.

Whenthequestionnaireboxisleftblankorasymbolisused,whosemeaningisnot

explicit(forexample"/"or"-"),weleavetheboxblank.

Allcasesofdivergenceandadditionalcommentsprovidedbynationalcorrespondentshavebeengrouped

andexplainedinthenotestotheTables.

MEASURESOFCENTRALTENDENCY

In Tables containing rates or percentages, we have used the following measures to describe the

distributionofthedata:

Mean(Average):thearithmeticmeanistheoutcomeofdividingthesumofthedatasuppliedbythetotalnumberofcountries.Themeanissensitivetoextremevalues(veryhighorverylow).

Median:themedianisthevaluethatdividesthedatasuppliedbythecountriesconcernedintotwoequalgroups so that 50% of the countries are above the median and 50% are below it. The median is not

influencedbyveryhighorverylowvalues.

Minimum:thelowestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.

Maximum:thehighestrecordedvalueinthegivencolumnoftheTable.

Forreasonsofaccuracywehavecalculatedthemeanandmedianvaluesfromtheoriginaldatabase,whichcontainsallthedecimalsnotpresentedinthetables.Readerswhoreworkthecalculationsfromthedatainthetables-whichonlycontainoneortwodecimals-willthereforeobtainslightlydifferentresultsthanours.



Demographic Data

Theratespresentedinthisreporthavebeencalculatedusingdemographicdata(totalpopulationofeach

EuropeancountryonJanuary1st,2014),takenfromtheEurostatDatabase(“Populationon1stJanuarybyageandgender”9).

Exceptions:Forsomecountries, the figuresof thepopulationarenotavailable in theEurostatdatasets(i.e. for2015itwasAndorra,Armenia,andMonaco).Moreover,somenationalcorrespondentsprovided

information for different territorial divisions than the ones used in EUROSTAT demographic data. The

territoriesconcernedandthesourcesusedfortheirdemographicdataarethefollowing:

Andorra:Demographicdatareferto1stJanuary2014.Retrievedfromhttp://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic=&bGrafic=&formules=inici&any1=01/01/2014&any2

=01/01/2014&codi_divisio=8&lang=1&codi_subtemes=8&codi_tema=2&chkserieson10thNovember,2015.

Armenia:Demographicdataretrievedfromthenationalinstituteofstatistics:http://www.armstat.am/file/article/demos_14_3.pdf(retrievedon10thNovember,2015)

BosniaandHerzegovina(RepublikaSrpska):Demographicdataareestimates.Theestimatesaredonefor2014onthebasisofthenaturalchangesofpopulationandmigration(“Demographicstatistics.StatisticalBulletin”no.18,RepublikaSrpskaInstituteofStatistics,BanjaLuka,2015,p.14),availableat:

http://www2.rzs.rs.ba/static/uploads/bilteni/stanovnistvo/Demografski_bilten_18_Drugo_izdanje.pdf(retrievedonNovember10th,

2015).

France:DemographicdataincludestheEuropeanterritoryofFrance(knownastheMetropolitanFrance),theFrenchoverseasdepartments(Guadeloupe,Martinique,GuianaandReunion,knownasDOMorDépartementsd’Outre-mer)aswellasoverseas

communities(FrenchPolynesia,NewCaledonia,Mayotte,Saint-Pierre-and-Miquelon,WallisandFutuna,Saint-MartinandSaint-

Barthélemy).

Monaco:Demographicdataaremid-2014estimates.DataretrievedfromtheWorldDevelopmentIndicatorsdatabaseontheWebsiteoftheWorldBank:http://data.worldbank.org(retrievedonNovember10th,2015).

Serbia:DemographicdataexcludeKosovoandMetohijaterritories.

9http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database (figures retrieved from the database onOctober

20th,2015)



Data Validation Procedure The comparability of the data collected is one of the main concerns and main problems that any

internationalsurveyseektosolve.Therefore,specialattentionisgiveneveryyeartotheimprovementof

datavalidationtechniquessusedinSPACE.

AccordingtotheauthorsoftheEuropeanSourcebookofCrimeandCriminalJusticeStatistics (Strasbourg,CouncilofEurope,1999),"validationisoftenthemostimportant–andinmanycasesthemostforgotten–

stageofthedatacollectionprocess".

Thus, since the2002SPACE I survey,wehave introduceda validationprocedure for thedata received.

Suchproceduresubstantially increasestheworkloadofall the individualsandcountries involved inthe

elaboration of SPACE. It also delays the publication of the data. However, we believe that the results

obtained−inotherwords,theimprovementstothequalityofthedata−justifyitsuse.

ü Aspartofthevalidationprocedure,weproduceapreliminaryversionofSPACEreportandaseriesof

controlTablesthatrevealanumberofinconsistenciesorvisible“outliers”intherawdatareceived

fromnationalcorrespondents.

ü Then, significant differences (generally

annualdiscrepanciesofmorethan10%or

20%dependingonthequalityoftheitem)

arecorrectedbynationalcorrespondents.

ü Insomecases, it is imperativetotranslate

or to provide additional explanations in

ordertoavoidnewerror.

ü Mostof the countries correct their figures

orindicatethereasonsforthedivergences

identified.

Itwasnoticedthatdivergencesaremainlyduetodifferences in the national prison statistics

systems as well as in criminal justice systemsacrossEuropeandare explained in the notes totherelevantTables.

Nevertheless, despite our efforts to identify

errors and the very rigorous methodology

applied for the validation, it is not possible to

guaranteethefullreliabilityofalldataincluded

in this report. Some of figures may still remain “invisible” and others may have been introduced

involuntarily during the data processing. Moreover, it has not always been possible to correct the

inconsistenciesdiscoveredinatotallysatisfactoryway.Inthatcontext,anyreaders'comments,notesor

criticismsarewelcomed.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank all personswhobrought their support, advice, suggestions or knowledge of specific

nationalfeaturesand,therefore,whohavecontributedtotheachievementofthisreport,inparticularall

nationalcorrespondentsineachMemberStateoftheCouncilofEurope.

Aparticular gratitude goes toMrRoyWalmsley for his attentive and critical reading of SPACE reports

during the last 10 years.We are also grateful toMrWalmsley for having sharedwithus somemissing

figuresand,therefore,forcontributingtoincreaseofthequalityofSPACEcomparisons.

Comparability

Cross-

sectionnal

European

delinitions

Attentiontothe

national

peculiarities

Internal

countingrules

Categoriesincl./

excl.

Longitudinal

Verticalcheck

Buildtime-

series

Time-series

mapping

Attentiontothe

signilicant

gaps/jupmsFigure0:SPACEIComparabilityLevels



Statistical Tables



i. Prison Populations: Global indicators on 1st September 2014



Thispartof the reportpresents statisticalTables, explanatorynotesandFigures that cover thegeneral

situationofEuropeanpenalinstitutions.Italsoincludesdataondetentionincustody,includingdifferent

typesofpenalinstitutionsaswellasananalysisoftheevolutionofseveralindicatorsofthepenitentiary

systemsacrossEurope.

A.1.LEGISLATIVEANDOTHERMEASURESWHICHDIRECTLYINFLUENCETRENDSINTHENUMBEROFPRISONERS

ALBANIA1. Changes in criminal law: In attaining the purpose of imprisonment, based on the right of humane

treatmentandrespectforthedignityoftheindividual,andgiventhesocio-legalreasonsofhumanity,social

reintegration, social rehabilitation, positive changes in the lives of prisoners, reaching the European

standardsinthepenitentiarysystem,aswellasthelegitimacyoftheconstitutionalandlegalrightinplaces

ofdetention,withtheproposaloftheMinistryofJusticeandtheGeneralDirectorateofPrisons,thelaw“On

Amnesty provision”, was adopted. The amnesty provision, apart from contributed on direct way in

improvingtheconditionsinthepenitentiaryinstitutions,reducingtheovercrowding,wasconceivedasan

acttorestorethedignityofprisoners.TheimplementationoftheamnestybeganonApril10,2014

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:813;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ANDORRA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

ARMENIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:Amnestyactpronouncedonthe3rdOctober

2013;

3. Amnesties:36;4. Individualpardons:6;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

AUSTRIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:1;4. Individualpardons:65;5. Collectivepardons:18;6. Other:No.

AZERBAIJAN1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:291inmates–TheActofPresidentialPardonfrom14thOctober2013and26thMay

2014.

5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.

BELGIUM1. Changesincriminallaw:NA;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;



6. Other:NA.BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA–REPUBLIKASRPSKA

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: 339 inmates were granted pardon, of which: 10 sentenced inmates, 72 on the

proposalofthepenitentiaryestablishment,and221onthedecisionofthegovernor.

5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other: 1: By means of pardon, specifically designated persons are granted exemption from criminal

prosecution. This person was not exempted from complete the execution of the sentence, however the

sanctionwasreplacedbyalessseverepunishment(afineorasuspendedsentence).

BULGARIA1. Changes in criminal law: complying with international legislation on combating sexual violence and

sexual exploitation ofminors, aswell as child pornography; introducing financing of terrorist activities;

definingmorepreciselyoffencesrelatedtocurrency,valuables,tradeinantiques,etc.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:5;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

CROATIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

CYPRUSGeneralnotes:

ü PrisonpopulationfiguresdonotincludetheareasthatarenotundertheeffectivecontroloftheGovernmentoftheRepublicofCyprus.

ü Stockfiguresinclude539inmatesinthePrisonInstitutionand142inmatesheldinPolicestations.1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

CZECHREPUBLICGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changes in criminal law:ActNo141/2014amendingActNo40/2009andActNo141/1961 (CriminalCode)cameintoforceon1stAugust2014.Thisactamendedthepenalcode,theactoncriminalliabilityof

legalentitiesandproceedingsagainstthem.Itinvolvesmoreprotectionofchildrenfromsexualattacks.It

adjustedCzechcriminallawtotherequirementsensuingfromEuropeanlaw,particularlyfromthelawof

theEuropeanUnion;

2. New legislation concerning certain categories of prisoners: Act No 276/2013 amending Act No293/1993on custodial detention andActNo169/1999on enforcement of custodial sentence came into

effect on 1st January 2014. The amendment provides different ways of placing the accused to remand

prisons,itclarifiesrightsandobligationsofaccusedpersons;itcomplementsthelawonreimbursementsof

healthcareprovidedandspecifiesthecostassociatedwiththecustodialdetention;


DENMARK1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:AmendmentoftheDanishPenalCode(Act



No.733of25thJune2014–dateofcommencement:1stJuly2014):Amendmenttosections38and41ofthe

DanishPenalCode:In2014theabovementionedsectionsoftheDanishPenalCodewereamendedinorder

tomake itpossible todeny inmates thepossibilityof releaseonparoleundercertaincircumstances.The

amendmentsthatenteredintoforceon1July2014havethefollowingmainfeatures:

i. An inmatewill not be eligible for release onparole if he - according to the police – is

affiliated(strongaffiliationisrequired)toagroupofpersonswhoareactivelyinvolved

inanon-goingviolentconflictwithanothergroupofpersons,andifthepolicestatesthat

withinthegroupofpersonswithwhomtheinmateisaffiliated,firearms,explosivesetc.

havebeenusedaspartoftheconflict.

ii. Accordingtotheexplanatorynotesto(Actno.733of25June2014)theamendmentwill

namelyaffectinmateswhoareaffiliatedtostreetormotorcyclegangs;


ESTONIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

FINLANDü Changesincriminallaw:

o New provisions concerning the preconditions, contents, and supervision methods of the

probationary libertyundersupervisionentered into forceon1 January2014.At thesame time,

pharmacotherapy for prisoners sentenced for sexual offences was enabled in order to prevent

newsexualoffences.According to theprovisions, the treatmentcanbesetasaprecondition for

probationarylibertyundersupervision;

o The law amendments to tighten the punishments for sexual offences entered into force on 1

September2014.No;

ü Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;ü Amnesties:0;ü Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardon.ü Collectivepardons:0;ü Other:No.

FRANCEGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changes in criminal law:EnactedonAugust15,2014, the lawon the individualisationof thesanctionsandstrengtheningtheeffectivenessofcriminalsanctionscameintoforceon2stages,onthe1stOctoberfor

the majority of its provisions and on the 1st January 2015 for the remaining provisions. This law was

precededbyanimportantworkofcoordination-astheorganisation,forthefirsttimeinthefieldofjustice,

of a consensus conference – and aims to reform the relapse prevention policy in tort through a more

effectivepunishmentbyadaptingthepenaltytoeachoffender.Amongthedifferentmeasuresadopted,the

followinghaveanimpactontheevolutionofthenumberofdetainees:

a. Removaloftheautomationsrelatedtotherecidivismstatus(Includingtheremovalofminimum

sentences);

b. Creationofanewsanction,thecriminalrestraint(“contraintepénale”),anon-custodialsentencewhichestablishesanindividualisedsocio-educationalsupporttotheconvictedperson;

c. Introduction of the principle that any convicted incarcerated person shall, whenever possible,

benefit of a gradual return to freedom, taking into account thephysical conditions of detention

and theestablishmentoccupationrate,aspartofameasureofparole,workreleases,electronic

monitoring,criminalrestraintandreleaseonbail,topreventreleaseswithoutanyformofjudicial

follow-up;

d. Development of mandatory judicial appointments at the end of the sanction to establish a

progressiveandwell-supportedinstitutionalrelease;

e. Considerationofthestatusofpregnancyover12weeksofconvictedwomentoavoid,whenever

possible,theirincarceration.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;



3. Amnesties:ThelastappliedLawonamnestyisn°2002-1062of6thAugust2002.4. Individualpardons:All individualpardonsbetweenthe1stSeptember3013andthe1stSeptember2014

concernsfines;

5. Collectivepardons:ConstitutionalLawonthemodernisationofthe5thRepublic’sinstitutionsfrom23rdJuly2008 abolished collective pardons. Article 17 of the Constitution from 4th October 1958 was modified.

Nowadays this article foresees the following: “The President of the Republic has the right to grant

individualpardons”.

6. Other:No.GEORGIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changes in criminal law:TheparliamentofGeorgiahasprovedtheLawonAmnestyon29thDecember2013;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:AccordingtothelegislativechangestotheImprisonment Code the new categories of prisoners have been defined. The low risk and high-risk

prisonerswillbeclassifiedbasedonindividualrisksassessments;

3. Amnesties:18inmateswerereleasedfromservingcustodialsentences;8718inmateswerereleasedasaresultoftheapplicationoftheamnesty.

4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collective pardons: There were 793 collective pardons of which 536 where releases from custodial

sentences;

6. Other: 27 compassionate releases issuedby the joint commissionof theMinistryof Corrections and theMinistryofhealth,labourandsocialaffairsofGeorgia:5personswherereleasedbasedonageand22based

onillness.

GERMANYGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stMars2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:ThenumbersofindividualpardonsinGermanyduringthelast12monthsbefore31st

March2014didnot have an influenceon trends in thenumberof prisoners. For example, the collective

pardonsgrantedontheoccasionofChristmas2013didaffectonlyprisonerswhowouldhavebeenreleased

soonanyway57inmatesweregrantedpardon.

5. Collectivepardons:ThenumbersofcollectivepardonsinGermanyduringthelast12monthsbefore31stMarch2014didnot have an influenceon trends in thenumberof prisoners. For example, the collective

pardonsgrantedontheoccasionofChristmas2013didaffectonlyprisonerswhowouldhavebeenreleased

soonanyway;

6. Other:No.GREECE

1. Changesincriminallaw:Law4205/6-11-2013,Art.1-4:Electronicmonitoringondetainees;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

HUNGARY1. Changes in criminal law:Paragraphs95-102ofact.no.CCXLof2013on theexecutionofpunishments,

criminalmeasures,certaincoercivemeasuresandconfinementforadministrativeoffences;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:NA;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

ICELAND1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;



6. Other:No.IRELAND

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:From1stMay2012,boysuptotheageof17

yearswerenolongerdetainedinadultprisons,butsenttochildrendetentionschools.Thisdidnotrequire

a change in primary legislation but rather a change in recertification of capacity under secondary

legislation.


ITALYGeneralnote:TheDepartmentofPenitentiaryAdministrationdoesnotprocessdataconcerningjuvenileoffenders.Thereforeinthisreportareincludedfiguresonlyonadultinmates.

1. Changesincriminallaw:a. Lawof9thAugust2013nr.94convertingtheLawbyDecreenr78of1st July2013:exclusionof

recidivismasanobstacletothesuspensionofthepunishmentexecutionorder;

b. Law-by-decree 23rd December 2013, n. 146 "Urgent measures for the protection of the

fundamentalrightsofprisonersandforthecontrolleddecreaseofprisonpopulation".Converted

intolaw(lawn°10)on21stFebruary2014;

c. Law28April2014,n.67:Introductionoftheprobation(“Messaallaprova”)foradults:Thepenalprocedureissuspendedduringthefirst-leveltrialuponrequestoftheaccusedperson,incaseof

lessseriouscrimes;

d. Law-by-decree 26 June 2014, n. 92: Urgent provisions in matter of compensatory remedies in

favourofprisonersandinterneeswhohavebeensubjectedtotreatmentinviolationofarticle3of

theEuropeanConventionofHumanRightsandFundamentalFreedomsaswellaschangestothe

Criminal Procedure Code and its implementing provisions, and to the legislation related to the

penitentiarypolicecorps,penitentiary legislationandminors.Converted into lawby the law11

August2014,n.117;

2. New legislation concerning certain categories of prisoners:Law30May2014,n.81, converting intolawwith amendments theLaw-by-decree31March2014,n. 52, onurgentmeasures for abandoning the

judicialpsychiatrichospitalssystem:itsetsamaximumdurationofthesecuritymeasure,thusenablingthe

release from said judicial psychiatric hospitals of a high number of internees due to the expiry of the

measure;Suchlawconcernstheso-called“internees”.


LATVIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changesincriminallaw:OnOctober2ndand16th,2014,amendmentstotheseverallawswereadoptedinParliamentintroducingelectronicmonitoringasanalternativetoimprisonment.Theamendmentsmodify

the system for conditional release by offering an alternative option for prisoners who have achieved a

specificresultofre-socialisationtobereleasedearlierwithelectronicmonitoring.Thismeansthatinthere

isthepossibilityofservingashorterpartofthesentenceinthepenitentiaryinstitution,comparingtothe

"usual" conditional release, if the detainee agrees on electronicmonitoring. The amendments relating to

electronicmonitoringenteredintoforceon1stJuly2015.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:a. CabinetRegulationNo25of14thJanuary2014“Regulationsonhealthcareofprisonersinpenal

institutions” came into the force on 24th January 2014. Regulation sets out the range and

procedureofhealthcareserviceforprisoners;

b. Amendments to the Cabinet Regulations No 1022 of 19th June, 2006, “Provisions concerning

prisoner’s nutrition and household needs tangible security norms” came into the force on 28

February 2014. Certain nutritional norms shall respect the rights of prisoners who are

vegetarians. This category of prisoners is provided with food not containing meat and fish

products.

c. December17th,2014,amendmentsto“TheSentenceExecutionCodeofLatvia”cameintoforceon

January1st,2015,andprovidechangesintransferofprisonerstopublichospitals-Prisonsshall

ensurethetransferandguardingofprisonersinhealthcareinstitutionsoutsidetheprison.



3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: In total 19 inmates were granted pardon; of which 9 male inmates and 1 female

inmatewere fully discharged from further execution of their sentence, and 9male inmateswere partly

discharged(e.g.punishmentcutbycourtadjudgement).

5. Collectivepardons:9;6. Other:No.

LIECHTENSTEIN1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

LITHUANIAGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individual pardons: During the period from 1st September 2013 to 31st August 2014, there were 4

PresidentialDecreesgrantingpardon.Asaresult,6prisonershadthetermoftheirservicereduced,and4

prisonerswerepardonedfromtheremainingtermofthesentenceofimprisonment.


LUXEMBOURG1. Changesincriminallaw:NA2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:NA;3. Amnesties:1;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:No.

MALTA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:1inmatewasgrantedpardonuponrequestforpresidentialpardon.5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

MOLDOVAGeneralnote:PrisonpopulationfiguresdonotincludetheregionofTransdiestria.

1. Changesincriminallaw:a. LawonamendmentsintheCriminalCodeoftheRepublicofMoldova,no.270,7thNovember2013.

b. Lawamendingandsupplementingcertainacts,no.324,23rdDecember2013;

c. Lawamendingsomelegislativeacts,includingtheCriminalCode,no.315,20thDecember2013;

d. LawamendingArticle123oftheCriminalCodetheRepublicofMoldova,no.318,20thofDecember

2013;

e. Lawamendingsomelegislativeacts,includingtheCriminalCode,no.326,23rdDecember2013;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:4inmatesweregrantedpardon;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:0.

MONACO1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:1;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



MONTENEGRO1. Changes incriminal law:Lawonexecutionofprisonsentences,finesandsecuritymeasures,adoptedon

26thJune2015,establishedanewconceptofparole.ForthefirsttimeinMontenegro’spenitentiarysystem,

decisionsonconditionalreleasesareprovidedbythejurisdictionofthejudicialAuthorities.Thecourtwill

decidetherequestforparole,unlikeprevioussolutions.Criterionregardingprisonsentenceandparoleis

stillthesame:aprisonerwhohasservedtwo-thirds,andextremelyonehalf,ofhissentence,hastherightto

applyforparole.


THENETHERLANDSGeneralnote:Inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincludedjuvenileoffenders.Moreover,personsheldincustodial

clinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorderarealsoexcludedfromthecalculationofprisonpopulation.Onthe

opposite,illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasonsareincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners.1. Changes in criminal law: On the 1st of April 2014, a new lawmaking possible to convict adolescents

between21and22yearsoldaccordingtothejuvenilecriminallaw,wasintroduced.Thislawextendsthe

grouptowhichcriminallawforjuvenilescanbeapplied.Thedecreaseoftheprisonpopulationagedbelow

23yearsoldcanbepartiallyexplainedbythislaw;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:IntheNetherlandsconvictedpeoplecangetanindividualpardon.In2013therewere

324pardonsgiven,ofwhich78with


NORWAY1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

POLANDGeneralnotes:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changesincriminallaw:ChangesintheExecutivePenalCodethroughthelegalactof20February2015,whichenteredintoforceon1July2015:

a. Detaineeslivingconditions:Foodprovisionduringtransportation;extensionoftheworkingtime

inprisonfactories(from1to3months);informationaboutthefurthermedicaltreatment;

b. Communicationwiththeoutsideworld:Thenumberofvisitorswasincreasedfromnomorethan

2tomorethan2adultsinonevisit;tomorethan2;Thereisnowthepossibilityofusingthephone

billing the call to the consignee; Pre-trial detainees have now the right to contact the Consular

Office;

c. ChangesrelatedtoElectronicMonitoringSystem;


PORTUGALGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



ROMANIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

RUSSIANFEDERATION1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:BasedontheResolutionoftheStateDumaofthe2ndJuly2013nr.2559-6SD"Onamnesty"and

theResolutionof theStateDumaof theRussianFederationof the18theDecember,2013,nr.3500-6GD

"On Declaring Amnesty in the connection with the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Russian

FederationConstitution",172inmateswerereleased;

4. Individualpardons:5;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:No.

SANMARINO1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SERBIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:284;4. Individualpardons:3inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.

SLOVAKREPUBLIC1. Changesincriminallaw:Actno.1/2014Coll.,theActonOrganizationofPublicSportEventswasamended

-itwasestablishedanewtypeofpenalty:prohibitiontoparticipateinpublicevents;

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:AmnestyofthePresidentoftheSlovakRepublicon1January2014:802inmatesreleased.4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SLOVENIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SPAIN(TOTAL)General note: The Penitentiary Administration does not have any competences over juvenile offenders. Thesecategoriesofoffendersaremanagedbytheadministrationsofautonomouscommunities.Thereforeinthisreportare

includedonlyfiguresonadultinmates.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:appliedon72inmates;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.

SWEDENGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.




SWITZERLANDGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto3rdSeptember2013insteadof1stSeptember2013.

1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:NA;5. Collectivepardons:NA;6. Other:NA.

THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIA1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:12inmatesweregrantedpardon.5. Collectivepardons:18collectivepardonswerepronounced.6. Other:285 inmateswereconditional realised, for17 inmates the judgementwasabolished,136 inmates

releasedunder repeating judgementprocedure,and874 inmateswerereleased before theexpirationof

the sentence.According to the lawon theexecutionof thesanctions “Thedirectorof the institutionmay

dismisstheconvictedpersonbeforetheexpirationofhissentence, iftheconvictedpersonservedatleast

threequartersofthesentenceandifparolewasnotgrantedi.e.upto30daysforimprisonmentofoneyear,

upto90daysforimprisonmentoffiveyearsandupto120daysforimprisonmentoverfiveyears”

TURKEY1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. NewNewlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NAP;4. Individualpardons:NAP;5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.

UKRAINE1. Changesincriminallaw:No;2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No;3. Amnesties:NAP;4. Individualpardons:NAP;5. Collectivepardons:NAP;6. Other:No.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESGeneralnote:Stockdatarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.


UK:NORTHERNIRELAND1. Changes in criminal law: A recent Judicial Review in early 2013 which challenged arrangements for

imposingandenforcing finesandconfiscationorders led to the temporarysuspensionofFineDefaulters

beingsenttoPrison.FollowingonfromtheJudicialReviewFineDefaulthearingswereintroducedinJune

2014.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



UK:SCOTLANDGeneral note: SPACE returns (before SPACE I 2012) were completed using the Scottish Government statisticalsystem which is based on data from the Scottish Prison Service PR2 management information system. Due to

technical problems with this statistical system, the figures for the SPACE I 2012 and 2013 returns have been

extracted from thePR2 systemanddiffer slightly from figures extracted from the ScottishGovernment statistical

system, primarily in terms of the amount of detail available and no recorded data on flows (receptions and

liberations).TheScottishPrisonServicepopulationfiguresalsodonotincludeprisonersclassifiedasunlawfullyat

large,forinstanceduetoabsconding,notreturningfromtemporaryleaveasscheduled,orbeingsubjecttorecalldue

tobreachofhomedetentioncurfewconditions.

1. Changes in criminal law: A recent Judicial Review in early 2013 which challenged arrangements forimposingandenforcing finesandconfiscationorders led to the temporarysuspensionofFineDefaulters

beingsenttoPrison.FollowingonfromtheJudicialReviewFineDefaulthearingswereintroducedinJune

2014.

2. Newlegislationconcerningcertaincategoriesofprisoners:No3. Amnesties:0;4. Individualpardons:0;5. Collectivepardons:0;6. Other:No.



TABLE1:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014

Reference:CouncilofEuropeSPACEI2014.1

Country

Populationon1stJanuary2014

Totalnumberofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)

Prisonpopulationrateper100

000population

Totalcapacityofpenal

institutions

Surfaceareaperinmate

Prisondensityper100places

Albania 2895947 5440 187.8 4537 5.4 119.9

Andorra 76949 53 68.9 145 11.0 36.6

Armenia 3017100 3979 131.9 4395 4.0 90.5

Austria 8506889 8857 104.1 8760 10.0 101.1

Azerbaijan 9477119 22579 238.2 25492 4.0 88.6

Belgium 11203992 13212 117.9 10240 NAP 129.0

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 1421310 940 66.1 1404 4.0 67.0

Bulgaria [7245677] [7870] [108.6] [8755] [4.0] [89.9]

Croatia 4246809 3763 88.6 4022 4.0 93.6

Cyprus 858000 681 79.4 853 6.4 79.8

CzechRep. 10512419 18658 177.5 20020 4.0 93.2

Denmark 5627235 3583 63.7 3904 0.0 91.8

Estonia 1315819 2962 225.1 3300 3.0 89.8

Finland 5451270 3097 56.8 3123 NA 99.2

France 65835579 77739 118.1 58054 11.0 114.5

Georgia 4490498 10233 227.9 21678 3or4 47.2

Germany 80767463 65710 81.4 76181 NA 86.3

Greece 10903704 12006 110.1 9886 6.0 121.4

Hungary 9877365 18270 185.0 12869 NA 142.0

Iceland 325671 154 47.3 163 From6to13.3 94.5

Ireland 4605501 3829 83.1 4227 NAP 90.6

Italy 60782668 54252 89.3 49397 9.0 119.5

Latvia 2001468 4809 240.3 6333 2.5or3 75.9

Liechtenstein 37129 8 21.5 20 9.2 40.0

Lithuania 2943472 8977 305.0 9399 NA 95.5

Luxembourg 549680 656 119.3 711 11.0 92.3

Malta 425384 571 134.2 675 9.0 84.6

Moldova 3559497 7166 201.3 7425 4.0 96.5

Monaco 37800 28 74.1 82 14.0 34.1

Montenegro 621521 1058 170.2 1100 4.0 96.2

Netherlands 16829289 9857 58.6 12014 NA 82.0

Norway 5107970 3718 72.8 3803 NAP 97.8

Poland 38017856 77371 203.5 87742 3.0 88.2

Portugal 10427301 14003 134.3 12591 7.0 111.2

Romania 19947311 31637 158.6 28989 4or6 109.1

RussianFed. 143666931 671027 467.1 816013 4.0 82.2

SanMarino 32520 4 12.3 13 5.1 30.8

Serbia 7146759 10288 144.0 9340 4.0 110.1

SlovakRep. 5415949 10179 187.9 11318 3.5 89.9

Slovenia 2061085 1522 73.8 1293 9.0 117.7

Spain(total) 46512199 65931 141.7 59464 9.7 110.9

Spain(StateAdm.) 39095962 56391 144.2 47601 NA 118.5

Spain(Catalonia) 7416237 9540 128.6 11863 NA 80.4

Sweden 9644864 5861 60.8 6417 NA 91.3

Switzerland 8139631 6923 85.1 7235 NA 95.7

theFYROMacedonia 2065769 3116 150.8 2531 4.0 123.1

Turkey 76667864 151451 197.5 157925 NA 95.9

Ukraine 45245894 92290 204.0 140419 4.0 65.7

UK:Engl.&Wales 57134953 85509 149.7 87688 NA 97.5

UK:North.Ireland 1835847 1860 101.3 1962 NAP 94.8

UK:Scotland 5337461 7879 147.6 8069 NAP 97.6

Average 136.1 91.6Median 124.0 93.6Minimum 12.3 30.8Maximum 467.1 142.0

CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics37

Strasbourg,15December2015,pc-cp\space\docum

ents\pc-cp(2015)7PC-CP(2015)7

TABLE1.1:CA

TEGORIESIN

CLUDED

INTH

ETOTA

LNUMBERO

FINMATESIN

TABLE1

Doesthetotalnumberofin

mates(Table1)in

cludethefollowingcategories?

(1) Personsheldinpolicestationsorothersimilartypesofinvestigativeinstitu

tionsbeforetrial

(2) Personsheldincustodialin

stitu

tions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(2.1)Ifth

epersonsheldincustodialin

stitu

tions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyam

ongthem(point2)are18yearsandover

(3) Personsplacedineducationalin

stitu

tions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

(3.1)Ifth

epersonsheldineducationalin

stitu

tions/unitsforjuvenileoffendersarecounted,howmanyam

ongthem(point2)are18yearsandover

(4) Personsheldininstitu

tionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalin

stitu

tions

(5) Personswithpsychiatricdisordersinpsychiatricinstitu

tionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalin

stitu

tions(e.g.personsconsideredasnon-criminallyliablebythecourt,p

ersonsundersecuritymeasures,etc.)

(6) Asylumseekersorille

galaliensheldforadministrativereasons

(6.1)Ifa

sylumseekersorille

galaliensheldforadministrativereasonsarecounted,howmanyofthem

(point6)areheldincentres/sectionsespeciallydesignforthistypeof

detention

(7) Personsheldinprivatefacilitie

s(e.g.privateprisons,detentioncentres,centresfortheapplicationofcertainpenalm

easures[e.g.centresforthetreatmentofpsychiatricdisorders,centresforthe

treatmentofaddictionsetc.])

(8) Personsunderelectronicsurveillance/ElectronicMonitoring

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.1.1

Country(1)

How

many?

(2)How

many?

(2.1)(3)

1.1.3.How

many?

(3.1)(4)

How

many?

(5)How

many?

(6)How

many?

(6.1)(7)

How

many?

(8)How

many?

AlbaniaNAP

***

Yes94

No

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NA

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

AndorraNAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

Armenia

No

***

Yes16

NA

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

No

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

AustriaNo

***

Yes96

No

No

***

***

No

***

Yes177

No

***

***

No

***

Yes252

AzerbaijanNo

***

Yes79

0

No

***

***

NAP

***

No

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

Belgium

No

***

Yes91

38

No

***

***

No

***

Yes204

Yes0

No

NAP

***

Yes1904

BH:BiH

(total)

BH:BiH

(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska

NAP

***

Yes15

10

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

Bulgaria

CroatiaNo

***

Yes70

30

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

CyprusYes

142

Yes14

11

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

Yes2

CzechRep.

NAP

***

Yes107

64

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

Denm

ark

EstoniaNo

***

Yes86

71

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

FinlandNo

***

NAP

***

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

Yes158

FranceNo

***

Yes248

0

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

Yes10622

GeorgiaYes

1637

Yes85

2

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

Yes124

Yes2

2

NAP

***

Yes1296

Germany

No

***

Yes4910

4410

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

Yes112

NA

Yes1500

No

***

38CouncilofEuropeAnnualPenalStatistics:SPACEI–2014Strasbourg,15Decem

ber2015,pc-cp\space\documents\pc-cp(2015)7

PC-CP(2015)7

Country(1)

How

many?

(2)How

many?

(2.1)(3)

1.1.3.How

many?

(3.1)(4)

How

many?

(5)How

many?

(6)How

many?

(6.1)(7)

How

many?

(8)How

many?

GreeceNo

***

Yes402

0

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

Hungary

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

IcelandNo

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

IrelandNAP

***

Yes48

0

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

Yes33

Yes4

0

NAP

***

Yes3

ItalyNo

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

Yes940

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

No

***

LatviaNo

***

Yes37

11

No

***

***

NAP

***

No

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

LiechtensteinNo

***

No

***

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

No

***

LithuaniaNo

***

Yes158

78

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

Luxembourg

No

***

Yes6

1

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

Malta

No

***

Yes11

0

No

***

***

Yes15

Yes35

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

Moldova

No

***

Yes26

8

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

Monaco

NAP

***

Yes1

0

Yes0

0

NAP

***

Yes0

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

Montenegro

NAP

***

YesNA

NA

NA

***

***

NA

***

NA

***

NA

***

***

NA

***

NA

***

Netherlands

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

Yes284

Norw

ayNo

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

Poland[NAP]

[***]

[NAP]

[***]

[***]

[NAP]

[***]

[***]

[NAP]

[***]

[NAP]

[***]

[NAP]

[***]

[***]

[NAP]

[***]

[Yes]

[4690]

PortugalNAP

***

Yes238

229

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

Yes275

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

Note

Rom

aniaNAP

***

Yes697

501

Yes127

29

NAP

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

RussianFed.

No

***

Yes1860

434

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

No

***

SanMarino

Yes0

Yes0

0

NAP

***

***

No

***

NAP

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

SerbiaNo

***

No

***

***

Yes242

171

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

No

635

SlovakRep.

No

***

Yes50

No

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

SloveniaNo

***

Yes2

2

Yes17

12

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

Spain(total)No

***

No

***

***

No

***

***

Yes26

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

Yes2043

Spain(StateAdm.)

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

Yes2005

Spain(Catalonia)No

***

No

***

***

No

***

***

Yes26

No

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

Yes38

Sweden

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

Switzerland

Yes44

Yes178

177

Yes24

15

No

***

No

***

Yes328

NA

No

***

No

***

theFYROMacedonia

No

***

Yes53

32

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

NAP

***

No

***

TurkeyNAP

***

Yes1774

NAP

Yes515

416

NAP

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

Yes1304

Ukraine

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

Yes539

223

NAP

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NAP

***

UK:Engl.&

Wales

No

***

Yes741

0

NAP

***

***

NAP

***

NA

***

YesNA

NA

Yes13456

No

***

UK:North.Ireland

No

***

Yes38

0

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

Yes1

0

No

***

No

***

UK:Scotland

No

***

Yes525

461

No

***

***

No

***

No

***

No

***

***

Yes1205

No

***



NOTES–TABLES1AND1.1

GENERALNOTES Table 1: Figurespresented in thisTablemustbe read taking intoaccount that somecountrieswereunabletoprovidedataon1stSeptember2014.Insuchcases,the relevant day of reference is indicated in the notes below. Moreover,statisticalcountingrules(i.e. therulesapplied ineachcountry tocount theitemsthatwillbeincludedinprisonstatistics)varyacrossEurope;therefore,suchdiversity influence theway inwhich the totalnumberof inmates andthe capacity of penal institutions are calculated in each country.Given thispeculiarity, it is important to read the figures from Table 1 together withcategoriesincludedinTable1.1.

Table1.1bringsamoreaccuratedistributionofwhatcategoriesofpersonsareheldinpenal institutions (or institutions designed for detention of the personsmanagedbycriminaljusticesystem).

ForYourInformation:

ü Northern Cyprus – On 21st August 2014, there were 249 inmates (of which 9 females and 1minor), of which 35% were pre-trial detainees and 41% foreigners. The total capacity of thesystemwas291places.Theprisondensityper100placeswas85.6 (data relate to21stAugust2014).

ü Kososvo–On1stOctober2014therewere1816inmates(ofwhich49femalesand45minors),ofwhich 596 were pre-trial detainees and 133 were foreigners. The total capacity of penalinstitutionswas2447places.Theprisondensitywas74.2per100places.

ü BH:BiH(total)–AttheendofSeptember2014,therewere3042inmates(2607inprisonand435indetention),ofwhich162wereforeigners.Therewere3201placesandtheprisondensitywas95inmatesper100places.

ü BH:BiH(statelevel)–AttheendofSeptember2014therewere326inmates(246inprisonand80indetention),ofwhich57wereforeigners.

ü BH:BiHFed–AttheendofSeptember2014,therewere1711inmates(1495inprisonand216indetention centers), ofwhich76were foreigners.The total capacityof the systemwas1893places.Theprisondensityper100placeswas90.4.

Warning:ThesefigureswerenotusedforthecalculationsofEuropeanaverageandmedianvalues.

ALBANIANospecialcomment.ANDORRANospecialcomment.ARMENIANospecialcomment.AUSTRIATable1.1:

ü Point(2):InAustriathereisonlyoneprisonspecialisedindetentionofjuvenileoffenders.Inthisinstitutionaredefactoalsodetainedconvictsaged18yearandover.AsthisspecialisedprisonislocatedinLowerAustria,juvenileoffendersonlypartlyservetheirsentencesthere.Hence,otherjuveniles are spreadover theotherAustrianprisons,where specialiseddepartments for youngoffenders are established. In the figure presented in the Table are included all inmates aged



between14and17.AZERBAIJANNospecialcomment.BELGIUMTable1.1:

ü Point(5):Underthisheadingarecountedonly“interned”inmatesheldinsocialwelfareestablishmentofPaifvewhichisunderthedirectresponsibilityoftheDirectorateGeneralofPenitentiaryinstitutions.Accordingtothefinaljudicialdecision,“interned”are:

• a.1–those,whocommittedanactqualifiedascrimeormisdemeanourpunishablebyimprisonmentand

• a.2–whoatthemomentoftrialweresufferingfromamentaldisorderwhichseriouslyaffectsorabolishesthecapacityofdiscernmentorcontroloftheactsand

• a.3.–forwhomthereisadangerofrecommittingnewoffensesbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders.

• Personssentencedforcrimesormisdemeanours,andwho–duringtheirdetention–werediagnosedbyaprisonpsychiatristmentalhavingdisordersthatseriouslyaffectorabolishtheircapacityofdiscernmentorcontroloftheactsandwhoarelikelytoreoffendbecauseoftheirmentaldisorders.

ü Point(8):Electronicanklebraceletsandvoicerecognition. BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.BULGARIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresented between brackets []. However, Figures obtained by the U.S. State Department for their annualreport on human rights showed that in October 2014 there were 8 153 inmates held in prison and 875 ininvestigative detention centres (The Bulgarian penal institutions consist of the prisons and the investigativedetention centres.). The totalnumberof inmateswas9028. The totalnumberofplaceswas10550 (8763placesinprisonsand1787indetentioncentres),givinganoveralldensityrateof85.6%.Table1.1:

ü Point (8): Persons under Electronic monitoring were not included in the total number ofdetaineesbecausetheyarenotdeprivedofliberty.

CROATIADatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.CYPRUSTable1:Thetotalnumberofinmatesis681,ofwhich539wereheldinthePrisonInstitutionand142inpolicestations.CZECHREPUBLICDatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table 1: Total number of inmates includes inputs from the Preventive Detention Facility for verydangerousoffenders.Table1.1:

ü Point (2):The figure includes juvenileoffendersplaced inspecialunits forsentenced juvenilesand pre-trial juveniles placed in special cells in remandprisons. There are no special units forjuvenilepre-trialdetainees.

DENMARKTables1and1.1:Thedatadonotcoverpersonsheldinhalfway-houses.Thesehousesaredesignedforprisonerswhoareplacedthereduringthelastpartoftheirsentence.“Oneofthehalfwayhousesspecializesindrugaddicts,oneaccommodatesmostlysexoffenders,andinoneaspecialfamilyunitisestablished.Duringthestayinthehalfwayhousesupervisionandprobationactivitiesarehandledby thestaffof thehalfwayhouse inclosecooperationwiththeprisonortheprobationofficethatreferredtheclient”(source:HeineL.(2008),Denmark,in:vanKalmthoutA.,DurnescuI.(Eds.),ProbationinEurope,p.238).



ESTONIANospecialcomment.FINLANDTable1.1:

ü Point (8): There are 158 persons under supervised probationary freedom. The type ofsurveillanceappliedtothemistheGSM(Backdoormonitoring).

FRANCEDatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1:

ü Total number of inmates was retrieved from quarterly statistics on the persons under theresponsibility of PrisonAdministration.77 739 persons had the status “écroués”, ofwhich66494weredefactoheldinpenal institutions(“écrouésdétenus”).Inthetotalof77739 inmatesare includedaswell personsplacedunderElectronicMonitoringoutsidepenal institutions (10622) and those in external placement non-hosted in institutions managed by the PrisonAdministration(623).

ü Forthecalculationoftheprisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitants,thetotalnumberof77739prisonerswasused.

ü Forthecalculationoftheprisondensityper100places,thefigureof66494wasused.Table1.1:

ü Point (8):10622personsunderElectronicMonitoringarepartof thetotalnumberof inmateshavingthestatus“écroués”.Thetypeofsurveillanceusedistheelectronicbracelet.

GEORGIADatarelateto31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

ü Point(5):The124personswithpsychiatricdisordersheldinpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitalsoutsidepenalinstitutionsareundernonvoluntarypsychiatrictreatment.

GERMANYDatarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:

ü Points(7):Those1500personsareheldinsocialtherapyfacilities.GREECENospecialcommentICELANDTable1&1.1:Inthetotalnumberofprisonpopulationarenotincludedthefollowingcategoriesofinmates:

ü 1personheldinahospitaloutsidethepenalinstitutionü 3personsheldininstitutionsfordrug-addictedoffendersoutsidepenalinstitutionsü 23personsheldinahalfway-house,aprivatefacilityü 10personsunderElectronicMonitoring

Table1.1:ü Point (8): According to the Execution of Sentences Act (ESA) no. 49/2005 Article 24.a,

enforcementoutsideprisonisallowedunderElectronicMonitoringsince1stOctober2011.Whenanunconditionalsentenceis12monthsprisonorlongerthePPAmaydecidethataprisonercancomplete serving his sentence outside prisonprovidedhe has a device so that it is possible totrackhismovements.Whenanunconditionalsentenceis12months,theelectronicsurveillanceis30daysandlengthensby2.5dayspermonth,tothemaximumof240days.

IRELANDTable1.1:

ü Point(2.1):Juvenileoffenders(boysuptotheageof17andgirlsuptotheageof18)orderedbythecourttoremandincustodyorcommittedtoserveasentenceareplacedinchildrendetentionschools.The3Irishchildrendetentionschoolsdeliverachildcaremodelofdetentionfocusedoneducationandrehabilitation.

ü Point(8):GPSTrackingSystem.



ITALYTable1.1:

ü Point (2): Institutions for juvenile offenders are not under the authority of theDepartment ofPenitentiaryAdministration.Therefore,thefiguresonthetotalprisonpopulationcorrespondtotheadultinmates.

ü Point(5):AreincludedpersonsheldinJudicialPsychiatricHospitals,so-called"internees".LATVIADatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:

ü Points (2) and (2.1): Under these items are included all juvenile inmates (pre-trial andsentenced).

LIECHTENSTEINTable1&1.1:

ü Persons sentenced to twoyearsormorearebrought toAustria to serve their sentenced there.This is possible through the application of the provisions of the contractmadewithAustria in1984.Thisagreementisapplicabletoalltypesofoffenders.

LITHUANIADatarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.LUXEMBOURGTable1:Totalnumberofprisonersconcernspersonsheldinpenitentiarycentres(closed)inLuxembourgandGivenich(semi-detention).Table1.1:

ü Point(6):ThespecialsectionforadministrativealiensinsideLuxembourg’sPenitentiaryCentrewasclosed in2011becauseanewcentre foradministrativedetentionwascommissioned.ThisnewdetentionfacilityisundertheauthorityoftheMinistryofForeignandEuropeanAffairs.

MALTATable1:Thereare571prisonersofwhich536malesand35femalesMOLDOVATable1:Thetotalnumberofdetaineesincludes1454pre-trialdetaineesTable1.1:

ü Point(2.1):AccordingtotheMoldovanlegislation,whenthepersonturns18years,shecankeepthestatusof"juvenile"andcontinuetoservethesentenceinajuvenileprisonupto23years.

MONACOü Theremandprison(Maisond’arrêt)istheonlypenalinstitutioninthePrincipality.

MONTENEGRONospecialcomment.THENETHERLANDSTable1.1:

ü Point (2): In the total number of inmates are not included 481 juvenile offenders held in thefacilitiesforjuvenileoffenders(ofwhom422personsareaged18yearsandover).

ü Point(5):Inthetotalnumberofinmatesarenotincluded1576personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderahospitalorder.

ü Point (6): In the total number of inmates are not included 425 illegal aliens held foradministrativereasons.

ü Point(8):Thetypeofsurveillanceappliediselectronicbracelet.NORWAYTable 1:There isnospecific remand institution, althoughmost remanddetaineesareplaced in specialunitsorhousedwithconvictedprisoners.POLANDDatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:



ü Point (8): 4 690 persons under Electronic Monitoring (bracelet) are not included in the totalprisonpopulation.Thenumberisknown,butitisnotintherecordsofthepenitentiaryfacilities.

PORTUGALDatarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:

ü Points (2) & (2.1): Leiria’s Penitentiary Institution – institution designed for the detention ofpersonsagedfrom16to21years,includingremanddetainees.

ü Point (5): Under this heading are included 275 inmates, of which 136 are held in custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals,and139areheldinnon-custodialpsychiatricinstitutionsorhospitals.

ü The139personsincludedunderPoint(5)ofTable1.1areconsiderednon-criminallyliablebythecourt,andarenotstrictosensusentencedprisoners,butareheldundersecuritymeasures(whichare rather therapeutic measures). These persons are under the authority of the PrisonAdministrationandtheirfilesaremanagedbytheCourtofExecutionofSentences.Nevertheless,alldecisionsconcerningthiscategoryofpersonsaretakenontheadviceofmedicalauthorities.

ü Point (8): Personsplacedunderelectronic surveillancearemanagedby theGeneral ServiceoftheCommunityReintegration(DirecçãoGeneraldeReinserçãoSocial).See:SPACEII2014report.

ROMANIANospecialcomment.RUSSIANFEDERATIONTable1:

ü Thetotalnumberofinmatesis671027,ofwhich114657arepre-trialdetaineesü 114 441 persons held in pre-trial investigation cells, pre-trial detention centres and persons

servingsentencesinprisons;ü 463190personsregisteredatthecriminal-executioninspections.ü Point(8):Electronicbraceletsareusedfor9466personsunderregimeoflimitationoffreedom

and1798underhomearrest.SANMARINONospecialcommentSERBIATable1.1:

ü Point (8):PersonsunderElectronicMonitoringarenotincludeinthetotalnumberofprisoners,nevertheless,thereare635detaineesunderElectronicSurveillance.

SLOVAKREPUBLICNospecialcomment.SLOVENIANospecialcomment.SPAIN(TOTAL)Table1.1:

ü Point (2): The State Prison Administration has no competence concerning juvenile offenders,mattermanagedby autonomous communities. Therefore, these inmatesarenot included in thetotalprisonpopulation.

ü Point(8):Underthisheadingareincluded1918inmatessupervisedbyelectronicdevicesand91inmatesunderothercontrolsystems.

FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)Tables 1 and 1.1: The State Prison Administration has no competence concerning juvenile offenders,mattermanagedbyautonomouscommunities.SPAIN(CATALONIA)

Nospecialcomment.



SWEDENDatarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.SWITZERLANDDatarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIANospecialcomment.TURKEYTable1.1:

ü Point(8):Thetypeofsurveillanceappliedistheelectronicbracelet.UKRAINENospecialcomment.UK:ENGLANDANDWALESDatarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Table1.1:

ü Overall figures published in Table 1.1 of Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (October-December2014)QuarterlyTables.

ü Point (2): Juveniles in Young Offender Institutions. Prisoners aged 15-17 (Table 1.1 OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(October-December2014)QuarterlyTables).

ü Point (6): Immigration detainees: Table A1.22 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(October-December2014)Annualtables).

ü Point (6.1): Foreignnationals inNOMS administered ImmigrationRemoval Centres (Table 1.5OffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly(January-March2014)).

ü Point(7):Inmatesheldinprisonsidentifiedas'contractedout'inthePrisonPerformanceDigesthttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/338951/prison-performance-digest-2013-14.xls: Altcourse, Ashfield, Birmingham, Bronzefield, Dovegate,Doncaster, Forest Bank, Lowdham Grange, Oakwood, Parc, Peterborough, Rye Hill, Thameside,Wolds (as published in Table 1.5 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (January-March2014)).

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDNospecialcomment.UK:SCOTLANDWarning: SPACE returns up to 2011were completed using the Scottish Government statistical systemwhich is based on data from the Scottish Prison Service PR2management information system. Due totechnicalproblemswiththisstatisticalsystem,thefiguresforthe2013SPACEreturnhavebeenextracteddirectlyfromthePR2systemandwilldifferslightlyfromfiguresextractedfromtheScottishGovernmentstatisticalsystem,primarilyintermsoftheamountofdetailavailableandnoaccessiblerecordeddataonflows (receptions and liberations). The Scottish Prison Service population figures also do not includeprisonersclassifiedasunlawfullyatlarge,forinstanceduetoabsconding,notreturningfromtemporaryleaveasscheduled,orbeingsubjecttorecallduetobreachofhomedetentioncurfewconditions.Table1.1:

ü Point(2):Asmallnumberofyoungoffendersunder21maybeheldonremandinadultprisonsandtheyarenotcountedunderthisheading,buttheyareincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.Themanagementdatadoesnotprovideage/genderbreakdownsforsomeconvictedinmateswhoareawaitingsentence,recalledlifeprisoners(83)andpersonsawaitingdeportation(7).Childrenunder16maybeheld insecureaccommodation,which isnotpartof theprisonestablishment.Such casesarenot includedhereas childrenmaybeplaced in secureaccommodation for theirownprotectionaswellasforacriminalconviction.



TABLE1.2:CAPACITYOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014(BYCATEGORIES)


Country

Totalcapacityofpenal

institutions(2.0)

Surfaceareaperinmate(m2/inmate)

Capacityofremand

institutionsandthosedesignedforservingcustodialsentences(2.1)

Ofwhich

Capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders(2.2)

Capacityofothertypes

ofinstitutions

(2.3)

Capacityofremand

institutions/sections

(pre-trials)(2.1.a)

Capacityofinstitutionsdesignedforservingasentence(2.1.b)

Albania 4537 5.4 4202 1164 3038 40 295Andorra 145 11 137 57 80 8 0Armenia 4395 4 4395 900 3495 NA NAPAustria 8760 10 NA NA NA 378 NAAzerbaijan 25492 4 25292 4522 20770 200 ***Belgium 10240 NAP NA NA NA 124 205BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1404 4 1368 262 1106 36 NAPBulgaria [8755] [4] [8755] [NA] [8755] [348] [NAP]Croatia 4022 4 3774 1647 2127 122 126Cyprus 853 6.4 480 57 423 16 NAPCzechRep. 20020 4 18619 2584 17035 105 296Denmark 3904 0 3904 1735 2169 NAP NAPEstonia 3300 3.0 NAP NAP NAP 200 NAPFinland 3123 0 3123 NA NA NAP NAPFrance 58054 11 57701 34019 23682 353 NAPGeorgia 21678 3or4 21518 NA NA 160 92Germany 76181 NA 76181 NA NA NA NAGreece 9886 6 9233 NA NA 653 NAPHungary [12869] [NA] [NAP] [***] [***] [0] [0]Iceland 163 6to13.3 163 9 154 NAP NAPIreland 4227 NAP 4227 444 3783 48 NAPItaly 49397 9 48196 38076 10120 *** 1201Latvia 6333 2.5or3 6078 1544 4534 180 75Liechtenstein 20 9.2 20 NA NA NAP NAPLithuania 9399 0 9086 1396 7690 313 NAPLuxembourg 711 11 696 271 425 15 NAPMalta 675 9 655 NA NA 20 NAPMoldova 7425 4 7425 2134 5231 60 NAPMonaco 82 14 64 NA NA 18 NAPMontenegro 1100 4 455 425 655 20 0Netherlands 12014 NA 12014 4636 5842 NAP ***Norway 3803 NAP 3803 NAP NAP NAP NAPPoland 87742 3 NA NA NA NAP NAPPortugal 12591 7 NA NA NA 347 NARomania 28989 4or6 NAP NAP 27618 1371 NAPRussianFed. 816013 4 816013 126561 689452 11383 NAPSanMarino 13 5 13 1 12 1 NAPSerbia 9340 4 8664 1949 6715 676 NAPSlovakRep. 11318 3.5 11318 1841 9359 118 NASlovenia 1293 9 1246 245 1001 47 NAPSpain(total) 59464 9.71 59464 NAP NAP NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 47601 NA 47601 0 0 0 0Spain(Catalonia) 11863 NA 11863 NA NA NAP NAPSweden 6417 NA 6417 1909 4508 NAP NAPSwitzerland 7235 NA NA NA NA 199 NAtheFYROMacedonia 2531 4 2488 452 2036 43 NAPTurkey 157925 NA NA NA NA 1308 156617Ukraine 140419 4 140419 26960 111525 1934 0UK:Engl.&Wales 87688 NA NA NA NA NA 990UK:North.Ireland 1962 NAP 1914 NAP NAP 48 ***UK:Scotland 8069 NAP 8069 NAP NA NA ***



NOTES–TABLE1.2

Theindicatorofprisondensity(generallyusedfortheassessmentofprisonovercrowding)iscalculatedonthebasisofthenumberofinmatesandtheavailablecapacityforallcategoriesofinmatesincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.Inordertoproduceasreliableaspossibleindicatorofprisondensityitiscompulsorytotakeintoaccountthedetaileddistributionofthecapacityofdifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions.When comparing the indicators of prisondensity andprison overcrowding,we look for details in eachcountryabouttherulesappliedwhencalculatingthecapacityofpenal institutions(e.g.surfaceareaperprisoner,operationalcapacity,etc.).Thefollowingnotesmustalsobetakenintoaccount.

DISCLAIMERCONCERNINGTHE

FIGURESOF

SURFACEAREAPER

INMATE(TABLE1ANDTABLE1.2)

Some of the national correspondents were asked to clarify the procedures ofcalculation of the minimal surface area per inmate. In some countries these figurescorrespond to the legal standards that are compulsory to be respected. In othercountries,thesefiguresareaverageestimatesoftherealindividuallivingspacesinsidecells.Inviewoftheabovemethodologicallimitation,thesedatacannotbeverifiedandcross-nationallyvalidated.Therefore,theyshouldbeusedasraw-dataonly.

ALBANIAü Point(2.3):Underthisheadingareincludedpenalinstitutionsfortheelderlypeople,forpeople

withvariouschroniclehealthproblemsandthePrisonHospital.AUSTRIA

ü Point (2.1): There is no exclusive remand institution in Austria, neither specific definition ofcapacityforpre-trials.Therefore,differentinstitutionsthataccommodateremanddetaineesandsentencedprisonershavetomanagethetotalcapacityoftheirprisonsaccordingtoactualneeds.

ü Point (2.2):ThereisonlyonespecialisedprisonforyoungoffendersinAustria.Thecapacityof295 places is the capacity in this specialised institution and the capacity foreseen in specialdepartmentslocatedinregularadultprisons.Thiscapacityisusedfortheaccommodationofthejuvenileoffendersupto18yearsandoftheyoungadultoffendersupto21years.

BELGIUMü Point (2.3): It is the capacity of the social welfare establishment of Paifve. Within this

establishment are placed “interned” inmates. Paifve establishment is under the directresponsibilityoftheDirectorateGeneralofPenitentiaryinstitutions.

BULGARIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (2.0): Total capacity includes122places for juvenile offenders and126places inprison

hospitals.CYPRUS

ü Point (2.0):Totalcapacityofpenalinstitutionsis853,ofwhich480placesinPrisoninstitutionand373placesinPolicestations.

CZECHREPUBLICü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(2.2):Capacityoftheunitsforfinalsentencedjuvenilesonly(notforpre-trialdetainees).ü Point (2.3): Under this point are included 296 places, of which 86 places in the preventive

detention facility (for security measures), 97 places in the prison hospital of Prague and 113placesintheprisonhospitaloBrno.



DENMARKü Point(2.1.a):Localprisonsareprimarilyusedforremandprisoners.

FINLANDü Point(2.3):Therearenospecificinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.

FRANCEü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(2.1.a):AreincludedthecapacitiesoftheremandinstitutionssuchasMaisonsd'Arrêt[MA]

andspecialwings(quartiers)for“pre-trails”ofMaisonsd'Arrêt[qMA].ü Point (2.1.b): Are included places from Detention centres, special wings in detention centres,

central prisons (Maisons Centrales [MC]), special wings in central prisons [qMC], centres forserving adjusted/reduced sentences (Centres pour Peines Aménagées [CPA]), special wings incentresforservingadjusted/reducedsentences,centresforsemi-liberty(CentresdeSemi-Liberté[CSL]),andspecialwingsincentresforsemi-liberty[qCSL].

ü Point(2.2):Institutionsforjuvenileoffenders(EtablissementsPourMineurs[EPM]).ü Surface area per inmate isdefined in the internal circularof thePrisonAdministrationOnthe

capacityofpenitentiaryinstitutionsfrom16March1988.Thesurfaceareaperinmateiscalculatedusingthemethodsforeseeninthiscircular.

GEORGIAü Point (2.3):Thecapacityofothertypeofinstitutions(92)isnotincludedinthetotalcapacityof

thepenalinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders(EtablissementsPourMineurs[EPM]).GERMANY

ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.HUNGARYWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].

ü Points (2.1.a) and (2.1.b): The separate breakdown for pre-trial detention and the places ininstitutions designed for serving sentences is not available, as the capacity is defined for eachestablishmentwithouttakingintoaccountvariousfunctions.ThePrisonServicemayadjustthesecapacitiesaccordingtothegivenvarioustasks.

ü Surfacearea:Accordingtothelegalregulations,femaleprisonersshouldhave3.5m2surfaceforfreemovement,whilemaleprisoners3m2,andpre-trialdetainees4m2,ifpossible.Whenthereisonlyoneprisonerinacell,itssurfacecannotbelessthan6m2.

IRELANDü Point (2.1): Remand prisoners can be held in any "closed" prison. Juvenile offenders are not

placed in cells in the Children Detention Schools; they are allocated bedrooms of singleoccupancy. There is no legal norm for the measurements for these bedrooms. There is nodifferenceinsizeofthesebedroomsforpre-trialorsentencedyoungpeople.

ITALYü Point (2.0): The figure under this heading refers to the general capacity of the whole prison

system. For the accurate use, it is necessary to subtract from that figure around 4 000 placestemporarilyunavailableduetoon-goingbuildingworksorothertypesofrestructuringworksorreorganization.Therefore,thetotalcapacityusedfortheanalysesinthisreportis45937.

ü Point (2.2): TheDepartment of Penitentiary Administration does not process data concerningjuvenileoffendersastheseinstitutionsareundertheresponsibilityoftheDepartmentofJuvenileJustice,undertheMinistryofJustice.Thereforethecapacityoftheseinstitutionsisnotincludedintheoverallcapacity(point2.0).

ü Point(2.3):Capacityoftheinstitutionsfortheexecutionofsecuritymeasures(includingJudicialPsychiatricHospitals).

ü Surfacearea:Thecriteriaadoptedforthecalculationofthesurfacepereachinmateisthesamecriteriaastheoneadoptedforcivilianhousing,i.e.9m2pereachprisonerinasinglecell,towhichareadded5furthersquaremeterspereachfurtherprisonerinmultiplecells.



LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(2.3):CapacityoftheLatvianPrisonHospital.ü Surface area: Since November 1, 2014 4m2 per prison (9m2 per prisoner in single cell) was

introduced.LITHUANIA

ü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.MALTA

ü Points (2.1.a) and (2.1.b): At the CCF (Corradino Correctional Facility) there is no separatebreakdownforremandsectionsandsectionsforconvictedinmates.

MOLDOVAü Point(2.3):Moldavianlegislationdoesnotcontainaruleonspecialcapacityforforeigncitizens,

personswithmultiplecitizenshipswhoarearrestedforadministrativereasons.MONACO

ü Point(2.0):Thereisonlyonepenalinstitution.Aseparationismadebetweenpre-trialdetaineesandthoseservingfinalsentences.Thereare2sectionsformaleadultinmates.Suchdistinctionisnotmadeforfemaleinmates(onesection)andjuvenileoffenders(anotherone).

THENETHERLANDSü Point(2.0):Thetotalcapacityonlyreferstothecapacityoftheadultprisonsystem.Besidesthe

capacityofremandinstitutionsandjuvenileinstitutions,thereare1536placesthatcanbeusedforbothremandandsentencedprisoners,ofwhich260arereserveplaces.Therefore, the totaladultcapacityis12014;

ü Point (2.2): In total capacityarenot included 777 places for juvenile offenders (ofwhich 127reservecapacity).

ü Point (2.3): In totalcapacityarenotincluded1782placesofcustodialclinics,aswellas1762placesforillegalaliens(ofwhich240reserve).

NORWAYü Point (2.1): Inmatesonremandandthoseservingasentenceareheld inthesameinstitutions.

Somepenalinstitutionsarealmostexclusivelydesignedfortheuseforconvictedprisoners.Onlyexceptionally remand prisoners might be placed in open prisons. Some prisons have wingsallocatedtoremandprisoners;yet,remandprisonerscanalsobeheldwithconvictedprisoners.

POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (2.2):Leiria’sPenitentiaryInstitutiondesignedforthedetentionofpersonsagedbetween

16and21years.ROMANIA

ü Point(2.1.b):Areincludedthecapacitiesofprisonsaswellasthecapacitiesofprisonhospitals.ü Point (2.2):Hereareincludedcapacitiesofthepenitentiariesforjuvenilesandyoungadults,as

wellasthecapacitiesoftheeducationalcentres.ü Surface area is4m2per inmate inclosedregime institutions, inmaximumsecurity institutions

and in those designed for remand detention. In institutionswith open regime, semi-liberty, ineducationcentresitis6m2perinmate.Inspecialpenitentiaryhospitalsitis7m2perprisoner.

RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Point (2.1.b): The capacity of institutions designed for serving a sentence already include the

capacityofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.SANMARINO

ü IntheRepublicofSanMarinothereisonlyoneinstitutionforallthecategoriesofinmates.



SLOVAKREPUBLICü Point (2.1.b): Juvenileoffendersusuallyservetheirsentenceininstitutionsdesignedtoservea

sentence, but in this case, the figure refers only to adult offenders (juvenile offenders wereexcluded).

ü Surface area:Standardsurfaceareaper inmate is3.5m2.Surfacearea foreseenper femaleandjuvenileinmatesis4m2.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Point (2.0): The figure is calculated on the basis of the number of 59 464 cells in the adult

penitentiary system. Most of the cells are two places of capacity. The operational residentialcapacityis66210places.

ü Points(2.1.a)and(2.1.b):ThepenalinstitutionsinSpainaredesignedtohostbothremandandconvictedinmates.Separatefiguresarenotavailable.

ü Surface area: Since cellshavea surfaceof10 to13 squaremeters, theaverage surface is11.5squaremeterswhich,multipliedby the totalnumberof cells (47601)anddividedby the totalprisonpopulation(56391)givesusthetotalamountof9.71m2perdetainee.

SWEDENü Datarelateto31stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

UKRAINEü Surfacearea:Forjuveniles,thesurfaceareais4m2,4.5m2forwomenwithchildrenand5m2for

hospitalsandstationarymedicalfacilities.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Datarelateto29thAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(2.0):Totaluseableoperationalcapacity(publishedinPrisonPopulationBulletin-Weekly29

August. 2014:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/348705/population-bulletin-29-august-2014.xls).

ü Point(2.3):TotaluseableoperationalcapacityofNOMSoperatedRemovalCentres(publishedinPrison Population Bulletin-Weekly 29 August 2014:https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/348705/population-bulletin-29-august-2014.xls.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Point(2.1):ThePrisonEstablishmentshavecapacityfor1914regardlessofcustodialcategory.ü Point(2.2):CapacityforJuvenileJusticeCentreis48regardlessofcategory.

UK:SCOTLANDü Point (2.0):There isnoseparateaccommodation for remandandsentencedprisoners.Female

juvenileprisonersareheldinseparateaccommodationwithintheadultfemaleprison.Thefigureisthedesigncapacityofthepenalinstitutions.

ü Point (2.2): There is one separate institution for young male offenders, which has a designcapacityof760.



EuropeanMean=135.8EuropeanMedian=124.0

101.1

109.1

110.1

110.9

111.2

114.5

117.7

118.5

119.5

119.9

121.4

123.1

129.0

142.0

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

160%EuropeanAverage=91.6EuropeanMedian=93.6

FIGURE1.A:COUNTRIESWITHMORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100000INHABITANTS(HIGHESTPRISONPOPULATIONRATES)

In2014,theEuropeanmedianPrisonPopulationRate[PPR]wasof124.0inmatesper100000inhabitants.Wecanobserveadecreasecomparedto2013,whenthesameindicatorwas133.5.

Thereare32(65%)outof50analysedPrisonAdministrationsthatreportedhighPPR(morethan100inmatesper100000 inhabitants).Thisproportionof thecountrieswithhighPPRiscomparabletotheonealreadyobserved in2013,whichwasalso65%ofallanalysedadministrations.

FIGURE1.B:COUNTRIESWITHPRISONPOPULATIONOVERCROWDING(MORETHAN100PRISONERSPER100PLACES)

In2014themediandensityinEuropeanpenalinstitutionswasof93.6inmatesper100availableplaces.Forathirdconsecutiveyear,weobserveaslightdecrease.Between2013and2014,thedecreaseis1%comparedtothepreviousyear(in2013,thissameindicatorwasof95.5).

Compared to2012, the indicator of densitydecreased from97.8 to93.6 in2014,whichmaybe seen as a positiveevolutioninthewayofsolvingtheproblemofovercrowding.

Thenumberofcountrieswithmorethan130inmatesper100placesisdecreasingsince2008:6countriesin2008,7in2009,6in2010,5in2011,5in2012and2013,andonlyonein2014.

Comparisons of prison overcrowding should be conducted cautiously as the rules for establishing the capacity ofpenalinstitutionsvaryfromcountrytocountry(e.g.somecountriesusethedesigncapacityoftheirpenalinstitutionsandotherusedtheiroperationalcapacity).

101.0

101.3

104.1

108.6

110.1

117.9

119.3

128.6

131.9

134.2

134.3

141.7

144.0

144.2

147.6

149.7

150.8

158.6

170.2

177.5

185.0

187.8

187.9

197.5

201.3

203.5

204.0

225.1

227.9

238.2

240.3 30

5.0

467.1

0

100

200

300

400

500

France

UK:North.Ireland

Au

stria

Bu

lgaria

Greece

Belgium

Luxembo

urg

Spain(Catalon

ia)

Armen

ia

Malta

Portugal

Spain(total)

Serbia

Spain(StateAdm

.)UK:Scotla

nd

UK:Engl.&W

ales

theFYRO

Maced

onia

Romania

Mon

tene

gro

CzechRe

p.

Hungary

Albania

SlovakRep

.Turkey

Moldo

va

Poland

Ukraine

Estonia

Georgia

Azerbaijan

Latvia

Lithuania

RussianFed.

EuropeanAverage=135.8EuropeanMedian=124.0



TABLE1.3:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPT.2014:ADJUSTEDFIGURES


Country Populationon1stJanuary2014

Totalnumberofinmates

(includingpre-trialdetainees)non-adjusted

Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantsnon-adjusted


(includingpre-trialdetainees)

adjusted

Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantsadjusted

Albania 2895947 5440 187.8 5346 184.6Andorra 76949 53 68.9 53 68.9Armenia 3017100 3979 131.9 3963 131.4Austria 8506889 8857 104.1 8332 97.9Azerbaijan 9477119 22579 238.2 22500 237.4Belgium 11203992 13212 117.9 11013 98.3BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1421310 940 66.1 925 65.1Bulgaria [7245677] [7870] [108.6] [7823] [108.0]Croatia 4246809 3763 88.6 3693 87.0Cyprus 858'000 681 79.4 523 61.0CzechRep. 10512419 18658 177.5 18551 176.5Denmark 5627235 3583 63.7 3583 63.7Estonia 1315819 2962 225.1 2876 218.6Finland 5451270 3097 56.8 2939 53.9France 65835579 77739 118.1 66869 101.6Georgia 4490498 10233 227.9 7089 157.9Germany 80767463 65710 81.4 60688 75.1Greece 10903704 12006 110.1 11604 106.4Hungary [9877365] [18270] [185.0] [18270] [185.0]Iceland 325671 154 47.3 154 47.3Ireland 4605501 3829 83.1 3741 81.2Italy 60782668 54252 89.3 53312 87.7Latvia 2001468 4809 240.3 4772 238.4Liechtenstein 37129 8 21.5 8 21.5Lithuania 2943472 8977 305.0 8819 299.6Luxembourg 549680 656 119.3 650 118.3Malta 425384 571 134.2 510 119.9Moldova 3559497 7166 201.3 7140 200.6Monaco 37800 28 74.1 27 71.4Montenegro 621521 1058 170.2 1058 170.2Netherlands 16829289 9857 58.6 9573 56.9Norway 5107970 3718 72.8 3718 72.8Poland 38017856 77371 203.5 72681 191.2Portugal 10427301 14003 134.3 13490 129.4Romania 19947311 31637 158.6 30813 154.5RussianFed. 143666931 671027 467.1 669167 465.8SanMarino 32520 4 12.3 4 12.3Serbia 7146759 10288 144.0 10046 140.6SlovakRep. 5415949 10179 187.9 10129 187.0Slovenia 2061085 1522 73.8 1503 72.9Spain(total) 46512199 65931 141.7 63888 137.4Spain(StateAdm.) 39095962 56391 144.2 56391 144.2Spain(Catalonia) 7416237 9540 128.6 9476 127.8Sweden 9644864 5861 60.8 5861 60.8Switzerland 8139631 6923 85.1 6349 78.0theFYROMacedonia 2065769 3116 150.8 3063 148.3Turkey 76667864 151451 197.5 147860 192.9Ukraine 45245894 92290 204.0 91751 202.8UK:Engl.&Wales 57134953 85509 149.7 84768 148.4UK:North.Ireland 1835847 1860 101.3 1821 99.2UK:Scotland 5337461 7879 147.6 7354 137.8Average 136.1 131.2Median 124.0 119.1Minimum 12.3 12.3Maximum 467.1 465.8



TABLE1.4:SITUATIONOFPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014BYDECREASINGPRISONPOPULATIONRATES(NON-ADJUSTEDVERSUSADJUSTEDFIGURES)


Country

Totalnumberofprisonersnon-

adjusted

Prisonpopulationratenon-adjusted↓

Country

Totalnumberofprisonersadjusted

Prisonpopulationrate–

adjusted↓

Diff.(%)betweentotal

numbers

1 RussianFed. 671027 467.1 1 RussianFed. 669167 465.8 0.32 Lithuania 8977 305.0 2 Lithuania 8819 299.6 1.83 Latvia 4809 240.3 3 Latvia 4772 238.4 0.84 Azerbaijan 22579 238.2 4 Azerbaijan 22500 237.4 0.35 Georgia 10233 227.9 5 Estonia 2876 218.6 2.96 Estonia 2962 225.1 6 Ukraine 91751 202.8 0.67 Ukraine 92290 204.0 7 Moldova 7140 200.6 0.48 Poland 77371 203.5 8 Turkey 147860 192.9 2.49 Moldova 7166 201.3 9 Poland 72681 191.2 6.110 Turkey 151451 197.5 10 SlovakRep. 10129 187.0 0.511 SlovakRep. 10179 187.9 11 Hungary 18270 185.0 0.012 Albania 5440 187.8 12 Albania 5346 184.6 1.713 Hungary 18270 185.0 13 CzechRep. 18551 176.5 0.614 CzechRep. 18658 177.5 14 Montenegro 1058 170.2 0.015 Montenegro 1058 170.2 15 Georgia 7089 157.9 30.716 Romania 31637 158.6 16 Romania 30813 154.5 2.617 TheFYROMacedonia 3116 150.8 17 UK:Engl.&Wales 84768 148.4 0.918 UK:Scotland 7879 147.6 18 TheFYROMacedonia 3063 148.3 1.719 Spain(StateAdm.) 56391 19 Spain(StateAdm.) 56391 144.2 0.020 Serbia 10288 144.2 20 Serbia 10046 140.6 2.421 Spain(total) 65931 144.0 21 UK:Scotland 7354 137.8 6.722 Portugal 14003 141.7 22 Spain(Catalonia) 9476 127.8 0.723 Malta 571 134.3 23 Armenia 3963 131.4 0.424 UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 133.0 24 Portugal 13490 148.4 3.725 Armenia 3979 131.9 25 Spain(total) 9476 127.8 0.726 Spain(Catalonia) 9540 128.6 26 Malta 510 119.9 10.727 Luxembourg 656 119.3 27 Luxembourg 650 118.3 0.928 France 77739 118.1 28 Bulgaria 7823 108.0 0.629 Belgium 13212 117.9 29 Greece 11604 106.4 3.330 Greece 12006 110.1 30 France 66869 101.6 14.031 Bulgaria 7870 108.6 31 UK:North.Ireland 1821 99.2 2.132 Austria 8857 104.1 32 Belgium 11013 98.3 16.633 UK:North.Ireland 1860 101.3 33 Austria 8332 97.9 5.934 Italy 54252 89.3 34 Italy 53312 87.7 1.735 Croatia 3763 88.6 35 Croatia 3693 87.0 1.936 Switzerland 6923 85.1 36 Ireland 3741 81.2 2.337 Ireland 3829 83.1 37 Switzerland 6349 78.0 8.338 Germany 65710 81.4 38 Germany 60688 75.1 7.639 Cyprus 681 79.4 39 Slovenia 1503 72.9 1.240 Monaco 28 74.1 40 Norway 3718 72.8 0.041 Slovenia 1522 73.8 41 Monaco 27 71.4 2.742 Norway 3718 72.8 42 Andorra 53 68.9 0.043 Andorra 53 68.9 43 BH:Rep.Srpska 925 65.1 1.644 BH:Rep.Srpska 940 66.1 44 Denmark 3583 63.7 0.045 Denmark 3583 63.7 45 Cyprus 523 61.0 23.246 Sweden 5861 60.8 46 Sweden 5861 60.8 0.047 Netherlands 9857 58.6 47 Netherlands 9573 56.9 2.948 Finland 3097 56.8 48 Finland 2939 53.9 5.149 Iceland 154 47.3 49 Iceland 154 47.3 0.050 Liechtenstein 8 21.5 50 Liechtenstein 8 21.5 0.051 SanMarino 4 12.3 51 SanMarino 4 12.3 0.0 Average 136.1 131.2

Median 124.0 119.1 Minimum 12.3 12.3 Maximum 467.1 465.8



NOTES–TABLES1.3AND1.4

InTables1.3and1.4,figureshavebeenadjustedaccordingtotheinformationprovidedbythecountriesonthecategoriesincludedandexcludedintheirtotalprisonpopulation(seeTable1.1).Indeed,inmanycountries, special institutions for thedetention of juvenile offenders, drug-addicts,mentally ill persons,and administrative aliens are not under the authority of the Prison Administration. As a consequence,personsheldintheseinstitutionsdonotappearinthetotalprisonpopulation.Onthecontrary,ascanbeseeninTable1.1,othercountriesincludeallorsomeofthesecategoriesintheirprisonpopulation.Thus,in order to produce figures on prison populations that are comparable across Europe, inTable1.3, allpersonsunderthesespecialregimeswereexcludedfromthetotalnumberofprisoners.

PRIVATEFACILITIES Persons held in private facilities were kept in the adjusted figures (Germany,Turkey,UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:Scotland).

The total adjusted number of prisoners corresponds, in principle, to thenumber of inmates held inpenal institutions foradult inmateswhichareunder theauthorityof thePrisonAdministration.Nevertheless,thesedatamustbeconsideredwithcautionastheadjustmentsdonotnecessarytakeintoaccountalltheparticularitiesofthestatisticalcountingrulesappliedbyeachcountry.

METHODOLOGICALREMARKS

ForBulgariaandHungary,Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].Theresultsoftheadjustmentsmadeontherawdatashowthattheaveragedifferencebetweenthenon-adjustedandtheadjustedfiguresislessthan5%(Table1.4).Onlyfourcountriesshowedadifferenceofmore than10%betweenboth figures:Georgia (30.7%),Cyprus (17.3%),Belgium (16.6%),andMalta(10.7%).In the special case ofGeorgia, the difference is explained by a high number of persons held in policestationswho are assimilated topre-trial detainees, andby a highnumber of personsunderElectronicmonitoringwhoaretakenintoaccountinthetotalnumberofprisoners.InthecaseofCyprus,thedifferenceisexplainedbyahighnumberofpersonsheldinpolicestationswhoareassimilatedtopre-trialdetaineesTheadjustmentsmadefortheNetherlands in thereportsbefore2009(untilSPACEI2009report)arenotcomparabletotheonesshowninthepresentreport.Thereasonisthat,since2010,theNetherlandsincludeonlyadult inmatesheldinpenal institutions,excludingthusjuveniles,mentally-illoffendersandadministrative aliens detained under special [custodial] regimes (see notes to Table 1.1), which werepreviously included in the total number of prisoners. In the present report, the adjustment ismadebyexcludingonlythecategoryofpersonsunderElectronicMonitoring(differenceonly2%).IntheSPACEI2009reporttheadjustmentconcernedalsojuveniles,personsheldincustodialclinicsandadministrativealiens(whichledtoadifferenceof28.6%).ForFrance,theadjustmentwasmadetakingintoaccountnotonlythefiguresprovidedinTable1.1.,butalsothecommentstothattable.Therefore,theadjustedfigure(66494)showstherealnumberofpersonsheldinpenalinstitutions(écrouésdétenus)andexcludesallthosewhowerenotdefactoheldincustody.



PC-CP(2015)7

TABLE1.5:EVO

LUTIO

NOFPRISO

NPO

PULATIO

NSBETW

EEN2005A

ND2014

(a) Totalnum

berofinmates(includingpre-trialdetainees)on1

stSeptemberofeachyear(sourceSP

ACEI)*;

(b) Prisonpopulationrateper100000inhabitantson1

stSeptemberofeachyear(source:SP

ACEI)*;

(c) Change2005-2014=E

volution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2005

and2014;

(d) Change2013-2014=E

volution(inpercentage)ofprisonpopulationratesbetween2013

and2014.

*N.B.–Forsom

ecountries,theaccuratereferencedatemayvaryacrossyears(seeSP

ACEI2005to2014fordetails).N

ationalpopulationfigureshavebeenupdatedforallyears(seeNotes)


Country2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

(c)

(d)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)Albania

3425109.3

3884123.3

...…

5041159.0

4482140.7

4750148.2

4772168.5

4890173.7

4998172.4

5440187.8

71.99.0

Andorra…

…

3038.2

…

…

6072.2

6880.5

3642.8

3642.3

4152.5

4761.6

5368.9

…

16.1Arm

enia2822

87.85682

176.53462

107.43825

118.43989

123.24918

151.34514

138.44714

144.04698

155.23979

131.950.3

-15.0Austria

8767106.9

8780106.4

8887107.3

789995.0

8423100.8

8597102.6

8767104.3

8756104.1

8831104.5

8857104.1

-2.6-0.4

Azerbaijan16969

203.317809

211.1…

…

20986243.2

20470230.1

21904243.4

23191254.5

21034227.8

20327217.3

22579238.2

17.29.7

Belgium

937189.7

997194.9

987993.3

1023495.9

10901101.4

11382105.0

11825107.5

12310111.0

12697113.8

13212117.9

31.43.7

BH:BiH

(st.level)…

…

18…

…

…

19…

…

…

20…

20…

…

….

17…

…

…

…

…

BH:Fed.BiH

1344

47.2…

…

155754.7

…

…

161956.8

173660.6

167158.3

170072.7

…

…

…

…

…

…

BH:Rep.Srpska

102972.9

95265.9

92864.5

92464.3

96167.0

104673.0

105473.7

106274.3

100370.4

94066.1

-9.3-6.0

Bulgaria140.2

11'436147.4

11'058143.3

10'271133.7

9'408123.1

9'006118.4

9'3799'885

131.79'493

130.38'834

121.37870

108.6-31.1

-10.4Croatia

348578.4

383386.3

412792.9

4734106.7

4891110.3

5165116.7

5084115.2

4741110.9

4352102.1

376388.6

12.9-13.2

Cyprus529

72.2599

80.5834

110.0831

107.0883

110.8900

109.9905

107.8930

107.9811

93.7681

79.425.6

-15.3CzechRepublic

19052186.4

18912184.5

18901183.7

20502197.5

22021210.4

21955209.0

23170220.9

22644215.5

16266154.7

18658177.5

-4.814.7

Denm

ark4132

76.43759

69.33624

66.53451

63.03721

67.53944

71.33947

71.03829

68.64091

73.03583

63.7-16.6

-12.8Estonia

4410327.3

4310320.5

3456257.4

3656272.6

3555265.2

3470258.9

3385252.6

3417257.8

3256246.6

2962225.1

-31.2-8.7

Finland3823

73.03714

70.73624

68.73531

66.63589

67.43316

62.03261

60.73196

59.23126

57.63097

56.8-22.2

-1.4France

5758291.7

5787691.5

6350099.8

66712104.2

66307103.0

66925103.4

72326111.3

76407117.1

78363119.5

77739118.0

28.67-1.2

Georgia8668

200.613419

304.918384

418.319507

445.219825

452.123684

533.924186

541.223227

516.48868

198.110233

227.913.6

15.0Germ

any78992

95.779146

96.077868

94.674706

90.973263

89.371634

87.670931

86.869268

86.267681

84.165710

81.4-15.0

-3.2Greece

958986.5

1011390.9

1070095.8

11798105.2

1108098.4

11934105.6

12479110.3

…

…

13238120.3

12006110.1

27.3-8.0

Hungary

16394162.4

15591154.7

14892147.9

15079150.1

15724156.8

16459164.4

17413174.4

17585177.1

18313184.8

18'270185.0

13.90.1

Iceland119

40.5119

39.7115

37.4140

44.4118

36.9165

51.9149

46.8152

47.6152

47.2154

47.316.7

0.1Ireland

…

…

313574.5

330576.6

352380.0

391988.1

435297.4

425793.1

432394.3

406588.5

382983.1

…

-6.1Italy

59649102.0

3830965.2

4561277.1

5583193.6

63981106.6

68345113.3

67104110.7

66271111.6

64835108.6

5425289.3

-12.5-17.8

Latvia7228

313.46531

284.66452

282.86544

288.26999

309.56778

301.56556

316.06195

303.05205

257.24809

240.3-23.3

-6.6Liechtenstein

1028.9

1028.6

617.1

1028.3

719.7

1439.0

1336.0

821.9

924.4

821.5

-25.4-11.8

Lithuania7993

233.48078

237.47842

231.77744

230.08295

247.68887

267.09504

311.310033

334.09621

323.78977

305.030.7

-5.8Luxem

bourg693

150.3755

161.0744

156.2673

139.1679

137.6690

137.4644

125.8659

125.6717

133.5656

119.3-21.6

-10.6Malta

…

29874.0

34384.7

…

…

577140.6

494119.4

583140.7

599144.1

622149.0

577136.9

134.281.4

-2.0Moldova

8990249.7

8817245.6

8130227.0

7252203.0

6769189.7

6415180.0

6337178.0

6621186.0

6666187.3

7166201.3

-19.47.5

Monaco

…

34102.8

37113.5

36110.2

3496.2

2364.5

1233.4

3290.3

41109.1

2928

74.1-27.9

-3.4




Country2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

(c)

(d)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)(a)

(b)Montenegro

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

…

986156.5

1438233.3

1328214.2

1229198.1

1142183.9

1058170.2

…

-7.2Netherlands

1539094.4

1374784.2

1291979.0

1179971.9

1162970.5

1173770.8

1157969.5

1132467.7

1054762.9

985758.6

-56.2-6.8

Norw

ay3097

67.23164

68.23280

70.13278

69.23285

68.43636

74.83535

71.83551

71.23649

72.23718

72.88.3

0.8Poland

82656216.5

88647232.3

90199236.6

83152218.2

84003220.3

80728211.5

81382211.2

84156221.1

78994207.5

77371203.5

-6.0-0.7

Portugal12889

122.412636

119.611587

109.310807

101.811099

104.411613

109.212681

119.913614

129.114284

136.214003

134.39.7

-1.4Rom

ania37929

175.135910

166.231290

145.127262

126.627028

125.728191

131.429823

139.331883

158.733122

165.431637

158.6-9.4

-4.1RussianFed.

823672574.1

871609610.6

871609612.9

887723625.1

880671620.6

838500590.8

780100546.1

717400501.5

681622475.0

671027467.1

-18.6-1.7

SanMarino

13.4

13.3

13.3

26.2

26.4

00.0

26.3

13.0

26.0

412.3

265.393.4

Serbia7775

104.38553

115.28978

121.49510

129.110262

139.911197

153.210955

150.611070

153.410031

139.710288

144.038.0

3.1SlovakRepublic

9289172.5

8657160.6

8235152.7

8313153.9

9170169.4

10068185.6

10713198.7

11075204.9

10152187.6

10179187.9

9.00.2

Slovenia1132

56.71301

64.91336

66.51318

65.61365

67.21351

66.01273

62.11377

67.01360

66.11522

73.830.3

11.8Spain(total)

61269138.9

64120143.4

66467147.0

71778155.5

78342167.6

75859161.3

71995156.0

69621148.7

68099145.7

65931141.7

-0.4-2.7

Spain(St.Adm.)

…

…

…

…

57072150.2

61939159.7

67986173.1

65098164.8

61279158.3

59410149.7

58089148.0

56391144.2

…

-2.5Spain(Catalonia)

…

…

…

…

9395130.3

9839133.6

10356138.5

10761143.2

10716144.1

10211134.9

10010133.8

9540128.6

…

-3.9Sweden

705478.3

717579.3

677074.3

685374.6

714777.2

692274.1

674271.6

643167.8

586861.4

586160.8

-22.4-1.0

Switzerland

611182.4

588878.9

571576.1

578076.1

608479.0

618179.4

606577.1

659983.0

707288.0

692385.1

3.2-3.3

FYROMacedonia

2132104.8

2038100.0

2050100.4

2235109.3

2461120.1

2516122.6

2515122.2

2543123.5

2846138.0

3116150.8

44.09.3

Turkey54296

75.867795

93.585865

123.299416

140.8115540

161.6120391

165.9126725

171.9120275

161.0136147

180.0151451

197.5160.5

9.7Ukraine

179519381.1

165408353.8

154055331.5

148339321.1

146394318.5

152169332.4

158532347.7

151122332.5

…

…

92290204.0

-46.5…

UK:E&

W

76190142.6

77982145.1

79734147.4

83194152.8

83454152.3

85002153.9

85374152.0

86048152.1

83842147.2

85509149.7

4.91.7

UK:NIR

133777.5

150286.2

144582.1

152385.8

145681.4

147582.0

170394.3

177997.6

182299.6

1860101.3

30.71.7

UK:SCO

6795

133.47192

140.67453

144.98088

156.58113

156.27890

151.18267

157.38145

153.37928

148.87879

147.610.7

-0.8

Source:SPACEI2005toSP

ACEI2014

NB1:T

hePrisonP

opulationRatesforAzerbaijan

arerecalculatedfor2010and2011includingonlyinmatesm

anagedbythePrisonServiceandthepre-traildetention

facilityundertheMinistryofN

ationalSecurity.

NB2:T

hePrisonP

opulationRatesforBulgariaarerecalculatedforthew

holeseries(2004-2013)byexcludingtheinmatesheldintheinvestigativedetentionfacilities

[IDF],becausetheaccuratenum

beroftheseinmatesism

issingfor2013.Theevolutionshouldbeconsideredaspartialastherealnum

berofthetotalprisonpopulationisnotavailable.

NB3:T

hePrisonP

opulationRatesfortheN

etherlandsarefullyrecalculatedinthewholeseriesonthebasisofthefiguresavailablein2012(i.e.onlyadultinm

ates).



TABLE1.6:YEAR-TO-YEARPERCENTAGECHANGEOFPRISONPOPULATIONRATESBETWEEN2013AND2014



Tables 1.5 and 1.6 are based on non-adjusted figures in order to ensure comparabilitywith data frompreviousyears. Inorderto increaseaccuracy, thepercentagesshownin inTable1.6werecalculatedonthebasisoftherawdataprovidedbythecountries.

InTable1.5,previousrateswererecalculated.Therecalculationtookintoaccount:

(a) Modificationstopreviousfiguresprovidedbythecountries,and

(b) Updatestothenationaldemographicdata(totalpopulation)foreachyearmadebyEurostat.

Indeed,whenproducingannualSPACEreports,sometimesonlyestimatesofthedemographicalsituationineachcountryareavailable.Thismethodologicallimitationledtosomedistortionsforcountrieswherethecalculationsarebasedonestimatesorprovisionaldata.Inthatcontext,thefirstSPACEreportsuseddata fromtheCouncilofEuropedemographicreports,whichareno longerproduced.Consequently,welater revised the results forall these countriesand increased the comparabilitybyusing the samedatasourcefordemographicaldatainalmostallCoEMemberStates.

Currently, the main source for national population data is the Eurostat database, which is updatedconstantlyandincludesfiguresforsomeofnon-EUcountriesaswell.Thus,inordertoreduceasmuchaspossibletheeffectsofdifferentestimationproceduresandtousethelatestavailabledata,themajorityoftherecalculatedrateswerebasedontheEurostatfiguresofnationalpopulations.

Figures retrieved from theEurostatdatabase relate to1st Januaryof each referenceyear.However, thelackofinformationforsomecountriesornationalentitiesrequiredtheuseofdatafromothersources(formoredetails,seeChapterDemographicData).

InTable1.6,percentagesforthetwoPrisonAdministrationsofSpain(StateAdministrationandCatalonia)

Romania -4.1Spain(Catalonia) -3.9Monaco (-3.4)Switzerland -3.3Germany -3.2Spain(total) -2.7Spain(StateAdm.) -2.5Malta -2.0 RussianFed. -1.7 Italy -17.8Portugal -1.4 Cyprus -15.2Finland -1.4 Armenia -15.0France -1.2 Croatia -13.2Sweden -1.0 Denmark -12.8

Moldova 7.5 Poland -0.7 Liechtenstein (-11.8)Albania 9.0 UK:Scotland -0.8 Bulgaria -10.4TheFYROMacedonia 9.3 Austria -0.4 Luxembourg -10.6Azerbaijan 9.7 Hungary 0.1 Estonia -8.7Turkey 9.7 Iceland 0.1 Greece -8.0Slovenia 11.8 SlovakRep. 0.2 Montenegro -7.2CzechRep. 14.7 Norway 0.8 Netherlands -6.8France 15.5 UK:Engl.&Wales 1.7 Latvia -6.6Georgia 15.0 UK:North.Ireland 1.7 Ireland -6.1Andorra (16.1) Serbia 3.1 BH:Rep.Srpska -6.0SanMarino (93.4) Belgium 3.7 Lithuania -5.8

Increaseofmorethan5% Between-5%and+5% Decreaseofmorethan5%



were calculated separately. Though,we included the national total trend aswell. This indicator for thewholecountryispresentedundertheheading“Spain(total)”.

Forcountrieswhosetotalnumberofinmatesislowerthan50,theincreaseordecreasepercentagesarepresentedbetweenbrackets(Andorra,Liechtenstein,Monaco,andSanMarino).ThefigureforSanMarinois largelyinfluencedbytheverysmalltotalnumberof inmatesheldinthecountry(usuallylessthan10persons).Therefore,thesevariationsinthiscountryareoftenextreme.

BULGARIA

(1) Since 2004, all Bulgarian inputs included persons held in the Investigative Detention Facilities[IDF].Thecorrectedseriesfortheperiodlastingfrom2005until2012arethefollowing:2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

PPR 157.7 PPR 158.3 PPR 143.7 PPR 140.3 PPR 131.8 PPR 138.4 PPR 151.1 PPR 145.5

Total 12240 Total 12218 Total 11032 Total 10723 Total 10028 Total 10470 Total 11137 Total 10663

IDF 804 IDF 1160 IDF 761 IDF 1315 IDF 1022 IDF 1091 IDF 1252 IDF 1170

Prisons 11436 Prisons 11058 Prisons 10271 Prisons 9408 Prisons 9006 Prisons 9379 Prisons 9885 Prisons 9493

ü In2013, theaccurate figures fromIDFaremissing.This lackofreliable informationpushedtheauthors of this report to review the whole series since 2004 until 2013 (see Table 1.5) andrecalculatetheprisonpopulationratesonlyforprisons.

CYPRUS

ü ForthecalculationsinTable1.5weuseddataincludingdetaineesheldinpolicestations.Yet,thisinformation has probably not been provided for 2004. Since 2005, the information on thedistributionbycategoriesofprisonersindifferenttypesofpenalinstitutions(policestationsandprisoninstitution)isavailable.Asaconsequence,thepercentagechangebetween2004and2013shouldbeinterpretedcautiously.

ü Forthecalculations inTable 1.6weusedthetotalnumberofprisoners including thoseheld inpolicestations.Thetotalnumberofprisoners in2013was811andin2014itwas681inmatesrespectively.Thus,thedecreaseobservedinTable1.6isaccurate.

ITALY

ü Italian data until 2003 included juveniles in the total prison population. Since 2004 thesecategories of inmates are no longer counted. Thus, data on the series from 2004 to 2013presentedinthisreportarefullycomparable.

THENETHERLANDS

ü All the figures for the Netherlands have been recalculated by excluding the data on all theavailablecategoriesfor:

ü Juvenileoffendersinfacilitiesforjuvenileoffendersü Personsheldincustodialclinics(TBS)placedthereunderhospitalorders,andü Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons

ü TheonlyadditionalcategoryincludedasbeingmanagedbyPrisonAdministrationisthecategoryofpeopleunderElectronicMonitoring.

ü IntheTable1.6weusedtherawdatawhichrelatetothesamecategoriesincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonersin2012andin2013.ThesecategoriesincludeadultinmatesheldinregularpenalinstitutionsaswellaspersonsunderElectronicMonitoring.

SPAIN

ü Table1.5:Inordertoensuretheaccuracyofthecomparisonswiththepreviousyears’data,weaddedCataloniandatainthetotalnumberofprisoners(Spaintotal=StateAdministration+Catalonia),andwerecalculatedthewholeprisonpopulationrateforthecountry.

ü Table1.6:ThetrendsforStateAdministrationandforCataloniaarepresentedseparately.



TABLE2:AGEANDCRIMINALRESPONSIBILITY


CountryAgeofcriminalresponsibility

Minimalagefortheapplicationofcustodialsanctionsandmeasures

Ageofcriminalmajority

Albania 14 14 18Andorra 14 14 18Armenia 14 14 18Austria 14 14 18Azerbaijan 14 14 18Belgium NAP 14 18BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 14 14 18Bulgaria 14 14 18Croatia 14 14 18/21Cyprus 14 14 16CzechRep. 15 15 18Denmark 15 15 18Estonia 14 14 18Finland 15 15 18/21France 13 16 18Georgia 14 14 18Germany 14 14 21Greece 15 15 18Hungary 14 14 14Iceland 15 15 18Ireland 12 12 18Italy 14 14 18Latvia 14 14 18Liechtenstein 14 14 14Lithuania 14 14 18Luxembourg 16 16 18Malta 14 14 18Moldova 14 14 18Monaco 13 13 18Montenegro 14 16 18Netherlands 12 12 18Norway 15 15 18Poland 13 15 17Portugal 16 NAP 21Romania 16 14 18RussianFed. 14 14 18SanMarino 14 14 18Serbia 14 14 18SlovakRep. 14 14 18Slovenia 14 16 18/21Spain(total) 14 14 18Spain(StateAdm.) 14 14 18Spain(Catalonia) 14 14 18Sweden 15 18 18Switzerland 10 15 18theFYROMacedonia 14 16 18Turkey 12 12 18Ukraine 14 16 18UK:Engl.&Wales 10 15 18UK:North.Ireland 10 10 18UK:Scotland 8/12 16 18/21



TABLE2.1.:MINORSANDPERSONSAGED18ANDOVERON1STSEPTEMBER2014

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.2.2.a

Country

Totalnumberofinmates(incl.pre-trial

detainees)

Custodialinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

Educationalinstitutions/unitsforjuvenileoffenders

Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)

Howmany?

Ofwhichaged18andover

Incl.(Yes)/Excl.(No)

Howmany?

Ofwhichaged18and

over

Albania 5440 Yes 94 No NAP *** ***Andorra 53 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Armenia 3979 Yes 16 NA NAP *** ***Austria 8857 Yes 96 No No *** ***Azerbaijan 18702 Yes 79 0 No *** ***Belgium 13212 Yes 91 38 No *** ***BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 826 Yes 15 10 NAP *** ***Bulgaria 7201 Yes 47 15 NAP *** ***Croatia 3763 Yes 70 30 No *** ***Cyprus 539 Yes 14 11 NAP *** ***CzechRep. 18658 Yes 107 64 NAP *** ***Denmark 3583 No *** *** NAP *** ***Estonia 2962 Yes 86 71 No *** ***Finland 3097 NAP *** *** No *** ***France 77739 Yes 248 0 No *** ***Georgia 10233 Yes 85 2 NAP *** ***Germany 65710 Yes 4910 4410 No *** ***Greece 12006 Yes 402 0 NAP *** ***Hungary 18270 No *** *** No *** ***Iceland 154 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Ireland 3829 Yes 48 0 NAP *** ***Italy 54252 No *** *** NAP *** ***Latvia 3432 Yes 37 11 No *** ***Liechtenstein 8 No *** *** No *** ***Lithuania 7654 Yes 158 78 No *** ***Luxembourg 656 Yes 6 1 No *** ***Malta 571 Yes 11 0 No *** ***Moldova 5712 Yes 26 8 No *** ***Monaco 28 Yes 1 0 Yes 0 0Montenegro 1058 Yes NA NA NA *** ***Netherlands 9857 No *** *** No *** ***Norway 3718 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Poland 77371 NAP *** *** NAP *** ***Portugal 14003 Yes 238 229 NAP *** ***Romania 31637 Yes 697 501 Yes 127 29RussianFed. 511944 Yes 1860 434 NAP *** ***SanMarino 4 Yes 0 0 NAP *** ***Serbia 10288 No *** *** Yes 242 171SlovakRep. 10179 Yes 50 No No *** ***Slovenia 1522 Yes 2 2 Yes 17 12Spain(total) 65931 No *** *** No *** ***Spain(St.Adm.) 56391 0 0 0 0 0 0Spain(Catalonia) 9540 No *** *** No *** ***Sweden 4319 No *** *** No *** ***Switzerland 6923 Yes 178 177 Yes 24 15FYROMacedonia 3116 Yes 53 32 No *** ***Turkey 151451 Yes 1774 *** Yes 515 416Ukraine 92290 NAP *** *** Yes 539 223UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 Yes 741 0 NAP *** ***UK:North.Ireland 1860 Yes 38 0 No *** ***

UK:Scotland 7879 Yes 525 461 No *** ***



TABLE2.2:MINORSAMONGINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2014

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.2.2.b

CountryNumberof

femalesagedlessthan18

Numberoffemaleinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

%ofminorsamongfemale

inmates

Numberofmalesagedlessthan18

Numberofmaleinmates(incl.pre-trialdetainees)

%ofminorsamongmaleinmates

Albania 0 88 0.0 94 5352 1.8Andorra 0 10 0.0 0 43 0.0Armenia 0 191 0.0 10 3788 0.3Austria 7 536 1.3 92 8321 1.1Azerbaijan 2 639 0.3 77 21940 0.4Belgium 1 609 0.2 87 12603 0.7BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 0 17 0.0 0 923 0.0Bulgaria 1 259 0.4 47 7611 0.6Croatia 5 190 2.6 42 3573 1.2Cyprus 0 42 0.0 3 497 0.6CzechRep. 1 1170 0.1 42 17488 0.2Denmark 0 145 0.0 9 3438 0.3Estonia 3 157 1.9 29 2805 1.0Finland 0 248 0.0 3 2849 0.1France 48 2838 1.7 665 74901 0.9Georgia 0 253 0.0 83 9980 0.8Germany NA NA NA NA 61976 NAGreece NA 578 NA NA 11428 NAHungary 0 1411 0.0 0 16859 0.0Iceland 0 3 0.0 0 151 0.0Ireland 3 146 2.1 45 3683 1.2Italy NA 2308 NA NA 51944 NALatvia 1 337 0.3 12 4472 0.3Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 0 8 0.0Lithuania 1 385 0.3 84 8592 1.0Luxembourg 0 26 0.0 5 630 0.8Malta 0 35 0.0 0 536 0.0Moldova 1 442 0.2 17 6724 0.3Monaco 0 3 0.0 1 25 4.0Montenegro 0 19 0.0 6 1039 0.6Netherlands 0 522 0.0 0 9335 0.0Norway 0 190 0.0 9 3528 0.3Poland NA 2527 NA NA 74844 NAPortugal 0 841 0.0 21 13162 0.2Romania 18 1568 1.1 320 30069 1.1RussianFed. 110 55071 0.2 1316 615956 0.2SanMarino 0 1 0.0 0 3 0.0Serbia 4 332 1.2 80 9956 0.8SlovakRep. 2 678 0.3 82 9501 0.9Slovenia 0 89 0.0 5 1433 0.3Spain(total) NAP 4987 NAP NAP 60944 NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 0 4346 0.0 0 52045 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 0 641 0.0 0 8899 0.0Sweden 1 333 0.3 11 5528 0.2Switzerland 2 328 0.6 23 6595 0.3theFYROMacedonia 0 102 0.0 23 3014 0.8Turkey 54 5476 1.0 1720 145975 1.2Ukraine 24 4964 0.5 292 87326 0.3UK:Engl.&Wales 0 3929 0.0 741 81580 0.9UK:North.Ireland 3 61 4.9 35 1799 1.9UK:Scotland 3 425 0.7 61 7454 0.8Average 0.5 0.6

Median 0.0 0.3

Minimum 0.0 0.0

Maximum 4.9 4.0



NOTES–TABLES2,2.1AND2.2.

AUSTRIAü There is only one prison for juvenile offenders, but in fact also convicts aged over 18 are

detainedinthisinstitution.AsthisspecialisedprisonislocatedinLowerAustria,notallAustrianjuvenile offenders serve their sentence there. The others are spread over the other Austrianprisons,wherespecialiseddepartmentsforyoungoffendersareestablished.

ü Thefigureoncustodialinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersonlyincludejuvenileoffenderwithlessthan18yearsold.

CROATIAü Figureson31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

CYPRUS

ü Figures refers to inmates held in the prison institution only (figures for those held in policestationswereexcluded fromthecalculations).Therefore, figuresandcalculationsprovided fortables2.2.Aand2.2.Band2.3arebasedonatotalprisonpopulationof539inmates(figuresondetaineesheldinpolicestationswereexcluded).

ü There isnoexpressdefinitionof the terms 'adult' and 'juvenile'.Under the JuvenileOffenders'Law(Ch.157), the JuvenileCourthears chargesagainst 'children'or 'youngpersons'.This lawdefines'child'asapersonundertheageof14and'youngperson'asapersonwhois14yearsofageorolderandunder theageof16years.Thereforea juvenile is aperson fallingwithin theabovedefinitionof'child'or'youngperson'.AccordingtotheCriminalCode,“apersonundertheageof14isnotcriminallyresponsibleforanyactoromission”.

FRANCEü Figureson1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Figuresareonthetotalnumberof inmatesmanagedbyPrisonAdministration(“écroués”)and

notonlythosewhoaredefactoheldinpenalinstitutions(“écrouésdétenus”).GEORGIA

ü Figureson31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.GERMANY

ü Figuresareon31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

GREECE

Ageofcriminalmajority:accordingtotheGreeklegislationsanctionsareinforceuntil21yearsold.IRELAND

ü Ageofcriminalresponsibilityis12yearsold,exceptforcasesofmurder,manslaughter,rapeorserioussexualassault.Forthischargestheagelimitisloweredto10yearsold.

ü Thereare3childrendetentionschoolsinIrelandprovidingplacesforboysuptoage17andgirlsuptoage18orderedtoberemandedincustodyorcommittedtoserveasentence.All3schoolsare locatedatasingle location.Theschoolsdeliverachildcaremodelofdetention focusedoneducation and rehabilitation of those young people detained in order to address offendingbehaviourandsupporttheirearlycommunityre-integration.

ü Theaverageageofpopulationinchildrendetentionschoolswas16years(notincludedinfigureabove).

ü The median age of population in children detention schools was 15.5 years (not included infigureabove).

LITHUANIAü Figureson1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

LATVIAü Figureson1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Figurespresented in this table concernonly thepopulationheld inpenal institutions,without

juvenileoffenders,peopleincustodialclinics,andadministrativealiens.



MOLDOVAü According to the Moldovan legislation, if the person turns 18, he/she can continue to serve

his/hersentenceinjuvenileprisonsandkeepthe“juvenile”statusupto23yearsold.THENETHERLANDS

ü Figurespresented in this table concernonly thepopulationheld inpenal institutions,withoutjuvenileoffenders,peopleincustodialclinics,andadministrativealiens.

NORWAYü TherearenojuvenilecourtsinNorway,noristherespeciallegislationforyoungoffendersover

theageof15.TheGeneralPenalCodemakeshoweversomespecialprovisionsforthosebetweentheageof15and18.

PORTUGALü Figuresareon31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Table 2.1:Personsaged from16to less than21yearsareyoungadultsandare triedundera

speciallawwhichisspecifictothem.SWEDEN

ü Figuresareon1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Table2:areincludedonlysentencedprisoners.

SWITZERLAND

ü Figuresareon3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.UKENGLAND&WALES

ü Figureson30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Table 2.1:Theageoflegalresponsibility inScotland is8.However,childrenbetween8and12cannotbeprosecuted incriminalcourtsbutmustbereferredto thechildren'shearingsystem.Childrenaged12ormorecanbeprosecutedinthecriminalcourtsforparticularlyseriouscases.Themajority of offenders under the age of 16 are currently dealtwith through the children'shearings system rather than the criminal courts. The hearings system also deals with someyoung people aged 16 and 17. Offenders aged 18 and above are dealtwith through the adultcriminal justicesystem,butprisonersunder21areheldinseparateaccommodation.Offendersunder 16 may be held in secure residential accommodation on offence grounds but are notincludedinthesefigures.Moreinformationisavailableathttp://dera.ioe.ac.uk/10457/1/SB11-53.pdf

In Italy, Portugal, and Spain juvenile offenders are managed by other authorities than the PrisonAdministration. In Cyprus, Norway, and Sweden, the definition of juvenile offender and the specialregimeappliedtothiscategoryofoffendershavesomeparticularitieswhichshouldbetakenintoaccountwhendoingcross-sectionalcomparisons(seepreviousnotes).



13 out of 47 entities presented inTable 2.3 donotincludepersonsheldincustodialinstitutionsfor juvenile offenders in the calculation ofaverage and median ages: Denmark, Finland,Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Liechtenstein, theNetherlands, Norway, Poland, San Marino,Spain (St. level), Spain (Catalonia), andSweden. For Bulgaria the calculations of theaverage andmedianweremade by the authorsof the reporton thebasisof rawdataprovidedby national correspondents. For Germany,Latvia,Lithuania,andSwedentheaverageandthe median ages are calculated only forsentenced prisoners. Finally, average andmedian values for Cyprus are based onpopulationheldinprison(withoutpersonsheldinpolicestations).

Ireland: Themean (average) age of populationin children detention schools is 16 years (notincludedinfigureofTable2.3).Themedianageofpopulation in childrendetention schoolswas15.5years(notincludedinfigureofTable2.3).

FIGURE2:COUNTRIESWITHTHEYOUNGEST(LESSTHAN34YEARS)PRISONPOPULATIONCLASSIFIEDBYDECREASING

MEDIANAGE

TABLE2.3:AVERAGEANDMEDIANAGESOFTHEPRISONPOPULATIONON1ST

SEPTEMBER2014


CountryAverageageoftheprisonpop.

Medianageoftheprisonpop.

Albania 33 26Andorra 35.62 31Armenia NA NAAustria 35.7 34Azerbaijan 35 NABelgium 36.2 34BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska NA NABulgaria 37.49 44.58Croatia 37.5 36.26Cyprus 36.7 35CzechRep. 37.8 35Denmark 34.9 32Estonia 36 34Finland 37.4 35.5France 34.6 31.9Georgia NA NAGermany NA NAGreece NA NAHungary 36.5 NAIceland 33.55 32Ireland 34 32Italy 40 39Latvia 34 39Liechtenstein 39 44Lithuania 34.2 31Luxembourg 35.73 34Malta NA NAMoldova NA NAMonaco 26 28Montenegro 35 34Netherlands 35.5 34Norway 36 35Poland 36.24 34Portugal 38.4 36.4Romania 35 33RussianFed. NA NASanMarino 51.75 51.75Serbia 36.23 35SlovakRep. NA NASlovenia NA NASpain(total) 38.3 37Spain(StateAdm.) NA NASpain(Catalonia) 37.7 36Sweden 37 35Switzerland NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 33.25 38Turkey 35 33Ukraine NA NAUK:Engl.&Wales 35 32UK:North.Ireland 35 31UK:Scotland NA NAAverage 36.0 34.9

Median 35.7 34.0

Minimum 26.0 26.0

Maximum 51.8 51.826

28

31

31

31

32

32

32

32

32

33

33

34

34

34

34

34

34

0 10 20 30 40

Albania

Monaco

Andorra

Lithuania

UK:North.Ireland

France

Denmark

Iceland

Ireland

UK:Engl.&Wales

Romania

Turkey

Austria

Belgium

Estonia

Luxembourg

Montenegro

Netherlands



TABLE3.A:FEMALEINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2014


Country


Numberoffemaleinmates

%offemalesinthetotal

numberof

inmates

Numberof

foreignfemales

%offoreignfemalesinthenumberoffemaleinmates

Numberoffemalepre-trialdetainees

%ofpre-trialfemale

detaineesinthenumberoffemaleinmates

Numberof

femalesagedless

than18

%offemalesaged<18inthenumberoffemaleinmates

Albania 5440 88 1.6 2 2.3 51 58.0 0 0.0Andorra 53 10 18.9 7 70.0 9 90.0 0 0.0Armenia 3979 191 4.8 5 2.6 36 18.8 0 0.0Austria 8857 536 6.1 225 42.0 115 21.5 7 1.3Azerbaijan 22579 639 2.8 21 3.3 152 23.8 2 0.3Belgium 13212 609 4.6 179 29.4 210 34.5 1 0.2BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 940 17 1.8 0 0.0 3 17.6 0 0.0Bulgaria [7870] [259] [3.3] [2] [0.8] [21] [8.1] [1] [0.4]Croatia 3763 190 5.0 10 5.3 42 22.1 5 2.6Cyprus 539 42 7.6 30 71.4 11 26.2 0 0.0CzechRep. 18658 1170 6.3 93 7.9 145 12.4 1 0.1Denmark 3583 145 4.0 44 30.3 62 42.8 0 0.0Estonia 2962 157 5.3 11 7.0 40 25.5 3 1.9Finland 3097 248 8.0 40 16.1 65 26.2 0 0.0France 77739 2838 3.7 639 22.5 698 24.6 48 1.7Georgia 10233 253 2.5 25 9.9 50 19.8 0 0.0Germany 65710 3734 5.7 NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 12006 578 4.8 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 18270 1411 7.7 39 2.8 0 0.0 0 0.0Iceland 154 3 1.9 1 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0Ireland 3829 146 3.8 20 13.7 25 17.1 3 2.1Italy 54252 2308 4.3 870 37.7 704 30.5 NA NALatvia 4809 337 7.0 3 0.9 89 26.4 1 0.3Liechtenstein 8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0Lithuania 8977 385 4.3 3 0.8 38 9.9 1 0.3Luxembourg 656 26 4.0 15 57.7 11 42.3 0 0.0Malta [571] [35] [6.1] [17] [48.6] [8] [22.9] [0] [0.0]Moldova 7166 442 6.2 4 0.9 112 25.3 1 0.2Monaco 28 3 10.7 3 100.0 2 66.7 0 0.0Montenegro 1058 19 1.8 7 36.8 10 52.6 0 0.0Netherlands 9857 522 5.3 103 19.7 217 41.6 0 0.0Norway 3718 190 5.1 47 24.7 54 28.4 0 0.0Poland 77371 2527 3.3 25 1.0 284 12.2 NA NAPortugal 14003 841 6.0 205 24.4 211 25.1 0 0.0Romania 31637 1568 5.0 9 0.6 160 10.2 18 1.1RussianFed. 671027 55071 8.2 NA NA 10078 18.3 110 0.2SanMarino 4 1 25.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0Serbia 10288 332 3.2 3 0.9 32 9.6 4 1.2SlovakRep. 10179 678 6.7 10 1.5 77 11.4 2 0.3Slovenia 1522 89 5.8 13 14.6 12 13.5 0 0.0Spain(total) 65931 4987 7.6 1548 31.0 771 15.5 NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 56391 4346 7.7 1308 30.1 672 15.5 0 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 9540 641 6.7 240 37.4 99 15.4 0 0.0Sweden 5861 333 5.7 NA NA 88 26.4 1 0.3Switzerland 6923 328 4.7 NA NA 116 35.4 2 0.6theFYROMacedonia 3116 102 3.3 6 5.9 13 12.7 0 0.0Turkey 151451 5476 3.6 316 5.8 795 14.5 54 1.0Ukraine 92290 4964 5.4 NA NA 1212 24.4 24 0.5UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 3929 4.6 518 13.2 483 12.3 0 0.0UK:North.Ireland 1860 61 3.3 10 16.4 23 37.7 3 4.9UK:Scotland 7879 425 5.4 14 3.3 92 21.6 3 0.7Average 5.6 19.4 25.8 0.5Median 5.0 11.5 22.5 0.0Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 25.0 100.0 100.0 4.9



NOTES–TABLE3.A.

BELGIUMü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeigners.

BULGARIAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

CYPRUSü Figurespresented inTable3Aarebasedona totalof539 inmatesheld inPrison institution

(for142personsheldinpolicestationsthebreakdownbycategoriesofsexisnotavailable).CZECHREPUBLIC


DENMARKü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

ESTONIAü Thereare897inmatesconsideredas“stateless”persons.Thesepersonsarenotconsideredas

being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is a personwho has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.

FRANCEü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü The breakdown of female inmates is to be carried forward to the total number of inmates

whichhavethestatusof“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions).

GEORGIAü Datarelatesto31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

GERMANYü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

ICELANDü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

ITALYü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

LUXEMBOURGü Stateless inmates and thosewith unknown nationality andarenot included as foreigners in

Table3.1.MALTAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].THENETHERLANDS

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.




PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

ROMANIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Juveniles(pre-trialandsentenced)arenotincluded.ü Thenumberofjuvenilefemaleinmatesareagedlessthan19yearsold(ratherthan18).

SERBIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

SWEDENü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Pre-trialfemaleinmatesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberoffemaleinmates.

SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

TURKEYü Thetotalnumberofdetaineesincludesinmateswhosegenderwasnotrecorded.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü FiguresforTable3AaretakenfromTable1.1(QuarterlyTable)OffenderManagementStatistics

Quarterly(January-March2014)&Table1.7AnnualTable.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Pre-trialdetaineesincludeconvictedbutnotyetsentencedpeople.



TABLE3.B:MALEINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2014


Country


Numberofmaleinmates

%ofmaleinthetotalnumber

ofinmates

Numberof

foreignmales

%offoreignmalesinthe

numberofmaleinmates

Numberofmalepre-trialdetainees

%ofpre-trialmaledetaineesinthenumberofmaleinmates

Numberof

malesagedless

than18

%ofmalesaged<18inthenumberofmaleinmates

Albania 5440 5352 98.4 97 1.8 2690 50.3 94 1.8Andorra 53 43 81.1 34 79.1 28 65.1 0 0.0Armenia 3979 3788 95.2 125 3.3 1068 28.2 10 0.3Austria 8857 8321 93.9 4297 51.6 1733 20.8 92 1.1Azerbaijan 22579 21940 97.2 579 2.6 3729 17.0 77 0.4Belgium 13212 12603 95.4 5181 41.1 3104 24.6 87 0.7BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 940 923 98.2 28 3.0 111 12.0 0 0.0Bulgaria [7870] [7611] [96.7] [238] [3.1] [669] [8.8] [47] [0.6]Croatia 3763 3573 95.0 221 6.2 770 21.6 42 1.2Cyprus 539 497 92.2 227 45.7 86 17.3 3 0.6CzechRep. 18658 17488 93.7 1456 8.3 2040 11.7 42 0.2Denmark 3583 3438 96.0 958 27.9 1321 38.4 9 0.3Estonia 2962 2805 94.7 215 7.7 565 20.1 29 1.0Finland 3097 2849 92.0 467 16.4 575 20.2 3 0.1France 77739 74901 96.3 14049 18.8 16332 21.8 665 0.9Georgia 10233 9980 97.5 223 2.2 1587 15.9 83 0.8Germany 65710 61976 94.3 NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 12006 11428 95.2 NA NA NA NA NA NAHungary 18270 16859 92.3 625 3.7 0 0.0 0 0.0Iceland 154 151 98.1 21 13.9 9 6.0 0 0.0Ireland 3829 3683 96.2 489 13.3 550 14.9 45 1.2Italy 54252 51944 95.7 16587 31.9 16465 31.7 NA NALatvia 4809 4472 93.0 78 1.7 1287 28.8 12 0.3Liechtenstein 8 8 100.0 4 50.0 3 37.5 0 0.0Lithuania 8977 8592 95.7 153 1.8 904 10.5 84 1.0Luxembourg 656 630 96.0 462 73.3 272 43.2 5 0.8Malta [571] [536] [93.9] [224] [41.8] [81] [15.1] [0] [0.0]Moldova 7166 6724 93.8 86 1.3 1318 19.6 17 0.3Monaco 28 25 89.3 24 96.0 14 56.0 1 4.0Montenegro 1058 1039 98.2 183 17.6 307 29.5 6 0.6Netherlands 9857 9335 94.7 1717 18.4 3998 42.8 0 0.0Norway 3718 3528 94.9 1204 34.1 940 26.6 9 0.3Poland 77371 74844 96.7 512 0.7 216 0.3 NA NAPortugal 14003 13162 94.0 2264 17.2 2119 16.1 21 0.2Romania 31637 30069 95.0 252 0.8 2428 8.1 320 1.1RussianFed. 671027 615956 91.8 NA NA 104579 17.0 1316 0.2SanMarino 4 3 75.0 1 33.3 2 66.7 0 0.0Serbia 10288 9956 96.8 298 3.0 1561 15.7 80 0.8SlovakRep. 10179 9501 93.3 166 1.7 1286 13.5 82 0.9Slovenia 1522 1433 94.2 150 10.5 219 15.3 5 0.3Spain(total) 65931 60944 92.4 18577 30.5 7865 12.9 NAP NAPSpain(StateAdm.) 56391 52045 92.3 14631 28.1 6573 12.6 0 0.0Spain(Catalonia) 9540 8899 93.3 3946.0 44.3 1292 14.5 0 0.0Sweden 5861 5528 94.3 NA NA 1454 26.3 11 0.2Switzerland 6923 6595 95.3 NA NA 1525 23.1 23 0.3theFYROMacedonia 3116 3014 96.7 113 3.7 404 13.4 23 0.8Turkey 151451 145975 96.4 2282 1.6 20290 13.9 1720 1.2Ukraine 92290 87326 94.6 NA NA 17135 19.6 292 0.3UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 81580 95.4 10316 12.6 8135 10.0 741 0.9UK:North.Ireland 1860 1799 96.7 114 6.3 464 25.8 35 1.9UK:Scotland 7879 7454 94.6 274 3.7 1527 20.5 61 0.8Average 94.4 20.4 22.7 0.6Median 95.0 11.6 19.6 0.3Minimum 75.0 0.7 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 96.0 66.7 4.0



NOTES–TABLE3.B

BELGIUMü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

BULGARIAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA


CYPRUSü Figurespresented inTable3.2arebasedona totalof539 inmatesheld inPrison institution



DENMARKü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.


being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is person, who has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.

FRANCEü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü Thebreakdownofmaleinmatesistobecarriedforwardtothetotalnumberofinmateswhich

have the status of “écroués” andnot only thosewho are “écrouésdétenus” (de facto held inpenalinstitutions).

GEORGIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

GERMANYü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

ICELANDü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

ITALYü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.


LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

LUXEMBOURGü PersonswithunknownnationalityareincludedasforeignersinTable3.2.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

MALTAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].THENETHERLANDS

ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.





ROMANIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Juveniles(pre-trialandsentenced)arenotincluded.

SERBIAü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.

SWEDENü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Pre-trialmaleinmatesarenotincludedinthetotalnumberofmaleinmates.

SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Stateless inmates and thosewith unknownnationality and are not included as foreigners in

Table3.2.TURKEY

ü Thetotalnumberofdetaineesincludesinmateswhosegenderwasnotrecorded.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Statelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityandarenotincludedasforeigners.ü FiguresforTable3BaretakenfromTable1.8(QuarterlyTable)OffenderManagementStatistics

Quarterly(January-March2014)&Table1.7AnnualTable.UK:SCOTLAND

ü Pre-trialdetaineesincludeconvictedbutnotyetsentenced.



PC-CP(2015)7

TABLE4:FO

REIGNIN

MATESO

N1

STSEPTEMBER2014

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.4

Country

Totalnum

berofinm

ates(includingpre-trialdetainees)

Totalnum

berofforeigninm

ates

Adjustedtotalof

foreigners(includingunknow

n)

%of

foreignersinthetotalnum

berofinm

ates

Adjusted%

offoreigners(incl.

unknown)

inthetotalnum

berofinm

ates

Num

berofforeignpre-

trialdetainees

%of

foreignpre-trial

detaineesinthenum

berofforeigninm

ates

Num

berofinm

atescitizensofMem

berStatesoftheEuropeanUnion

%oftheEU

citizensinthenum

berofforeigninm

ates

Num

berofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18

%of

foreignminorsin

thenumber

offoreigninm

ates

Num

berofdetaineesforw

hichthe

nationalityisunknow

n

%of

detaineesforw

hichthe

nationalityisunknow

nintotalprison

populationAlbania

544099

991.8

1.866

66.735

35.41

1.00

0.0Andorra

5341

4177.4

77.435

85.429

70.70

0.00

0.0Arm

enia3979

130130

3.33.3

NANA

53.8

00.0

00.0

Austria8857

44414522

50.151.1

130629.4

194143.7

521.2

810.9

Azerbaijan22579

600600

2.72.7

11419.0

40.7

00.0

00.0

Belgium

132125360

538440.6

40.81822

34.01652

30.826

0.524

0.2BH

:BiH(total)

BH

:BiH(st.level)

BH

:Fed.BiH

BH

:Rep.Srpska940

2828

3.03.0

932.1

517.9

00.0

00.0

Bulgaria[7870]

[232][NA]

[2.9][NA]

[42][18.1]

[NA][NA]

[2][0.9]

[NA][NA]

Croatia3763

231237

6.16.3

9742.0

3314.3

00.0

60.2

Cyprus539

257257

47.747.7

5119.8

11042.8

00.0

00.0

CzechRep.18658

15491556

8.38.3

54335.1

79351.2

10.1

70.0

Denm

ark3583

10021049

28.029.3

40240.1

30230.1

NANA

471.3

Estonia2962

2261123

7.637.9

5825.7

177.5

20.9

89730.3

Finland3097

497507

16.016.4

22745.7

25651.5

00.0

100.3

France77739

1468814874

18.919.1

NANA

383626.1

1380.9

1860.2

Georgia10233

248250

2.42.4

9739.1

62.4

20.8

20.0

Germany

6571019592

NA29.8

NA5879

30.0NA

NANA

NANA

NAGreece

120067116

NA59.3

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NAHungary

18270NA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NAIceland

15422

2314.3

14.91

4.516

72.70

0.01

0.6Ireland

3829509

50913.3

13.3133

26.1323

63.54

0.80

0.0Italy

5425217457

1746832.2

32.26247

35.83828

21.9NA

NA11

0.0Latvia

480981

811.7

1.741

50.612

14.80

0.00

0.0Liechtenstein

84

450.0

50.02

50.02

50.00

0.00

0.0Lithuania

8977156

1581.7

1.868

43.646

29.50

0.02

0.0Luxem

bourg656

477478

72.772.9

24451.2

27858.3

20.4

10.2

Malta

[571][241]

[241][42.2]

[42.2][89]

[36.9][103]

[42.7][0]

[0.0][0]

[0.0]Moldova

716690

901.3

1.319

21.1NA

NA0

0.00

0.0Monaco

2827

2796.4

96.417

63.022

81.51

3.70

0.0




Country

Totalnum

berofinm

ates(includingpre-trialdetainees)

Totalnum

berofforeigninm

ates

Adjustedtotalof

foreigners(includingunknow

n)

%of

foreignersinthetotalnum

berofinm

ates

Adjusted%

offoreigners(incl.

unknown)

inthetotalnum

berofinm

ates

Num

berofforeignpre-

trialdetainees

%of

foreignpre-trial

detaineesinthenum

berofforeigninm

ates

Num

berofinm

atescitizensofMem

berStatesoftheEuropeanUnion

%oftheEU

citizensinthenum

berofforeigninm

ates

Num

berofforeigndetaineesagedlessthan18

%of

foreignminorsin

thenumber

offoreigninm

ates

Num

berofdetaineesforw

hichthe

nationalityisunknow

n

%of

detaineesforw

hichthe

nationalityisunknow

nintotalprison

populationMontenegro

1058190

19018.0

18.091

47.90

0.00

0.00

0.0Netherlands

98571820

208118.5

21.1917

50.4781

42.90

0.0261

2.6Norw

ay3718

12511251

33.633.6

55844.6

49539.6

80.6

00.0

Poland77371

524537

0.70.7

22943.7

22743.3

NANA

130.0

Portugal14003

24692469

17.617.6

68327.7

54622.1

4NA

00.0

Romania

31637261

2650.8

0.864

24.571

27.20

0.04

0.0RussianFed.

67102726169

297103.9

4.4NA

NANA

NANA

NA3541

0.5SanM

arino4

11

25.025.0

00.0

1100.0

00.0

00.0

Serbia10288

301302

2.92.9

10133.6

3913.0

00.0

10.0

SlovakRep.10179

176176

1.71.7

5833.0

7743.8

00.0

00.0

Slovenia1522

163163

10.710.7

6137.4

3420.9

00.0

00.0

Spain(total)65931

2012520125

30.530.5

431621.4

461822.9

NAPNAP

300.05

Spain(StateAdm.)

5639115939

1593928.3

28.33507

22.03938

24.70

0.00

0.0Spain(Catalonia)

95404186

418643.9

43.9809

19.3680

16.20

0.00

0.0Sw

eden5861

12721324

21.722.6

NANA

45635.8

NANA

520.9

Switzerland

69235055

505573.0

73.01525

30.2NA

NA12

0.20

0.0theFYRO

Macedonia

3116119

1193.8

3.833

27.729

24.40

0.00

0.0Turkey

[151454][2598]

[2643][1.7]

[1.7][1210]

[46.6][337]

[13.0][44]

[1.7][45]

[0.0]Ukraine

922901865

NA2.0

NA581

31.229

1.60

0.0NA

NAUK:Engl.&

Wales

8550910834

1151012.7

13.51763

16.34252

39.267

0.6676

0.8UK:North.Ireland

1860124

1246.7

6.767

54.075

60.50

0.00

0.0UK:Scotland

7879288

2883.7

3.7NA

NA159

55.22

0.70

0.0Average

21.7

22.4

35.7

34.6

0.4

0.9Median

13.3

14.9

34.0

30.8

0.0

0.0Minim

um

0.7

0.7

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0Maxim

um

96.4

96.4

85.4

100.0

3.7

30.3



TABLE4.A:ASYLUMSEEKERSANDILLEGALALIENSHELDFORADMINISTRATIVEREASONSAMONGFOREIGNINMATESON1STSEPTEMBER2014

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.4.a

Country


Totalnumberofforeigninmates(incl.pre-trial

detainees)

Adjustednumberofforeigners(incl.

unknown)

Asylumseekersorillegalaliens

heldforadministrative

reasons(Table1.1)

Asylumseekersorillegal

aliensheldincentresespeciallydesignforthistypeofdetention

%Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor

administrativereasonsinthetotalnumberof

inmates

%Asylumseekersorillegalaliensheldfor

administrativereasonsinthenumberof

foreigninmates

Belgium 13212 5360 5384 0 0 0.0 0.0Ireland 3829 509 509 4 0 0.1 0.8Switzerland 6923 5055 5055 328 NA 4.7 6.5UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 10834 11510 NA NA NA NAUK:North.Ireland 1860 124 124 1 0 0.1 0.8Average 0.8 1.6

Median 0.1 0.8

Minimum 0.0 0.0

Maximum 4.7 6.5

NOTES–TABLES4AND4.A

Generalremark:ThequestionnaireSPACEI2014includedanitemonthenumberofforeigninmatesandasubsidiaryquestiononthenumberofthoseinmateswhowerecitizensoftheEuropeanUnion(EU).

Figuresonforeigninmatesweresometimesadjustedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesforwhomthenationalitywasunrecordedorunknown.Unlessotherwisestated,forcomparativeneedsweassumedthatallinmateswithunknownnationalitywerenon-nationals.

Table 4.A: There are five countries that, as a rule, include asylum seekers or illegal aliens held foradministrative reasons in the total number of foreign inmates: Belgium, Ireland, Switzerland, UK:EnglandandWales,andUK:NorthernIreland.Forallthesecountrieswecalculatedthepercentageofasylumseekersand illegalaliensheld foradministrativereasons in thetotalnumberof foreign inmatesandthepercentageoftheseinmatesinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation.TherawdataarepresentedandexplainedinTable1.1.

Theasylumseekersrepresentinmedian0.8%oftheforeign inmates.Moreover,inthesesamecountriesthepartofasylumseekersamongthetotalprisonpopulationisinmedian0.1%.

BELGIUMü Table 4: Stateless inmates and those with unknown nationality and are not included as

foreigners.BULGARIAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Dataincludepersonssentencedforminoroffenses.

CYPRUSü FigurespresentedinTable3.2arebasedonatotalof539inmatesheldinthePrisoninstitution


ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.DENMARK

ü Inmateswithunknownnationality:47personswithunknownandnotspecifiednationalities,ofwhich25arestateless.




being foreigners in the breakdown by categories of sex. According to Estonian legislation, aforeigner is person, who has foreign state citizenship. Therefore, only inmates that have aforeignstatecitizenshipareincludedunderthisheading.

FRANCEü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü The breakdown of female inmates is to be carried forward to the total number of inmates

whichhavethestatusof“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions).

GERMANYü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Inmateswithunknown/unrecordednationalityareincludedamongforeigninmates,insofarno

specialdataavailable.LATVIA

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.LIECHTENSTEIN

ü AmongforeignprisonerscitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion,onepersonisheldforextradition.

LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

MALTAWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].THENETHERLANDS

ü ForeigninmatesincludedinTable4arepartofthetotalnumberofinmatesheldinadultpenalinstitutionsandthosewhoareunderElectronicMonitoring.Areexcludedfromthebreakdownjuvenileoffenders,personsheldincustodialclinicsandillegalaliens.

ü Excluded from the total, the figure of illegal aliens held for administrative reasons is stillavailable:425persons.



RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Juveniles held in correctional facilities and pre-trial inmates are not included in are not

includedinTable4.SWEDEN

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014;ü Table4:Figuresareonlyforsentencedprisoners.Dataonpre-traildetaineesarenotavailable.

SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

TURKEYWarning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason the non-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].

ü Becauseofdualnationality,someinmatesarecountedbothasnationalandforeigninmates.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü StatelessinmatesandthosewithunknownnationalityarenotincludedasforeignersinTable4.ü ThemaininformationforTable4istakenfromTableA1.7andA1.9ofOffenderManagement

StatisticsQuarterly(October-December2014)Annualtables.



ü NumberofprisonerscitizensofMemberStatesoftheEuropeanUnion:FigureistakenfromTable1.6 of Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (January to March 2014) - adding up thefigures for the relevant states (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, andSweden).

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü NationalprisonersincludeUKandIrishcitizens.

UK:SCOTLANDü Pre-trialdetaineesincludeconvictedbutnotyetsentenced.



TABLE5:LEGALSTATUSOFPRISONPOPULATIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014(NUMBERS)

a) Untrieddetainees(nocourtdecisionhasbeenreachedyet);b) Detaineesfoundguiltybutwhohavenotyetreceivedasentenceyet;c) Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithinthestatutorylimitfordoingso;d) Detaineeswhohavenotreceivedafinalsentenceyet,butwhostartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance;e) Sentencedprisoners(finalsentence),ofwhich:

(e).1:Personsdetainedforfineconversionreasons(finedefaulters);(e).2:Personsdetainedbecauseoftherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation;

f) Othercases;g) Totalnumberofprisoners(includingpre-trialdetainees).


Country (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)Ofwhich

(f) (g)(e).1 (e).2

Albania 1769 358 222 472 2619 1 42 0 5440Andorra 42 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 53Armenia 1104 NAP 2875 3 1 NA 3979Austria 1902 NAP NA NAP 6035 NA NA 920 8857Azerbaijan 3877 NAP NA NAP 18702 NA NA 0 22579Belgium 2705 NAP 609 NAP 8640 0 NA 1258 13212BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 38 74 2 0 826 8 0 0 940Bulgaria 669 NA NA NA 7201 NA NA 0 7870Croatia NA NAP NA NA NA NA NA NA 3763Cyprus 101 NAP NAP NAP 438 14 18 NAP 539CzechRep. 2185 0 0 NAP 16473 NAP NAP NAP 18658Denmark 1066 325 0 NAP 2192 0 NA 0 3583Estonia 605 NAP NA NAP 2357 NA NA 0 2962Finland NA NA NA NA 2457 58 NA NAP 3097France 13112 NA 3978 NA 60649 NA NA NA 77739Georgia 1637 NAP NA NAP 8596 NA 23 NA 10233Germany 11260 NAP NA NAP 52950 4460 NA 1500 65710Greece 2604 NAP NA NA 9402 18 NA 0 12006Hungary 4593 NAP 948 NAP 13221 0 0 456 18270Iceland 8 NAP 1 0 145 3 10 0 154Ireland 575 NA NA NA 3246 9 NA 8 3829Italy 9283 NAP 7917 NAP 35938 NAP NAP 1114 54252Latvia 393 275 371 166 3432 1 NA 172 4809Liechtenstein 0 3 0 0 4 3 1 1 8Lithuania 942 88 293 NA 7654 NA NA NAP 8977Luxembourg 243 NAP 40 NAP 367 1 31 6 656Malta [169] [0] [NA] [0] [382] [8] [12] [0] [571]Moldova 203 510 452 289 5712 0 42 0 7166Monaco 12 0 0 7 9 0 0 0 28Montenegro 314 NA NA 3 741 NA NA NA 1058Netherlands 2982 NA 1233 NAP 5467 428 NA 175 9857Norway 994 0 NA 15 2709 88 NA 0 3718Poland 5855 0 0 383 71133 1008 NA 0 77371Portugal 1600 NAP 730 NAP 11398 0 0 275 14003Romania 1845 743 0 0 29049 NAP NAP NAP 31637RussianFed. 58316 NAP 20116 NAP 511944 NA NA NA 671027SanMarino 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4Serbia 1593 0 0 7737 0 NA NA 958 10288SlovakRep. 1363 NA NA NAP 8816 NAP 0 0 10179Slovenia 55 132 45 39 1218 6 1 33 1522Spain(total) 8636 NA NA NAP 57295 0 0 0 65931Spain(StateAdm.) 7245 0 0 0 49146 NA NA 0 56391Spain(Catalonia) 1391 NAP NA *** 8149 127 39 0 9540Sweden 1542 NA NA NA 4319 NA NA NA 5861Switzerland 1892 NA NA 834 3749 325 120 448 6923theFYROMacedonia 228 131 6 67 2684 68 0 0 3116Turkey NA 10862 NA NA 119507 NA NA 0 151451Ukraine 6684 1966 4676 NA 73943 NA NA 5021 92290UK:Engl.&Wales 8618 3579 NAP NAP 71481 120 5260 1831 85509UK:North.Ireland 488 NA 65 NA 1307 0 170 0 1860UK:Scotland 1361 258 NA NAP 6253 NA NA 7 7879



NOTES–TABLE5

AUSTRIAü Point (f): 920 inmates, of which 833 inmates are under forensic psychiatric treatment and

securitymeasures.The107 inmates left aredifferentkindsof imprisonment supportingotheradministrativeauthorities,provisionalarrestforforeigngovernmentsetc.

CROATIAü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(b):Thiscategorydoesnotexist(=notapplicable,NAP).

CYPRUSü Figuresdonotincludethe142detaineesheldinpolicestations.

CZECHREPUBLICü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(e):40inmatesheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacilityareincludedunderthisheading.

ESTONIAü Point(b):Thiscategorydoesnotexist(=notapplicable,NAP).

FRANCE

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü InthisTablethebreakdownismadeonthebasisofthewholepopulationmanagedbythePrison

Administration(“écroués”),whichis77739persons.Thereisnospecific informationavailableforpersonsplacedunderElectronicMonitoringoutsidepenalinstitutionsandthoseinexternalplacementnon-hostedbyPrisonAdministration.

ü Point (c): In this point are included persons under summary trail procedures (comparutionimmédiate)orthosewhohaveappealed.

GEORGIA

ü Datarelateto31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.GERMANY

ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (e): Figures were taken from the publication for the year 2014 of the Statistisches

Bundesamt - "Rechtspflege - Bestand der Gefangenen und Verwahrten in den

Justizvollzugsanstalten nach ihrer Unterbringung auf Haftplätzen des geschlossenen und offenen

VollzugesjeweilszudenStichtagen31.März,31.Augustund30.NovembereinesJahres".HUNGARY

ü Point (c): This category of inmates (948) is included among persons who are serving finalsentences(underPoint(e)).

ICELAND

ü Point(d):Whenaprisonerreceivesafinalsentence,thedayshespentinremandunderservingasentenceinadvancearesubtractedfromthefinalsentence.

IRELANDü Underthissectionthereare4immigrationcasesand4extraditionscases.ü JuvenilesfacingcriminalchargesbeforethecourtsaredetainedintheChildrenDetentionSchool

System-boysuptotheageof17andgirlsuptotheageof18.Theonlydatacollectediswhetherthey have been remanded in custody or if they have been given a final sentence to serve,accordingtothetermsofChildrenAct(2001).

ITALYü Point (f): Internees (Internati) and temporary internees that are persons held in specialised

penal establishments for the execution of security detention measures, including judicialpsychiatrichospitals.




LIECHTENSTEIN

ü Point(e.2):Onefinedefaulter.ü Point(f):1personheldinextraditionprocedure.

LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(b):FollowingtheprovisionsoftheCodeofCriminalProcedure,sentencedprisonersafter

having submitted their written consent are able to start serving their term of imprisonmentbeforethehearingoftheircaseinorderofappeal.

MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].MONACO

ü Point (e) The only detention facility in the Principality of Monaco is a remand centre. Onlynationalsareintendedtoservetheirentiresentence.Alienswhoreceivedtheirfinalsentencetooversixmonthsof imprisonmentareusually transferredtotheprisonofNice.Thesetransfersare regulated by an agreement between Monaco and France (Article 14 of the Treaty ofCooperation“Conventiondevoisinage”from1963).

THENETHERLANDSü Data are available for the population held in penal institutions (see general notes). The total

number of prisoners does not refer to persons held in institutions for juvenile offenders,custodialclinicsandinstitutionsforillegalaliens.

ü Point (c): In this category are included persons appealing their sentence. The ones who aresentencedbutwhohavenotappealedyet,butstillarewithinthestatutorylimittodoso,arepartofthepoint(a).Theycannotbemadevisibleasaseparatefigure.

NORWAYü Points (a)and(c):Anunknownnumberofpersonshavebeensentenced(orfoundnotguilty)

but the sentence is not legally binding as an appeal has been lodged. These persons remaincategorisedas“remandedincustody”.

ü Point(b):Sentenceisgivenatsametimeasjudgmentofguilt.ü Point(e).2:Inmajorityofcases,thebreachofconditionsisassociatedwithanewconvictionfor

anewoffence.Therefore,itisthenewoffencethatwillberegistered.Consequently,thefigureonthepersonsdetainedbecauseoftherevocationstrictosensuisnotavailable.


PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(f):Inthispointareincluded275detaineeswhoareunder“securitymeasures”(mentally

ill offenders considerednon-criminally liableby the court), ofwhich136areplaced in specialpsychiatricinstitutionsorinpenitentiaryhospitals,and139innon-penitentiaryhospitals.ThesecategoriesofinmatesareincludedinPoint(e).

SERBIAü Point (a): Here are also included Detainees found guilty but who have not yet received a

sentence yet (point (b)) and sentenced prisoners who have appealed or who are within thestatutorylimitfordoingso(point(c));

ü Points (d) and (e): Here are as well included prisoners who have started serving prisonsentenceinadvance.Thesetwocategoriesareassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”.

ü Point(f):Inthispointareincluded807inmates,ofwhich:ü Personswhowereorderedameasureofmedicaltreatment:387;ü Juvenilesremandedtocorrectionalfacility:228;ü Juvenilessentencedtopenal-correctionalfacility:14;andü Punishedforminoroffences:329.



SPAIN(TOTAL)ü FigurespresentedinTable5aretotalsforbothStateAdministrationandCatalonia.Theseinputs

werenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.SWEDEN

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.SWITZERLAND

ü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(e.2):Referstorecalls.ü Point(f):Othernon-criminalprisoners.ü AllitemsusedforTable5aretakenfromTable1.1ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarterly

(October-December2014)Annualtables.



TABLE5.1:DETAINEESNOTSERVINGAFINALSENTENCEON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGESANDRATES)


Country Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(1)

Percentageofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentence(2)

Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000

inhabitants(1)

Rateofdetaineesnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000

inhabitants(2)

Percentageofuntried

detainees(nocourtdecisionyetreached)

Rateofuntrieddetaineesper100,000

inhabitants

(a.1) (a.2) (b.1) (b.2) (c) (d)

Albania 51.9 51.9 97.4 97.4 32.5 61.1Andorra 79.2 79.2 54.6 54.6 79.2 54.6Armenia (27.7) (27.7) (36.6) (36.6) (27.7) (36.6)Austria 31.9 21.5 33.2 22.4 21.5 22.4Azerbaijan 17.2 17.2 40.9 40.9 17.2 40.9Belgium 34.6 25.1 40.8 29.6 20.5 24.1BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 12.1 12.1 8.0 8.0 4.0 2.7Bulgaria 8.5 8.5 9.2 9.2 8.5 9.2Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 14.8 14.8 11.8 11.8 14.8 11.8CzechRep. 11.7 11.7 20.8 20.8 11.7 20.8Denmark 38.8 38.8 24.7 24.7 29.8 18.9Estonia 20.4 20.4 46.0 46.0 20.4 46.0Finland NA NA NA NA NA NAFrance 22.0 22.0 26.0 26.0 16.9 19.9Georgia 16.0 16.0 36.5 36.5 16.0 36.5Germany 19.4 17.1 15.8 13.9 17.1 13.9Greece 21.7 21.7 23.9 23.9 21.7 23.9Hungary 27.6 25.1 51.1 46.5 25.1 46.5Iceland 5.8 5.8 2.8 2.8 5.2 2.5Ireland 15.2 15.0 12.7 12.5 15.0 12.5Italy 33.8 31.7 30.1 28.3 17.1 15.3Latvia 28.6 25.1 68.8 60.2 8.2 19.6Liechtenstein 50.0 37.5 10.8 8.1 0.0 0.0Lithuania 14.7 14.7 44.9 44.9 10.5 32.0Luxembourg 38.0 37.0 45.3 44.2 37.0 44.2Malta [29.6] [29.6] [39.7] [39.7] [29.6] [39.7]Moldova 20.3 20.3 40.8 40.8 2.8 5.7Monaco 67.9 67.9 50.3 50.3 42.9 31.7Montenegro 30.0 30.0 51.0 51.0 29.7 50.5Netherlands 44.5 42.8 26.1 25.0 30.3 17.7Norway 27.1 27.1 19.8 19.8 26.7 19.5Poland 8.1 8.1 16.4 16.4 7.6 15.4Portugal 18.6 16.6 25.0 22.3 11.4 15.3Romania 8.2 8.2 13.0 13.0 5.8 9.2RussianFed. 11.7 11.7 54.6 54.6 8.7 40.6SanMarino 75.0 75.0 9.2 9.2 75.0 9.2Serbia 24.8 15.5 35.7 22.3 15.5 22.3SlovakRep. 13.4 13.4 25.2 25.2 13.4 25.2Slovenia 20.0 17.8 14.7 13.1 3.6 2.7Spain(total) 13.1 13.1 18.6 18.6 13.1 18.6Spain(StateAdm.) 12.8 12.8 18.5 18.5 12.8 18.5Spain(Catalonia) 14.6 14.6 18.8 18.8 14.6 18.8Sweden 26.3 26.3 16.0 16.0 26.3 16.0Switzerland 45.8 39.4 39.0 33.5 27.3 23.2theFYROMacedonia 13.9 13.9 20.9 20.9 7.3 11.0Turkey 7.2 7.2 14.2 14.2 NA NAUkraine 19.9 14.4 40.5 29.5 7.2 14.8UK:Engl.&Wales 16.4 14.3 24.6 21.3 10.1 15.1UK:North.Ireland 29.7 29.7 30.1 30.1 26.2 26.6UK:Scotland 20.6 20.5 30.5 30.3 17.3 25.5Mean 26.0 24.5 30.6 28.9 19.8 23.2Median 20.4 20.4 26.0 24.9 16.4 19.6Minimum 5.8 5.8 2.8 2.8 0.0 0.0Maximum 79.2 79.2 97.4 97.4 79.2 61.1



NOTES–TABLE5.1

Table5.1includestwotypesofcalculationforthecategoryof“detaineesnotservingafinalsentence”:

ü inthefirstcase[(a.1)and(b.1)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isincluded,

ü inthesecondcase[(a.2)and(b.2)],theheading(f)“Othercases”fromTable5isexcluded

Thesecondtypeofcalculationhasbeenintroducedonthebasisofadditionalinformationprovidedbythenational correspondents,whichcanbe found in thenotes toTable5. Indeed, it seems thata significantpartofthepersonsincludedundertheheading“Othercases”cannotbeassimilatedtopersonswaitingforafinalsentencetobeimposed(i.e.thiscategoryincludespersonsheldforsecurityreasons,personsheldforcivilreasons,etc.).Nevertheless,inordertoensurethecomparabilityofthedatawithpreviousyears’reports,wehavealsokeptthefirsttypeofcalculation(a.1andb.1).

IMPORTANTMETHODOLOGICALNOTES

ü InTable5,whennodatawereavailableunderheading(c)“Sentencedprisonerswhohaveappealedorwhoarewithin the statutory limit for doing so” and no further informationwas provided, it is assumed thatprisoners in that situation are included among thoseunderheading (e) "SENTENCEDPRISONERS (FINALSENTENCE)".Inthatcase,theresultsunderheadings“Percentageofprisonersnotservingafinalsentence”(a.1anda.2,Table5.1)andthoseunderheadings“Rateofprisonersnotservingafinalsentenceper100,000inhabitants”(b.1andb.2,Table5.1)arepresentedbetweenbracketsandmustbeusedwithcaution.

ü InTable5,whennodatawere availableunderheading (b) “Detainees foundguiltybutwhohavenot yetreceivedasentenceyet”andno further informationwasprovided, itcannotbeexcludedthatprisoners inthat situation are included among those under heading (a) "UNTRIEDDETAINEES (NOCOURTDECISIONYET REACHED)". In that case, the results under heading (c) “Percentage of untried detainees (no courtdecision reached yet)” and those under heading (d) “Rate of untried detainees (no court decision yetreached)per100,000inhabitants”ofTable5.1arepresentedbetweensquarebracketsandmustbeusedwithcaution.

ü Squarebracketswereusedfor“merged”categories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)or(a),(b)and(c)ofTable5).

ARMENIAü Bracketswereusedfor“merged”categories

HUNGARYü GiventheexplicitstatementinthenotestoTable5,weexcludedthecategoryofinmatesunder

appealprocedure(948)fromTable5.1,becausetheseinmatesareincludedamongpersonswhoareservingfinalsentences(Point(e)ofTable5.1).

LUXEMBOURGü GiventheexplicitstatementinthenotestoTable5,weexcludedthecategoryofinmatesunder

appealprocedure(40)fromTable5.1,becausetheseinmatesareincludedamongpersonswhoareservingfinalsentences(Point(e)ofTable5.1).

MALTAü Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfigures

arepresentedbetweensquarebrackets[].SERBIA

ü Inmates who have started serving prison sentence in advance (Point (d) of Table 5) wereexcluded from the calculations made for Table 5.1, because these categories of inmates areassimilatedtothestatusof“sentenced”.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Figures presented as totalswere not used for the calculations ofmean andmedian European

values.



TABLE5.2:DANGEROUSOFFENDERSUNDERSECURITYMEASURESON1STSEPTEMBER2014(NUMBERSANDPERCENTAGES)


Country


(includingpre-trialdetainees)

Totalnumberofpersonsunder

securitymeasures/preventive

detentionfordangerousoffenders

%ofpersonsundersecuritymeasuresinthetotalnumberof

inmates

Personsheldasnotcriminally

responsiblebythecourt

Personsheldastotallyorpartially

criminallyresponsiblebythecourtandwhohavebeensentenced

(*)Arethesepersonsincluded

inthetotalnumberofprisonpopulation?

Albania 5440 145 (2.7) 111 34 NoAndorra 53 0 0.0 0 11 YesArmenia 3979 NAP *** NAP *** ***Austria 8857 813 9.2 386 427 YesAzerbaijan 22579 NAP *** NAP *** ***Belgium 13212 94 0.7 NAP 94 YesBH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 940 NAP *** NAP *** ***Bulgaria 7870 NA *** NA *** ***Croatia 3763 NA 2.2 NA 82 YesCyprus 912 0 0.0 NAP *** ***CzechRep. 18658 40 0.2 10 30 YesDenmark 3583 44 1.2 NAP *** YesEstonia 2962 NA *** NA *** NoFinland 3097 NAP *** *** *** ***France 77739 NA *** NA *** NoGeorgia 10233 4579 44.7 NAP *** ***Germany 65710 498 0.8 NAP 498 YesGreece 12006 NA *** NA *** YesHungary 18270 155 0.8 155 *** YesIceland 154 0 0.0 0 *** ***Ireland 3829 933 24.4 NA *** YesItaly 54252 1114 2.1 NA *** YesLatvia 4809 NAP *** NAP *** ***Liechtenstein 8 0 0.0 0 0 YesLithuania 8977 NAP *** NAP *** ***Luxembourg 656 NAP *** NAP *** ***Malta NAP *** NAP *** ***Moldova 7166 0 0.0 0 0 YesMonaco 28 0 0.0 0 0 YesMontenegro 1058 0 0.0 0 0 YesNetherlands 9857 122 (1.2) 122 *** NoNorway 3718 89 2.4 NAP 89 YesPoland 77371 162 0.2 40 122 YesPortugal 14003 NAP *** NAP *** ***Romania 31637 NAP *** NAP *** ***RussianFed. 671027 NA *** NA *** ***SanMarino 4 0 0.0 0 0 YesSerbia 10288 NA *** NA *** ***SlovakRep. 10179 NAP *** NAP *** NoSlovenia 1522 NA *** NA *** NoSpain(total) 65931 639 1.0 NA *** YesSpain(StateAdm.) 56391 576 1.0 0 0 YesSpain(Catalonia) 9540 63 0.7 NA *** YesSweden 5861 NA *** NA *** NoSwitzerland 6923 144 2.1 NA *** YestheFYROMacedonia 3116 NAP *** NAP *** ***Turkey 151451 NAP *** NAP *** ***Ukraine 92290 NAP *** NAP *** ***UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 NAP *** NAP *** ***UK:North.Ireland 1860 NA *** NA *** YesUK:Scotland 7879 NA *** NA *** ***Average 3.6 Median 0.8 Minimum 0.0 Maximum 44.7



NOTES–TABLE5.2

ALBANIAü Personsunder securitymeasures areheld in special sectionswithinprisons. Yet, they arenot

includedthetotalprisonpopulation,becausethedataprovidedbythepenalinstitutionsforthiscategoryofinmateswereincomplete.Thereisnodivisionofthiscategorybyage,typeofcrime,judicialstatus,etc.

ü If partial datawould however been included in the total prison population, the percentage ofdangerousoffenderswouldcorrespondto2.60%.

AUSTRIAü 813personsunderforensic-psychiatrictreatmentandsecuritymeasures.

BELGIUMü Persons included in the Table 5.2 are inmates of whom sentences were coupled with

requirement of placement at the disposal of the Court of the enforcement of sentenced(previously, at the disposal of the Government) at the end of the sentence. According to thisprovisionthesepersonsshouldremainincustody.

ü Non-criminallyliableoffenderssentencedtomeasuresofindefiniteincarceration(internement)arenotundersecuritymeasuresstrictosensuand,therefore,arenotincludedinTable5.2.

CROATIAü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

CZECHREPUBLICü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü PersonsincludedinTable5.2arepersonsheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacility.

GERMANY

ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Personsheldasnotcriminallyresponsibleby thecourtarenotincluded in the totalnumberof

prisonpopulationfromTable1;theyareaccommodatedinforensicpsychiatrichospitals.ü Persons held as totally or partially criminally responsible by the court and who have been

sentencedareincludedinthetotalnumberofprisonpopulationfromTable1.ICELAND

ü IcelandicPenalCodeNo19/1940ChapterVII:OnSecurityMeasures,DeprivationofCivilRightsandConfiscationofAssetsArt.62. Ifaperson isacquittedunder theprovisionsofArt.15oraCourtfinds,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArt.16,thatapenaltywouldnotreapresult,ajudgemayimposemeasuresinordertopreventdangerensuingfromtheoffender.If itmaybeassumedthatmoremoderatemeasures,suchasbail,prohibitionagainststayinparticularplaces,or deprivation of legal rights will not be successful, it may be ordered that the person becommittedtoasuitableinstitution.

ü PersonswhicharenotcriminallyresponsibleareheldatpsychiatrichospitalwhichismanagedbytheMinistryofWelfare(previously:MinistryofHealth).

IRELAND

ü Persons included inTable5.2 arenormal prisonersheld inprotection for their safety andnotpersonssolelydetainedforpreventivereasons.

ü ThisdoesnotapplyintheJuvenileOffendersJusticeSystem.ü According to the rigorousdefinitionprovided, theauthorsof this report calculated the central

tendency’indicators(onceincluding,andonceexcludingtheIrishinputs).ITALY

ü InTable5.2areincludedinternees(Internati)andtemporaryinternees.Thesearepersonsheldinspecialisedpenalestablishmentsfortheexecutionofsecuritydetentionmeasures,includingjudicialpsychiatrichospitals.




LITHUANIAü Datarelateto1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

MALTA

ü Nofigureswereprovidedaboutdangerousoffenders.THENETHERLANDS

ü In Table 5.2 are included 122 persons under security measures/preventive detention. Thiscategoryconsistsofpeoplethatarenotheldcriminallyresponsiblefortheircrimesandtheyareplaced in psychiatric clinics (outside the responsibility of prison service) by a judge for thedurationofoneyear.Theyarenotincludedinthetotalprisonpopulation.Nevertheless,ifallthesecategorieswereincluded,thepartofdangerousoffenderswouldbe1.2%.


SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)ü There are no custodial security measures which can be served in special establishments and

imposedtotheconvictsafterservingthesentenceonthebasisofadangerousnessassessmentbythe Court. Only security measures assimilated to alternatives to imprisonment are applicable.Thesemeasures are imposed topeoplewhoaredeclared criminallynot responsibleorpartiallyresponsible.Thenumberof suchpersonswas576.ThePenitentiaryAdministration is in chargeonly of the execution of custodial security measures. Non-custodial security measures are notunderitscompetences.

SWITZERLANDü Datarelateto3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Figureson“interned”offendersheldundermeasuresof(in)definite imprisonment:art.64ofthe

CriminalCode.UK:SCOTLAND

ü There isno formal conceptofpreventivedetention fordangerousoffenders, apart fromremand(pre-trialdetentionforthoseaccusedofcommittingacrime)forthepurposesofpublicprotection,ordetentionundermentalhealthlegislation(whichmayormaynotbeasresultofacriminalact).



TABLE6:MAINOFFENCEOFSENTENCEDPRISONERS(FINALSENTENCE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(NUMBERS)


Country

Homicide(in

cl.

attempts)

Assaulta

ndbattery

Rape

Otherty

peso

fsexua

loffences

Robb

ery

Otherty

peso

fthe

ft

Econ

omicand

fin

ancialoffe

nces

Drug

offe

nces

Terrorism

Organ

ised

crim

e

Cybe

rcrim

e

Othercases

Num

bero

fsen

tenced

prison

ers(fin

al

senten

ce)

Albania 1033 79 67 56 334 283 41 516 3 30 1 176 2619Andorra 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 11Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2875Austria 335 NA 130 156 948 1894 NA 998 NA NA NA NA 6035Azerbaijan 2431 915 227 NA 1043 3296 155 5395 NA NA NA 5240 18702Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8640BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 172 29 33 13 236 56 23 88 0 27 0 149 826Bulgaria 897 224 282 222 1339 3222 377 440 0 84 0 141 7201Croatia 390 73 97 109 367 611 200 470 0 NA 3 543 NACyprus 54 16 35 19 41 78 14 111 0 0 0 70 438CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16473Denmark 193 364 72 74 253 286 77 549 NA NA NA 324 2192Estonia 488 163 92 13 394 343 15 592 0 16 12 229 2357Finland 596 423 107 174 257 177 474 0 0 0 249 2457France 3531 16923 7255 11542 0 NA 8641 NA NA NA 12757 60649Georgia 1167 568 143 49 506 2500 1556 3225 13 1002 14 1407 8596Germany 4'043 6996 1705 0 7090 11769 6271 7144 NA NA NA 7932 52950Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3101 NA NA NA NA 9402Hungary 1241 1154 297 287 2758 3300 NA 334 1 NA NA 3849 13221Iceland 17 19 10 7 6 11 3 44 0 0 0 28 145Ireland 441 419 170 191 116 594 42 530 25 2 0 716 3246Italy 6513 89 1945 658 5542 1672 228 12455 56 362 NA 6418 35938Latvia 564 298 125 105 978 793 53 418 0 7 24 67 3432Liechtenstein 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 4Lithuania 1912 452 461 NA 1115 1'457 66 953 0 NA 1592 1912 7654Luxembourg 61 45 29 6 35 66 8 84 0 0 0 33 367Malta [47] [22] [13] [14] [107] [7] [11] [172] [0] [1] [0] [32] 382Moldova 1428 617 517 288 483 583 17 237 0 0 0 1542 5712Monaco 0 0 1 1 0 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 9Montenegro 79 88 10 5 8 109 11 219 0 28 0 184 741Netherlands 771 172 195 788 681 156 796 NA 21 NA 1'887 771 5467Norway 168 390 217 211 155 281 141 644 0 0 0 429 2709Poland 4972 NA 1694 849 10320 17542 116 2207 NA 405 0 33 71133Portugal 1009 350 203 275 1492 1496 NAP 2217 0 NAP NAP 4631 11398Romania 6109 288 1764 118 4997 7950 302 1298 25 1162 55 4981 29049RussianFed. 138635 68604 11701 NA 35371 NA 982 115921 213 2034 NA 138483 511944SanMarino 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1Serbia 750 82 226 109 1137 1885 18 1619 0 75 0 1836 7737SlovakRep. 583 410 142 208 1'275 1643 505 984 0 9 0 3057 8816Slovenia 116 45 29 86 253 171 83 152 1 82 1 199 1218Spain(total) 4265 3158 2115 1091 18652 1243 1789 13696 206 23 1 11056 57295Spain(St.Adm.) 3500 2449 1624 1054 15463 826 1707 12188 206 NA NA 10129 49146Spain(Catalonia) 765 709 491 37 3'189 417 82 1508 0 23 1 927 8149Sweden 550 461 206 201 443 353 194 818 NA NA NA 1'093 4319Switzerland 434 167 159 218 325 850 3 845 NAP 6 NAP 742 3749theFYROMacedonia 248 72 42 118 388 741 89 417 9 142 2 416 2684Turkey 24362 16427 4293 10090 16011 27868 3526 19600 4463 1175 811 0 119507Ukraine 7264 10685 2'050 NAP 12009 23266 NAP 10360 NAP NAP NAP 8309 73943UK:Engl.&Wales 7534 12062 5724 5468 8507 11518 1352 10306 NAP NAP NAP 9010 71481UK:North.Ireland 187 239 70 73 143 143 NA 69 NA NA NA 383 1307UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 6253



TABLE6.1:MAINOFFENCEOFSENTENCEDPRISONERS(FINALSENTENCE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)


Country

Hom

icide

(incl.

attempts)

Assaultand

battery

Rape

Othertypes

ofsexual

offences

Robbery

Othertypes

oftheft

Econom

ic

andfinancial

offences

Drug

offences

Terrorism

Organised

crime

Cybercrime

Othercases

Albania 39.4 3.0 2.6 2.1 12.8 10.8 1.6 19.7 0.1 1.1 0.0 6.7Andorra 18.2 0.0 0.0 18.2 18.2 0.0 0.0 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAustria 5.6 NA 2.2 2.6 15.7 31.4 NA 16.5 NA NA NA NAAzerbaijan 13.0 4.9 1.2 NA 5.6 17.6 0.8 28.8 NA NA NA 28.0Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 20.8 3.5 4.0 1.6 28.6 6.8 2.8 10.7 0.0 3.3 0.0 18.0Bulgaria 12.5 3.1 3.9 3.1 18.6 44.7 5.2 6.1 0.0 1.2 0.0 2.0Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NACyprus 12.3 3.7 8.0 4.3 9.4 17.8 3.2 25.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.0CzechRep. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NADenmark 8.8 16.6 3.3 3.4 11.5 13.0 3.5 25.0 NA NA NA 14.8Estonia 20.7 6.9 3.9 0.6 16.7 14.6 0.6 25.1 0.0 0.7 0.5 9.7Finland 24.3 17.2 4.4 7.1 10.5 7.2 19.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.1France 5.8 27.9 12.0 19.0 NA 14.2 NA NA NA 21.0Georgia 13.6 6.6 1.7 0.6 5.9 29.1 18.1 37.5 0.2 11.7 0.2 16.4Germany 7.6 13.2 3.2 0.0 13.4 22.2 11.8 13.5 NA NA NA 15.0Greece NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 33.0 NA NA NA NAHungary 9.4 8.7 2.2 2.2 20.9 25.0 NA 2.5 0.0 NA NA 29.1Iceland 11.7 13.1 6.9 4.8 4.1 7.6 2.1 30.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.3Ireland 13.6 12.9 5.2 5.9 3.6 18.3 1.3 16.3 0.8 0.1 0.0 22.1Italy 18.1 0.2 5.4 1.8 15.4 4.7 0.6 34.7 0.2 1.0 NA 17.9Latvia 16.4 8.7 3.6 3.1 28.5 23.1 1.5 12.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 2.0Liechtenstein 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.0Lithuania 23.8 5.6 5.7 NA NA 13.9 18.1 0.8 11.9 0.0 NA 19.8Luxembourg 16.6 12.3 7.9 1.6 9.5 18.0 2.2 22.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.0Malta [12.3] [5.8] [3.4] [3.7] [28.0] [1.8] [2.9] [45.0] [0.0] [0.3] [0.0] [8.4]Moldova 25.0 10.8 9.1 5.0 8.5 10.2 0.3 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.0Monaco 0.0 0.0 11.1 11.1 0.0 55.6 11.1 11.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Montenegro 10.7 11.9 1.3 0.7 1.1 14.7 1.5 29.6 0.0 3.8 0.0 24.8Netherlands 14.1 3.1 3.6 0.0 14.4 12.5 2.9 14.6 NA 0.4 NA 34.5Norway 6.2 14.4 8.0 7.8 5.7 10.4 5.2 23.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.8Poland 7.0 NA 2.4 1.2 14.5 24.7 0.2 3.1 NA 0.6 0.0 0.0Portugal 8.9 3.1 1.8 2.4 13.1 13.1 NA 19.5 0.0 NA NA 40.6Romania 21.0 1.0 6.1 0.4 17.2 27.4 1.0 4.5 0.1 4.0 0.2 17.1RussianFed. 27.1 13.4 2.3 NA 6.9 NA 0.2 22.6 0.0 0.4 NA 27.1SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 9.7 1.1 2.9 1.4 14.7 24.4 0.2 20.9 0.0 1.0 0.0 23.7SlovakRep. 6.6 4.7 1.6 2.4 14.5 18.6 5.7 11.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 34.7Slovenia 9.5 3.7 2.4 7.1 20.8 14.0 6.8 12.5 0.1 6.7 0.1 16.3Spain(total) 7.4 5.5 3.7 1.9 32.6 2.2 3.1 23.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 19.3Spain(StateAdm.) 7.1 5.0 3.3 2.1 31.5 1.7 3.5 24.8 0.4 NA NA 20.6Spain(Catalonia) 9.4 8.7 6.0 0.5 39.1 5.1 1.0 18.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 11.4Sweden 12.7 10.7 4.8 4.7 10.3 8.2 4.5 18.9 NA NA NA 25.3Switzerland 11.6 4.5 4.2 5.8 8.7 22.7 0.1 22.5 NA 0.2 NA 19.8theFYROMacedonia

9.2 2.7 1.6 4.4 14.5 27.6 3.3 15.5 0.3 5.3 0.1 15.5

Turkey 20.4 20.4 13.7 3.6 8.4 13.4 23.3 3.0 3.7 1.0 0.7 0.0Ukraine 9.8 14.5 2.8 NAP 16.2 31.5 NAP 14.0 NAP NAP NAP 11.2UK:Engl.&Wales 10.5 16.9 8.0 7.6 11.9 16.1 1.9 14.4 NA NA NA 12.6UK:North.Ireland 14.3 18.3 5.4 5.6 10.9 10.9 NA 5.3 NA NA NA 29.3UK:Scotland NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NAAverage 13.6 8.8 4.4 3.5 13.4 16.1 7.4 17.6 0.6 1.3 0.1 16.9Median 12.3 6.8 3.6 2.5 13.1 14.0 2.8 16.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 16.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 39.4 27.9 13.7 18.2 39.1 55.6 100.0 45.0 11.9 11.7 0.7 40.6



NOTES–TABLES6AND6.1

ARMENIAü National breakdown does not fit the categories included in the SPACE I questionnaire used for

Table6.Figuresareavailableforthefollowingcategoriesofoffences:o crimesagainstlifeandhealth:719;o crimesagainstfreedomanddignity:66;o sexualoffences:59;o crimesagainstfamilyandchildinterest:1;o crimesagainstperson'sconstitutionalfreedom:3;o crimesagainstproperty:1131;o economiccrimes:67;o crimesagainstpublicsafety:35;o crimesagainstpublicorderandmorality:57;o crimesagainstpublichealth:598;o crimesagainstenvironmentalsafety:1;o crimesagainststatesafetyandconstitutionalorder:19;o crimesagainststateservice:12;o crimesagainstgovernmentalorder:25;o crimesagainstjustice:7;o crimesagainstmilitary:75.

AUSTRIAü BecauseofthelegalclassificationintheAustriaCriminallawandthemodeofregistrationtothe

electronic administration program, it is not possible to classify all types of offences listed inTable 6. Therefore the sum of the categories does not reach the total number of sentencedprisoners.

BELGIUMWarning: The types of offences are not any longer registered for the offenders that committed newcrimes while in conditional release. At the moment of revocation of the conditional release, it isimpossible to provide the accurate type of offence on which the new charges are based. Given thismethodologicallimitation,itisimpossibleaccuratelycategorisealltypesofoffences.

ü Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Moreover,thecustodymightbeappliedformanysentencesorotherlegalreasons,soseveralcustodialorderscanbecumulated.

BULGARIAü Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Thereforethesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthetotal

numberofsentencedprisoners.ü Other offences includes extortion and actions that pose danger to society (arson, damage to

infrastructureandcommunication).CROATIA

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Amongsentencedprisonersarealsoincludedthosewhohavestartedservingprisonsentencein

advance. Therefore, thepercentagespresented inTable6.1 are calculatedon thebasis of theadjustedtotalincludingthoseinmates.

ü Figures includes 70 juveniles with educational measures in correctional institutions and 18juvenilesdetainedinjuvenileprison.

CZECHREPUBLICü Themainoffence rule is not defined. The distribution bymain offence rule is not available at

PrisonAdministrationbutmaybefoundattheMinistryofJustice.FINLAND

ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.

ü Thetypeofmainoffenceforfinedefaulters(58persons)isnotavailable.Therefore,theyarenot



includedinTable6.ü The 58 fine-defaulters are included under the heading “Other cases” of Table 6.1, as these

personsarepartofthetotalnumberofsentencedinmates.FRANCE

ü Figuresareon1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Thebreakdownis tobecarriedforwardtothetotalnumberof inmatesthathavethestatusof

“écroués”andnotonlythosewhoare“écrouésdétenus”(defactoheldinpenalinstitutions).ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:

areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.ü Categories ofRobberyandOther types of theft cannot be separated in these statistics: are

includedrobberyandothertypesoftheft.GEORGIA

ü Figuresforthistableareon31stAugust2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.GERMANY

ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:

areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.IRELAND

ü Homicide:o Offencegroup1:Murder,ManslaughterandDangerousDrivingcausingDeathOffences,

ando Offencegroup3:Attempts/ThreatstoMurder,AssaultsandRelatedOffences(Attempted

Murder).ü EconomicandFinancialoffences:

o Offencegroup9-Fraud,DeceptionandRelatedOffences.ü Terrorism:

o Offencesfromgroup11-WeaponandExplosivesOffences,ando Offences from group 15 - Offences against Government, Justice Procedures and

OrganisationofCrime.ü OrganisedCrime:

o Offenses from group 15 - Offences against Government, Justice Procedures andOrganisationofCrime.

ü “Other cases”: This category includes charges such as criminal damage, firearms/offensiveweapons,roadtrafficoffencesandarson.

ITALY

ü Assaultandbattery:Underthisheadingareaswellincludedcrimeof"violence"and"violenceagainstapublicofficer/obstructionofapublicofficer" (violenza/resistenzaapubblicoufficiale)aswellas"physicalcoercionagainstonepersonandthreat"(violenzaprivata/minaccia).

ü In the category ofTerrorism are included all types of crimes supplied in the Criminal Codeunderthedenominationof“crimesagainstthepersonalityoftheState”.

ü Organised crime: This type of offence is often associated with other more serious offences.Therefore,figurespresentedunderthisheadingareverylikelytobeunderestimated.

LATVIAü Figuresareon1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.

LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Assaultandbattery:includesheavybodilyinjury.ü Percentages inTable6.1arecalculatedon thebasisof theadjusted totalnumberof sentenced

inmates.Thisfigureincludesthosewhodidnotreceiveafinalsentencebutwhostartedservingtheirterminadvance.ProvisionsofthePenalProcedureCode:

o Sentenced prisoners after having submitted their written consent may start servingtheir term of imprisonment before the hearing of their case in order of appeal.



Therefore, sentenced prisoners who have submitted an appeal, as well as prisonerswhosesentenceshadcomeintoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedamongprisonerswithfinalsentence.

MALTA

Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].MOLDOVA

ü Thedataiscollectedquarterly.TheinformationusedinTables6and6.1isestablishedaccordingto the situation registered on the 1st October 2014. Therefore, the total distribution does notmatchatotalof100%.

THENETHERLANDSü Data are available for the population held in penal institutions (see general notes). The total

number of inmates does not include juvenile offenders, persons held in custodial clinics, andillegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons.

ü CategoriesofRapeandOthertypesofsexualoffencescannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.

ü CategoriesofTerrorismandCybercrimecannotbeseparatedinthesestatistics:areincludedalltypesofsexualoffences.

ü Othercases:Underthisheadingareincludedinmatessentencedunderotherlawsandunknowncases: inmates with unregistered type of crime (e.g. inmates convicted to pay financialcompensationstothevictimsandwhoaredetainedfornothavingdonethat,orpeoplewhoareconvictedtoplacementincustodialclinicsunderahospitalorder).

NORWAYü Terrorismandorganisedcrimearenotinthemselvesclassifiedascategoriesofoffencesbutas

aggravatingelementsthatmayresultinlongersentences.ü TheinformationofTable6isaboutsentencedprisonersanddetaineeswhohavenotreceiveda

finalsentenceyet,butwhohavestartedservingaprisonsentenceinadvance.Finedefaultersareexcludedfromthesefigures.

POLANDü Figuresareon31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Dataconcernfinalandnon-finalsentences.Moreover, themainoffencerule isnotapplied.This

distribution is the result of a change introduced in the internal tool of public statistics.Consequently, the number of enforced judgments is available, but not the number of persons.Therefore,figuresreportedsincetheSPACEI2012arehardlycomparablewithpreviousseries.

PORTUGALü Figuresareon31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Inthebreakdownofsentencedprisonersareincludedaswell275mentally-illoffenders.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü TotalfigureswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropeanvalues.

SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)ü Othertypesofsexualoffencesareincludedabuse,harassment,exhibitionandprostitution.ü Othertypesoftheftareincluded,amongothers,theftsofthevehiclesandlarceny.ü Economic and financial offencesare included fraud,other socioeconomic crimesandcrimes

againsttreasuryandsocialsecurity.SWEDEN

ü Figuresareon1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.SWITZERLAND

ü Figuresareon3rdSeptember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.TURKEY

ü Themainoffenceruleisnotdefined.Thereforethesumofthecategoriesdoesnotreachthetotalnumberofsentencedprisoners.



UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Figuresareon30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Homicide:includesmurder,manslaughterand'otherandattemptedhomicide.ü Assaultandbattery:includesallotherviolenceagainstthepersonoffences.ü Othertypesoftheft:includesburglary,andtheftandhandlingstolengoodsoffences.ü Economicandfinancialoffences:includesfraudandforgery.ü Terrorismandorganisedcrime:figuresarenotrecorded.ü Othercases:includesmotoringoffences,otheroffencesandoffencesnotrecorded.ü All items taken fromTableA1.4ofOffenderManagementStatisticsQuarter (October-December

2013)AnnualTablesandincluderecalledprisoners.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

Warning: SPACEreturnsup to2011werecompletedusing theScottishGovernment statistical systemwhichisbasedondatafromtheScottishPrisonServicePR2managementinformationsystem.Duetoon-going technicalproblemswith this statistical system, the figures for the2014SPACEreturnhavebeenextracteddirectly fromthePR2systemandwilldifferslightly fromfiguresextracted fromtheScottishGovernmentstatisticalsystem,primarilyintermsoftheamountofdetailsavailable.



PC-CP(2015)7

TABLE7:LEN

GTH

SOFSEN

TENCESIM

POSED

(FINALSEN

TENCED

PRISONERS)O

N1

STSEPTEMBER2014(N

UMBERS)

(A)–LESSTHAN

1M

ONTH

(H)–FRO

M10

YEARSTOLESSTHAN

20YEARS

(B)–FRO

M1M

ONTHTO

LESSTHAN3M

ONTHS

(I)–20

YEARSANDO

VER(C)–

FROM3M

ONTHSTO

LESSTHAN6M

ONTHS

(J)–LIFEIM

PRISONMEN

T(D)–

FROM6M

ONTHSTO

LESSTHANONEYEAR

(K)–SECU

RITYMEASU

RES(E)–

FROM1YEARTO

LESSTHAN3YEARS

(L)–PRISO

NERSSEN

TENCEDTO

DEATH(F)–

FROM3YEARSTO

LESSTHAN5YEARS

(M)–

OTHERSEN

TENCES

(G)–FRO

M5YEARSTO

LESSTHAN10

YEARS


CountryLessthan1m

onth

1month

tolessthan3months

3months

tolessthan6months

6months

tolessthanoneyear

1yeartolessthan3years

3yearstolessthan5years



20yearsandover

Lifeimprison-ment

Securitymeasures

Death

sentenceOther

(A)

(B)(C)

(D)(E)

(F)(G)

(H)(I)

(J)(K)

(L)(M

)Albania

011

16103

234438

1108312

242155

NoteNAP

0Andorra

00

00

52

04

00

0NAP

0Arm

enia47

290683

1343392

18102

NAPNAP

NAPAustria

11203

313657

21421081

1086409

19114

NAPNAP

NAAzerbaijan

23569290

50181772

2660

NAP0

Belgium

21

14432

14812269

2715912

601211

NAPNAP

NAPBH

:BiH(total)

BH

:BiH(st.level)

BH

:Fed.BiH

BH

:Rep.Srpska12

2241

58187

126177

17429

NAPNA

NAP0

Bulgaria2157

22181060

826731

36173

NANAP

NACroatia

26

45304

969501

488361

117NAP

NAPNAP

0Cyprus

331

2050

8159

6187

2224

0NAP

0CzechRep.

115823

29196463

24762398

1083108

4840

NAPNAP

Denm

ark23

94135

277742

293306

2304

2144

NAP23

Estonia1

1969

170569

589589

29021

40NAP

NAP0

Finland42

81130

204749

454404

1831

209NAP

NAPNAP

France10584

1160517794

69946069

52271910

466NA

NAPNA

Georgia0

773

3612139

22422946

100650

810

NAPNA

Germany

7965058

715511190

1037313210

3635637

NAP1953

498NAP

NAPGreece

55117

142468

30611873

21481017

NANAP

521Hungary

[74][218]

[410][1576]

[4807][2282]

[2690][830]

[55][297]

[155][NAP]

[0]




CountryLessthan1m

onth

1month

tolessthan3months

3months

tolessthan6months

6months

tolessthanoneyear

1yeartolessthan3years




20yearsandover

Lifeimprison-ment

Securitymeasures

Death

sentenceOther

Iceland1

613

1448

1829

160

00

NAP0

Ireland8

877

261762

735774

26613

3420

NAP0

Italy60

80353

12836570

753310363

59302167

15991144

NAP0

Latvia13

1247

105661

6591285

5924

54NAP

NAPNAP

Liechtenstein0

00

02

01

10

00

NAP0

Lithuania52

143140

3201896

17942004

154721

118NAP

NAPNAP

Luxembourg

02

335

9857

7849

3212

NAPNAP

1Malta

[2][17]

[20][23]

[87][84]

[107][41]

[29][12]

[NAP][NAP]

[0]Moldova

NAPNAP

NAP61

543985

20371771

211104

00

0Monaco

01

13

11

20

00

0NAP

0Montenegro

2335

6241

356155

3215

220

00

0Netherlands

809530

426655

1254544

577415

3832

NAPNAP

187Norw

ay59

203197

473811

361327

19015

NAPNAP

NAP0

Poland567

451314001

300338360

49132581

1660342

NANAP

0Portugal

263

155420

16532271

42461729

342NAP

275NAP

517Rom

ania2

760

4956662

87577844

4124940

158NAP

NAP0

RussianFed.NA

NANA

17114103247

114170188569

793235901

1760NA

NAP0

SanMarino

00

00

10

00

00

0NAP

0Serbia

0217

558703

21451629

1487794

2040

NoteNAP

0SlovakRep.

48115

5911510

24721237

2039615

14841

0NAP

0Slovenia

616

71148

449203

198113

140

NAPNAP

0Spain(total)

22281

10873563

1072813648

158259363

2715NAP

63NAP

NASpain(StateAdm

.)153

46861

32379367

1186013323

78792420

NAP0

NAPNA

Spain(Catalonia)69

35226

3261361

17882502

1484295

NAP63

NAP0

Sweden

17227

228410

1571713

646349

14144

NAPNAP

NAPSw

itzerland90

603565

109790

603296

168NAP

38144

NAP343

theFYROMacedonia

211

110286

724559

627289

034

0NAP

42Turkey

741021

8431779

1574024392

3016025497

128556687

00

0Ukraine

NAPNAP

NAP705

1024526382

276937165

NA1753

NAPNAP

NAUK:Engl.&

Wales

2001281

29592081

1548211408

132985021

5137468

5119NAP

6651UK:North.Ireland

011

62133

319206

281128

7160

NANAP

0UK:Scotland

6590

464625

9911184

1566258

10100

00



NOTES–TABLE7

Some countriesmay have included persons sentenced to securitymeasures (mentally-ill offenders andpersons considered as dangerous offenders) under the category “life imprisonment”, because in suchcases the length of detention/imprisonment is not fixed. However, as a rule, such persons have beenexcludedfromthedistribution,andcountedseparately(seenotestoTable7).

Several figures inTable 7 are presentedbetween squaredbrackets and/orwith a different backgroundcolourbecausetheydonotcorrespondtothecategorisationofthelengthofsentencesusedintheSPACEquestionnaire(i.e.thelowerorupperlimitsaredifferent,ortwoormorecategorieshavebeenmerged).

ALBANIAü Point(K)–Personsundersecuritymeasuresarenotincludedinthetotalnumberofprisoners.

ARMENIAü Points(A)(B),(C)and(D)–Lessthanoneyear.ü Point(H)–From10tolessthan15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point(I)–15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).

AZERBAIJANü Points(A),(B),(C),(D),and(E)–Lessthan2years.ü Point(F)–2yearstolessthan7years(insteadof3yearstolessthan5years).ü Point(G)–7yearstolessthan12years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years).ü Points(H)and(I)–12yearsandover(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).

BULGARIAü Points(A),(B),(C)and(D)–Itisnotpossibletokeepthesegroupsseparateinthestatistics.In

thatcategoryareincludedallprisonerswithsentencesunderoneyear.ü Point (J) – Among the 173 inmates are as well included 57 persons sentenced to life

imprisonmentwithoutthepossibilityofparole.CROATIA

ü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (K) – Persons under securitymeasurewithout any length of sentence imposed are not

managedwithintheprisonsystem.ü Point(M)–PersonssentencedundertheLawonMinorOffences(191)ü InTable7areincludedaswellinmateswhostartedservingprisonsentenceinadvance.Minors

donothaveaspecificlengthofsentencenorthoseundereducationalmeasures;thereforetheyarenotincludedinTable7.Attheendof2014therewere70personsunderspecialregimeforjuvenileoffenders.

CZECHREPUBLICü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Points (A) and (B)– It is not possible to keep these groups separate in the statistics. In that

categoryareincludedallprisonerswithsentencesunderonemonth.ü FiguresinTable7correspondtothenumberofsentencedprisonersaccordingthelengthofthe

sentencethatinmatesarecurrentlyserving.ü Point(K)–40personsheldinthePreventiveDetentionFacility.

DENMARKü Point (M)–Underthisheadingareincluded23personssentencedaccordingtoCriminalLawof

Greenland(specialmeasuresagainstmentallyillpeopleandparticularlydangerouspeople).FRANCE

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Points(A),(B),and(C)–Itisnotpossibletokeepthesegroupsseparateinthestatistics.ü Point(I)–From20to30years(insteadof20yearsandover).ü Data relate to the whole penal population, and not only on those who are held in penal

institutions.



GEORGIAWarning:Figurescontainscurrentstatisticaldata(21stJuly2015),thisiswhythesumsdon’tmatchthetotalnumberofsentencedprisonerswhichfiguresareon31stAugust2014GERMANY

ü Datarelateto31stMarch2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Figures about sentenced inmates were taken from the publication for the year 2014 of the

Statistisches Bundesamt - "Rechtspflege - Bestand der Gefangenen und Verwahrten in denJustizvollzugsanstaltennachihrerUnterbringungaufHaftplätzendesgeschlossenenundoffenenVollzugesjeweilszudenStichtagen31.März,31.Augustund30.NovembereinesJahres".

ü Asallfiguresaboutthelengthofemprisonmentingermanywheretakenfromthe"Fachserie10Reihe 4.1 of the StatistischesBundesamt - Rechtspflege 2014 - Strafvollzug -Demographischeund kriminologischeMerkmale der Strafgefangenen zum Stichtag 31.1. The sums don’tmatchthetotalnumberofsentencedprisonersbecausefiguresweretakenfromdifferentpublications

ü Point(D)–6monthsto1year(insteadof6monthstolessthan1year).ü Point(E)–Morethan1yearto2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years).ü Point(F)–Morethan2yearsto5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years).ü Point(G)–Morethan5yearsto10years(insteadof5yearstolessthan10years).ü Point(H)–Morethan10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point (K)– Persons under preventive measures are not included in the total number of

sentencedprisoners,becausetheyhavealreadyservedtheirsentence.GREECEWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].

ü Points(B)and(C)–Fromonetolessthan6months.ü Point(E)–From1yeartolessthan2years(insteadof1yeartolessthan3years).ü Point(F)–From2yearstolessthan5years(insteadof3yeartolessthan5years).ü Point(H)–From10yearsto15years(insteadof10yearstolessthan20years).ü Point(I)–15yearsandover(insteadof20yearsandover).ü Point(M)–Included18prisonersfordebtsand503detaineesawaitingdeportation.

HUNGARYü Point (K) –173 persons under preventive measures are not included here because they are

servingtheirmainprisonsentences.ITALY

ü Point(K)–The“internees”undersecuritymeasuresarenotconsideredasbeingfinalsentencedinmates. Therefore, persons undergoing security measures are not counted among finallysentencedinmates.

LATVIAü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (L)–UntilDecember31st2011deathpenaltyinLatviawasnotapplicableforthecrimes

whichwerecommittedinapeacetime.CriminalLawofLatviaprovidedpossibilityofapplicationof the death sentence for the crimes committed in wartime.Death penaltywas excluded fromCriminalLawofLatviasinceJanuary1st2012.

LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü AccordingtothePenalProcedureCode,sentencedprisonersafterhavingsubmittedtheirwritten

consentmay start servingprison sentencebefore thehearingof their case in order of appeal.Therefore, sentencedprisoners inappeal, aswellasprisonerswhosesentenceshadcome intoforcebeforetheirtransfertoapenitentiaryinstitutionareincludedintothegeneralnumberofprisonerswhosesentenceis inforceandtheyareservingit. InTable7areincludedadditional381persons.

MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfigures



arepresentedbetweenbrackets[].MOLDOVA

ü Becauseofthequarterlydatacollection,theinformationusedinTable7isestablishedaccordingtothesituationon1stOctober2014.

THENETHERLANDSü Point(M)–187inmateswithunknowndurationofprisonsentencesimposed.

NORWAYü Breakdown of prisoners in Table 7 is based on calculated estimates according to length of

sentencesimposed.Theonlyrelevantreportavailableshowsthenumberofseparatesentencesbeingserved.Inmostcasesanewsentencewillbemergedwithapreviousone,butnotalways.For the SPACEpurpose, the figureswere adjustedproportionately to equal other itemsof thequestionnaireusedforthissurvey.

ü Point (K) –persons sentenced to securitymeasures (Forvaring) are included inother itemsofTable 7 according to the length of themain sentence,which should be equal to theminimumtimetobeservedasspecifiedinthesentence.

POLANDü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.Providedinputscorrespondto

thenumberoffinalandnon-finalsentencesinsteadofthenumberofpersonssentenced.ü ThereisadifferentbreakdownbythelengthofthesentencesinPoland:

- 1-3months(including3months):567;- From3monthsto6months(including6months):4513;- From6monthsto1year:14001;- From1yearto3years:30033;- From3yearsto5years:8360;- From5yearsto10years:4913;- From10yearsto15years:2581;- 25years:1660;- Lifeimprisonment:342.

PORTUGALü Datarelateto31stDecember2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point (K) – 275 inmates under “security measures” (mentally-ill), of which 136 placed in

psychiatricpenitentiaryhospitals,and139innon-penitentiaryhospitals.RUSSIANFEDERATION

ü Totalnumberofprisonersdonoincludejuvenileinmates(1860).SERBIA

ü Point (K) –"Securitymeasures" are special sentences for offenderswith psychiatric disorders(notcriminallyresponsibleatthemomentwhenthecrimewascommitted).

ü Table7:Figuresdonotincludeinformationonpersonssentencedundermisdemeanouract,andpersons convicted to up to one year prison term, because they are serving alternative non-custodial sanctions. For prison sentences of up to one yearmay be imposed theHouse arrestsentence with or without electronic surveillance. For fine defaulters and shorter sentences(prison sentences up to 3 years) it is possible to apply a sentence of Community Service. TheCourtmayalsodecide to convert–under specific circumstances- thedetention in custody intothemeasureofhousearrest.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean

values.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)

ü On 1st January 2012 came into force a methodological reform consisting in the use of thepenitentiary information system as an official source of data for the general secretariat ofpenitentiary institutions. This adjustment made possible the collection of national data



accordinglytotheSPACEcategories,whichisreferredinTable7.ü Point(K)–personssentencedtosecuritymeasuresareincludedinitemsofTable7accordingto

thelengthofthemainsentence.SWEDEN

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.SWITZERLAND

ü Datarelateto3drSeptember2013insteadof1stSeptember2014.TURKEY

ü Datarelateto1stOctober2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Prisonerswhohavenotbeensentencedyetwerenottakenintothistable.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Datarelateto30thJune2014insteadof1stSeptember2014.ü Point(K)–IncludedpersonsunderIndeterminateSentencesforPublicProtection.ü Point(M)–Inthiscategoryareincludedunrecordedsentences(lessthanorequalto6months,

and1-4years),recallsandfinedefaulters.UK:NORTHERNIRELAND

ü Sentence length includes both the custodial element and the licence element (i.e. period onprobation).

UK:SCOTLANDü Detailcurrentlyonlyavailableforthefollowingsentencebands:

- Lessthan1month:65;- 1tolessthan3months:90;- 3tolessthan6months:464;- 6tolessthan1year:625;- 1tolessthan2years:991;- 2tolessthan4years:1184;- 4tolessthan10years:1566;- 10yearsandover:258;- Lifesentence:1010(includeslifersrecalledfromlicence);



TABLE7.1:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)

(A)–LESSTHAN1MONTH (F)–FROM3YEARSTOLESSTHAN5YEARS (K)–SECURITYMEASURESOFINDETERMINATELENGTH(B)–FROM1MONTHTOLESSTHAN3MONTHS (G)–FROM5YEARSTOLESSTHAN10YEARS (L)–PRISONERSSENTENCEDTODEATH(C)–FROM3MONTHSTOLESSTHAN6MONTHS (H)–FROM10YEARSTOLESSTHAN20YEARS (M)–OTHERSENTENCES(D)–FROM6MONTHSTOLESSTHANONEYEAR (I)–20YEARSANDOVER Total(E)–FROM1YEARTOLESSTHAN3YEARS (J)–LIFEIMPRISONMENT


Country (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) (I) (J) (K) (L) (M) Total

Albania 0.0 0.4 0.6 3.9 8.9 16.7 42.3 11.9 9.2 5.9 Note NAP 0.0 100.0Andorra 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45.5 18.2 0.0 36.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Armenia 1.6 10.1 23.8 46.7 13.6 0.6 3.5 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Austria 0.2 3.4 5.2 10.9 35.5 17.9 18.0 6.8 0.3 1.9 NAP NAP NA 100.0Azerbaijan 12.6 49.7 26.8 9.5 1.4 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Belgium 0.0 0.0 0.2 5.0 17.1 26.3 31.4 10.6 7.0 2.4 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0BH:BiH(st.lvel) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 1.5 2.7 5.0 7.0 22.6 15.3 21.4 21.1 3.5 NAP NA NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 30.0 30.8 14.7 11.5 10.2 0.5 2.4 NA NAP NA 100.0Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ***Cyprus 0.7 7.1 4.6 11.4 18.5 13.5 13.9 19.9 5.0 5.5 0 NAP 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 0.7 5.0 17.7 39.2 15.0 14.6 6.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 NAP NAP 100.0Denmark 1.0 4.3 6.2 12.6 33.9 13.4 14.0 10.5 0.2 1.0 2.0 NAP 1.0 100.0Estonia 0.0 0.8 2.9 7.2 24.1 25.0 25.0 12.3 0.9 1.7 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Finland 1.7 3.3 5.3 8.3 30.5 18.5 16.4 7.4 0.0 8.5 NAP NAP NAP 100.0France 17.5 19.1 29.3 11.5 10.0 8.6 3.1 0.8 NAP NAP NA 100.0Georgia 0.0 0.1 0.8 4.2 24.9 26.1 34.3 11.7 0.6 0.9 0.0 NAP NA 103.6Germany 1.5 9.6 13.5 21.1 19.6 24.9 6.9 1.2 NAP 3.7 1.0 NAP NAP 102.9Greece 1.0 1.2 1.5 5.0 32.6 19.9 22.8 10.8 NA NAP 5.5 100.0Hungary [0.6] [1.6] [3.1] [11.9] [36.4] [17.3] [20.3] [6.3] [0.4] [2.2] [1] [NAP] [0.0] [101.3]Iceland 0.7 4.1 9.0 9.7 33.1 12.4 20.0 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Ireland 0.2 0.2 2.4 8.0 23.5 22.6 23.8 8.2 0.4 10.5 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Italy 0.2 0.2 1.0 3.6 18.3 21.0 28.8 16.5 6.0 4.4 3.0 NAP 0.0 103.2Latvia 0.4 0.3 1.4 3.1 19.3 19.2 37.4 17.2 0.1 1.6 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Lithuania 0.7 1.9 1.8 4.2 24.8 23.4 26.2 20.2 0.3 1.5 NAP NAP NAP 105.0Luxembourg 0.0 0.5 0.8 9.5 26.7 15.5 21.3 13.4 8.7 3.3 NAP NAP 0.3 100.0Malta [0.5] [4.5] [5.2] [6.0] [22.8] [22.0] [28.0] [10.7] [7.6] [3.1] [NAP] [NAP] [0.0] [110.5]Moldova NAP NAP NAP 1.1 9.5 17.2 35.7 31.0 3.7 1.8 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Monaco 0.0 11.1 11.1 33.3 11.1 11.1 22.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Montenegro 3.1 4.7 8.4 5.5 48.0 20.9 4.3 2.0 3.0 0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Netherlands 14.8 9.7 7.8 12.0 22.9 10.0 10.6 7.6 0.7 0.6 NAP NAP 3.4 100.0Norway 2.2 7.5 7.3 17.5 29.9 13.3 12.1 7.0 0.6 NAP NAP NAP 0.0 97.3Poland 1.0 6.3 19.7 42.2 11.8 6.9 3.6 2.3 0.5 NA NAP 0.0 94.1Portugal 0.0 0.6 1.4 3.7 14.5 19.9 37.3 15.2 3.0 NAP 2.4 NAP 4.5 102.4Romania 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.7 22.9 30.1 27.0 14.2 3.2 0.5 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0RussianFed. NA NA NA 3.3 20.2 22.3 36.8 15.5 1.2 0.3 NA NAP 0.0 99.6SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Serbia 0.0 2.8 7.2 9.1 27.7 21.1 19.2 10.3 2.6 0.0 Note NAP 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 0.5 1.3 6.7 17.1 28.0 14.0 23.1 7.0 1.7 0.5 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Slovenia 0.5 1.3 5.8 12.2 36.9 16.7 16.3 9.3 1.1 0.0 NAP NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(total) 0.4 0.1 1.9 6.2 18.7 23.8 27.6 16.3 4.7 NAP 0 NAP NAP 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 0.3 0.1 1.8 6.6 19.1 24.1 27.1 16.0 4.9 NAP 0 NAP NAP 100.0

Spain(Catalonia) 0.8 0.4 2.8 4.0 16.7 21.9 30.7 18.2 3.6 NAP 0.8 NAP 0.0 100.0

Sweden 0.4 5.3 5.3 9.5 36.4 16.5 15.0 8.1 0.3 3.3 NAP NAP NAP 100.0Switzerland 2.4 16.1 15.1 2.9 21.1 16.1 7.9 4.5 NAP 1.0 3.8 NAP 9.1 100.0theFYROMacedonia

0.1 0.4 4.1 10.7 27.0 20.8 23.4 10.8 0.0 1.3 0 NAP 1.6 100.0

Turkey 0.1 0.9 0.7 1.5 13.2 20.4 25.2 21.3 10.8 5.6 0.0 NAP 0.0 99.6Ukraine NAP NAP NAP 1.0 13.9 35.7 37.5 9.7 NA 2.4 NAP NAP NA 100.0UK:Engl.&Wales 0.3 1.8 4.1 2.9 21.7 16.0 18.6 7.0 0.7 10.4 7.2 NAP 9.3 100.0

UK:North.Ireland 0.0 0.8 4.7 10.2 24.4 15.8 21.5 9.8 0.5 12.2 NA NAP 0.0 100.0

UK:Scotland 1.0 1.4 7.4 10.0 15.8 18.9 25.0 4.1 16.2 0.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Average 2.2 2.5 4.0 7.9 25.9 18.4 22.0 11.8 2.7 3.0 0.9 0.9 Median 0.5 0.8 4.1 7.0 23.8 18.0 22.1 10.5 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 30.0 16.1 15.1 33.3 100.0 49.7 46.7 36.4 22.8 16.2 7.2 9.3



TABLE7.2:LENGTHSOFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(CUMULATIVEPERCENTAGES)


CountryLessthan1year

1yearandover(fixed-term

sentence)

3yearsandover(fixed-term

sentence)


sentence)


sentence)

Totalfixed-termsentences

Lifeimprisonment

Other&securitymeasures

Total

Albania 5.0 89.1 80.2 63.5 21.2 94.1 5.9 0.0 100.0Andorra 0.0 100.0 54.5 36.4 36.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Armenia 1.6 94.8 84.7 61.0 14.3 96.5 3.5 0.0 100.0Austria 19.6 78.5 43.0 25.1 7.1 98.1 1.9 0.0 100.0Azerbaijan 12.6 86.0 86.0 36.3 9.5 98.6 1.4 0.0 100.0Belgium 5.2 92.3 75.2 48.9 17.5 97.5 2.4 0.0 100.0BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 16.1 83.9 61.3 46.0 24.6 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Bulgaria 30.0 67.6 36.8 22.1 10.7 97.6 2.4 0.0 100.0Croatia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ***Cyprus 23.7 70.8 52.3 38.8 24.9 94.5 5.5 0.0 100.0CzechRep. 23.4 76.1 36.8 21.8 7.2 99.5 0.3 0.2 100.0Denmark 24.1 71.9 38.0 24.6 10.7 96.0 1.0 3.1 100.0Estonia 11.0 87.3 63.2 38.2 13.2 98.3 1.7 0.0 100.0Finland 18.6 72.9 42.4 23.9 7.5 91.5 8.5 100.0France 36.6 62.6 33.3 21.8 11.8 99.2 0.8 0.0 100.0Georgia 5.1 97.5 72.6 46.6 12.3 102.7 0.9 0.0 103.6Germany 45.7 52.6 33.0 8.1 1.2 98.3 3.7 0.9 102.9Greece 1.8 81.8 80.3 75.3 42.8 83.6 10.8 5.5 100.0Hungary [17.2] [80.7] [44.3] [27.0] [6.7] [97.9] [2.2] [1.2] [101.3]Iceland 23.4 76.6 43.4 31.0 11.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Ireland 10.9 78.6 55.1 32.4 8.6 89.5 10.5 0.0 100.0Italy 4.9 90.6 72.3 51.4 22.5 95.6 4.4 3.2 103.2Latvia 5.2 93.3 74.0 54.8 17.4 98.4 1.6 0.0 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 100.0 50.0 50.0 25.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Lithuania 8.6 94.9 70.1 46.7 20.5 103.4 1.5 0.0 105.0Luxembourg 10.9 85.6 58.9 43.3 22.1 96.5 3.3 0.3 100.0Malta [16.2] [91.1] [68.3] [46.3] [18.3] […] [3.1] [0.0] [110.5]Moldova 1.1 97.1 87.6 70.4 34.7 98.2 1.8 0.0 100.0Monaco 55.6 44.4 33.3 22.2 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Montenegro 21.7 78.3 30.2 9.3 5.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Netherlands 44.3 51.7 28.8 18.8 8.3 96.0 0.6 3.4 100.0Norway 34.4 62.9 33.0 19.6 7.6 97.3 NAP 0.0 97.3Poland 26.8 66.8 24.6 12.9 6.0 93.7 0.5 0.0 94.1Portugal 5.6 89.8 75.3 55.4 18.2 95.5 NAP 6.9 102.4Romania 1.9 97.5 74.6 44.4 17.4 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0RussianFed. 3.3 95.9 75.8 53.5 16.6 99.3 0.3 0.0 99.6SanMarino 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Serbia 19.1 80.9 53.2 32.1 12.9 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0SlovakRep. 25.7 73.9 45.8 31.8 8.7 99.5 0.5 0.0 100.0Slovenia 19.8 80.2 43.3 26.7 10.4 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Spain(total) 8.6 91.2 72.5 48.7 21.1 99.9 NAP 0.1 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 8.7 91.3 72.2 48.1 21.0 100.0 NAP 0.0 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 8.1 91.2 74.5 52.5 21.8 99.2 NAP 0.8 100.0Sweden 20.4 76.2 39.9 23.4 8.4 96.7 3.3 0.0 100.0Switzerland 36.5 49.5 28.5 12.4 4.5 86.0 1.0 13.0 100.0theFYROMacedonia 15.2 81.9 55.0 34.1 10.8 97.2 1.3 1.6 100.0Turkey 3.1 90.9 77.7 57.3 32.1 94.0 5.6 0.0 99.6Ukraine 1.0 96.7 82.8 47.1 9.7 97.6 2.4 0.0 100.0UK:Engl.&Wales 9.1 64.0 42.3 26.3 7.7 73.1 10.4 16.5 100.0UK:North.Ireland 15.8 72.0 47.6 31.8 10.3 87.8 12.2 0.0 100.0UK:Scotland 19.9 64.0 48.1 29.2 4.1 83.8 16.2 0.0 100.0Average 15.8 80.7 54.8 36.3 14.3 96.5 3.0 1.2 Median 15.2 81.8 53.2 34.1 11.0 98.1 1.6 0.0 Minimum 0.0 44.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 73.1 0.0 0.0 Maximum 55.6 100.0 87.6 75.3 42.8 100.0 16.2 16.5



TABLE7.3:LENGTHSOFLESSTHANONEYEAROFSENTENCESIMPOSED(FINALSENTENCEDPRISONERS)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)


CountryLessthan1month

1monthtolessthan3months

3monthstolessthan6months

6monthstolessthan1year

Totallessthan1year

Albania 0.0 8.5 12.3 79.2 100.0Andorra 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Armenia Austria 0.9 17.1 26.4 55.5 100.0Azerbaijan 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Belgium 0.4 0.2 3.1 96.2 100.0BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 9.0 16.5 30.8 43.6 100.0Bulgaria 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Croatia 0.6 1.7 12.6 85.2 100.0Cyprus 2.9 29.8 19.2 48.1 100.0CzechRep. 3.0 0.0 21.3 75.7 100.0Denmark 4.3 17.8 25.5 52.4 100.0Estonia 0.4 7.3 26.6 65.6 100.0Finland 9.2 17.7 28.4 44.6 100.0France 47.7 0.0 0.0 52.3 100.0Georgia 0.0 1.6 16.6 81.9 100.0Germany 3.3 20.9 29.6 46.2 100.0Greece 32.0 0.0 0.0 68.0 100.0Hungary [3.2] [9.6] [18.0] [69.2] [100.0]Iceland 2.9 17.6 38.2 41.2 100.0Ireland 2.3 2.3 21.8 73.7 100.0Italy 3.4 4.5 19.9 72.2 100.0Latvia 7.3 6.8 26.6 59.3 100.0Liechtenstein 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania 7.9 21.8 21.4 48.9 100.0Luxembourg 0.0 5.0 7.5 87.5 100.0Malta [3.2] [27.4] [32.3] [37.1] [100.0]Moldova NAP NAP NAP 100.0 100.0Monaco 0.0 20.0 20.0 60.0 100.0Montenegro 14.3 21.7 38.5 25.5 100.0Netherlands 33.4 21.9 17.6 27.1 100.0Norway 6.3 21.8 21.1 50.8 100.0Poland 3.0 0.0 23.7 73.4 100.0Portugal 0.3 9.8 24.2 65.6 100.0Romania 0.4 1.2 10.6 87.8 100.0RussianFed. NA NA NA 100.0 100.0SanMarino 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Serbia 0.0 14.7 37.8 47.6 100.0SlovakRep. 2.1 5.1 26.1 66.7 100.0Slovenia 2.5 6.6 29.5 61.4 100.0Spain(total) 4.5 1.6 21.9 71.9 100.0Spain(StateAdm.) 3.6 1.1 20.0 75.3 100.0Spain(Catalonia) 10.5 5.3 34.5 49.7 100.0Sweden 1.9 25.7 25.9 46.5 100.0Switzerland 6.6 44.1 41.3 8.0 100.0theFYROMacedonia 0.5 2.7 26.9 69.9 100.0Turkey 2.0 27.5 22.7 47.9 100.0Ukraine NAP NAP NAP 100.0 100.0UK:Engl.&Wales 3.1 19.6 45.4 31.9 100.0UK:North.Ireland 0.0 5.3 30.1 64.6 100.0UK:Scotland 5.2 7.2 37.3 50.2 100.0Average 9.6 10.8 21.1 55.0 Median 3.0 7.0 22.2 55.5 Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Maximum 100.0 44.1 45.4 100.0



NOTES–TABLES7.1,7.2,AND7.3

SeenotestoTables5and7.

Allmergedcategories(e.g.categories(a)and(b)orother)wereexcludedfromthecalculationofaverage,median,minimumandmaximumindicatorsattheEuropeanlevel.

FiguresfromArmeniawerenotincludedbecausethereisnobreakdownofsentencesoflessthan1year.

FIGURE3:COUNTRIESWITHHIGHESTPERCENTAGESOFPRISONERSSENTENCEDTOLESSTHANONEYEAR

Figure3providesaclassificationofthecountrieswiththehighestpercentagesofprisonersservingshortprison sentences (less than one year). This Figure includes 23 countries where the percentages ofprisonerssentencedtolessthan1yearwereabovetheEuropeanmedianvalue(15.2%).

Between2009and2014theevolutionoftheEuropeanmedianfollowedthecurvilineartrend:17.1%in2009,16.4%in2010,18.6%in2011,14.9%in2012,13.3%in2013and15.2%in2014.

Formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTable7shouldbetakenintoaccount.

16.1

16.2

17.2

18.6

19.1

19.6

19.8

19.9

20.4

21.7

23.4

23.4

23.7

24.1

25.7

26.8

30.0

34.4

36.5

36.6 44.3

45.7

55.6

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%

BH:R

ep.Srpska

Malta

Hungary

Finland

Serbia

Austria

Sloven

ia

UK:Scotla

nd

Swed

en

Mon

tene

gro

CzechRe

p.

Iceland

Cyprus

Denm

ark

SlovakRep

.

Poland

Bulgaria

Norway

Switzerland

France

Nethe

rland

s

Germ

any

Mon

aco

EuropeanAverage=15.8EuropeanMedian=15.2



ii. Prison Movements during 2013




TABLE8:FLO

WOFEN

TRIESTOPEN

ALINSTITU

TIONSIN

2013


Country

Totalnumberof

entriesin2013

Rateofentries

topenal

institu

tionsper

100000

inhabitants

Entriesbeforefin

alsentence

Entriesaftertherevocation,

suspensionorannulmentofth

e

conditio

nalreleaseorprobation

Entriesfollowingtransferfroma

foreigncountry(TOTAL)


MemberStateofth

eEU

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthenumber

ofentries

following

transferfroma

foreigncountry

Albania

4557157.2

404088.7

1834.0

491.1

4693.9

Andorra

108141.6

3532.4

65.6

00.0

00.0

Armenia

NANA

NANA

NANA

2NA

00.0

Austria

11926141.1

859972.1

NANA

NANA

NANA

Azerbaijan

889395.0

803790.4

NANA

760.9

11.3

Belgium

18560166.3

1165162.8

NANA

NANA

NANA

BH:BiH(st.le

vel)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska

1702119.4

42525.0

10.1

140.8

535.7

Bulgaria

715298.2

223831.3

NANA

320.4

NANA

Croatia

11025258.7

NANA

NANA

160.1

318.8

Cyprus

2697311.5

1'33949.6

NAPNAP

10.0

1100.0

CzechRep.

913186.8

525457.5

NANA

700.8

NANA

Denmark

14423257.4

NANA

430.3

NANA

NANA

Estonia

2153163.1

159674.1

NANA

160.7

1593.8

Finland

5809107.0

199034.3

NANA

270.5

2177.8

France

89290136.2

4699852.6

NANA

NANA

NANA

Georgia

8224183.7

NANA

230.3

NANA

NANA

Germany

95574116.5

1126011.8

NANA

NANA

NANA

Greece

13556123.3

NANA

NANA

50.0

480.0

Hungary

32151324.5

1254739.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

Iceland

30594.8

13343.6

72.3

31.0

3100.0

Ireland

15926346.9

334021.0

NANA

40.0

4100.0

Italy

5939099.5

5051985.1

NANA

NANA

NANA

Latvia

12268606.2

799065.1

421234.3

660.5

3248.5

Liechtenstein

68184.6

3754.4

11.5

34.4

00.0

Lithuania

8836297.3

587966.5

NANA

580.7

3662.1

Luxembourg

787146.5

63881.1

293.7

20.3

2100.0

Malta

673159.7

38056.5

537.9

10.1

1100.0

Moldova

273676.9

NANA

NANA

NANA

0NA

Monaco

132348.9

10781.1

00.0

00.0

00.0



PC-CP(2015)7

Country

Totalnumberof

entriesin2013

Rateofentries

topenal

institu

tionsper

100000

inhabitants

Entriesbeforefin

alsentence

Entriesaftertherevocation,

suspensionorannulmentofth

e

conditio

nalreleaseorprobation


foreigncountry(TOTAL)


MemberStateofth

eEU

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthetotal

numberof

entries

Number

%inthenumber

ofentries

following

transferfroma

foreigncountry

Montenegro

2552411.0

65525.7

00.0

431.7

2558.1

Netherlands

39815237.3

1605540.3

NANA

1530.4

NANA

Norway

10002198.0

396339.6

NANA

00.0

00.0

Poland

89063234.0

1615718.1

NANA

12021.3

NANA

Portugal

614958.6

252441.0

NAPNAP

NAPNAP

NAPNAP

Romania

1582279.0

157810.0

NAPNAP

1791.1

17698.3

RussianFed.

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

SanMarino

926.8

444.4

00.0

00.0

00.0

Serbia

25947361.3

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

SlovakRep.

8026148.3

290336.2

NANA

1211.5

NANA

Slovenia

3268158.7

84725.9

NANA

70.2

571.4

Spain(total)50123

107.332186

64.2827

1.6282

0.693

33.0Spain(StateAdm.)

43430110.7

2870766.1

7631.8

00.0

00.0

Spain(Catalonia)

669389.5

347952.0

641.0

NANA

NA

Sweden

37506392.5

2853176.1

NANA

1070.3

2220.6

Switzerland

53833669.6

1684031.3

NANA

NANA

NANA

theFYROMacedonia

2350114.0

34814.8

00.0

311.3

1238.7

Turkey

249057329.3

5864023.5

3500.1

NANA

NANA

Ukraine

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

UK:Engl.&

Wales

107318189.1

8256776.9

1620715.1

NANA

NANA

UK:North.Ireland

4375239.5

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

UK:Scotland

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

Average

201.0

48.7

4.1

0.7

48.1

Median

159.2

44.4

1.0

0.4

48.5

Minimum

26.8

10.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Maximum

669.6

90.4

34.3

4.4

100.0



NOTES–TABLE8

AZERBAIJANü InTable8only the totalnumberof entries inprisons is included.Figuresdonot relate to the

entriesintopolicestations.BELGIUM

ü GiventhatpersonsunderElectronicMonitoringareincludedinthetotalnumberofinmates(seeTable1.1),theentriesunderthistypeofregimeareincludedinthetotalnumberofentries.

CYPRUSü Totalnumberofentriesinpenalinstitutionsin2012was13138,ofwhich3159wereentriesin

prisoninstitutionand9983wereentriesinpolicestations.ü IntheTable8allfiguresrefertoentriesinthepenalinstitutiononly(enteriesinpolicestations

areexcluded)ü EntriesfollowingtransferfromaMemberStateoftheEU:OneentryfromtheUK.

CZECHREPUBLICü Entries following transfer from a foreign country: The Prison Service of the Czech Republic

providesescortsofinmatesfromforeigncountries.Moreover,someescortswereprovidedfromtheborders(crossborderescorts)buttherearenofiguresavailableonthistypeoftransfers.

ü Othertransferswereprovidedbythepolice.Yet, thePrisonServicedoesnotkeepanyspecificdataaboutsuchtransfers.ThedatamaybeavailableattheMinistryofInteriororattheMinistryofForeignAffairs.

FINLANDü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Includesallthepersonswhohavebeenbrought

fromabroadtoaFinnishprison.Thisnumberincludesthefollowing:• Personswho entered Finnish prison on the basis of extradition (20): the personwas

apprehended abroad on the basis of the Nordic (NAW) or European (EAW) orinternational arrestwarrant issuedby theFinnishprosecutor (on thebasis of theon-going criminal procedure) or issued by the Criminal Sanctions Agency (in order toenforcetheprisonsentenceinFinland),and

• Personswhoaretransferredasprisoners(7):theenforcementofthesentencehasbeendecidedtotakeoverfromanothercountryintoFinland.

THENETHERLANDSü Entries included in Table 8 are only entries in penal institutions. Entries in custodial clinics,

institutionsfor juvenilesandinstitutionsforaliensareexcluded.Inthetotalnumberofentriesareincludedentriesfromfreesocietyandthosefrompolicestationsintopenalinstitutions.

ü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:TheseareinmateswhowereconvictedoutsidetheNetherlands,buttheycanservetheirsentenceintheNetherlands.Suchprocedures,basedonaspecial law(WOTS),make the transferenceof theexecutionof criminal judgementspossible.Theseprisonersdonothave tobeborn in theNetherlands,but there shouldbe some formofbond/tie with the Netherlands (e.g. because of having the Dutch nationality and living andworkingthere).Sincethe1stNovember2012anewlaw(WETS)isinforce,whichregulatesthispossibilitytoo,butonlyforEuropeancountries.

NORWAYü Entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release or probation:

Nearly all revocations are combined with a new sentence. Therefore no separate figures areavailableforthiscategoryofentries.

SWEDENü Entriesfollowingtransferfromaforeigncountry:Refersonlytoclientswhohavestartedserving

thesentenceinthesentencingcountry.UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

ü Entriesaftertherevocation,suspensionorannulmentoftheconditionalreleaseorprobation:Thenewrecordingsystemdoesnotallowanylongerisolatingrecallreceptions.



ü Number of entries before final sentence: taken from Offender Management Statistics Quarterly(October-December2014)Annualreceptionstables.Referstoremand(untried)firstreceptionsplusremand(convictedunsentenced).

ü Number of entries after the revocation, suspension or annulment of the conditional release orprobation: is taken from Table 5.1 Offender Management Statistics Quarterly (January-March2014)andreferstoprisonersrecalledtoprisonafterbeingoutonlicence.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Thesignificantdecreasebetween2012(6362entries)and2013(4375entries)isduetoaJudicial

ReviewwhichledtothesuspensionofFineDefaultPrisonersgoingtoprison.




TABLE9:FLO

WOFRELEASESFRO

MPEN

ALINSTITU

TIONSIN

2013


Country

Totalnum

berofreleasesin2013(A)

Rateofreleasesfrom

penalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants

Pre-trialdetaineesreleasedFinalsentencedprisoners

released

Ofwhich

Other

Releasesasaresultofareleaseundercondition(incl.

conditionalreleaseandexternalplacem

entunderElectronicMonitoringorProbation)

Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

Otherreleasesoffinalsentencedprisoners

Num

ber(B)

%inthetotal

numberof

releases

Num

ber(C)

%inthetotal

numberof

releases

Num

ber(C.1)

%inthetotal

numberof

finalsentencedprisonersreleased

Num

ber(C.2)

%inthetotal

numberof


Num

ber(C.3)

%inthetotal

numberof


Num

ber(D)

%inthetotal

numberof

releases

Albania3569

123.12293

64.21276

35.8341

26.7935

73.30

0.00

0.0Andorra

81106.2

4960.5

3239.5

618.8

2681.3

00.0

00.0

Armenia

253183.6

54521.5

196077.4

28914.7

99250.6

67934.6

261.0

Austria11818

139.83207

27.17602

64.32458

32.34143

54.51001

13.21009

8.5Azerbaijan

752980.5

86211.4

650986.5

149423.0

258539.7

243037.3

1582.1

Belgium

18395164.8

740040.2

973752.9

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

12586.8

BH:BiH

(st.level)

BH

:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska

1579110.8

37523.7

120076.0

31025.8

88673.8

40.3

40.3

Bulgaria6742

92.6682

10.16060

89.9853

14.15203

85.94

0.1NA

NA

Croatia10911

256.03251

29.83049

27.91983

65.0921

30.2145

4.84611

42.3Cyprus

2'094241.8

65031.0

1'43968.7

83458.0

60542.0

00.0

50.2

CzechRep.15355

146.01877

12.212173

79.32834

23.32868

23.66471

53.21305

8.5Denm

arkNA

NA

NA

NA

8938NA

384743.0

509157.0

00.0

22NA

Estonia2345

177.6448

19.11897

80.9439

23.11458

76.90

0.00

0.0Finland

5940109.5

111418.8

471779.4

353374.9

118225.1

20.0

1091.8

France88203

134.511952

13.676251

86.47999

10.568252

89.50

0.00

0.0Georgia

18670417.0

NA

NA

1524981.7

157810.3

350623.0

1016566.7

342118.3

Germany

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Greece9067

82.52333

25.76734

74.3NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Hungary

31320316.1

622819.9

1539049.1

565736.8

942761.3

3062.0

970231.0

Iceland341

105.973

21.4265

77.7153

57.799

37.413

4.93

0.9Ireland

16868367.4

364021.6

1322878.4

NA

NA

480.4

NA

NA

NA

NA

Italy69316

116.128261

40.840571

58.516589

40.923982

59.1NA

NA

4840.7

Latvia3768

186.21272

33.82476

65.7467

18.91910

77.199

4.020

0.5Liechtenstein

61165.6

34.9

5895.1

1322.4

00.0

4577.6

00.0

LithuaniaNA

NA

NA

NA

5150NA

114122.2

396176.9

480.9

50NA

Luxembourg

792147.5

37847.7

38148.1

16142.3

21857.2

20.5

334.2



PC-CP(2015)7

Country

Totalnum

berofreleasesin2013(A)

Rateofreleasesfrom

penalinstitutionsper100000inhabitants

Pre-trialdetaineesreleasedFinalsentencedprisoners

released

Ofwhich

Other

Releasesasaresultofareleaseundercondition(incl.

conditionalreleaseandexternalplacem

entunderElectronicMonitoringorProbation)

Unconditionalreleasesattheendofacustodialsentence

Otherreleasesoffinalsentencedprisoners

Num

ber(B)

%inthetotal

numberof

releases

Num

ber(C)

%inthetotal

numberof

releases

Num

ber(C.1)

%inthetotal

numberof


Num

ber(C.2)

%inthetotal

numberof


Num

ber(C.3)

%inthetotal

numberof


Num

ber(D)

%inthetotal

numberof

releases

Malta

[646][153.3]

[198][30.7]

[444][68.7]

[36][8.1]

[408][91.9]

[0][0.0]

[0][0.0]

Moldova

240667.6

91638.1

149061.9

29019.5

69246.4

50834.1

00.0

Monaco

136359.5

2216.2

10275.0

00.0

102100.0

00.0

128.8

Montenegro

2851459.2

65723.0

219477.0

94042.8

120354.8

512.3

00.0

Netherlands

40620242.1

1029325.3

2953872.7

6822.3

2885697.7

NAP

NAP

7891.9

Norw

ay9911

196.21929

19.57010

70.72531

36.14085

58.3394

5.6972

9.8Poland

94287247.7

1295113.7

8133686.3

2411529.6

4903660.3

818510.1

NA

NA

Portugal5479

52.2NA

NA

NA

NA

1401NA

2446NA

NA

NA

163229.8

Romania

1421171.0

13799.7

1283290.3

1011278.8

7535.9

185514.5

1120.8

RussianFed.283796

197.88892

3.1274904

96.968171

24.8188270

68.518463

6.7NA

NA

SanMarino

823.8

8100.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

Serbia26277

365.98930

34.017232

65.61099

6.415039

87.31094

6.3115

0.4SlovakRep.

7478138.2

127417.0

620483.0

218635.2

315150.8

86714.0

00.0

Slovenia3220

156.4860

26.71103

34.334

3.1333

30.2736

66.71257

39.0Spain(total)

51814110.9

1605231.0

3576269.0

929226.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

Spain(StateAdm.)

45398115.7

1389230.6

3150669.4

815625.9

NA

NA

NA

NA

00.0

Spain(Catalonia)6416

85.82160

33.74256

66.31136

26.72789

65.5331

7.8NA

NA

Sweden

NA

NA

NA

NA

8885NA

700978.9

187621.1

NAP

NAP

139NA

Switzerland

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

theFYROMacedonia

2542123.3

93636.8

160463.1

65040.5

22514.0

72945.4

20.1

Turkey253064

334.6NA

NA

19351776.5

76774.0

NAP

NAP

NA

NA

00.0

Ukraine

52574115.9

910117.3

4347382.7

1532135.2

1214527.9

1600736.8

NA

NA

UK:Engl.&

Wales

NA

NA

NA

NA

79508NA

3820148.0

4130752.0

00.0

0NA

UK:North.Ireland

4280234.3

207648.5

206248.2

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

1423.3

UK:Scotland

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Average

173.0

28.1

68.1

29.8

51.9

14.9

6.1Median

142.9

24.5

73.5

25.9

54.8

4.8

0.7

Minim

um

0.0

3.1

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Maxim

um

459.2

100.0

96.9

78.9

100.0

77.6

42.3



NOTES–TABLE9

ARMENIAü Point (C.3):areincluded10individualpardons,648personsreleasedunderamnestydecision,

21personsreleasedinordertoexecutepublicworks.

AUSTRIAü Point (C.3): In this category are included 1 001 releases for other reasons, for example, the

inmates have been extradited to another country, have reached an individual pardon or a

reprievewasgranted.

ü Point(D):Areincludedthefollowingcategoriesofreleases:ü Personsunderpsychiatrictreatmentorsecuritymeasures,

ü Peoplewhowereinprisoninordertosupportotheradministrativeauthorities,

ü Prisonerswhowereheldunderprovisionalarrestforforeigngovernments,

ü People who were held under provisional arrest at the very beginning of the pre-trial

investigationbutfinallypre-trialdetentionwasrejectedbycourt.

AZERBAIJANü Point(C.3):291sentencedprisonerswerebeengrantedpardon.

BELGIUMü Point(C.1):TheexternalplacementunderElectronicMonitoringisnotconsideredinBelgiumas

areleasebutasacontinueddetentionunderaparticularregime.

ü Point(D):1258releases,ofwhich:o Releasesof“internees”(seepoint(5)ofTable1.1,andnotestothetable),

o Illegalaliensheldforadministrativereasons(seepoint(6)ofTable1.1),

o PersonsplacedatthedisposaloftheCourtsofenforcementofsentences(seeTable5.2),

o JuvenilesheldintheFederalCentreforjuvenileoffenders(seepoint(2)ofTable1.1),

o Personsunderarrest,

o Personsundertemporarysuspendedconditionalreleaseorprobation(withoutrevocation),

o Inmateswithtemporarylegalstatusduetoatransferfromaforeigncountry.

ü Point (D-ADD): Deaths, escapes or other forms of releases when inmates are considered tocontinueservingtheirsentences(e.g.non-returnsfrompenitentiaryleavearenotincludedinthe

total numberof releases.These events arenot considered as “releases”whileBelgian internal

countingrulesareapplied.

BH:REPUBLIKASRPSKAü Point (D): 9 convicted prisoners discharged (removed from the records). All these situations

correspondtothedeathsduetonaturalcauses,3duringhospitalizationsinclinicalcentresand1

inthecorrectionalinstitution.

BULGARIAü Point(C.3):Includesonlyreleasesafterpardonsandreprieves.

CROATIAü Point (D):Underthisheadingareincluded14deaths,67releasesofjuvenileswitheducational

measures,and4765releasesofpersonssentencedforminoroffenses.

CYPRUSü InTable9areincludedonlyreleasesfromprisonwithoutreleasesfrompolicestations.

CZECHREPUBLICü Point (D):Categoriesofreleasesare thesameforpre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisoners:

deaths, releases related to health reasons, transfers to psychiatric hospital not run by Prison

Service,alltypesofextraditiontoforeigncountries.

DENMARKü Point(D):14pardonsand8deaths(ofwhich3suicides).

FINLANDü Point(C.2):1181releasesincludedinthiscategory,ofwhich1150(97%)werefinedefaulters;ü Point (D):Includingdeaths(16),transfersandexpulsionstoothercountries(73),enforcement



interrupted(12),otherreasons(8);

ü NB:AccordingtotheFinnishlegislationfinedefaultersmustservetheirwholesentenceinprisonwithoutapossibilitytobeconditionallyreleased.

FRANCEü Point(C.1):Numberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedconcernsonlytheconditionalreleases

whichallowedtheliftingofthestatusof“écroué”.

GEORGIAü Point (C.3): Includes 23 commutations of sentence to a less severe one, 854 pardons, 433

conditionalreleases,8729amnesties,91compassionatereleases,25deathsand10defermentof

sentence;ü Point(D):Otherformsofreleasesasbail,terminationofproceedings,extradition.

GERMANYü Releases are recorded nation-wide only in the months of March, August and November.

Moreover,nodataare collectedon the releasesofpre-trialdetainees.Therefore,nodatahave

beenmadeavailableforTable9.

ICELANDü Point (A): Is included the total number of releases from prisons, half way houses, alcoholic

treatmentandelectronicmonitoring;

ü Point(C.3):Paymentoffinesthatleadstoreleaseofprisonerswhowereservingprisontermsasalternative to paying fines. 1 person died in prison and the other one was transferred to

homelandcountrytocompletehissentence;

ü Point (D): Include2personswhodied inprisonand1 transferredtohishomelandtoserve issentence.

IRELANDü Point(B):1606bailreleasesand1892releasesbycourtdecision;ü Points(C.1)and(C.3):Therearenofiguresavailable.

ITALYü Point(D):Releasesofthepersonsunder"securitymeasures".

LATVIAü Point (C.3):Under thisheadingare includedthereleasesduetocommutationofsentenceand

duetotheapplicationoftheamnesty;

ü Point(D):Includeddeathsoccurredincustodyofpre-trialandsentencedprisoners,releasesduetohealthreasons(includingtransferstopublichospitals,whichresultintotalsuspensionofthe

custodialsentence)andextraditiontothehomelandcountriesoftheprisoners.

LITHUANIAü Point(C.3):Othertypesofreleasesforsentencedprisoners:

ü Dischargefromsentenceduetoillness(5);

ü Re-sentencingaftertheprocedureofappeal(23);

ü Re-sentencingaftertheprocedureofcassation(8);

ü Individualpardons(6);

ü Suspendedsentencesforjuveniles,art.92ofCriminalCode(6).

ü Point (D): Included 48 deaths and 2 escapes leading to the removal of the status of"inmate/prisoner".

MALTA

Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].MOLDOVA

ü Point (C.3): Includes releases as a result of application of the amnesties, collective/individualpardons, releases replacing the unexecuted punishment with a milder punishment or a fine,

releases due to illness, conditional releases before time and after serving the sentence with

privilegedcalculationofworkingdays.



MONACO

ü Point(D):Ofwhich7inmatesextradited,4inmatestransferredand1amnesty.THENETHERLANDSErrataSPACEI2013:In2012,therewere955releasesreleases,ofwhich584withspecialcondition(insteadof682).

ü Releases included inTable9areonlyreleases frompenal institutions.Releases fromcustodial

clinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcluded.

ü Point (C.1): Leaves under Electronic Monitoring are not considered as “releases” in Dutchsystem.In2013therewere995personsreleasedearly,ofwhich682ofthemleftprisonwithout

specialconditions.

ü Point(D):Unknownwhetherreleasedasapre-trialorasentencedprisoner.NORWAY

ü Point(D):832finesand140escapes.POLAND

ü Points(C.3):IncludesreleasesbasedontheProsecutor’sdecision,releaseswhicharetheresultofafinepaymentandreleasesforatemporaryleave.

PORTUGALü Point (D):acquittal,changeofthewayofenforcingthecustodialsentence,decriminalisationof

certainoffences,definitivedismissingoftheprosecutioninaccordancewithlimitationperiodof

proceedings,death,extraditiontothehomelandcountriesoftheprisoners.

ROMANIAü Point (C.3): Includes conditional suspension of the sentence, conditional suspension of the

sentenceundersupervisionandprobation.

ü Point (D): Are included deaths, pardons, releases as result of break in sentence enforcement,suspendedsentences,sentencesconditionallysuspendedwiththesurveillance,extraditions,etc.

RUSSIANFEDERATIONü Point(B):Releasesfrompre-trialdetentionasaresultofchangeofthesentencetoapreventive

measure.

ü Point(C):Releasesfollowingtheexpiryofpre-trialdetentiondeadlineaswellasreleasesattheendofthecustodialsentence.

SLOVAKREPUBLICü Points (C.3): 26 973 releases of which 802 releases under amnesty decision, 54 releases on

paroleand11deaths.

SLOVENIAü Point (C.1): 231 conditional releases, 341 early releases, and 25 conditional releases with

supervision.

ü Point(C.3):includesconditionalreleaseswithoutspecialconditionsandearlyreleases.SPAIN(TOTAL)

ü FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean

values.

ü Point(A):Includes1500personsextraditedtotheirhomelandcountries,804penalexpulsionofSpain,509personsreleasedunderconditionstobefulfilledintheirhomelandcountriesand187

otherstransferredtotheirhomelandcountrytocompletetheirsentence.

SWEDENGeneralnote:OnlythenumberoffinalsentencedprisonersreleasedispresentedinTable9.Dataonthepre-trialdetaineesreleasedisnotavailable.

ü Point (D): The group is leaved the custody for other reasons, as deaths, executionmoved toothercountriesorotherreasontoleave.Theyhavenotbeen“released”.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALES

General note: All items taken from Table A3.1 ofOffenderManagement StatisticsQuarterly (October-



December 2014, Annual tables) and Table A3.4 ofOffenderManagement StatisticsQuarterly (October-December2014,Annualtables).

ü Point (C): Is the number of releases of determinate sentence prisoners (Table A3.1) plus thenumberofreleasesofindeterminatesentenceprisoners(TableA3.4).

ü Point (C.1): Refers to prisoners released on parole after serving a sentence of 12months ormore.Thisincludesthosereleasedafteranindeterminatesentence.

ü Point (C.2): Refers to prisoners releasedwithout supervision after serving a sentence of lessthan12months.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDGeneral note: number of releases fell dramatically in 2013 due to a Judicial Reviewwhich led to thesuspensionofFineDefaultPrisonerscomingintoPrison.



TABLE10:TURNOVERRATIOOFINMATESIN2013


CountryTotalnumberofinmateson1stSeptember2012

Totalnumberofentriesin2013

(Table8)

Totalnumberofreleasesin2013

(Table9)

Turnoverratio(Estimatedexitrate

per100potentialexits)

Albania 4890 4557 3569 37.8

Andorra 41 108 81 54.4

Armenia 4714 NA 2531 53.7

Austria 8756 11926 11818 57.1

Azerbaijan 21034 8893 7529 25.2

Belgium 12310 18560 18395 59.6

BH:BiH(total) 2782

BH:BiH(st.level) 20

BH:Fed.BiH 1700

BH:Rep.Srpska 1062 1702 1579 57.1

Bulgaria 10663 7152 6742 37.8

Croatia 4741 11025 10911 69.2

Cyprus 930 2697 2094 57.7

CzechRep. 22644 9131 15355 48.3

Denmark 3829 14423 NA NA

Estonia 3417 2153 2345 42.1

Finland 3196 5809 5940 66.0

France 76407 89290 88203 53.2

Georgia 23227 8224 18670 59.4

Germany 69268 95574 NA NA

Greece 12479 13556 9067 34.8

Hungary 17585 32151 31320 63.0

Iceland 152 305 341 74.6

Ireland 4323 15926 16868 83.3

Italy 66271 59390 69316 55.2

Latvia 6195 12268 3768 20.4

Liechtenstein 8 68 61 80.3

Lithuania 10033 8836 NA NA

Luxembourg 659 787 792 54.8

Malta 622 673 646 49.9

Moldova 6621 2736 2406 25.7

Monaco 41 132 136 78.6

Montenegro 1229 2552 2851 75.4

Netherlands 11324 39815 40620 79.4

Norway 3551 10002 9911 73.1

Poland 84156 89063 94287 54.4

Portugal 13614 6149 5479 27.7

Romania 31883 15822 14211 29.8

RussianFed. 717400 NA 283796 39.6

SanMarino 1 9 8 80.0

Serbia 11070 25947 26277 71.0

SlovakRep. 11075 8026 7478 39.1

Slovenia 1377 3268 3220 69.3

Spain(total) 69621 50123 51814 43.3

Spain(StateAdm.) 59410 43430 45398 44.1

Spain(Catalonia) 10211 6693 6416 38.0

Sweden 6431 37506 NA NA

Switzerland 6599 53833 NA NA

theFYROMacedonia 2543 2350 2542 52.0

Turkey 120275 249057 253064 68.5

Ukraine 151122 NA 52574 34.8

UK:Engl.&Wales 86048 107318 NA NA

UK:North.Ireland 1779 4375 4280 69.5

UK:Scotland 8145 NA NA NA

Average 54.5Median 54.8Minimum 20.4Maximum 83.3



NOTES–TABLE10

Table10showstheestimatedturnoverratio(per100inmateslikelytobereleased)foreachcountry.Thisratiocorrespondstotheestimatedexitrateper100potentialexits.

Rawdatausedforthecalculationsarethetotalprisonpopulationson1stSeptember2012(stock)which

was retrieved from the SPACE I 2012 report and thenumbers of entries (flowof entries) and releases

(flowofreleases)during2013weretakenfromTables8and9ofpresentreport.

Thesumofthestockandtheflowofentriesprovidesanestimationofthetotalnumberofinmateslikely

to be released during the year (i.e. the potential exits). This number is then put in relation with theeffectivenumberofreleasesduring2013.

Wearefullyawarethat,fromatheoreticalpointofview,itwouldhavebeennecessarytousetheprison

populationon1stJanuary2013(insteadof1stSeptember2012),butthisfigureisnotavailable.Onecould

note that for five countries (Azerbaijan, Latvia, Moldova, Portugal and Romania) the calculatedturnover ratios are under 30%. Nevertheless, the figures for thi five countries have been validated by

nationaladministrations.

CYPRUSü Thetotalnumberofentriesintopenalinstitutions in2013corresponds to thenumberofentries inprison

institution(2697)withoutincludingtheentriestopolicestations.Thenumberofreleasesisaswellgivenfrom prison institution (2 094). This is due to the fact that data from police stations are not available.Consequently,thestockfigureusedforthecalculationinTable10wasadaptedaccordinglytothenumber

ofinmatesonlyinprisonwithoutpolicestations.

FRANCEü Thetotalstockwasadjustedaccordingtothestatus“écrouésdétenus”tocorrespondtotheinmateswho

aredefactoheldincustody.THENETHERLANDS

ü EntriesandreleasesincludedinTable10areentriesintopenalinstitutions.Entriesandreleasesinto/from

custodialclinics,institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcludedfromthesefigures.

FIGURE4:COUNTRIESWITHLOWESTTURNOVERRATIOSIN2013

Figure4providesaclassificationofthecountrieswiththelowestturnoverratiosper100inmatesduring

theyear2013.ThisFigureincludes22countrieswheretheratioswereabovetheEuropeanmedianvalue(54.8%).InSPACEI2013,thenumberofcountriesbeinginthesamesituationwas21(foramedianvalue

of56.8%).Theverylowvaluesofturnoverratiosmightbecomeanindicatorofapotentialovercrowding.

Nevertheless,formoreaccuratecomparisons,notestoTables8and9shouldbetakenintoaccount.

20.4

25.2

25.7

27.7

29.8

34.8

34.8

37.8

37.8

38.0

39.1

39.6

42.1

43.3

44.1

48.3

49.9

52.0

53.2

53.7

54.4

54.4

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Latvia

Azerbaijan

Moldo

va

Portugal

Romania

UK:Engl.&W

ales

Greece

Albania

Bulgaria

Spain(total)

SlovakRep

.

RussianFed.

Estonia

Spain(Catalon

ia)

Spain(StateAdm

.)

CzechRe

p.

Malta

theFYRO

Maced

onia

France

Armen

ia

Ando

rra

Poland




TABLE11.A:INDICATOROFAVERAGELENGTHOFIMPRISONMENTIN2013,BASEDONTHETOTALNUMBEROFDAYSSPENTINPENALINSTITUTIONS


Country

Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal

institutionsin2013

Averagenumberofinmatesin2013


Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonm

ent

Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2013

Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trialdetentionin2013

Numberofentriesbeforefinal

sentencein2013

Indicatorofaveragelengthofpre-trialimprisonm

ent

Numberofdaysspentininst.forjuvenilesin2013

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)Albania 1824270 4998 4557 13.2 720875 1975 4040 5.9 39045

Andorra 16427 45 108 5.0 9677 27 35 9.1 90

Armenia NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Austria 3264651 8944 11926 9.0 619007 1696 8599 2.4 45957

Azerbaijan NA NA 8893 NA NA NA 8037 NA NA

Belgium 4287086 11745 18560 7.6 1338105 3666 11651 3.8 39412

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 382520 1048 1702 7.4 41245 113 425 3.2 4380

Bulgaria NA NA 7152 NA NA NA 2238 NA NA

Croatia NA NA 11025 4.7 NA NA NA NA NA

Cyprus 270378 741 2697 3.3 NA NA 1339 NA NA

CzechRep. 5981653 16388 9131 21.5 822684 2254 5254 5.1 39967

Denmark 1462847 4008 14423 3.3 553158 1516 NA NA NAP

Estonia 1239237 3395 2153 19 268009 734 1596 6 NA

Finland 1103760 3024 5809 6.2 210970 578 1990 3.5 NAP

France 24790479 67919 89290 9.1 6154200 16861 46998 4.3 77637

Georgia NA NA 8224 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Germany 24379445 66793 95574 8.4 NA NA 11260 NA NA

Greece NA NA 13556 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Hungary 10941985 29978 32151 11.2 0 0 12547 0 0

Iceland 56269 154 305 6.1 6125 17 133 1.5 NAP

Ireland 1532597 4199 15926 3.2 204582 560 3340 2.0 18927

Italy 23362468 64007 59390 12.9 8785491 24070 50519 5.7 NA

Latvia NA NA 12268 NA NA NA 7990 NA NA

Liechtenstein 3089 8 68 1.5 623 2 37 0.6 NAP

Lithuania 3494605 9574 8836 13.0 655175 1795 5879 3.7 66430

Luxembourg 254524 697 787 10.6 108291 297 638 6 1296

Malta 221'272 606 673 11 NA NA 380 NA NA

Moldova NA NA 2736 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Monaco 8695 24 132 2.2 4453 12 107 1.4 NAP

Montenegro 522213 1431 2552 6.7 134069 367 655 6.7 NA

Netherlands 3942000 10800 39815 3.3 1842520 5048 16055 3.8 Note1.1.

Norway 1336588 3662 10002 4.4 345822 947 3963 2.9 NAP

Poland NA NA 89063 NA NA NA 16157 NA NA

Portugal 5162560 14144 6149 27.6 954840 2616 2'524 12.4 NAP

Romania 14320079 39233 15822 29.8 387119 1061 1578 8.1 850084

RussianFed. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

SanMarino 775 2 9 2.8 34 0 4 0.3 0

Serbia 3661315 10031 25947 4.6 820885 2249 NA NA 76091

SlovakRep. NA NA 8026 NA NA NA 2903 NA NA

Slovenia 522059 1430 3268 5.3 90666 248 847 3.5 6460

Spain(total) 24976524 68429 50123 16.4 3664812 10041 32186 3.7 NA

Spain(StateAdm.) 21325855 58427 43430 16.1 3059430 8382 28707 3.5 NA

Spain(Catalonia) 3650669 10002 6693 17.9 605382 1659 3479 5.7 NAP

Sweden 2048404 5612 37506 1.8 581009 1592 28531 0.7 NAP

Switzerland 2447121 6704 53833 1 749052 2052 16840 1.5 NA

theFYROMacedonia 1019946 2794 2350 14.3 96522 264 384 8.3 17464

Turkey NA NA 249057 NA NA NA 58640 NA NA

Ukraine NAP NA NA NA NAP NA NA NA NAP

UK:Engl.&Wales NA NA 107318 NA NAP NA 82567 NA NAP

UK:North.Ireland 676624 1854 4375 5 NA NA NA NA 10028

UK:Scotland 2862128 7841 NA NA 538656 1476 NA NA 213163

Average 9.3 4.2 Median 7.4 3.7 Minimum 1.5 0.0 Maximum 29.8 12.4



NOTES–TABLE11.1

ThecalculationsmadeinTable11.1arebasedonthefollowinginputs:

Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenal

institutionsin2013

Averagenumberofinmatesin2013


Indicatorofaveragelengthof

imprisonment

Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin

2013

Averagenumberofdetaineesinpre-trial

detentionin2013

Numberofentries

beforefinalsentencein

2013

Indicatorofaverage

lengthofpre-trial

imprisonment(Table8) (inmonths) (Table9) (inmonths)

(a)(b)=a/365

(c) (d)=12(b/c) (e) (f)=e/365 (g) (h)=12(f/g)

Column(i)inTable11.1ispresentedonlyforinformationandwasnotusedforanycalculation.

BELGIUMü Point (a):Thetotalnumberofdaysspentinpenal institutionsdoesnotincludetheplacement

underElectronicMonitoring(EM).ThenumberofdaysspentunderEMin2013was488391.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Point (a): The total number of days spent in penal institutions defined in amanner that the

averagedailynumberofconvicted(923),detained(113)andjuveniles(12)whowasinthepenal

institutionsoftheRepublicofSrpskaduring2013multipliedbythenumberofdaysoftheyear.

CYPRUSü Point(a):Totalnumberofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2013(incl.pre-trialdetention):

o 270378daysinPrisonand31221inpolicestations.

ü Indicator of average lengthof imprisonment was calculated only for prison institutionwithoutpolicestations.

DENMARKü Point(a):IncludespersonsimprisonedaccordingtoprovisionsintheDanishAliensAct.

FINLANDü Point(a):Arenotincluded55115daysspentinsupervisedprobationaryfreedom.

FRANCEü Point (a):Thenumberofdayscorrespondstothedaysspentincustodywithoutthosedaysof

supervisionoutsidepenalinstitutions.Thetotalnumberofdaysundercommunitysupervisionis

4283079daysfortheyear2013.

THENETHERLANDSü Figures included in Table 11.1 are only of penal institutions. Figures for custodial clinics,

institutionsforjuvenilesandinstitutionsforalienswereexcluded.

ü Point(a):2070645daysareforsentencedprisonersandof28835daysitisunknownwhethertheyarespentbypre-trialorsentencedprisoners.

PORTUGALü Point (a): Calculations are based on the average total number of inmates (14 144) for 2013,

multipliedby365days.

ü Point (e): Forpre-trialdetention the sameproceedingwasappliedbasedon theaverageof2616detainees.

ROMANIAü Point (i): The number of days corresponds to the calculation made in the penitentiaries for

minorsandyouthaswellasinre-educationcentres.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü FigurespresentedastotalswerenotusedforthecalculationsofaverageandmedianEuropean

values.



UK:SCOTLANDü SPACE returns up to 2011 were completed using the Scottish Government statistical system

which isbasedondata fromtheScottishPrisonServicePR2management informationsystem.

Duetoon-goingtechnicalproblemswiththisstatisticalsystem,thefiguresforthe2014SPACE

return have been extracted directly from the PR2 system andwill differ slightly from figures

extracted fromtheScottishGovernmentstatisticalsystem,primarily in termsof theamountof

detailavailableandnoaccessiblerecordeddataonflows(receptionsandliberations).

COMMENTSONTABLE11.B:

Assomecountriesdidnotprovidedataon the totalnumberofdaysspent inpenal institutions in2013

−heading (a) of Table 11.1− and other countries provided figures that didnot seem reliable (seenotesbelow), inTable11.2wehavecalculatedanalternative indicatorof theaverage lengthof imprisonment

(inmonths)basedonthetotalnumberofprisonerson1stSeptember2013,whichisusedasanestimateoftheaveragenumberofinmatesduringthatyear(source:SPACEI2013).

CYPRUSü Calculationsarebasedonthefiguresforprisoninstitution.Thisisduetothefactthatdatafrom

policestationsarenotavailable.Consequently,thestockfigureusedforthecalculationinTable

11.2wasadaptedaccordinglytothenumberofinmatesonlyinprisonwithoutpolicestations.

FRANCEü Stock figure corresponds to the real number of thosepersons hosted insidepenal institutions

withoutthosepersonssupervisedinthecommunity.



TABLE11.B:INDICATOROFAVERAGELENGTHOFIMPRISONMENTIN2013,BASEDONTHETOTALSTOCKOFINMATESINPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2013


CountryTotalnumberofinmateson

1stSeptember2013(SPACEI2013)

Totalnumberofentriestopenalinstitutionsin2013

(Table8)

Indicatorofaveragelengthofimprisonment(inmonths)

Albania 4998 4557 13.2

Andorra 47 108 5.2

Armenia 4698 NA NA

Austria 8831 11926 8.9

Azerbaijan 20327 8893 27.4

Belgium 12697 18560 8.2

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 1003 1702 7.1

Bulgaria 8834 7152 14.8

Croatia 4352 11025 4.7

Cyprus 811 2697 3.6

CzechRep. 16266 9131 21.4

Denmark 4091 14423 3.4

Estonia 3256 2153 18.1

Finland 3126 5809 6.5

France 78363 89290 10.5

Georgia 8868 8224 12.9

Germany 67681 95574 8.5

Greece 13238 13556 11.7

Hungary 18313 32151 6.8

Iceland 152 305 6.0

Ireland 4065 15926 3.1

Italy 64835 59390 13.1

Latvia 5205 12268 5.1

Liechtenstein 9 68 1.6

Lithuania 9621 8836 13.1

Luxembourg 717 787 10.9

Malta 577 673 10.3

Moldova 6666 2736 29.2

Monaco 29 132 2.6

Montenegro 1142 2552 5.4

Netherlands 10547 39815 3.2

Norway 3649 10002 4.4

Poland 78994 89063 10.6

Portugal 14284 6149 27.9

Romania 33122 15822 25.1

RussianFed. 681622 NA NA

SanMarino 2 9 2.7

Serbia 10031 25947 4.6

SlovakRep. 10152 8026 15.2

Slovenia 1360 3268 5.0

Spain(total) 68099 50123 16.3

Spain(StateAdm.) 58089 43430 16.1

Spain(Catalonia) 10010 6693 17.9

Sweden 5868 37506 1.9

Switzerland 7072 53833 1.6

theFYROMacedonia 2846 2350 14.5

Turkey 136147 249057 6.6

Ukraine 151122 NA NA

UK:Engl.&Wales 83842 107318 9.4

UK:North.Ireland 1822 4375 5.0

UK:Scotland 7928 NA NA

Average 10.1Median 8.4Minimum 1.6Maximum 29.2



TABLE12:ESCAPESFROMPENALINSTITUTIONSDURING2013


CountryNumberof

escapesin2013(a)

Totalnumberofinmateson1st

September2013,SPACEI2013

Rateofescapesper10000prisoners

Otherformsofescapein2013

(b)

Rateofotherformsofescapes

per10000inmates

Albania 1 4998 2.0 9 18.0

Andorra 0 47 0.0 0 0.0

Armenia 0 4698 0.0 1 2.1

Austria 6 8831 6.8 23 26.0

Azerbaijan 0 20327 0.0 4 2.0

Belgium 12 12697 9.5 752 592.3

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 0 1003 0.0 5 49.9

Bulgaria 5 8834 5.7 NA NA

Croatia 0 4352 0.0 24 55.1

Cyprus 0 811 0.0 0 0.0

CzechRep. 0 16266 0.0 16 9.8

Denmark 12 4091 29.3 79 193.1

Estonia 0 3256 0.0 3 9.2

Finland 14 3126 44.8 325 1039.7

France 69 78363 8.8 737 94.0

Georgia 0 8868 0.0 0 0.0

Germany 9 67681 1.3 358 52.9

Greece 11 13238 8.3 99 74.8

Hungary 0 18313 0.0 0 0.0

Iceland 0 152 0.0 5 328.9

Ireland 6 4065 14.8 27 66.4

Italy 10 64835 1.5 192 29.6

Latvia 3 5205 5.8 9 17.3

Liechtenstein 0 9 0.0 0 0.0

Lithuania 0 9621 0.0 2 2.1

Luxembourg 1 717 13.9 15 209.2

Malta 0 577 0.0 0 0.0

Moldova 5 6666 7.5 0 0.0

Monaco 0 29 0.0 0 0.0

Montenegro 4 1142 35.0 1 8.8

Netherlands 1 10547 0.9 397 376.4

Norway 12 3649 32.9 121 331.6

Poland 13 78994 1.6 222 28.1

Portugal 9 14284 6.3 69 48.3

Romania 1 33122 0.3 10 3.0

RussianFed. 11 681622 0.2 125 1.8

SanMarino 0 2 0.0 0 0.0

Serbia 1 10031 1.0 61 60.8

SlovakRep. 0 10152 0.0 1 1.0

Slovenia 4 1360 29.4 28 205.9

Spain(total) 8 68099 1.2 960 141.0

Spain(StateAdm.) 8 58089 1.4 774 133.2

Spain(Catalonia) 0 10010 0.0 186 185.8

Sweden 3 5868 5.1 135 230.1

Switzerland 26 7072 36.8 396 560.0

theFYROMacedonia 10 2846 35.1 119 418.1

Turkey 407 136147 29.9 2706 198.8

Ukraine 24 151122 1.6 98 6.5

UK:Engl.&Wales 13 83842 1.6 415 49.5

UK:North.Ireland 0 1822 0.0 NA NA

UK:Scotland 10 7928 12.6 11 13.9

Average 7.8 120.2Median 1.5 32.1Minimum 0.0 0.0Maximum 44.8 1039.7



NOTES–TABLE12

ü Escapes by inmates (convicted prisoners or pre-trial detainees under the supervision of the

prisonadministration) fromaclosedpenal institutionorduringanadministrative transfer (for

example,to/fromacourt,anotherpenalinstitution,orahospital)during2013.

ü Otherformsofescape(abscondingorrunningoff):Examplesareescapesfromopeninstitutions

(such as work farms) or from semi-detention, and escapes during an authorised short-term

absence(orleave)fromallkindsofinstitutionsduring2013.

The SPACE I questionnaire specifies that the countingunit for Table 12 should be the escaped person.Therefore,whennoexplicitnoteswereprovidedby thenational correspondents,weassumed that this

counting unit has been respected (i.e. Table 12 refers to persons and not to cases of escape involvingseveralprisoners).

ALBANIAü Point(b):Theseinmatesescapedduringauthorizedleaves.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Point(b):All5escapesreferstoescapesduringweekendleaves.

DENMARKü Point (a): 12 escapes, of which 7 escaped directly from prison and 5 during transfer to/from court or

hospital.

ü Point(b):79escapes,ofwhich68abscondingfromopenprisons.Thisfiguredoesnotincludefailtoappearfromleave.

ESTONIAü Thecountingunitofpoint(b)istheevent.All3eventsimplied6persons.

FRANCEü Thecountingunitistheevent(escape),whichmightimplymanypersons.ü In2013,18escapesoccurredfromthepenalinstitutionsimplying23inmatesintheseevents.791persons

escapedwhiletheywereoutsidethepenalinstitutions(includingsentencingadjustments).

ü Escape under custodial guards: escapes from custody, during medical removals or transfers, outdoorplacement,sports’outingsandallexitssupervisedbytheprisonstaff.

ü Escape custodial guards off: escapes occurred under police guard and those including sentencingadjustments.

THENETHERLANDSü Figuresrefertothepopulationintheclosedprisons.Othercategoriesofinstitutions(forjuvenileoffenders,

forillegalaliensandcustodialclinics)arenotincludedinthisTable.

PORTUGALü Point(a):2(of9)escpaeswereonopenprisonregimeü Point (b): 69 prisoners failed to return from penitentiary leave without surveillance. In 2013, 10 164

authorisedleaveswithoutsurveillancehavebeengranted.

SLOVAKREPUBLICü Point(b):Distancingfromthefreemovementworkspaceü Therewere2escapesattempts.Oneattemptevolved5detaineesandtheotherone2.

UK:ENGLANDANDWALESü Figuresprovidedarefor2013/14financialyear(1April2013to31March2014).

ü Point(b):Thenumberofotherformsofescapescorrespondstothenumberofabscondsandnon-returnsfromReleaseonTemporaryLicense.

UK:SCOTLANDü Figuresareforfinancialratherthancalendaryears(i.e.from1April2013to31March2014).




TABLE13:D

EATH

SINPEN

ALIN

STITUTIO

NSIN

2013(BYTYPEOFREG

ISTEREDDEA

TH)Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.13.1

Country

Totalnum

berofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2013

Ofw

hichTypeofdeath

Totalnum

berofinm

ateson1

stSeptem

ber2013

Mortalityrateper10,000inm

atesPre-trialdetainees

%pre-trial

detaineesFem

ales%

females

Homicides

%

homicides

Accidents%

accidents

Drug/alcohol

intoxications

%

intoxicationsSuicides

%

suicides

Othercauses(incl.illness)

%

other

Albania13

17.7

17.7

00.0

00.0

00.0

430.8

969.2

499826.0

Andorra0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

470.0

Armenia

194

21.10

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

10.517

89.54698

40.4Austria

384

10.50

0.00

0.00

0.01

2.66

15.831

81.68831

43.0Azerbaijan

10211

10.82

2.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

2.0100

98.020327

50.2Belgium

65

1624.6

46.2

NANA

NANA

NANA

1421.5

NANA

1269751.2

BH:BiH

(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska

40

0.01

25.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.0Bulgaria

322

6.30

0.00

0.00

0.02

6.34

12.50

0.02

100.0Croatia

162

12.51

6.30

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.0Cyprus

31

33.30

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.03

100.00

0.0811

37.0CzechRep.

265

19.23

11.50

0.00

0.00

0.07

26.91

33.33

60.0Denm

ark8

337.5

112.5

00.0

00.0

450.0

337.5

1100.0

266.7

Estonia5

240.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

240.0

00.0

2100.0

Finland5

120.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

240.0

00.0

1100.0

France155

3925.2

63.9

10.6

00.0

NANA

9762.6

6100.0

3384.6

Georgia25

624.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

624.0

00.0

350.0

Germany

122NA

NA4

3.3NA

NA0

0.0NA

NA50

41.01

25.0NA

NAGreece

8228

34.16

7.38

9.80

0.02

2.44

4.9NA

NANA

NAHungary

5211

21.23

5.81

1.90

0.00

0.07

13.5NA

NA2

18.2Iceland

20

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

50.00

0.00

0.0Ireland

90

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

22.20

0.00

0.0Italy

15362

40.53

2.00

0.0NA

NANA

NA42

27.50

0.026

41.9Latvia

158

53.30

0.00

0.02

13.30

0.03

20.010

66.75205

28.8Liechtenstein

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.09

0.0Lithuania

487

14.61

2.11

2.11

2.10

0.012

25.034

70.89621

49.9Luxem

bourg1

1100.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

1100.0

00.0

71713.9

Malta

[5][1]

[20.0][0]

[0.0][0]

[0.0][0]

[0.0][0]

[0.0][1]

[20.0][4]

[80.0][577]

[86.7]Moldova

27NA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NA6666

40.5Monaco

00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.029

0.0Montenegro

20

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.02

100.01142

17.5Netherlands

145

35.71

7.11

7.10

0.01

7.14

28.68

57.110547

13.3Norw

ay12

1191.7

18.3

00.0

00.0

00.0

1191.7

18.3

364932.9

Poland109

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

1917.4

9082.6

7899413.8

Portugal62

NANA

23.2

00.0

00.0

00.0

1321.0

4979.0

1428443.4



PC-CP(2015)7

Country

Totalnum

berofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2013

Ofw

hichTypeofdeath

Totalnum

berofinm

ateson1

stSeptem

ber2013

Mortalityrateper10,000inm

atesPre-trialdetainees

%pre-trial

detaineesFem

ales%

females

Homicides

%

homicides

Accidents%

accidents

Drug/alcohol

intoxications

%

intoxicationsSuicides

%

suicides

Othercauses(incl.illness)

%

other

Rom

ania102

54.9

22.0

22.0

22.0

11.0

1918.6

7876.5

3312230.8

RussianFed.

4200396

9.4195

4.619

0.5156

3.747

1.1461

11.03'517

83.7681622

61.6SanM

arino0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

20.0

Serbia69

00.0

00.0

00.0

11.4

00.0

68.7

6289.9

1003168.8

SlovakRep.

123

25.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.04

33.38

66.710152

11.8Slovenia

40

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.04

100.01360

29.4Spain(total)

22431

13.812

5.41

0.47

3.129

12.939

17.4148

66.168099

32.9Spain(StateAdm

.)162

2414.8

84.9

10.6

74.3

2616.0

2917.9

9961.1

5808927.9

Spain(Catalonia)62

711.3

46.5

00.0

00.0

34.8

1016.1

4979.0

1001061.9

Sweden

137

53.81

7.70

0.00

0.00

0.06

46.27

53.85868

22.2Sw

itzerlandNA

NANA

NANA

8NA

NANA

NANA

2NA

NANA

7072NA

theFYROMacedonia

13NA

NANA

NA0

0.01

7.70

0.01

7.711

84.62846

45.7Turkey

31445

14.33

1.03

1.0NA

NANA

NA44

14.0NA

NA136147

23.1Ukraine

792126

15.9NA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NA62

7.80

0.0151122

52.4UK:Engl.&

Wales

215NA

NA6

2.84

1.9NA

NANA

NA75

34.9136

63.383842

25.6UK:North.Ireland

31

33.30

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.01

33.31822

16.5UK:Scotland

245

20.80

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.05

20.87

29.27928

30.3Average

20.8

3.1

0.6

0.8

2.2

21.3

57.8

31.5Median

15.4

0.5

0.0

0.0

0.0

17.9

67.9

28.0Minim

um

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0Maxim

um

100.0

25.0

9.8

13.3

50.0

100.0

100.0

131.6



TABLE13.1:SUICIDESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2013


Country

Totalnumberofdeathsinpenal

institutionsin2013

Suicides %suicides

Ofwhich:Number

offemales

%offemalesuicidesinthetotal

numberof

suicides

Ofwhich:Numberofpre-trial

detainees

%ofpre-trialdetaineesuicidesinthetotal

numberof

suicides

Totalnumberofinmateson1st

September2013

Suiciderateper10000

inmates

Albania 13 4 30.8 1 25.0 1 25.0 4998 8.0Andorra 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 47 0.0Armenia 19 2 10.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 4698 4.3Austria 38 6 15.8 0 0.0 3 50.0 8831 6.8Azerbaijan 102 2 2.0 1 50.0 2 100.0 20327 1.0Belgium 65 14 21.5 1 7.1 10 71.4 12697 11.0BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1003 0.0Bulgaria 32 4 12.5 0 0.0 2 50.0 8834 4.5Croatia 16 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4352 0.0Cyprus 3 3 100.0 NA NA NA NA 811 37.0CzechRep. 26 7 26.9 1 14.3 3 42.9 16266 4.3Denmark 8 3 37.5 1 33.3 2 66.7 4091 7.3Estonia 5 2 40.0 0 0.0 2 100.0 3256 6.1Finland 5 2 40.0 0 0.0 1 50.0 3126 6.4France 155 97 62.6 6 6.2 33 34.0 78363 12.4Georgia 25 6 24.0 0 0.0 3 50.0 8868 6.8Germany 122 50 41.0 1 2.0 NA NA 67681 7.4Greece 82 4 4.9 NA NA NA NA 13238 3.0Hungary 52 7 13.5 NA NA 2 28.6 18313 3.8Iceland 2 1 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 152 65.8Ireland 9 2 22.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 4065 4.9Italy 153 42 27.5 0 0.0 26 61.9 64835 6.5Latvia 15 3 20.0 0 0.0 2 66.7 5205 5.8Liechtenstein 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 9 0.0Lithuania 48 12 25.0 1 8.3 3 25.0 9621 12.5Luxembourg 1 1 100.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 717 13.9Malta [5] [1] [20.0] [0] [0.0] [0] [0.0] [577] [17.3]Moldova 27 NA NA NA NA NA NA 6666 NAMonaco 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 29 0.0Montenegro 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1142 0.0Netherlands 14 4 28.6 0 0.0 2 50.0 10547 3.8Norway 12 11 91.7 1 9.1 11 100.0 3649 30.1Poland 109 19 17.4 NA NA NA NA 78994 2.4Portugal 62 13 21.0 2 15.4 NA NA 14284 9.1Romania 102 19 18.6 0 0.0 3 15.8 33122 5.7RussianFed. 4200 461 11.0 9 2.0 NA NA 681622 6.8SanMarino 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 0.0Serbia 69 6 8.7 NA NA NA NA 10031 6.0SlovakRep. 12 4 33.3 0 0.0 2 50.0 10152 3.9Slovenia 4 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1360 0.0Spain(total) 224 39 17.4 3 7.7 16 41.0 68099 5.7Spain(StateAdm.) 162 29 17.9 1 3.4 11 37.9 58089 5.0Spain(Catalonia) 62 10 16.1 2 20.0 5 50.0 10010 10.0Sweden 13 6 46.2 0 0.0 4 66.7 5868 10.2Switzerland NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA 7072 2.8theFYROMacedonia 13 1 7.7 NA NA NA NA 2846 3.5Turkey 314 44 14.0 0 0.0 17 38.6 136147 3.2Ukraine 792 62 7.8 0 0.0 NA NA 151122 4.1UK:Engl.&Wales 215 75 34.9 2 2.7 NA NA 83842 8.9UK:North.Ireland 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1822 0.0UK:Scotland 24 5 20.8 0 0.0 1 20.0 7928 6.3Average 23.8 4.5 33.8 7.6Median 19.3 0.0 31.3 5.4Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 100.0 50.0 100.0 65.8



TABLE13.2:TYPESOFDEATHSANDSUICIDESINPENALINSTITUTIONSIN2013


Country

Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedor

committedsuicideincommunityhospitals?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Numberoffemales

Doesthedataincludepersonswhodiedoutsideprison(e.g.duringaprisonleaveorperiodofabsencebypermission)?

Ifyes,howmany?

Ofwhich:Numberoffemales

Albania Yes 8 0 No *** ***Andorra Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Armenia Yes 5 0 Yes 1 0Austria Yes 6 0 Yes 0 0Azerbaijan No *** *** Yes 15 NABelgium Yes 9 1 Yes 6 1BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska No *** *** Yes 4 1Bulgaria Yes 6 0 Yes 7 0Croatia No *** *** Yes 0 0Cyprus NA *** *** NA *** ***CzechRep. Yes 8 1 Yes 0 0Denmark No *** *** No *** ***Estonia Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Finland No *** *** No *** ***France Yes 11 0 No *** ***Georgia Yes 6 0 No 0 0Germany Yes NA NA No *** ***Greece Yes NA NA Yes NA NAHungary Yes 25 3 No *** ***Iceland Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Ireland No 0 0 No 0 0Italy Yes NA NA No *** ***Latvia Yes 5 0 No *** ***Liechtenstein Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Lithuania Yes 7 0 Yes 0 0Luxembourg Yes 0 0 No *** ***Malta [Yes] [3] [Yes] Moldova NA *** *** NA *** NAMonaco Yes 0 0 No 0 0Montenegro NA *** *** NA *** ***Netherlands Yes 4 0 Yes 2 0Norway No *** *** No *** ***Poland Yes NA NA Yes NA NAPortugal Yes NA NA No *** ***Romania Yes 86 2 No *** ***RussianFed. No *** *** No *** ***SanMarino Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Serbia Yes NA NA Yes 7 NASlovakRep. Yes 4 0 No *** ***Slovenia Yes 0 0 Yes 0 0Spain(total) Spain(StateAdm.) Yes 64 1 No *** ***

Spain(Catalonia) No *** *** Yes 10 0Sweden Yes NA NA Yes NA NASwitzerland Yes NA NA Yes NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes 0 0 Yes 2 0

Turkey No *** *** No *** ***Ukraine Yes 379 NA No *** ***UK:Engl.&Wales Yes NA NA No *** ***UK:North.Ireland Yes 2 0 No *** ***

UK:Scotland Yes NA NA Yes NA NA



NOTES–TABLES13,13.1AND13.2

AUSTRIAü Since 2011 there is a special unit in the Austrian Prison Directorate, investigating and

documentingeverysuicideinAustrianprisons.

BELGIUMü Table 13.3: Deaths which occurred during the time served under Electronic Monitoring are

included in the total number of deaths. On the opposite, the deaths that occurred during theauthorisedleavesorpermissionsarenotrecorded.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Inthecourseof2013,all4caseswereduetodeathsduetonaturalcausesandafteranillnessin

civilhospitals,ofwhich3malesand1female.

FRANCEü Tables13.1,13.2and13.3:Areincludeddeathswhichoccurredwhileincustody.ü Table13.1:Dataaboutdeathsbydrug/alcoholintoxicationisnotyetavailable.ü Thesuicidesthatwerecommittedoutsidepenalinstitutionsareasfollowing:

o 11 suicides while the act committed inside penal institution but the death occurredoutsideinacommunityhospital;

o 86suicideswhiletheactcommittedandthedeathoccurredinsideprisono 14 suicides of the persons with the status of “écroués” but who were in external

placement(notheldinprisons)ofwhich5underElectronicMonitoring,7incommunityhospitalsand2duringauthorizedleaves.

IRELANDü Table 13.1 (Other): causeofdeathyet tobedeterminedby inquest into2deaths.2prisoners

diedinhospitalofterminalillness.ü Table13.3:In2013,therewere5recordeddeathsofprisonerswhowereontemporaryrelease.

ITALYü Except for cases of suicides and homicides, the information on the reasons of deaths is not

available.

MALTA

Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].

THENETHERLANDSü Othercausesalsoincludesunknown.

SERBIAü Thedataincludespre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisonerswhodiedorcommittedsuicidein

communityhospitals,thereisnoparticularinformationavailable.

UK:NORTHERNIRELANDü Causesnotestablishedin2deaths.

UK:SCOTLANDü Deathsduetoaccidentsorintoxicationarenotidentifiedseparately.ü Figuresinclude7caseswherethecausehasnotyetbeendeterminedordeathisduetoanevent

ofunderterminedintent.



In 2014, the average (mean) rate of suicides in Europe was 7.6, which is lower than the same value

observedin2013(11.2),and2012(7.7).Themedianvaluein2014was5.4,perfectlyequaltothevalueobservedin2013,andlowerthattheoneobservedin2012(6.5per10000inmates).

Thehighestsuiciderates(ofmorethan15suicidesper10000inmates) in2014wereobservedin fourcountries:Malta,Norway,CyprusandIceland.In2013therewereSlovenia,Luxembourg,andAndorrawithveryhighvalues.Thehighestrates(ofmorethan5)arepresentedintheFigurebelow.

5.7

5.7

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.8

6.8

6.8

7.3

7.4

8.0

8.9

9.1

10.0

10.2

11.0

12.4

12.5

13.9

17.3

30.1 37.0

65.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Suiciderateper10000inmates

EuropeanAverage=7.6

EuropeanMean=5.4




TABLE14:EXPEN

SESINPEN

ALIN

STITUTIO

NSIN

2013(IN€)

Row-data:a)

Averageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2013;

b) -//-inpre-trialdetentionin2013(€/day);

c) -//-inthecorrectionalfacilityin2013(€/day);

d) -//-inthespecialfacility/sectionforpersonswithpsychiatricdisordersin2013(€/day);

e) -//-inaninstitutionforjuvenileoffendersin2013(€/day);

f) Totalnum

berofdaysspentinpenalinstitutionsin2013(incl.pre-trialdetention);g)

Numberofdaysspentinpre-trialdetentionin2013;

h) Num

berofdaysspentininstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersin2013;Calculated:

i) Generalaverageam

ountperinmate=m

ean(b,c,d,e);j)

Averageamountperinm

ate(pre-trial&sentenced)=mean(b,c);

k) Totalam

ountlikelytohavebeenspentforallpre-trialdetaineesin2013=b*g;l)

Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforalljuvenileinm

atesin2013=e*h;m)

Totalamountlikelytohavebeenspentforallcategoriesofinm

atesin2013=(mean[b,c,d,e])*f.

n)

TotalbudgetspentbyPrisonAdministrationin2013(rawdataprovidedbythePrisonAdm

inistrations)Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.14

Country(a)

Ofw

hich:(f)

Ofw

hich:(i)

(j)(k)

(l)(m)

(n)(b)

(c)(d)

(e)(g)

(h)Albania

14.21€14.60€

12.30€46.26€

17.54€1824270

72087539045

22.68€13.50€

10546401€684849€

41379004€26081608€

Andorra213.83€

213.80€213.80€

0.00€213.80€

164279677

90160.37€

213.80€2069233€

19245€2634439€

3356004€Arm

enia9.30€

9.00€9.30€

NAP9.30€

NANA

NA9.20€

9.20€NA

NANA

13523884€Austria

106.52€NA

NA180.00€

NA3264651

61900745957

180.00€NA

NANA

587637180€405151247€

Azerbaijan11.27€

10.50€9.65€

NA54.26€

NANA

NA24.82€

10.10€NA

NANA

85005161€Belgium

BH

:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH

:Rep.Srpska29.00€

29.00€29.00€

0.00€29.00€

38252041245

438021.75€

29.00€1196105€

127020€8319810€

13271092€Bulgaria

59200000€

Croatia7.40€

6.30€9.53€

15.58€NA

NANA

NA10.46€

7.90€NA

NANA

68454858€Cyprus

60.00€60.0€

60.00€NAP

60.00€270378

NANA

60.00€60.00€

NANA

16222680€16222408€

CzechRep.48.10€

NANA

NANA

5981653822684

39967NA

NANA

NANA

288422972€Denm

ark182.00€

180.00€196.00€

NANA

1462847553158

NAP188.00€

188.00€99568440€

NAP275015236€

399500000€Estonia

33.40€NA

NAPNAP

NA1239237

268009NA

NANA

NANAP

NA44950764€

Finland170.00€

NANA

280.00€NAP

1103760210970

NAP280.00€

NANA

NAP309052800€

196520000€France

100.47€89.00€

115.32€NA

500.77€24790479

615420077637

235.03€102.20€

547662258€38878280€

5826423644€2490782492€

Georgia18.40€

18.40€18.40€

NA18.40€

NANA

NA18.40€

18.40€NA

NANA

59531738€Germ

any112.35€

NANA

NANA

24379445NA

NANA

NANA

NANA

2739082218€



PC-CP(2015)7

Country(a)

Ofw

hich:(f)

Ofw

hich:(i)

(j)(k)

(l)(m)

(n)(b)

(c)(d)

(e)(g)

(h)Greece

24.37€NA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NA112925385€

Hungary

28.13€NA

NA37.30€

35.10€10941985

00

36.20€NA

NA0€

396099857€186538769€

Iceland149.00€

149.00€149.00€

NAPNAP

562696125

NAP149.00€

149.00€912625€

NAP8384081€

8522631€Ireland

180.00€180.00€

180.00€180.00€

1'498.11€1532597

20458218'927

509.53€180.00€

36824760€28354728€

780900318€331265000€

Italy129.86€

NANA

NANA

233624688785491

NANA

NANA

NANA

3083931529€Latvia

18.71€NA

NANA

78.15€NA

NANA

78.15€NA

NANA

NA37576597€

Liechtenstein230.00€

315.00€315.00€

504.00€NAP

3089623

NAP378.00€

315.00€196245€

NA1167642€

1773000€Lithuania

13.81€15.50€

13.41€NAP

39.77€3494605

65517566430

22.88€14.40€

10122454€2641921€

79944914€537407320€

Luxembourg

196.51€196.50€

196.51€NAP

NAP254524

1082911296

196.51€196.50€

21280264€NA

50016511€50017440€

Malta

[50.00€][NA]

[NA][NA]

[NA][221272]

[NA][NA]

[NA][NA]

[NA][NA]

[NA][12000000€]

Moldova

7.80€4.10€

NANAP

36.52€NA

NANA

20.31€4.10€

NANA

NA18365000€

Monaco

NANA

NA786.40€

NA8695

4453NAP

786.40€NA

NANAP

6837748€NA

Montenegro

16.00€16.00€

16.00€NA

NA522213

134069NA

16.00€16.00€

2145104€NA

8355408€7626929€

Netherlands

275.00€262.00€

262.00€494.00€

547.00€3942000

1842520Note

391.25€262.00€

482740240€NA

1542307500€1023089070€

Norw

ay358.00€

NANA

NANA

1336588345822

NAPNA

NANA

NAPNA

479250000€Poland

20.41€20.40€

20.41€NAP

NAPNA

NANA

20.41€20.40€

NANA

NANA

Portugal41.45€

NANA

NANA

5162560954840

NAPNA

NANA

NANA

210831628€Rom

ania15.83€

NA16.01€

NA12.88€

14320079387119

850'08414.45€

16.00€NA

10949082€206853541€

215720285€RussianFed.

25.87€NA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NANA

NA6436427009€

SanMarino

685.00€685.00€

685.00€0.00€

685.00€775

340

513.75€685.00€

23290€0€

398156€250000€

Serbia18.39€

17.80€17.65€

22.43€40.09€

3661315820885

76'09124.50€

17.70€14644588€

3050488€89711371€

66402530€SlovakRep.

38.93€NA

NANA

35.43€NA

NANA

35.43€NA

NANA

NA148895523€

Slovenia64.00€

NANA

NANA

52205990666

6'460NA

NANA

NANA

33679918€Spain(total)

NANA

NANA

NA24976524

3664812NA

NANA

NANAP

NA1447963229€

Spain(StateAdm.)

52.59€NAP

NAPNAP

NAP21325855

3059430NA

NANA

NANAP

NA1123676078€

Spain(Catalonia)NA

NANA

NANAP

3650669605382

NAPNA

NANA

NAPNA

324287151€Sw

eden356.00€

414.00€NA

NANAP

2048404581009

NAP414.00€

414.00€240537726€

NAP848039256€

744870396€Sw

itzerlandNA

NANA

NANA

2447121749052

NANA

NANA

NANA

NAtheFYRO

Macedonia

10.00€10.00€

9.00€NA

14.00€1019946

9652217464

11.00€9.50€

965220€244496€

11219406€10238000€

Turkey18.82€

18.80€18.82€

NA18.82€

NANA

NA18.82€

18.80€NA

NANA

922016654€Ukraine

2.68€NAP

NAPNAP

NAPNAP

NAPNAP

NANA

NANA

NA88757004€

UK:Engl.&

Wales

109.72€NA

108.14€NA

307.70€NA

******

207.92€108.10€

NANA

NA3356000000€

UK:North.Ireland

NA243.00€

242.96€NA

1049.58€676624

NA10028

511.83€243.00€

NA10525188€

346318717€174017734€

UK:Scotland

107.00€107.00€

107.00€NAP

107.00€2862128

538656213163

107.00€107.00€

57636192€22808441€

306247696€350700000€

Average99.09€

126.34€116.55€

195.84€235.14€

166.88€

122.45€89945362€

9098749€489561955€

587089457€

Median

44.78€44.50€

44.50€46.26€

40.09€

69.08€44.50€

10546401€2641921€

84828142€130910454€

Minim

um

2.68€4.09€

9.00€0.00€

9.30€

9.20€4.09€

23290€0€

398156€250000€

Maxim

um

685.00€685.00€

685.00€786.00€

1498.11€

786.40€685.00€

547662258€38878280€

5826423644€6436427009€



TABLE14.A:CATEGORIESINCLUDEDINTHECALCULATIONOFCUSTODIALEXPENSESIN2013,INTABLE14

ü 14.1Securityü 14.2Healthcare(incl.medicalcare,psychiatricservices,pharmaceuticals,dentalcareetc.)ü 14.3Services(incl.maintenance,utilities,maintenanceofinmaterecords,reception,assignment,transportation,etc.)ü 14.4Administration(excl.extra-institutionalexpenditures)ü 14.5Support(incl.food,inmateactivities,inmateemployment,clothing,etc.)ü 14.6Rehabilitationprograms(incl.academiceducation,vocationaltraining,substanceabuseprograms,etc.)ü 14.7Other

Reference:CouncilofEurope,SPACEI2014.14.A

Country 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7Albania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoAndorra Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoArmenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoAustria Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesAzerbaijan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoBelgium BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoBulgaria Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoCroatia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCyprus Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoCzechRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDenmark Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoEstonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFinland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesFrance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGeorgia No Yes Yes No Yes No NAGermany Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesGreece Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoHungary Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesIceland Yes No Yes Yes Yes No NoIreland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesItaly Yes No Yes Yes Yes No NoLatvia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesLiechtenstein Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes NoLithuania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No YesLuxembourg Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesMalta Moldova Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoMonaco Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoMontenegro Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoNetherlands Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesNorway Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoPoland Portugal NA NA NA NA NA NA NARomania Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesRussianFed. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSanMarino Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No NoSerbia Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoSlovakRep. Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSlovenia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(total) Spain(StateAdm.) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSpain(Catalonia) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoSweden Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesSwitzerland NA NA NA NA NA NA NAtheFYROMacedonia Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesTurkey Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUkraine Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes NoUK:Engl.&Wales Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUK:North.Ireland Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes NoUK:Scotland Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes



NOTES–TABLES14AND14.A

Data included in Table 14 are not always fully comparable across countries. In order to ensure morereliablecomparisons,wepresentinTable14.Athecategorieswhichareincludedinthecalculationofthecustodial expenses by each country. Nevertheless, these figures should be used cautiously not onlybecause the definition of the categories may differ from one country to another, but also because thepurchasingpowervarieswidelyacrossEurope.

AUSTRIAü Table14.A(point14.7):Overheadsandhirecharges.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)ü Table 14: Correctional institutions in RS represent a separate entity under the direct

supervisionoftheMinistryofJustice(art.9oftheLawonExecutionofCriminalSanctions).Theyhaveseparatebudgetsthatcovertheincome(wages),materialcosts,andconsumption.Thetotalbudget stated in the point (m) of Table 14 refers exclusively to the budget spent by thecorrectionalinstitutions.In2013,32271092.00euroswerespent,ofwhich:

o 9402095€inpersonalincome(wages);o 1181646€formaterialcosts;o 1210739€forfood.

ü Table14(pointa):AverageamountspentperinmateinpenalinstitutionsinRSwas58.50KM[BiHconvertiblemarks](or29€).Thisamountincludesthecostoffood,housing,maintenanceof the facilities, health services, electricity, heating, water, utilities, printing, postage andinsuranceservices.

ü Table14(pointd):ThiscategoryofinmatesisunderthejurisdictionoftheMinistryofHealthandSocialProtectionofRS.Therefore, there isnospecialbudget foreseen in thebudgetof thePrisonAdministrationforthesepeople.

BULGARIAü Table 14:Becauseof toomanyadjustmentsofbudget for theyear2014, itwas impossible to

provideanexactestimateofthecosts.CZECHREPUBLIC

ü Table14(pointa):Thereisadifferenceof11.70€betweentheaverageamountspentperdayforthedetentionofonepersonin2012(36.40€)andin2013(48.10€).ThissituationisduetothesignificantfallofthetotalnumberofinmatesfollowingthePresidentialAmnesty.

ü Table 14.A (point 14.7):Salariesof theuniformedandcivilianstaff, retirementpensionsandretirement benefits for former uniformed staff, sickness benefits of the uniformed staff,renovationandmodernizationofmovablepropertyandimmovable;securityatcourtandpublicprosecution buildings; IT services and equipment; hygienic items for prisoners; antidrugprogrammeandcrimeprevention.

ESTONIAü Table 14.A (point 14.7):Different investments (sportsequipment,kitchenequipmentetc.), a

lump-sumbenefitifaninmateisreleased,etc.FINLAND

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Inthiscategoryarealsoincludedrentalcosts.FRANCE

ü Table14point (e):Theexpensesofinstitutionsforjuvenileoffendersincludethecostsborneby the Judicial Youth Protection Directorate inherent in the functioning of this type ofestablishments(staffandoperating).

ü Table14.A (point14.7):Otherexpensescorrespondtocontributionstothecentralagencyofsocialsecurity(ACOSS).

GEORGIAü Table14.A(point14.5):Excludinginmateemployment.



GERMANYü Table 14.A (point 14.6):Due to the federal structureof theGermanpenitentiaryservice, the

question cannot be answeredwith yes or no, since some programmesmay be includedwhileothersaresupportedbyotherfunds.

ü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Theaverageamount includesall costs in connectionwith thepenalsystem(suchasstaff,constructioncosts).

GREECEü Table14.A(point14.6):Theexpensesconcernsonlythesubstanceabuseprogram.

HUNGARYü Table14.A(point14.7):PPPrent,representation,costsofdelegationstravellingabroad,taxes,

fees, other obligations, information carrier, books, periodicals, interest rate, post costs, fixedassets.

ICELANDü Table14.A(point14.6):Thedataincludetrainingandsubstanceabuseprograms.

ITALYü Table 14.A (point 14.2): The expenses for the healthcare of prisoners fall under the

responsibility of the National Healthcare Service. The Penitentiary Administration bears thecosts only in some Regions with special Statute, until the procedures are concluded fortransferringthefunctionsofpenitentiaryhealthcareprovision.

ü Table 14.A (point 14.6):Thespecificprogrammesofrehabilitation/reinstatementare fundedby theFinesFund(CassadelleAmmende), apublicbodyunder theauthorityof theMinistryofJustice.TheexpensesforeducationandforvocationaltrainingarebornebyotherinstitutionandbyLocalBodies.

LATVIAü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Taxes and duties: repairs and maintenance costs, capital repairs,

construction,etc.LITHUANIA

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Maintenanceandrepaircosts(partially)andeducation.LUXEMBOURG

ü Table14(pointsb&c):Asthepre-trialdetaineesandsentencedprisonersareheldinthesameplace,thecostsappliedtoensurethedetentionarethesameforbothcategories.

ü Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedpersonnelcosts(e.g.salaries).MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].THENETHERLANDS

ü FiguresincludedinTable14refertotheadultprisonsystem.ü Table14:

• Point(a):Thisfigureisaroughestimationonthebasisofthepoints(b),(c)and(d);• Point(b):PriceofabasicplaceinaHouseofDetention(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(c):Priceofaclosedprisonplace(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(d):Priceofaplaceinoneofthe5PsychiatricPenitentiaryComplexeswhichare

meantforpre-trialandsentencedprisoners(includingoverheadcosts);• Point(g):Costsforinstanceforafuneralorthepaymentofdamages/compensation(for

peoplewhohavebeendetainedunjustly);• Point (m): The calculation is based on the expenses made in custody (adult regular

regime only). Juvenile inmates and people being treated in custodial clinics underhospitalordersareexcluded.

ü Juvenileprisoners andpeoplebeing treated in custodial clinicsunder ahospital order arenotincluded.Thereforeall theamounts fortheseadditionalcategoriesarepresented intheTable14onlyforinformation.



NORWAYü Table14(pointsb&c):Therearenospecialprisonsforremanddetainees.Remandprisoners

areheldinthesameestablishmentsasconvictedprisoners.Thereforeitisnotpossibletospecifytheexpenditureonthesegroupsseparately.

ü Table 14points (d):Thisgroupofpersons isnotbeingheld inprisonand it isnotunder theresponsibilityoftheCorrectionalService.

ü Table14points(e):Therearenospecialinstitutionsforjuvenileoffenders.ROMANIA

ü Table14.A (point14.7):Capitalexpenditures,financingoftheExternalNon-RefundableFundand Health Insurance Fund of Defence, Public Order, National Safety and Legal Authority"CASAOPSNAJ".

SLOVAKREPUBLICü Table 14.A (point 14.7):Retirementbenefits forprisonofficersandcivilemployees,sickness

benefit forprisonofficersandcivilemployees,monetarycontributiononnaturalbelonging forprisonofficers, allowance and travel expenses after release frompre-trail detention executionandfromprisonsentenceexecution.

SLOVENIAü Table14(pointm):AlltheexpensesmadebytheNationalPrisonAdministrationareincluded

incalculationoftheaverageamountspentperdayandperinmate.ü Table14.A(point14.7):Investmentinbuildings,equipmentandvehicles.

SPAIN(TOTAL)ü Total figures presented inTable 14werenot used for the calculations of average andmedian

Europeanvalues.SPAIN(STATEADMINISTRATION)

ü Table 14: The security expenses of the Police Forces and the Health Care delivered by theAutonomousCommunitieshavenotbeenincluded.

ü Table14.A (point 14.7):ThetransferstotheStateEntityPenitentiaryLabourandVocationalTraininghavebeentakenintoaccountinthisbudget.

SPAIN(CATALONIA)ü Table 14: There is no information about the average costs per day of detention because the

JusticeDepartmentisreviewingthecostallocationcriteria.SWEDEN

ü Table 14 (point a): The calculation of the average amount spent per inmate is based on theexpenses for both pre-trial and sentenced inmates. There are no special prisons for remanddetainees.Thereforeitisnotpossibletospecifytheexpenditureonthispopulationseparately.

ü Table 14.A (point 14.7): Under this heading are included the categories of overhead forHeadquarterandregionalOffices,depreciations,costsforfacilities.

THEFORMERYUGOSLAVREPUBLICOFMACEDONIAü Table14.A(point14.7):Underthisheadingareincludedallexpensesmadeforconveyingthe

prisonerstocourtortootherprison.TURKEY

ü Table14(Point(a)):18.82€/day(56TL) (1€:3.0286TL).UKRAINE

ü Table14(Point(a)):2.68€/day(80.4UAH) (1€:30.00UAH).



iii. Prison Staff



PC-CP(2015)7

TABLE15:STA

FFWORKIN

GIN

PENALIN

STITUTIO

NSO

NTH

EBASISO

FFULL-TIM

EEQUIVA

LENTS(FTE)O

N1

STSEPTEMBER2014(N

UMBERS)


Country

Total

numberof

staff

Staffatthe

nation

alprison

administration

(Head

Office)

Staffinregion

alprison

administration

offices

Otherstaff

employed

byth

eprison

adm.,

butw

ho

work

OUTSID

E

penal

institu

tions

Total

numberof

staffwork

ing

INSID

Epenal

institu

tions

Ofw

hich:

Executives(managers)ofpenal

institutions

CustodialstaffMedicaland

paramedical

staff

Staffresponsibleforassessm

entandthe

psychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(including

socialworkers,

teachers/educators,etc.)

Staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining

Otherstaffworking

INSIDEpenalinstitutions

(A)(B)

(C)(D)

(E)(F)

(G)(H)

(I)(J)

(K)(L)

Albania

3766162

407NAP

319722

2825228

6062

00

Andorra

612

00

592

4313

01

00

Arm

enia

2204216

360NAP

162899

1303105

4432

NAP

45Austria

367965

NAP

NAP

361485

2977116

64105

NA

266Azerb

aijan

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Belgiu

m

BH:BiH

(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed

.BiH

BH:Rep.Srp

ska

8847

NAP

NAP

8776

49218

1373

168107

Bulgaria

[4396][111]

[4285][NAP]

[0][13]

[117]

[33][314]

[NA]

Croatia

273339

00

2694156

1588111

18133

213475

Cyprus

398NA

NA

NA

3980

08

7NA

NA

NA

Czech

Rep.

10607.8175

NAP

3075.87357

1041954

4651221

1083505

Denmark

4598

275262

7623299

432437

132NA

134383

170Esto

nia

1612.032

NAP

NAP

1579.813.3

669103.5

2327

NAP

743.8Fin

land

249972

10062

226559

1362182

213176

273Fran

ce35102.7

429.31606.8

4252.928813.7

353.825234

00

0.0131.3

3094.4Georgia

3809187

NAP

NAP

362245

2228543

15918

NA

629Germ

any

36627NAP

3753

36250NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Greece

450528

334NAP

414333

3878158

27NA

NA

47Hungary

8070241

NA

NA

782964

6418458

38920

480NA

Iceland

116.216.4

70

92.83

75NAP

00

122.8

Ireland

3598.725119.43

104.4147.5

3227.42073

2565.63119.000

17.61

382.568.7

Italy44775

1361994

224440176

19736197

7526

8870

2794Latvia

2492165.0

NAP

NAP

2327.033

1638140

173.028

0315

Liechten

stein

160

00

161

150

00

00

Lithuania

347982

NAP

2823115

401984

28136

21010

554Luxem

bourg

405.255

00

400.255

2931

4.2521

35.2540.75




Country

Total

numberof

staff

Staffatthe

nation

alprison

administration

(Head

Office)

Staffinregion

alprison

administration

offices

Otherstaff

employed

byth

eprison

adm.,

butw

ho

work

OUTSID

E

penal

institu

tions

Total

numberof

staffwork

ing

INSID

Epenal

institu

tions

Ofw

hich:

Executives(managers)ofpenal

institutions

CustodialstaffMedicaland

paramedical

staff

Staffresponsibleforassessm

entandthe

psychologists

Staffresponsibleforeducationactivities(including

socialworkers,

teachers/educators,etc.)

Staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocationaltraining

Otherstaffworking

INSIDEpenalinstitutions

(A)(B)

(C)(D)

(E)(F)

(G)(H)

(I)(J)

(K)(L)

Malta

[256][NA]

[NA]

[NA]

[NA]

[NA]

[157][10]

[1][8]

[1]

Mold

ova2920

1390.0

2982483

431678

265.538

1300

328.5Monaco

[46]

[0][0]

[0][46]

[2][32]

[3][0]

[0][0]

[11]Monten

egro

46823

019

4267

12819

315

25229

Neth

erlands

11554.5281

606.5966

9700.9158.0

6303.7305.3

108.3286.7

825.81713.1

Norway

3893.954

156.396

3587.574

2469.10

00

578467

Polan

d

29354449

494422

279891750

156611689

5542181

2135941

Portu

gal6306

493572

NAP

500546

41410

0189

0629

Romania

12645277

NAP

39411974

7304252

67089

43931

5763Russian

Fed.

295963735

1632348271.65

230633.85994

60204.528794.75

3316.06778.5

18818.00111728.10

SanMarin

o

100

00

101

51

11

01

Serbia

424379

00

416438

2395278

2920

530631

Slovak

Rep.

5228145

NAP

7724311

59797

24879

300NAP

2828Slo

venia

84129

00

81254

52013

665

8272

Spain(total)29803

5163938

NAP

25349413

183971180

8661874

9811638

Spain

(StateAdm.)

24943386

3938

20619352

15263940

6501430

8701114

Spain

(Catalo

nia)

4860130

NAP

04730

613134

240216

444111

524Sw

eden

6916375

178350

6013275

4276112

31237

316766

Switzerlan

d

4102NA

NA

NA

4102381

2028275

NA

543NA

NA

theFY

ROMaced

onia

84320

NAP

0823

33570

2136

3542

86Turkey

45895248

1612159

438761318

38037540

377544

03060

Ukrain

e51183

3001364

630543214

67511805

347410

127900

26223UK:Engl.&

Wales

349701800

120710

323401260

2249060

5800

28705080

UK:North

.Ireland

1987.03196

15629

1606.04146

1325.203.19

2726.0

3247.00

UK:Sco

tland

4345569

43975

326288

24540

56478

0186



NOTES–TABLE15

AZERBAIJANü According to the legislation, data on the penitentiary institution staff are classified as secret

information.BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)

ü Point (B): The central prison administration in this case is the Department for execution ofcriminalsanctionswithintheMinistryofJusticeofRepublikaSrpska.

BULGARIAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].CROATIA

ü Points (I) and (J): Some of the staff responsible for educational activities (point J) is alsoresponsiblefortheassessment(pointI)andsomeofthemarealsopsychologists.

CYPRUSü AllfiguresconcernonlythePrisoninstitutionwithoutpolicestations.

CZECHREPUBLICü Point (A):Thetotalnumberofstaff includes20femaleuniformedstaffonmaternityleaveand

30 staff members on long-term sickness leave. Total number of staff does not include 106members of uniformed staff as reserve (not permanently at work), 67 civilians onmaternity/family leaves, and 6 other staff members not permanently at work for differentreasons.

ü Point(D):PrisonServiceAcademy;judicialguardsatcourts;escortstaffmembers,supportstaffü Points(I)and(J):Thesamepeopleareresponsibleforeducationandassessment.Thiscategory

ofstaffincludesteachers,educators,therapists,psychologists,socialworkers FINLAND

ü ThefiguresaretheFTEequivalentscalculatedforthestaffemployedbytheCriminalSanctionsAgencyin2014.

ü Point(D):IncludesTrainingInstituteforPrisonandProbationServicesandEnforcementUnit.GEORGIA

ü Figuresareon8thAugust2015insteadof1stSeptember2014ü Point(J):IncludesdataaboutstaffempoyedbytheMinistryofeducationandscienceorbythe

contractedorganisations.Therefore,thedataisn'tavailable.ICELAND

ü Figuresfrompoints(I)and(J)areincludedaswellinthepoint(B).Therefore,thereisavisiblediscrepancyof4persons.

ITALYü Point(A):38331employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(B):989employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(C):608employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point(D):537employeesaremembersoftheCorpsofPenitentiaryPolice.ü Point (H):Figures includesnursesemployed inSicily,where thehealthcare staffdidnot shift

under thecompetenceof theMinistryofHealthyet(in termsofDecreeof thePresidentof theCouncilofMinistersof1stApril2008).

LITHUANIAü Figuresareon1stJuly2014,insteadof1stSeptember2014.

MALTAWarning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].



MONACO

Warning:Thedatavalidationprocedurecouldnotbeachieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].NORWAY

ü Points(H),(I)and(J):Notemployedbythepenalinstitutions.ü Point(L):Administrativestaffanddrugdogshandlers.

PORTUGALDataaretheFTEequivalentscalculatedforthestaffemployedbythePenitentiaryAdministrationon31stDecember2013.

ü Point (A): Total number of staff includes personnel assigned to the Prison Administration aswellas thoseworking in theProbationandInsertionService(seenotes toTable5ofSPACEII2014).Underthisheadingareincluded236employeesappointedtoeducationcenters,thatarenotincludedinanyofthefollowingheadings.

ü Point (C):Under this heading are countedpersonnel appointed to48differentProbation andInsertionteams.

ü Point (J): InSPACEI2012,underthisheadingwas includedtechnicalpersonnelof theformerPrisonService.Inpresentreport,areaccountedalltechnicalstaffworkinginpenalinstitutions.

ROMANIAü Point (A): Figures include 115 employees onmaternity licence and 12 employees afected to

institutionsoutsidethepenitentiaryestablishmentü Point(C):StaffattheNationalTrainingSchoolofPenitentiaryAgentsinTârguOcna,theTraining

CentreforPrisonOfficersinArad,theVocationalTrainingandRecreationCentreforPrisonStaffinSovata,theHotelstaffinEforieSud,theSupplyManagementandRepairCentre-BucharestJilavaandtheUnitofsurveillanceandescortsforinmatestobetransferred.

ü Point (G):Figurerelatesonlytopersonnelwhohaveresponsibilitiesofsurveillanceinprisonsand responsibilities of escorting inmates outside prisons (to hospitals, to judicial authorities,externalworkunits).

ü Point(I):Amongothercategoriesofstaff,thereisapartofthoseworkingintheareaofsecuritydetentionandprisonregime,thereareunitswherestaffprovidesactivitieshavingdirectcontactwith inmates, e.g. receptionand recordsof inmates inpenal institutions, etc. on1st September2013,therewere3310peopleemployedtoperformsuchduties.



TABLE15.1:STAFFWORKINGINPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)


CountryTotalnumber

ofstaff Total%(sum)

%ofstaffatthenationalprison

administration

%ofstaffinregionalprison

administrationoffices

%ofotherstaff

employedbyPA,workingoutsidepenalinstitutions

%ofstaffworkinginside

penalinstitutions

Albania 3766 100.0 4.3 10.8 NAP 84.9Andorra 61 100.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 96.7Armenia 2204 100.0 9.8 16.3 NAP 73.9Austria 3679 100.0 1.8 NAP NAP 98.2Azerbaijan NA *** NA NA NA NABelgium BH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 884 100.0 0.8 99.2Bulgaria 4396 100.0 2.5 97.5 NAP 0.0Croatia 2733 100.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 98.6Cyprus 398 100.0 NA NA NA 100.0CzechRep. 10608 100.0 1.6 NAP 29.0 69.4Denmark 4598 100.0 6.0 5.7 16.6 71.7Estonia 1612 100.0 2.0 NAP NAP 98.0Finland 2499 100.0 2.9 4.0 2.5 90.6France 35103 100.0 1.2 4.6 12.1 82.1Georgia 3809 100.0 4.9 NAP NAP 95.1Germany 36627 100.0 NAP 1.0 0.0 99.0Greece 4505 100.0 0.6 7.4 NAP 92.0Hungary 8070 100.0 3.0 NA NA 97.0Iceland 116 100.0 14.1 6.0 0.0 79.9Ireland 3599 100.0 3.3 2.9 4.1 89.7Italy 44775 100.0 3.0 2.2 5.0 89.7Latvia 2492 100.0 6.6 NAP NAP 93.4Liechtenstein 16 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Lithuania 3479 100.0 2.4 NAP 8.1 89.5Luxembourg 405 100.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 98.8Malta 256 *** NA NA NA NAMoldova 2920 100.0 4.8 0.0 10.2 85.0Monaco 46 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Montenegro 468 100.0 4.9 0.0 4.1 91.0Netherlands 11555 100.0 2.4 5.2 8.4 84.0Norway 3894 100.0 1.4 4.0 2.5 92.1Poland 29354 100.0 1.5 1.7 1.4 95.3Portugal 6306 96.3 7.8 9.1 NAP 79.4Romania 12645 100.0 2.2 NAP 3.1 94.7RussianFed. 295963 100.0 0.2 5.5 16.3 77.9SanMarino 10 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0Serbia 4243 100.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 98.1SlovakRep. 5228 100.0 2.8 NAP 14.8 82.5Slovenia 841 100.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 96.6Spain(total) 29803 100.0 1.7 13.2 NAP 85.1Spain(StateAdm.) 24943 100.0 1.5 15.8 0.0 82.7Spain(Catalonia) 4860 100.0 2.7 NAP 0.0 97.3Sweden 6916 100.0 5.4 2.6 5.1 86.9Switzerland 4102 100.0 NA NA NA 100.0theFYROMacedonia 843 100.0 2.4 NAP 0.0 97.6Turkey 45895 100.0 0.5 3.5 0.3 95.6Ukraine 51183 100.0 0.6 2.7 12.3 84.4UK:Engl.&Wales 34970 100.0 5.1 0.3 2.0 92.5UK:North.Ireland 1987 100.0 9.9 7.9 1.5 80.8UK:Scotland 4345 100.0 13.1 10.1 1.7 75.1Average 3.4 6.9 4.7 88.4Median 2.5 2.9 1.9 92.1Minimum 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 14.1 97.5 29.0 100.0



TABLE15.2:STAFFWORKINGINSIDEPENALINSTITUTIONSONTHEBASISOFFULL-TIMEEQUIVALENTS(FTE)ON1STSEPTEMBER2014(PERCENTAGES)


Country

Totalnum

ber

ofstaff

working

INSIDEpenal

institutions

Total%

(sum

)

%Executives

(managers)of

penal

institutions

%Custodial

staff

%Medical

and

paramedical

staff

%Staff

responsible

for

assessment

andthe

psychologists

%Staff

responsible

foreducation

activities

%Staff

responsible

forworkshops

orvocational

training

%Otherstaff

Albania 3197 100.0 0.7 88.4 7.1 1.9 1.9 0.0 0.0Andorra 59 100.0 3.4 72.9 22.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0Armenia 1628 100.0 6.1 80.0 6.4 2.7 2.0 NAP 2.8Austria 3614 100.0 2.4 82.4 3.2 1.8 2.9 7.4Azerbaijan NA *** NA NA NA NA NA NA NABelgium NA *** NA NA NA NA NA NA NABH:BiH(total) BH:BiH(st.level) BH:Fed.BiH BH:Rep.Srpska 877 100.0 0.7 56.1 2.1 1.5 8.3 19.2 12.2Bulgaria … … … … … … … … …Croatia 2694 100.0 5.8 58.9 4.1 0.7 4.9 7.9 17.6Cyprus 398 100.0 1.3 94.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5 0.0CzechRep. 7357 100.0 1.4 26.6 6.3 16.6 1.5 47.6Denmark 3299 100.0 1.3 73.9 4.0 NA 4.1 11.6 5.2Estonia 1580 100.0 0.8 42.3 6.5 1.5 1.7 NA 47.1Finland 2265 100.0 2.6 60.1 8.0 9.4 7.8 12.1France 28814 100.0 1.2 87.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 10.7Georgia 3622 100.0 1.2 61.5 15.0 4.4 0.5 NA 17.4Germany 36250 *** NA NA NA NA NA NA NAGreece 4143 100.0 0.8 93.6 3.8 0.7 NA NA 1.1Hungary 7829 100.0 0.8 82.0 5.9 5.0 0.3 6.1 NAIceland 93 100.0 3.2 80.8 NA 0.0 0.0 12.9 3.0Ireland 3227 100.0 2.3 79.5 3.7 0.5 0.0 11.9 2.1Italy 40176 100.0 0.5 90.1 0.2 0.1 2.2 0.0 7.0Latvia 2327 100.0 1.4 70.4 6.0 7.4 1.2 0.0 13.5Liechtenstein 16 100.0 6.3 93.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Lithuania 3115 100.0 1.3 63.7 9.0 1.2 6.7 0.3 17.8Luxembourg 400 100.0 1.2 73.2 0.2 1.1 5.2 8.8 10.2Malta NA *** NA NA NA NA NA NA NAMoldova 2483 100.0 1.7 67.6 10.7 1.5 5.2 0.0 13.2Monaco [46] [104.3] [4.3] [69.6] [6.5] [0.0] [0.0] [0.0] [23.9]Montenegro 426 100.0 1.6 30.0 4.5 0.7 3.5 5.9 53.8Netherlands 9701 100.0 1.6 65.0 3.1 1.1 3.0 8.5 17.7Norway 3588 100.0 2.1 68.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 13.0Poland 27989 100.0 6.3 56.0 6.0 2.0 7.8 0.8 21.2Portugal 5005 100.0 0.9 82.7 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 12.6Romania 11974 100.0 6.1 35.5 5.6 0.7 3.7 0.3 48.1RussianFed. 230634 100.0 0.4 26.1 12.5 1.4 2.9 8.2 48.4SanMarino 10 100.0 10.0 50.0 10. 10. 10. 0.0 10.0Serbia 4164 100.0 0.9 57.5 6.7 7.0 0.0 12.7 15.2SlovakRep. 4311 100.0 1.4 18.5 5.8 1.8 7.0 NAP 65.6Slovenia 812 100.0 6.7 64.0 1.6 0.7 8.0 10.1 8.9Spain(total) 25349 100.0 1.6 72.6 4.7 3.4 7.4 3.9 6.5Spain(StateAdm.) 20619 100.0 1.7 74.0 4.6 3.2 6.9 4.2 5.4Spain(Catalonia) 4730 100.0 1.3 66.3 5.1 4.6 9.4 2.3 11.1Sweden 6013 100.0 4.6 71.1 1.9 0.5 3.9 5.3 12.7Switzerland 4102 *** 9.3 49.4 6.7 NA 13.2 NA NAtheFYROMacedonia 823 100.0 4.0 69.3 2.6 4.4 4.3 5.1 10.4Turkey 43876 100.0 3.0 86.7 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.0 7.0Ukraine 43214 100.0 1.6 27.3 8.0 0.0 0.3 2.1 60.7UK:Engl.&Wales 32340 100.0 3.9 69.5 0.2 1.8 0.0 8.9 15.7UK:North.Ireland 1606 100.0 9.1 82.5 0.2 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.9UK:Scotland 3262 100.0 2.7 75.2 0.0 1.7 14.7 0.0 5.7Average 2.9 66.1 4.9 2.4 3.7 4.9 16.7Median 1.7 69.5 4.5 1.4 2.9 3.3 12.1Minimum 0.4 18.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Maximum 10.0 94.2 22.0 16.6 14.7 19.2 65.6




InTable15.2, there isone country,Monaco, inwhich the totalpercentageof staffworking inside penalinstitutions is higher than 100. These figures are presented between brackets. Formore details on theinputs,seenotestoTable15.Foronecountry(Bulgaria)apartofinputsweredeletedfromthereport,becausethesedataseemedtobeunreliable.

FIGURE5:STAFFWORKINGINSIDEPENALINSTITUTIONSON1STSEPTEMBER2014,PERCENTAGES

OnFigure5alldataaresortedaccordingtothepercentageofcustodialstaff.

Themedian value of custodial staff employed in all examined countries is 69.5% in the total of staffworking inside penal institutions. Yet, it is important to keep inmind,while performing cross-nationalcomparisons, that inmany countries custodial staff is in chargeofmultiple institutionalduties, such asvocationaltrainingandeducationactivities.

Thepartofcustodialstaffgoesfrom18.5%inSlovakRepublicto94.2%inCyprus.Giventhisobservation,onemaystatethatthediversityofbreakdownsledtoaverylargedefinitionofwhatshouldbeconsideredasdutyofcustodialstaff. It isvery likely thatamongpersonnel therecouldbepeopleperformingmuchmoreactivitiesthanjustactivitiesdirectlyrelatedtoinstitutionalsecurityissues.

Methodologicallimitation:

Forthefollowingtwocountriesonlymergedcategoriesareavailable:

ü In Czech Republic & Finland: merged categories are staff responsible for assessment andpsychologists+staffresponsibleforeducationactivities.

18.5

26.1

26.6

27.3

30.0

35.5

42.3 49.4

50.0

56.0

56.1

57.5

58.9

60.1

61.5

63.7

64.0

65.0

66.3

67.6

68.8

69.3

69.5

69.6

70.4

71.1

72.6

72.9

73.2

73.9

74.0

75.2

79.5

80.0

80.8

82.0

82.4

82.5

82.7

86.7

87.6

88.4

90.1

93.6

93.8

94.2

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

SlovakRep

.Ru

ssianFed.

CzechRe

p.

Ukraine

Mon

tene

gro

Romania

Estonia

Switzerland

SanMarino

Poland

BH

:Rep

.Srpska

Serbia

Croaaa

Finland

Georgia

Lithuania

Sloven

ia

Nethe

rland

sSpain(Catalon

ia)

Moldo

va

Norway

theFYRO

Maced

onia

UK:Engl.&W

ales

Mon

aco

Latvia

Swed

en

Spain(total)

Ando

rra

Luxembo

urg

Denm

ark

Spain(StateAdm

.)UK:Scotla

nd

Ireland

Armen

ia

Iceland

Hungary

Austria

UK:North.Ireland

Po

rtugal

Turkey

France

Albania

Italy

Greece

Liechten

stein

Cyprus

%custodialstaff %execuaves(managers)ofpenalinsatuaons

%medicalandparamedicalstaff %staffresponsibleforassessmentandthepsychologists

%staffresponsibleforeducaaonacaviaes %staffresponsibleforworkshopsorvocaaonaltraining

%otherstaff




TABLE16:STA

FF(FTE)WORKIN

GIN

PENALIN

STITUTIO

NSBU

TNOTEM

PLOYED

BYTHEPRISO

NAD

MINISTRATIO

NON1

STSEPTEMBER2014

(NUMBERSAN

DPERCEN

TAGES)


Country

Totalnum

berofstaff

Total%

(sum)

Teachersand

educators

%Teachersand

educators

Doctorsand

healthcarestaff

%Doctorsand

healthcarestaff

Securitystaffandperim

eterguards

%Securitystaffandperim

eterguards

Probationstaffandsocialworkers

%


Others

%Others

(a)(a.1)

(b)(b.1)

(c)(c.1)

(d)(d.1)

(e)(e.1)

(f)(f.1)

AlbaniaNAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***Andorra

15100

16.7

1386.7

00.0

16.7

00.0

Armenia

72100

1013.9

1520.8

NAP***

NAP***

4765.3

Austria165.72

1002.53

1.5119.38

72.00

0.018.21

11.025.6

15.4Azerbaijan

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

Belgium

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

BH:BiH

(total)

BH

:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH

:Rep.Srpska

3100

0

3100.0

0

0

0

Bulgaria116

100116

100.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.0Croatia

37100

616.2

1848.6

NAP***

NAP***

1335.1

Cyprus18

1001

5.615

83.3NAP

***2

11.1NAP

***CzechR

ep.2

100NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***2

100.0Denm

arkNA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***Estonia

NA***

NA***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

FinlandNA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***France

GeorgiaNAP

NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***Germ

any1842.39

100378.64

20.6244.42

13.3101.15

5.5291.81

15.8826.37

44.9Greece

NA***

NA***

152***

3878***

119NA

NANA

Hungary

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NANA

NANA

Iceland9.2

1007

76.12.2

23.90

0.00

0.00

0.0Ireland

257.77100

242.7794.2

155.8

00.0

00.0

00.0

Italy21

100NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

NA21

100.0Latvia

247100

247100.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

00.0

Liechtenstein5

1001

20.02

40.00

0.02

40.00

0.0



PC-CP(2015)7

Country

Totalnum

berofstaff

Total%

(sum)

Teachersand

educators

%Teachersand

educators

Doctorsand

healthcarestaff

%Doctorsand

healthcarestaff

Securitystaffandperim

eterguards

%Securitystaffandperim

eterguards


%


Others

%Others

(a)(a.1)

(b)(b.1)

(c)(c.1)

(d)(d.1)

(e)(e.1)

(f)(f.1)

Lithuania440

100247

56.13

0.7NAP

***NA

NA190

43.2Luxem

bourg140

10012

8.661

43.60

0.07

5.060

42.9Malta

256100

83.1

103.9

15861.7

10.4

7930.9

Moldova

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

Monaco

30100

1963.3

310.0

NAP***

13.3

723.3

Montenegro

52100

00.0

917.3

4076.9

00.0

35.8

Netherlands

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

Norw

ay395

100275

69.6120

30.4NAP

***NAP

***0

0.0Poland

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

PortugalNAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***Rom

ania470

100331

70.4NAP

***NAP

***70

14.969

14.7RussianFed.

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

SanMarino

9100

111.1

222.2

555.6

111.1

00.0

Serbia58

1002

3.450

86.20

0.00

0.06

10.3SlovakR

ep.NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***Slovenia

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

Spain(total)NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***Spain(StateAdm

.)NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***NA

***Spain(Catalonia)

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

Sweden

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

Switzerland

407***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

theFYROMacedonia

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

TurkeyNA

***NA

***NA

***NAP

***NAP

***NAP

***Ukraine

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

NAP***

UK:Engl.&

Wales

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

UK:North.Ireland

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

NA***

UK:Scotland

1408100

15410.9

66347.1

00.0

14910.6

44231.4

Average

35.8

36.0

14.3

7.6

24.5Median

16.2

23.9

0.0

5.0

14.7

Minim

um

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Maxim

um

100.0

100.0

76.9

40.0

100.0



NOTES–TABLE16

AZERBAIJAN

ü According to the legislation, data on the penitentiary institution staff ARE classified as secret

information.

BH:BOSNIAANDHERZEGOVINA(REPUBLIKASRPSKA)

ü Point (c): Six penitentiary establishments in Republika Srpska employ or hire permantely 3doctors. However, 3 more doctors (not included in the figures) are employed for a certain

numberof hours on adaily basis or a certainnumberof daysperweekbasedonApart time

contract. FRANCE

Warning: The data validation procedure could not be achieved. For this reason, and because dataseemedtobetotallyunreliable,figureswereexcludedfromthepresentreport.

GREECE

ü Point(e):Figuresreferonlytoprobationstaff.

IRELAND

ü Point(b):TeachersarepaidbytheDepartmentofEducation.

ü Point(c):15suchstaff,compriseof5locumdoctorsand10agencynurses. MONACO

ü Point(c):2psychiatristsand1psychologist.

NORWAY

ü Point(e):Therearenofixedallotmentsregardingvisitsbytheprobationserviceandnoreliable

estimatecanbemade.

ü Point (f):Employees fromSocialSecuritymakeasizablecontributionbut theirwork isnotat

present formalised. Estimates would be unreliable. Their tasks: advising and helping with

applicationsforbenefits,housing,employmentetc.

SERBIA

ü Point(f):Figuresinclude2barbers,1hairdresser,1janitor,1manson,and1repairerofsewing

machines.

SPAIN(CATALONIA)

ü Becauseofprovisionallackofstaffresourceshasnotbeenpossibletoaccuratelydeterminethe

numberofpeoplefromotherdepartments(education,health,interior..)workingfortheprison

system.

UK:ENGL.&WALES

ü Information about these staff members is not held by prison administration, as they are

employeedbyotherorganisations.



FIGURE6:HIGHESTRATIOSOFINMATESPERONECUSTODIANON1STSEPTEMBER2014

COMMENTSTOTABLE17

ThetotalnumberofinmatesusedinthisTableisbasedonthenon-adjustedfiguresprovidedinTable1.

For Cyprus the total number of inmates corresponds to the number of those held in prison (without

policestations).Thisisduetothefactthatthenumberofstaffisavailableonlyforprisoninstitution.For

Cyprus and two other countries (Bulgaria andMonaco) the data validation procedure could not be

achieved.Forthisreasonthenon-validatedfiguresarepresentedbetweenbrackets[].

The number of inmates for France is based on the number of those who are de facto held in penal

institutionsexcludingallthosewhohavethestatusof“écroués”butwhoarenotheldincustody.

ManyfigurescalculatedinTable17areestimates,andthereforetheymustbeusedwithcaution.Formore

detailsonthefiguresusedinthisTable,seenotestoTables15to16.

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0Arm

enia

France

Greece

UK:Scotland

Portugal

Switzerland

Spain(total)

Malta

Spain(StateAdm

.)

UK:Engl.&W

ales

Turkey

Moldo

va

Serbia

Estonia

Lithuania

Geo

rgia

Poland

theFYRO

Maced

onia

Romania

Ukraine

Mon

tene

gro

CzechRe

p.

RussianFed.

SlovakRep

.

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.8

4.0 4.3

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6 4.9 5.5

7.4 7.8 8.3 9.5 11

.1 12.8




TABLE17:RATIOOFINMATESPERCATEGORIESOFSTAFFON1STSEPTEMBER2014


Country

Total

numberof

inmates

(incl.pre-

trial

detainees)

Custodial

staff

(a)

Ratioinmatesper

custodian

Medical

and

paramedic

alstaff

(b)

Staff

responsibl

efor

assessmen

tandthe

psychologi

sts

(c)

Staff

responsibl

efor

education

activities

(d)

Staff

responsibl

efor

workshops

or

vocational

training

(e)

Sum

“other”

(sumfrom

(a)to(e)

Ratioinmatesperotherstaff

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Albania 5440 2825 1.9 228 60 62 0 350 15.5

Andorra 53 43 1.2 13 0 1 0 14 3.8

Armenia 3979 1303 3.1 105 44 32 NAP 181 22.0

Austria 8857 2977 3.0 116 64 105 NA 285 31.1

Azerbaijan 22579 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 0.0

Belgium NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

BH:BiH(total)

BH:BiH(st.level)

BH:Fed.BiH

BH:Rep.Srpska 940 492 1.9 18 13 73 168 272 3.5

Bulgaria [7870] [0] [0.0] [117] [33] [314] [NA] [464] [17.0]

Croatia 3763 1588 2.4 111 18 133 213 475 7.9

Cyprus [681] [375] [1.8] [0] [0] [0] [18] [18] [37.8]

CzechRep. 18658 1954 9.5 465 1221 108 1794 10.4

Denmark 3583 2437 1.5 132 NA 134 383 649 5.5

Estonia 2962 669 4.4 103 23 27 NAP 154 19.3

Finland 3097 1362 2.3 182 213 176 571 5.4

France 77739 25234 3.1 0 0 0 131 131 592.1

Georgia 10233 2228 4.6 543 159 18 NA 720 14.2

Germany 65710 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 0.0

Greece 12006 3878 3.1 158 27 NA NA 185 64.9

Hungary 18270 6418 2.8 458 389 20 480 1347 13.6

Iceland 154 75 2.1 NAP 2 2 12 16 9.6

Ireland 3829 2566 1.5 119 18 1 383 520 7.4

Italy 54252 36197 1.5 75 26 887 0 988 54.9

Latvia 4809 1638 2.9 140 173 28 0 341 14.1

Liechtenstein 8 15 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0

Lithuania 8977 1984 4.5 281 36 210 10 537 16.7

Luxembourg 656 293 2.2 1 4 21 35 62 10.7

Malta 571 157 3.6 10 1 8 1 20 28.6

Moldova 7166 1678 4.3 266 38 130 0 434 16.5

Monaco [28] [32] [0.9] [3] [0] [0] [0] [3] [9.3]

Montenegro 1058 128 8.3 19 3 15 25 62 17.1

Netherlands 9857 6304 1.6 305 108 287 826 1526 6.5

Norway 3718 2469 1.5 0 0 578 467 1045 3.6

Poland 77371 15661 4.9 1689 554 2181 213 4637 16.7

Portugal 14003 4141 3.4 0 0 189 0 189 74.1

Romania 31637 4252 7.4 670 89 439 31 1229 25.7

RussianFed. 671027 60205 11.1 28795 3316 6779 18818 57707 11.6

SanMarino 4 5 0.8 1 1 1 0 3 1.3

Serbia 10288 2395 4.3 278 292 0 530 1100 9.4

SlovakRep. 10179 797 12.8 248 79 300 NAP 627 16.2

Slovenia 1522 520 2.9 13 6 65 82 166 9.2

Spain(total) 65931 18397 3.6 1180 866 1874 981 4901 13.5

Spain(StateAdm.) 56391 15263 3.7 940 650 1430 870 3890 14.5

Spain(Catalonia) 9540 3134 3.0 240 216 444 111 1011 9.4

Sweden 5861 4276 1.4 112 31 237 316 696 8.4

Switzerland 6923 2028 3.4 275 NA 543 NA 818 8.5

theFYROMacedonia 3116 570 5.5 21 36 35 42 134 23.3

Turkey 151451 38037 4.0 540 377 544 0 1461 103.7

Ukraine 92290 11805 7.8 3474 10 127 900 4511 20.5

UK:Engl.&Wales 85509 22490 3.8 60 580 0 2870 3510 24.4

UK:North.Ireland 1860 1325 1.4 3 27 26 32 88 21.2

UK:Scotland 7879 2454 3.2 0 56 478 0 534 14.8

Average 3.6 30.0

Median 3.0 14.2

Minimum 0.0 0.0

Maximum 12.8 592.1



List of Tables and Figures CONVENTIONS USED ................................................................................................................................................ 21

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY ........................................................................................................................ 21

A.1. LEGISLATIVE AND OTHER MEASURES WHICH DIRECTLY INFLUENCE TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF PRISONERS . 26

TABLE 1: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ................................................................. 36

TABLE 1.1: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE TOTAL NUMBER OF INMATES IN TABLE 1 ............................................. 37

TABLE 1.2: CAPACITY OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (BY CATEGORIES) ................................... 45

FIGURE 1.A: COUNTRIES WITH MORE THAN 100 PRISONERS PER 100 000 INHABITANTS (HIGHEST PRISON POPULATION RATES) ...................................................................................................................................... 50

FIGURE 1.B: COUNTRIES WITH PRISON POPULATION OVERCROWDING (MORE THAN 100 PRISONERS PER 100 PLACES) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50

TABLE 1.3: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPT. 2014: ADJUSTED FIGURES ....................................... 51

TABLE 1.4: SITUATION OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 BY DECREASING PRISON POPULATION RATES (NON-ADJUSTED VERSUS ADJUSTED FIGURES) ..................................................................................... 52

TABLE 1.5: EVOLUTION OF PRISON POPULATIONS BETWEEN 2005 AND 2014 ......................................................... 54

TABLE 1.6: YEAR-TO-YEAR PERCENTAGE CHANGE OF PRISON POPULATION RATES BETWEEN 2013 AND 2014 ....... 56

TABLE 2: AGE AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY ....................................................................................................... 58

TABLE 2.1.: MINORS AND PERSONS AGED 18 AND OVER ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ................................................. 59

TABLE 2.2: MINORS AMONG INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ............................................................................. 60

FIGURE 2: COUNTRIES WITH THE YOUNGEST (LESS THAN 34 YEARS) PRISON POPULATION CLASSIFIED BY DECREASING MEDIAN AGE ............................................................................................................................. 63

TABLE 2.3: AVERAGE AND MEDIAN AGES OF THE PRISON POPULATION ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 .......................... 63

TABLE 3.A: FEMALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ......................................................................................... 64

TABLE 3.B: MALE INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ............................................................................................. 67

TABLE 4: FOREIGN INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ............................................................................................ 70

TABLE 4.A: ASYLUM SEEKERS AND ILLEGAL ALIENS HELD FOR ADMINISTRATIVE REASONS AMONG FOREIGN

INMATES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ................................................................................................................. 72

TABLE 5: LEGAL STATUS OF PRISON POPULATIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS) ....................................... 75

TABLE 5.1: DANGEROUS OFFENDERS UNDER SECURITY MEASURES ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) ............................................................................................................................................... 81

TABLE 6: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS) ....... 84

TABLE 6.1: MAIN OFFENCE OF SENTENCED PRISONERS (FINAL SENTENCE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) ...................................................................................................................................................................... 85

TABLE 7: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS) 90



TABLE 7.1: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) .............................................................................................................................................. 96

TABLE 7.2: LENGTHS OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (CUMULATIVE PERCENTAGES) .......................................................................................................................... 97

TABLE 7.3: LENGTHS OF LESS THAN ONE YEAR OF SENTENCES IMPOSED (FINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) .................................................................................................................. 98

FIGURE 3: COUNTRIES WITH HIGHEST PERCENTAGES OF PRISONERS SENTENCED TO LESS THAN ONE YEAR ............ 99

TABLE 8: FLOW OF ENTRIES TO PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 .............................................................................. 101

TABLE 9: FLOW OF RELEASES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 ...................................................................... 105

TABLE 10: TURNOVER RATIO OF INMATES IN 2013 .............................................................................................. 111

FIGURE 4: COUNTRIES WITH LOWEST TURNOVER RATIOS IN 2013 ......................................................................... 112

TABLE 11.A: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2013, BASED ON THE TOTAL NUMBER OF DAYS SPENT IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ............................................................................................................ 113

TABLE 11.B: INDICATOR OF AVERAGE LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT IN 2013, BASED ON THE TOTAL STOCK OF INMATES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2013 .......................................................................... 116

TABLE 12: ESCAPES FROM PENAL INSTITUTIONS DURING 2013 ............................................................................. 117

TABLE 13: DEATHS IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 (BY TYPE OF REGISTERED DEATH) ....................................... 119

TABLE 13.1: SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 ........................................................................................ 121

TABLE 13.2: TYPES OF DEATHS AND SUICIDES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 ................................................... 122

TABLE 14: EXPENSES IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS IN 2013 (IN €) ................................................................................ 125

TABLE 14.A: CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN THE CALCULATION OF CUSTODIAL EXPENSES IN 2013, IN TABLE 14 ...... 127

TABLE 15: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS) ....................................................................................................................... 132

TABLE 15.1: STAFF WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) ................................................................................................................ 136

TABLE 15.2: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF FULL-TIME EQUIVALENTS (FTE) ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (PERCENTAGES) ........................................................................................................... 137

FIGURE 5: STAFF WORKING INSIDE PENAL INSTITUTIONS ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014, PERCENTAGES ...................... 138

TABLE 16: STAFF (FTE) WORKING IN PENAL INSTITUTIONS BUT NOT EMPLOYED BY THE PRISON ADMINISTRATION ON

1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 (NUMBERS AND PERCENTAGES) .................................................................................... 139

FIGURE 6: HIGHEST RATIOS OF INMATES PER ONE CUSTODIAN ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ...................................... 142

TABLE 17: RATIO OF INMATES PER CATEGORIES OF STAFF ON 1ST SEPTEMBER 2014 ............................................. 143

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Council of Europe Annual Penal StatisticsMarcelo F. Aebi Mélanie M. Tiago Christine Burkhardt...

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