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The Counseling Interview
www.humanikaconsulting.com
Chapter Summary
• Rationale for the Interview
• Preparing for the Counseling Interview
• Structuring the Interview
• Conducting the Interview
• Summary
Rationale for the Interview
• Uncover problems that may lead to work maladjustment
– Psychological problems
– Lack of education or training
• Help clients view themselves from a holistic perspective
– Career + personal connection
• Develop Goals
Preparing for the Counseling Interview
• Analyzing Self – Know yourself before
trying to help others know themselves.
– Good problem solvers may be poor counselors.
– Do not stray beyond your level of expertise.
Preparing for the Counseling Interview
• Analyzing the Interviewee – Be informed but keep an
open mind.
– Be aware of past, present, and future events.
– Be prepared for rejections of offers to counsel.
– Listen rather than talk.
Preparing for the Counseling Interview
• Selecting an Interviewing Approach
– Directive Approach
– Nondirective Approach
– Combination of Approaches
Preparing for the Counseling Interview
• Selecting the Setting – Do not underestimate the
importance of location and seating.
– A round table is a traditional arrangement for problem solving.
– Personal Characteristics of Helper: Genuineness, Being Nondogmatic, Being Accepting
– Nonverbal Behaviors: Posture, Tone of Voice, Eye Contact, Touch
Structuring the Interview
• The Opening – Initial Comments and Reactions
• Want to help and show it.
• Be tactful but not indifferent.
– Rapport and Orientation • Accept seemingly irrelevant opening comments.
• If you are uncomfortable, the interviewee will be uncomfortable.
Structuring the Interview
• The Opening
– Encouraging Self-Disclosure
• Self-disclosure varies from person to person.
– Work Within a Known Time Frame
Structuring the Interview
• The Body of the Interview – Feelings play central roles in counseling interviews.
– Counseling interviews rarely progress in an orderly manner.
– Enable the interviewee to relate the problem.
Structuring the Interview
The Use of Questions
• Open Vs. Closed Questions
• Direct Vs. Indirect Questions
• Use of “Why” Questions
Structuring the Interview
Giving Information, Advice, and Offering Alternatives
• Offering Alternatives: Suggests May Be a Number of Ways to Tackle Problem
• Information Giving: Offers the Client Valuable “Objective” Info
• Advice Giving: Suggests Helper May Hold the Solution (Least Helpful Response)
Structuring the Interview Confrontation: Support with
Challenge
• Giving Feedback Without Being Judgmental, Critical, or Aggressive
• One Good Method: Higher-level Empathic Response
• Another Method: Suggesting Alternatives
• Another Method: Pointing out Discrepancies (“You Say, But...”)
Structuring the Interview
Structuring the Interview
• Closing the Interview
– Involve the interviewee as an active participant in the closing.
– Decide which leave-taking means is most appropriate.
– Be sincere and honest in the ways you close interviews.
Structuring the Interview
• Evaluating the Interview
– Review all you did and did not do and accomplish.
– How prepared were you for this interaction?
– Which skills need more work? Preparation, structuring, interviewing, or counseling?
STRUCTURING THE INTERVIEW
• The Telephone Interview
– Advantages
• Inexpensive
• Convenient
• Preserves Anonymity
• Gives Sense of Control
– Disadvantages
• Possible Inconvenient Time
• Distractions
Conducting the Interview
• Listening
– Focus on the interviewee and the interviewee’s problem.
– Do not interrupt or take over the conversation.
Conducting the Interview
• Observing – Look for nonverbal
signals but interpret them cautiously.
– If you are taking notes, explain why.
– Note that deceptive answers may be lengthier, more hesitant, and characterized by long pauses.
Conducting the Interview
• Questioning
– Do not ask too many questions.
– Keep your questions open-ended.
– Phrase all questions with care.
Conducting the Interview
• Responding and Informing – Client-Centered Approach:
Focuses the interview on the interviewee.
– Highly Nondirective Reactions and Responses: Give control to the interviewee.
– Nondirective Reactions and Responses: Inform and encourage.
– Directive Reactions and Responses: Advise and evaluate but do not dictate.
– Highly Directive Reactions and Responses: Dictate strong advice and actions.
Conducting the Interview
• Responding and Informing: Tips – Responses are more nonverbal
than verbal.
– Silence has its limits.
– Use questions that force the interviewee to formulate answers and solutions.
– Use questions to determine what a person is not saying.
– A thoughtless comment or two can damage a relationship.
– Exhaust all less directive means before dictating action.
Conducting the Interview
Summary
• You take part in a counseling interview whenever you try to help a person gain insights into a problem.
• Preparation helps to determine how to listen, question, inform, explain, respond, and relate to each interviewee.
• Many suggestions but few rules apply to counseling interviews.
For Better INDONESIA