Counseling Skills 1. © 2007 Thomson Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning The Office-the...

Counseling Skills

1

© 2007 Thomson Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning

The Office-the importance of a first impression Do Box 5.1, p. 151

Nonverbal Behavior Posture, eye contact, tone of voice Personal space Touch ?

Counselor Qualities to Embrace Nine characteristics of the effective counselor from Chapter 1 Other?

Counselor Qualities to Avoid Demeaning, negative, blaming, and judgmental attitudes Other?

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Listening Good listening (see list bottom, p. 153 to top of

p. 154) Hindrances to listening

▪ Preconceived notions▪ Anticipating what client will say▪ Thinking about what to say▪ Personal issues of counselor▪ Strong emotional reactions to client content▪ Read Box 5.2, p. 154

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Preparing to Listen See List pp. 154-155

Empathy and Deep Understanding: A Special Kind of Listening

▪ Rogers definition:▪ “The state of empathy, or being empathic, is to

perceive the internal frame of reference of another with accuracy and with the emotional components and meanings which pertain thereto as if one were the person, but without ever losing the “as if” condition.”

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Empathy (Cont’d) Carkhuff Scale

▪ Figure 5.1, p. 155▪ Table 5.1, p 156

Silence ▪ Importance of▪ Length of time▪ Culturally determined

▪ Pause time

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Questions Open vs. Closed Tentative Solution-Focused Questions

Preferred goals questions Evaluative questions Coping questions Exception-seeking Questions Solution-focused questions

Why questions When to use questions and when to NOT use them

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Self-disclosure Content Self-disclosure

▪ Box 5.3, p. 163 Process Self-disclosure Guidelines for when to disclose (p. 162)

Modeling (social learning; imitation, behavioral rehearsal) To highlight clinical skills client can copy (e.g., empathy) Through role-playing certain ways of acting To teach the client about modeling and encourage him/her

to find a model to emulate Accurately identify desired behaviors you want to model

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Affirmation Giving General positive response to client behaviors

Encouragement Positive attitude toward client’s work toward goals

Affirmation and Encouragement can lead toward dependency

Offering Information Providing Alternatives Giving Advice

See Figure 5.2, p. 1648


Confrontation: Support, then Challenge NOT a hostile exchange Is a gentle way of helping client see discrepancy

in between values and actions Five ways to show client his/her discrepancies

▪ You/but statements▪ Asking client to justify discrepancy▪ Reframing▪ Using Irony or Satire▪ Higher-level empathic responses

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Collaboration Generally done during transition points in counseling

(between stages of the counseling relationship) Ways of doing it:

1.Use foundational skills to offer summary 2.Ask client how he/she feels about treatment3.Ask client about direction to take in treatment4.Share own thoughts about which areas might be

important to focus on 5.Have honest discussion concerning any

discrepancies between numbers 3 and 4 above

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NEED ADVANCED TRAINING

Some examples Use of metaphor Hypnosis Strategic skills Cognitive

Restructuring Narratives and

story-telling

NEED ADVANCED TRAINING

Some examples Therapeutic touch Paradoxical

intention Role Playing Visualization

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Allows counselor to understand client’s presenting problems apply appropriate counseling skills and treatment strategies based on the counselor’s theoretical orientation.

Inverted Heuristic Pyramid See Figure 5.3, p. 169

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Six Stages1.Rapport & trust building

▪ Professional Disclosure Statement2.Problem identification 3.Deepening understanding & goal setting 4.Work5.Closure6.Post-Interview Stage

Reciprocal Relationship of Theory, Skills, and Stages of the Relationship

See Figure 5.4, p. 174

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Importance of Case Notes Helpful in conceptualizing case Helpful when making a diagnosis Measure of our standard of care To measure progress Useful in supervision Needed by insurance companies, agencies and schools

Many different ways of writing case notes One popular method: S. O. A. P. Notes: see Table 5.2,

p. 176

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Apply Skills Cross-Culturally Many skills are helpful to many clients However, these same skills can be harmful to

some clients from certain cultures. Just as a few examples:▪ Native American client may be uncomfortable

with prolonged eye contact▪ Latin American clients are comfortable with

less personal space than others▪ Muslim client by consider being touched by the

left hand of the counselor Know differences in how clients will respond based

on culture15


Confidentiality and Privileged Communication Records should be kept confidential Licensed professionals usually have privileged

communication▪ Jaffee v. Redmond

Clients Rights to Records Clients have rights to records, except progress notes

▪ Freedom of Information Act of 1974▪ FERPA▪ HIPAA

Parents generally have right to children’s records Security: Keep passcode protected or in locked file cabinets

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Case Notes and Records (cont’d) Security of Records

▪ Verbal and written info needs to be kept confidential▪ Exceptions to confidentiality of records:

▪ Court subpoenas▪ Parents generally have right to see children’s records▪ If you obtain permission from clients to discuss records with other professionals

▪ Keep records password protected/in locked fields▪ Clerical help should no importance of confidentiality

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Specialized field in counseling now acknowledge by CACREP

Eight steps: Contact and Engagement Safety and Comfort Stabilization (if necessary) Information Gathering Practical Assistance Connections with Social Supports Information on Coping Linkage with Collaborative Services

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The Developmental Nature of Counseling Skills New skills take practice The better you get at them, the more you

realize you have to learn A lifelong process of skill development

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