Date post: | 07-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | omprakash-yadav |
View: | 316 times |
Download: | 1 times |
of 26
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
1/26
Unit 13 Dialogues - Some/Any
1.
Do you have any coffee?
No, I don't, but I've got some tea. Do you want some?
Yes, please.
Do you want a cookie too?
Sure, I love cookies.
-----
2.
I'm really hungry. Let's eat.
OK. I've got some chicken in the refridgerator, do you want some?
Yea, that sounds great.
I've also got some tacos in the cupboard, and there's an apple pie as well.
Do you have any juice?
Sure, it's over there. Help yourself.
-----
3.It's Mum's birthday next week. Let's get her a present.
OK. How about some perfume?
Well, she doesn't have any. She doesn't use it.
So how about some clothes or a watch?
That's a good idea, but I don't know her size.
Let's just buy a gift voucher. Then she can choose her own present.
Great idea!
--------
Key Vocabulary
any
coffee
sometea
I've got = I have
cookie
get
present
perfumeuse
watch
size
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
2/26
refridgerator
taco
cupboard
birthday
gift voucher
then
choose
Grammar
1. Quantifiers - Some / Any
Quantifiers are words that show how much there is of something - they show quantity. Numbers for
example are also quantifiers.
Some
Some is used to show an indefinite quantity, the exact number is not important. It is used in affirmative
statements, for example:
- I have some books.
- She wants some apples.
Some is also in questions, but only when you think the answer wil be "Yes". For example:
- Do you have some paper? (I hope the answer is "Yes")
- Would you like some french fries? ( I expect the anwer is "Yes")
Any
Any is used in negative statements. For example:
- I don't have any money.- There aren't any taxis near here.
Any is also generally used in questions, especially when we expect the answer to be "No". for example:
- Do you have any paper? (I expect the answer will probably be "No")
- Is there any time to go to the doctor's? ( I think there probably isn't time).
This can however look and sound awkward, so you can sometimes just use ' instead. For example with
names:
Thomas's book, Tess's house can also be Thomas' book, Tess' house.
Some and any are often used like articles for plural nouns.A/an is used for singular countable nouns, andsome/any can be used for plural noun, countable or uncountable. For example:
I have a newspaper, some newspapers, and some money.
"A newspaper" is a singular countable noun so uses a, "newspapers" is a plural countable nouns so uses
some, and money is an uncountable noun so also uses some.
-----
As always it seems complicated especially the first time, but when you use grammar rather than just read
about it it makes much more sense, and as you grow in experience and confidence you'll soon be learning
to use English grammar well. On with the exercises!
Unit 14 Dialogues - Much/Many/A Lot
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
3/26
1.
We need to go shopping.
I don't think so, we've got a lot of food here.
We don't have much milk or bread, and we don't have much water.
Oh, OK. Lets go shopping this evening.
-----
2.
How's your university?
It's great. I have lots of friends and there are a lot of great professors. I don't have much money, but that's
OK. Also I'm really busy these days, so I don't have much time.
Are you enjoying it?
Sure, it's going well.
-----
3.
How many students are in your class?
We don't have many students, just eight.
That's great! You can study a lot.
Right. And I can talk to the teacher a lot as well. That's good.
Do you have many friends in your class?
Yes, I go out with them a lot.
--------
Key Vocabulary
shoppingthink
a lot of
much
milk
bread
shopping
evening
new
universityfriends
professors
busy
these days
class
many
right
go out
Grammar
1. Quantifiers - Much / Many / A Lot of
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
4/26
Quantifiers are words that show how much there is of something - they show quantity.Much, many, and a
lot ofindicate a large quantity of something, for example "I have a lot of milk" means I have a large
quantity of milk.
Much
Much is used with uncountable nouns, and is generally used in negative statements and questions. It's
uncommon to use much in positive statements. For example:
- I don't have much money.
- Do you have much time?
- "I have much time." This sounds unusual.
Many
Many is used with plural countable nouns, and is often used in negative statements and questions. It is also
used in positive statements however. For example:
- I don't have many apples.
- Do you have many friends?
- Many people come here in summer.
Much and many can be used in affirmative statements, but give a more formal meaning. For example:
- He has many good friends from Harvard University.
Much and many often appear in short answers. For example:
- Do you see your family much?
- No, not much.
A lot of
A lot ofis used with uncountable and countable nouns, and is generally used for affirmative statements. Forexample:
- I have a lot of friends.
- I have a lot of time.
A lot ofis also used in questions, especially when you expect a positive response. Although it is often said
that much and many are used for questions, we usually use them for questions which expect a negative
response. For example:
- Do you want a lot of pizza?
I expect you want to eat a lot.
- Do you want much pizza?
This sounds unusual, as though I expect you don't want to eat much.
Lots ofcan be used in the same way as a lot of, often in informal speech. For example:
- I have lots of time.
- I have a lot of time.
How much / many?
How much is used to ask about the price of something. For example:
- How much is it?
- How much is that dog in the window?
How much andHow many are used to ask about quantity. For example:
- How much money do you have?
- How many apples does he have?
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
5/26
-----
1.
How's your job going?
It's great, now I save a little money every month.
That's great. These days I can save little money, my apartment is expensive.
Oh, that's too bad.
-----
2.
Are there any bookstores near here?
Not really, there are few bookstores near here.
So how do I buy books?
There are a few bookstores in the center of town. Let's go together this afternoon.
Thanks, that sounds great.
-----
3.
Do you like coffee?
No, I drink little coffee, it doesn't taste very good.
How about tea?
Sure, I often drink a little tea.
Do you want some?
Yes, please!
--------
Key Vocabulary
job
a little
money
every
month
save
apartment
expensive
bad
bookstore
few
near
buy
center
town
afternoon
taste
drink
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
6/26
Grammar
1. Quantifiers - Few / Little / A Few / A Little
THese quantifiers are used to show a small quantity of something, for example "I have a few books" means
I have a small quantity of books.
A Few
A few is used with countable nouns to show a small quantity. It is used in affirmative statements, but not
negatives. We generally use any or questions. For example:
- I have a few books.
- I don't have a few books
This is incorrect.
- I don't have any books
This is correct.
- Do you have a few books?
Sometimes this is possibe, but generally speaking we use any for questions, for example "Do you have any
books?"
Few
There is an important difference between a few andfew. Few without a is used to mean we don't have
enough of something. For example:
- She has few apples in the refridgerator. (She doesn't have enough apples).
- She has a few apples in the refridgerator. (She has a small quantity of apples)
Put another way, "a few" means "a small quantity", but "few" means "not a big quantity" For example:
- A few friends came to my party. This is a positive idea, I'm happy a few people came./
- Few friends came to my party. This is a negative idea, I'm not happy because not many people came.Notice how "a few" focuses on how many people did come, but "few" focuses on how many didn't come.
In sum, A few means a small quantity - few means not a big quantity
A Little
A little is used with uncountable nouns to show a small quantity. Again, it is generally used in affirmative
statements, not negatives or questions. For example:
- I have a little orange juice.
Negatives and Questions use "any" as usual.
- I don't have a little orange juice.This is incorrect.
- I don't have any orange juice.
This is correct
- Do you have a little orange juice?
Again, we generally use any for questions, for example "Do you have any orange juice?"
Little
As withfew, there is also the same difference between a little and little.Little without a is used to mean we
don't have enough of something. For example:
- She has little for breakfast. (She doesn't eat enough for breakfast).
- She has a little for breakfast. (She has a small quantity of food for breakfast).
-----
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
7/26
Now try some exercises withfew, a few, little, and a little!
Unit 16 Dialogues - Possessives
1.Whose watch is this?
Oh, it's mine.
And whose pen is this?
It's Tim's, I think.
-----
2.
Whose CDs are these?
They're mine. Do you like them?
Sure, I've got the same CDs at home.
-----
3.
Who lives in that house?
Oh, that's the Jones' house. This is our house.
Your house is really nice.
Thanks.
Is this your car?
No that's not mine, it's my neighbor's. This is mine.
--------
Key Vocabulary
whosewatch
mine
these
CD
mine
sameJones - a common family name
our
nice
neighbor
Grammar
1. Possessives
Possessives show who or what something belongs to - they show possession.
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
8/26
Most nouns can be made possessive simply by adding 's. For example:
- The restaurant's food is very good.
- David Beckham's right foot is excellent.
- You can eat an apple's skin.
If the noun is plural and ends in "s", you add just '. For example:
girls is plural and ends in "s" so:'
- The girls' books are interesting. (The girls's books are interesting)
children is plural but doesn't end in "s" so we just add 's as normal:
- The children's boks are interesting.
boss ends in "s" but is not plural, so again just add 's.
- The boss's office is very big.
This can however look and sound awkward, so you can sometimes just use ' instead. For example with
names:
Thomas's book, Tess's house can also be Thomas' book, Tess' house.
The basic rule is; if the noun is plural and ends in "s" add ' - otherwise just add 's.
2. Possessive Adjectives
Here are the possessive adjectives with example sentences. Notice that possessive adjectives come before
the noun.
Possessive Adjective
My
Your (singular)
HerHis
Our
Your (plural)
Their
Its
Uncountable
This is my book
Your car looks great.
Her watch is expensive.His house is on Chamber Street.
Our dog is cute.
Your friends are nice.
This is their ball.
The cat likes its food.
3. Possessive Pronouns
Here are the possessive pronouns with example sentences. Notice they nevercome before nouns.
Possessive Pronoun
My
Your (singular)
Her
His
Our
Your (plural)
Their
Its
Uncountable
This book is mine.
That car is yours.
Theexpensive watch is hers.
The house onChamber Street is his.
The cute dog is ours.
Those friends are yours.
This ball is theirs.
--
There is no possessive pronoun for its, so you cannot say "The book is its". Also possessive pronouns often
come at the end of sentences and are usually stressed. "This is my book" can be have a fairly factual
meaning, but "This book is mine" stresses more strongly whose book it is.
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
9/26
Now try and put it all into practice!
Unit 17 Dialogues - There is / There are
1.Tyler, do you like London?
Sure, there are lots of restaurants and shops, and there's a lot of beautiful parks and museums as well.
I really want to live there.
Me too!
-----
2.
Hey, this is a great apartment.
Thanks. There's a lot of space, and there are some really nice neighbors as well.
Are there any stores near here?
Sure, there is a supermarket near here.
You have a great view!
Right. There's only one problem.
What's that?
It's really expensive!
-----
3.
Is there any pizza?
No we don't have any, sorry.
Well, are there any apples?
Er, yes, there's some in the kitchen. Help yourself.
--------
Key Vocabulary
there are
restaurant
shop
there isbeautiful
park
museum
space
near
nearby
viewproblem
expensive
pizza
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
10/26
there
live
apartment
sorry
kitchen
help yourself
Grammar
1. There is / there are
"There" is a kind of pronoun used to show something you know exists.
Compare these two sentences:
- "A fly is in my soup."
- "There is a fly in my soup!"
The first sentence is factual and impersonal. The fly is the subject, and the soup is the object. In the second
sentence the object is "a fly in my soup", so the subject is "There". "There" functions as a kind of dummy
subject that represents a more personal perspective, rather than a factual statement.
Especially in spoken English we usually use the contraction "there's", rather than "there is".
Here are the forms of "there" in the Simple Present.
Statements
There's a tree in my garden.
There are books on the desk.
Negatives
There isn't a computer in my bedroom.
There aren't any cinemas here.
Questions
Is there a restaurant here?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn't
There is usually subject-verb agreement when using there is/there are. For example:
- There are ten students in my class.
- There is ten students in my class.
Sometimes however we can use "there is" with compound subjects, for example:
There's a bank and a post office near my house.
Unit 18 Dialogues - Can / Can't
1.Can you play the piano?
Yes, a little. How about you?
No I can't, but I can play the guitar.
-----
2.
Can you cook?
Not really. I can make toast and pasta, that's all.
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
11/26
Everyone can make toast!
Well, can you cook?
Yes, I can. I can cook delicious fish and chicken.
Wow, that's great.
-----
3.
So what can you do?
I can draw, and I can paint really well too. I can also speak English and Korean. How about you?
I can play chess and I can write computer programs. I can also speak English and Spanish.
Excellent!
--------
Key Vocabulary
can
play
piano
can't
guitar
cook
delicious
fish
wow
draw
paint
Korean
chess
write
computer
computer program
Spanish
excellent
Grammar
1. Can
Can is a kind of auixiliary verb called a modal verb. Modal verbs express a particuilar character or mood of
a verb.
Ability
Can is often used to show ability. For example: "We can speak English", or "He can sing well."
Here are the Simple Present forms ofcan for ability.
Statements
I can play the piano.
She can drive a car.
Negatives
Questions
Can you play the piano?
Can she drive a car?
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
12/26
I cannot play the piano.
She cannot drive a car.
Contractions
Cannot and can't are the same: eg.
- I cannotcook well.
- I can'tcook well.Can'tis much more common in spoken English.
Permission
Can is also used to show permission. For example: "You can go home after class". Here are the Simple
Present forms ofcan for permission.
Statements
You can meet her tommorrow. - (You have
permission to meet her).
Negatives
She can't come to our house. - (She doesn't have
permisson to visit us).
Questions
Can we go to the movies? - (Please give us
permission to watch a movie).
This Unit is relatively straightforward, so on to the exercises!
Unit 19 Dialogues - Have / Have got
1.What have you got?
I've got a new jacket. How about you?
I've got a some new T-shirts.
-----
2.
What do your friends look like?
Greg's got brown hair, glasses and he's really tall. Cindy's got blond hair, blue eyes and she's slim.
Let's meet them together!
-----
3.
I've got a new apartment.
That's great! What's it like?
Well, it's got two bedrooms, a big living room and a bathroom.
Has it got a nice view?
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
13/26
Sure, you can see the ocean from my window.
That's excellent.
--------
Key Vocabulary
have
have got
jacket
T-shirt
look like
Greg - a boy's name
brown
hair
glasses
Cindy - a girl's name
blond
blue
eyes
slim
meet
bedroom
living room
bathroom
view
ocean
window
Grammar
1. Have - have got
"Have" and "have got" are both used to show possession. For example: "I have a pen", and "I have got a
pen" have the same meaning. Here are the main points when choosing which one to use.
Have
The Simple Present forms ofhave are as follows.
Singular
Affirmative
I have a pen
You have a pen
She has a penHe has a pen
It has a pen
Negative
I do not have a pen = I don't have a pen
You do not have a pen = You don't have a pen
She does not have a pen = She doesn't have a pen
He does not have a pen = He doesn't have a pen
It does not have a pen = It doesn't have a pen
Questions
Do I have a pen?
Plural
Affirmative
We have a pen
You have a pen
They have a pen
Negative
We do not have a pen = We don't have a pen
You do not have a pen = You don't have a pen
They do not have a pen = They don't have a pen
Questions
Do we have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
14/26
Do you have a pen?
Does she has a pen?
Does he has a pen?
Does it have a pen?
Do they have a pen?
You make questions with have as normal by using the auxiliary verb "to do". For example:
- Statement: You have a pen.
- Question: Do you have a pen?- Have you a pen? This is generally incorrect, although occasionally found in British English.
The verb have is often contracted in English, but when have is used for possession you cannot use a
contraction, you should use have gotinstead (see below). For example:
- I've a pen, He's a pen. These are incorrect.
Do notand does notcan of course still be contracted to don't and doesn't. For example:
- He doesn't have a pen = He does not have a pen.
The Simple Present forms ofhave gotare as follows.
Have got
Singular
Affirmative
I have got a pen = I've got a pen
You have got a pen = You've got a pen
She has got a pen = She's got a pen
He has got a pen = He's got a pen
It has got a pen = It's got a pen
Negative
I have not got a pen = I haven't got a pen
You have not got a pen = You haven't got a pen
She has not got a pen = She hasn't got a pen
He has not got a pen = He hasn't got a pen
It has not got a pen = It hasn't got a pen
Questions
Have I got a pen?
Have you got a pen?
Has he got a pen?
Has she got a pen?
Has it got a pen?
Plural
We have got a pen = We've got a pen
You have got a pen = You've got a pen
They have got a pen = They've got a pen
We have not got a pen = We haven't got a pen
You have not got a pen = You haven't got a pen
They have not got a pen = They haven't got a pen
Have we got a pen?
Have you got a pen?
Have they got a pen?
Affirmative statements can contract have got, for example:
- I have got some food = I've got some food.
- He has got some food = He's got some food.
Negatives contract as follows:
- I haven't got any food = I have not got any food.
- She hasn't got any food = She has not got any food.
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
15/26
-----
Have gotis a slightly unusual form because it is a perfect tense form, something which we haven't learnt
yet and which will be covered later. Also, remember that the verb have is used in many ways, but the
above is only for its use for possession. The lists above may seem rather laborious, but you will quickly
learn to use these verbs when you apply them to some real English usage.
So, on to the exercises!
Grammar
1. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that conjoin things - they connect sentences and parts of a sentence. This unit deals
with five conjunctions: and, but, or, so and because.
And
And is oftne used to join nouns, for example:- I like spaghetti and pizza.
And is also used to show time sequence, for example:
- I ate spaghetti for lunch and pizza for dinner.
But
But is used to show an exception or conflict. For example:
- I like spaghetti, but I don't like hamburgers.
Or
Or is used to show choice, for example:
- You can eat spaghetti or pizza for dinner.
So
So is used to show the result of something. For example:
- I like all Italian food, so I like pizza.
So can also be used give additional information, for example:
- I like Italian food, and so does my brother.
Because
Because is used to show the cause of something. For example:
- I eat a lot of pizza because I like it.
- I study English because I want a good job.
-----
There are many other specific usages of the above conjunctions, but they usually center around the main
concepts outlined here. Now try using some conjunctions with the follwoing exercises.
Unit 21 Dialogues - Imperatives
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
16/26
1.
Be careful!
Why? What's wrong?
You're standing on my foot.
Oh, sorry.
-----
2.
Hello everybody. Please sit down and open your books.
Teacher, let's play a game!
No, today we study. Open your books, and let's start!
-----
3.
Tyler, the kitchen is really dirty!
Yea, I know.
So do the dishes now! And vacuum the floor!
Why don't you do it?
I do it every day - now it's your turn.
Oh, OK. You're right, it's my turn.
Thanks.
Your welcome.
--------
Key Vocabulary
be
careful
standing
foot
everybody
sit down
open
game
today
start
dirty
dishes
vacuum
floor
every day
turn
Grammar
1. Imperatives
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
17/26
Imperatives are used to give orders or suggestions. For example: "Come here!" or "Have a cookie".
Imperatives almost always have no subject, and the second person is usually implied as the subject instead.
For example "Come here!" implies the subject "(you) Come here!".
Here are some of the situations you can use imperatives.
Orders
Close the door! - Stand up! - Sit down! - Open your books!
Instructions
To make a cup of coffee:
- Boil some water
- Put some coffee in a cup
- Add some water
- Drink the coffee.
Directions
To go to the bank
Turn left at Orchard Street, and then go straight.
Offers and Invitations
- Have some tea
- Come over to our house sometime.
Let's
The verb letis often used as an imperative to give strong suggestions.Let's is a contraction oflet us. For
example:
- Let's go home!
- Let's watch a movie!
-----
Unit 22 Dialogues - Present Continuous
1.What are you doing?
I'm studying English. What are you doing?
I'm making some food. Do you want some?
Sure!
-----
2.Right now I'm working at home. My friend is talking on the 'phone and my sister is studying Spanish. She
wants to be a businesswoman, so she's learning a new language. I usually work at the office, but today I'm
working at home. It's great fun!
-----
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
18/26
3.
How's Sarah?
She's fine. She's living in Chicago now.
Really!
Yes, and she's working as a fashion designer.
That's great. Is she having a good time?
Yes, she's doing really well.
--------
Key Vocabulary
make
foodtalk
'phone
sister
businesswoman
learn
language
usuallyoffice
fun
Sarah - a girl's name
Chicago
fashion designer
Grammar
1. Present Continuous
The Present Continuous is used for actions that are happening around the present time. For example, "I am
studying English" means that I am in the process of studying English now.
Form
The Present Continuous is formed by adding the verb "to be" and the -ing form
Singular
Affirmative
I am studying
You are studying
She is studying
He is studying
It is studying
Negative
I am not studying
You are not studying
She is not studying
He is not studying
Plural
Affirmative
We are studying
You are studying
They are studying
Negative
We do not have a pen = We don't have a pen
You do not have a pen = You don't have a pen
They do not have a pen = They don't have a pen
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
19/26
It is not studying
Questions
Do I have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
Does she has a pen?
Does he has a pen?
Does it have a pen?
Questions
Do we have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
Do they have a pen?
For negatives we simply add not after the auxilary verb "to be", for example:
- I am playing - I am not playing.
For questions we invert the subject and auxiliary verb to be, for example:
- You are playing - Are you playing?
Usage
The Present Continuous is used for actions happening at the present time. For example:- We are studying English.
- You are using a computer.
The Present Continuous is also used for processes happening around the present time. For example:
- It is raining today.
- I am working in Paris this month.- The world is turning.
The time period of the first sentence is today, the second sentence one month, and the third sentence
forever, but all of these sentences are about processes that happen around the present. They started before
the present, are happening now, and will continue after the present. This is a key idea of the Present
Continuous.
The Present Continuous is also used for repeated actions or habits. Such repetition is seen as one
continuing process. For example:
- I am getting up early this week.
Obviously I'm not getting up just one time for a whole week, but during one week I will get up early every
day, so this can be seen as one process.
The Present Continuous is also used for future arrangements at a particular time. For example:
- I'm going to Rome at 10.30 tomorrow.
- She's coming to my apartment this evening.
Spelling
To make the -ing form, also known as the present participle, we usually add -ing to the verb. For example:
- study - studying
- eat - eating
- jump - jumping
For verbs ending in -e, we leave out the -e and add -ing. For example:
- write - writing: not writeing
- skat - skating: not skateing.
For verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant, we usually double the last consonant and add -ing. For
example:
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
20/26
- run - running: not runing
- cut - cutting: not cuting
For verbs ending in -ie we change the -ie to -y and add -ing. For example:
- lie - lying: not lieing
-----
Try these exercises using the Present Continuous.
Unit 23 Dialogues - Adverbs of Frequency
1.What do you do at the weekend?
I always go out on Saturday. Sometimes I go to a restaurant, and sometimes I watch a movie. I never go to
concerts, but I often go to my friend's house. I always have a good time!
-----
2.
What kind of person are you?
Well, I'm friendly and outgoing, and I'm usually very happy. I don't often complain, and I never shout or
get really angry. How about you?
I'm friendly too, and I'm a little shy.
I'm always happy, but sometimes I'm very busy. I always try to have a happy face.
Me too!-----
3.
What are some customs in your country?
We always bow to people we meet, and we never joke about people's names.
That's good. Here we never ask about people's salary, it 's rude. Also we usually aren't late for meetings.
That's good too!
--------
Key Vocabulary
weekend
always
sometimes
watch
movie
neverconcert
often
what kind
get angry
shy
busy
face
custom
countrybow
people
meet
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
21/26
person
friendly
outgoing
usually
complain
shout
joke
salary
rude
late
meeting
Grammar
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency show how often something happens. For example: "I always brush my teeth" means
I brush my teeth every day.
Here are some common adverbs of frequency.
Adverb
Always - He always eats breakfast.
Usually - He usually eats breakfast.
Often - He often eats breakfast.
Sometimes - He sometimes eats breakfast.
Never - He never eats breakfast.
For infrequent events we can use:
Don't usually - He doesn't usually eat breakfast.
Frequency
100%
80%
60%
40%-50%
0%
20%
Affirmative/Negative Frequency Adverbs
Affirmative frequency adverbs can be made negative, for example:
- I don't always eat rice for breakfast.
- He doesn't usually come home late.
Negative frequency adverbs can't be made negative: for example:
- I don't never eat rice for breakfast - This is incorrect
Adverb Position
Adverb position varies greatly in English. However as a general rule, adverbs of frequency come before
the main verb. For example:
These are correct: "sometimes" comes before the main verb "play"
- We sometimes play sports.
- We don't often play sports.
These are incorrect:
- We play sometimes sports.
- We don't play often sports.
Other positions are also possible, for example:
- We play sports sometimes.
Here the adverb is in the end position.
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
22/26
- Sometimes we come home late.
The beginning positon is possible, especially when adding emphasis.
-----
Unit 24 Dialogues - Prepositions of Time
1.What are you doing at the weekend?
On Saturday I'm meeting my friends at 2.00, and in the evening I'm watching a movie. On Sunday I'm not
busy, so maybe we can go out together.
That sounds great!
-----
2.
I'm so busy these days!
How come?
I get up at 6.30 in the morning, and I finish work at 8.00 in the evening. It's a really long day.
You're so busy!
I know. My boss wants our project finished in March, so we're working really hard.
I think you need a holiday.
Well, in the summer I have three weeks holiday. I can't wait!-----
3.
Hello, this is doctor Watson's clinic. How can I help you?
Hello, this is Tyler Saunders. I'd like to make an appointment.
OK, Mr. Saunders. How about on Tuesday at 3.30?
I'm busy all day on Tuesday. Is Friday OK?
Well, the doctor can see you in the morning at 9.30.
9.30 on Friday is fine.
Very good, Mr Saunders. We look forward to seeing you.
Thankyou, good bye.
Goodbye.
--------
Key Vocabulary
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
23/26
evening
maybe
how come
finish
long
know
boss
projectMarch
holiday
summer
weeks
wait
clinic
appointment
Tuesday
Friday
>> - Next Page - Grammar - >>
Grammar
Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of time show the time something happens. For example: "I get up at 7.00" shows the time I
get up.
Some of the most common prepositions of time are: in, on, at, from, to.
In
In is used for morning, afternoon, and evening. For example:
- I study Japanese in the afternoon.
- He gets up early in the morning.
In is also used for other periods of time, including months, seasons, years, centuries, and ages. For
example:
- My birthday is in March.
- The Portuguese came to Japan in 1542.
- Flowers grow in spring.
On
On is almost always used for some kind of day. For example:
- My birthday is on March 29th.
- I go to church on Sunday.- We visit my family on New Year's Day.
Compare: He gets up early in the morning.
But: He gets up early onMonday morning.
At
Atis used for a particular time. For example:
- I study Spanish at 2.00.
- He gets up at 7.30.
- I come home at lunchtime.
Atis also used for used for night.
Compare: I sleep in the afternoon.
But: I sleep at night.
http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit24_grammar.htmhttp://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit24_grammar.htmhttp://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit24_grammar.htm8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
24/26
From - to
From and to are used to show the start and end of a defined period of time. For example:
- I work from 9.00 to 5.00.
- Our vacation is from January 5th to February 1st.
-----
Unit 25 Dialogues - Comparatives / Superlatives
1.How's the weather in your country?
The summer is much hotter than here, and the winter is also much colder. The best time is spring, it's
beautiful!
-----
2.
Which restaurant do you like?
Bella Rosa is good, they've got good food but it's expensive. McDonalds is cheaper, but it's really
unhealthy. I think the Vietnamese restaurant is the best, it's the cheapest, the healthiest, and the most
delicious!
-----
3.
How's your English going?
Oh, it's much better these days. It's easier than before, and I know more words and I can speak more
confidently. It's great.
I'm really glad to hear it. Keep up the great work!
Key Vocabulary
weather
country
summer
hotter
colderbest
expensive
cheaper
unhealthy
Vietnamese
cheapest
healthiest
most delicious
better
these dayseasier
before
know
words
more confidently
Grammar
Comparatives and Superlatives
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
25/26
Comparatives show more or less of a particular attribute, they compare things. Comparatives are generally
used for comparing two things, and superlatives are used for comparing three or more things.
If it's clear what we are comparing to, then we can just use the comparative form on its own. For example:
- I am faster.
- She is older.
Otherwise we use than before the thing we are comparing to. For example:
I am faster than John.
She is taller than me.
Superlative forms don't use than and are always preceded by the definite article the. For example:
- I am the tallest student in my school.
Comparatives
-----
One-Syllable Adjectives
To make a comparative from an adjective with one syllable, we add -er to the adjective, for example:- slow - slower
- fast - faster
- tall - taller
- short - shorter
To make a comparative from a one syllable adjective ending in -e, we just add -r. For example:
- nice - nicer
- large - larger
If the one syllable adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the consonant. For example:
- big - bigger- hot - hotter
- thin - thinner
Two-Syllable Adjectives
If the adjective has two or more syllables, we add more before the adjective.
For example:
This book is more expensive than that book.
This picture is more beautiful.
However there are many exceptions to this one/two-sylllable rule.Some two-syllable words behave like one-syllable ones: For example:
This is easier - Correct
This is more easy - Incorrect.
This is simpler - Correct
This is more simple - Incorrect
And some adjectives can use both comparatives forms: For example
- clever - cleverer - more clever: These are all correct.
- quiet - quieter - more quiet: These are all correct.
Exceptions cannot be learnt through rules, the best way to learn them is simply to pick them up case by
case.
Superlatives
-----
8/4/2019 Course 2 - Elementary
26/26
One-Syllable Adjectives
To make a superlative from an adjective with one syllable, we add -est to the adjective, for example:
- slow - slowest
- fast - fastest
- tall - tallestr
- short - shortest
To make a superlative from a one syllable adjective ending in -e, we just add -st. For example:
- nice - nicest
- large - largest
If the one syllable adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the consonant. For example:
- big - biggest
- hot - hottest
- thin - thinnest
Two-Syllable Adjectives
If the adjective has two or more syllables, we add mostbefore the adjective.
For example:
This book is the most expensive book.
This picture is the most beautiful picture in the museum.
Irregular Forms
There are a few irregular forms. Below gives the adjective, comparative, and superlative forms.
good - better - best
bad - worse - worst
far - farther - farthestfar - further - furthest
little - less - least
much/many - more - most
For example:
You are the best student in the world!
I am far from home, he is further from home, but he is the furthest from home.
-----
As usual, what looks complicated in a list of rules will become simpler with practice and experience. Goodluck!
Click below for exercises using comparatives and superlatives.