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• Course book. Goldstein. Sensation and Perception• exams•two mid-terms 1½ hours each•multiple choice + short notes•end-of-term 2-3 hours•30%; 30% and 40% (best counted as 40%)
• if not registered, go to office• TA = Adria Hoover• Room: 1022 Sherman Health Research Centre• Office Hrs: by appointment• Phone: 416-736-2100 ext 4088• Email: [email protected]
• Instructor = Prof Laurence Harris• Room: 1018 Sherman Health Research Centre• email: [email protected]• phone: 416-736-2100 ext 66108
• feel free to interrupt with questions• use of web page and email http://www.yorku.ca/harris/2220
Timetable for 2220 (2011)
1 Jan 4 <-- intro2 Jan 113 Jan 184 Jan 255 Feb 1 <-- midterm 16 Feb 87 Feb 15
Feb 22 reading week8 March 19 March 8 <-- midterm 210 March 1511 March 2212 March 29
TBA <-- Final exam
FIELDS CALLED UPON IN THIS COURSE
Natural HistoryArtBiologyMedicinePhilosophyPhysicsNeuroscienceAnatomyBiochemistry
ELECTRO-MAGNETICRADIATION
MECHANICAL
CHEMICAL
(X-rays…)Ultra-violetvisible lightinfra-red(radio waves..)
airwaves Ultra-soundhearing rangevery-low freqs
From outside
From inside
In mouth
From same species
From outside
From inside
some insectshuman visionpit viper
bats, dophins, ratshuman hearingwhales, frogs
touch, pain
Lateral line of fishesvestibular organproprioception
pheromones, smell
smell
taste
pressure
In air
Bee’s view of a flower – markings visible only because different parts of the petal
reflect ultra-violet rays differently.
Eyemovements
Point eyesto rightplace
Accommodation
focus
PupilsLight
Adaptation
Adjust for the lightlevel
Transduction
Convertlight energyto activityin cells
ACCOMMODATIONfine tuning of focus by the lens
REMEMBER: mostof the refractionoccurs here at theCORNEA
DISTANTOBJECT
CLOSE
OBJECT
eg. star
The eye and its optics 4 - 4
SHORT SIGHTED
DISTANTOBJECTeg. star
Even the relaxed lens is too strong. The rays arefocused in front of the retina!
DISTANTOBJECT
eg. star
The CONCAVE lens makes the rays DIVERGE, thuscompensating for the unwanted strength of the eye's optics.
The eye and its optics 4 - 5
(Myopia)
LONG SIGHTED
The fully-contracted lens cannot get strong enough. Therays are focused behind the retina!
The CONVEX lens helps the rays CONVERGE, thusassisting the inadequate strength of the eye's optics.
CLOSE
OBJECT
CLOSE
OBJECT
The eye and its optics 4 - 6
(Hyperopia)
Lens in the eye of aWATER-LIVINGanimal
Most of the refractiontakes place at theair/water boundary ofthe CORNEA in theair
No refraction takes placeat the water/waterboundary of the CORNEAin the water
Lens in the eye ofan AIR-LIVINGanimal
AIR LIVING WATER LIVING
1 put on a mask that keeps air in front of cornea
2 rely on a STRONG lens that can change from air-living to water living eg: otter
3 Have a FLAT cornea (to remove its influence) and then use a WATER-LIVING style lens eg. Penguin, flying fish
4 Have two pairs of eyes - one for each environment eg. Four-eyed fish
5 Use a WATER-LIVING style lens in the water and bi-pass the cornea by using a PIN HOLE pupil on land eg. seal
DIVING ANIMALS
Air Type
Water Type