course204_objectives (1).ppt

8/14/2019 course204_objectives (1).ppt

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Objectives Course No. 204Machinery and Machine Guarding

Standards Course

Identify basic machinery terms

Identify common machines found

within a broad spectrum of industries Identify hazards that occur in or on

machinery

Select the appropriate OSHASTANDARD that applies to a hazard

Present options to achieveabatement


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The point of operation: that point where work isperformed on the material, such as cutting, shaping,boring, or forming of stock.

Power transmission apparatus: all components

of the mechanical system which transmit energy tothe part of the machine performing the work. Thesecomponents include flywheels, pulleys, belts,connecting rods, couplings, cams, spindles, chains,cranks, and gears.

Other moving parts: all parts of the machinewhich move while the machine is working. These caninclude reciprocating, rotating, and transverse movingparts, as well as feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts

of the machine.

Dangerous moving parts in these three basicareas need safeguarding:


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Rotating pulley

Rotating shaft

Rotating coupling

Burr

Hazardous Rotating Motion


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Rotating (including in-running nip points)


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Hazardous Transverse Motion


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What must a safeguarddo to protect workers against

mechanical hazards?


8/2008

Prevent contact:

The safeguard must prevent hands, arms, or any part of a worker's bodyor clothing from making contact with dangerous moving parts. A good

safeguarding system eliminates the possibility of the operator or other

workers placing parts of their bodies near hazardous moving parts.

Secure:

Workers should not be able to easily remove or tamper with the

safeguard, because a safeguard that can easily be made ineffective is no

safeguard at all. Guards and safety devices should be made of durable

material that will withstand the conditions of normal use. They must be

firmly secured to the machine.

Protect from falling objects: The safeguard should ensure that no objects can fall into moving parts.

A small tool which is dropped into a cycling machine could easily

become a projectile that could strike and injure someone.


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Create no new hazards: A safeguard defeats its own purpose if it creates a hazard of its own

such as a shear point, a jagged edge, or an unfinished surface whichcan cause a laceration. The edges of guards, for instance, should be

rolled or bolted in such a way that they eliminate sharp edges.

Create no interference:

Any safeguard which impedes a worker from performing the jobquickly and comfortably might soon be overridden or disregarded.

Proper safeguarding can actually enhance efficiency since it can

relieve the worker's apprehensions about injury.

Allow safe lubrication: If possible, one should be able to lubricate the machine without

removing the safeguards. Locating oil reservoirs outside the guard,

with a line leading to the lubrication point, will reduce the need for

the operator or maintenance worker to enter the hazardous area.


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Machine SafeguardingClassifications


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Guards

Fixed Interlocked

Adjustable

Self-adjusting

Devices Presence Sensing

Photoelectric(optical)

Radiofrequency(capacitance)

Electromechanical

Pullback

Restraint

Safety Controls

Safety tripcontrol

Pressure-sensitivebody bar

Safety tripod

Safetytripwire cable

Two-hand

control Two-hand trip

Gates

Interlocked

Other

Machine Safeguarding Classifications


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Advantages

Can be constructed to suit manyspecific applications

In-plant construction is oftenpossible

Can provide maximum protection

Usually requires minimum

maintenance Can be suitable to high

production, repetitive operations

Limitations May interfere with visibility

Can be limited to specificoperations

Machine adjustment and repairoften require its removal, therebynecessitating other means ofprotection for maintenancepersonnel

Fixed Guards - Provides a barrier


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Fixed point of operation guard


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Safeguarding Action

Shuts off or disengages power and

prevents starting of machine when

guard is open; should require the

machine to be stopped before the

worker can reach into the danger

area

Advantages

Can provide maximum protection

Allows access to machine for

removing jams without time-

consuming removal of fixed guardsLimitations

Requires careful adjustment and

maintenance

May be easy to disengage

Interlocked


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Safeguarding Action Provides a barrier which may be

adjusted to facilitate a variety ofproduction operations

Advantages Can be constructed to suit many

specific applications

Can be adjusted to admit varyingsizes of stock

Limitations Hand may enter danger area -

protection may not be complete atall times

May require frequent maintenanceand/or adjustment

The guard may be made ineffectiveby the operator

May interfere with visibility

Adjustable


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Safeguarding Action

Provides a barrier which movesaccording to the size of the stock

entering danger area

Advantages

Off-the-shelf guards are often

commercially available

Limitations

Does not always provide

maximum protection

May interfere with visibility May require frequent maintenance

and adjustment

Self-Adjusting


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Safety Devices Stop the machine if a hand or any part of the

body is inadvertently placed in the danger area;

Restrain or withdraw the operator's hands fromthe danger area during operation;

Require the operator to use both hands on

machine controls, thus keeping both hands and

body out of danger; or Provide a barrier which is synchronized with the

operating cycle of the machine in order to prevent

entry to the danger area during the hazardous

part of the cycle.


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Safeguarding Action Machine will not start cycling when

the light field is interrupted When the light field is broken by any

part of the operator's body during thecycling process, immediate machinebraking is activated

Advantages

Can allow freer movement foroperator; simplicity of use; noadjustments required

Limitations Does not protect against mechanical

failure

May require frequent alignment andcalibration

Excessive vibration may cause lampfilament damage and prematureburnout

Limited to machines that can bestopped

Photoelectric


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Safeguarding Action

As the machine begins to cycle, theoperator's hands are pulled out of thedanger area

Advantages

Eliminates the need for auxiliarybarriers or other interference at thedanger area

Limitations

Limits movement of operator

May obstruct work-space aroundoperator

Adjustments must be made for

specific operations and for eachindividual

Requires frequent inspections andregular maintenance

Requires close supervision of theoperator's use of the equipment

Pullbacks


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Safeguarding Action Prevents the operator from

reaching into the danger area

Advantages

Little risk of mechanical failure

Limitations

Limits movements of operator

May obstruct work-space

Adjustments must be made for

specific operations and eachindividual

Requires close supervision of

the operator's use of the

equipment

Restraint (holdback)


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Safeguarding Action

Stops machine tripped

Advantages

Simplicity of controls

Limitations Other guards are also required for

operator protection--usually fixed

barrier guards

Requires frequent maintenance

May not be adaptable to stock

variation

Safety-trip controls


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Safety Trip Controls (contd) When pressed by hand, the safety tripod deactivates the

machine.

Because it has to be actuated by the operator during an

emergency situation, its proper position is also critical.


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Safety tripwire cablesAre located around the perimeter of or near the danger area.The operator must be able to reach the cable with either handto stop the machine.

Calender equipped with this type of control.


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Safeguarding Action Concurrent use of both hands is

required, preventing the operator

form entering the danger area

Advantages Operators hands are at a

predetermined location

Operators hands are free to pick

up a new part after first half of

cycle is completed

Limitations Requires a partial cycle machine

with a brake

Some two-hand controls can be

rendered unsafe by holding with

arm or blocking, thereby permitting

one-hand operation Protects only

the operator

Two-Hand Controls


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Not two hand controls


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Two-Hand Trip

Requires concurrent application of both of the operator's control buttons

to activate the machine cycle, after which the hands are free.

Trips must be placed far enough from the point of operation to make it

impossible for the operator to move his or her hands from the trip

buttons or handles into the point of operation before the first half of the

cycle is completed.


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Gate Movable barrier which protects the operator at the point of

operation before the machine cycle can be started.


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Robots

Press

Fixed

Barrier

Robot

Stock

Conveyor


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Miscellaneous

Awareness Barrier


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Shields


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Part 1910 Subpart O - Machineryand Machine Guarding

1910.211- Definitions.

1910.212- General requirements for all machines.

1910.213- Woodworking machinery requirements.

1910.214- Cooperage machinery. [Reserved]

1910.215- Abrasive wheel machinery.

1910.216- Mills and calenders in the rubber and

plastics industries.

1910.217- Mechanical power presses. 1910.218- Forging machines.

1910.219- Mechanical power-transmission

apparatus.


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Section 1910.212is a general (or (horizontal)standard that applies to all machines not

specifically mentioned elsewhere in other

sections of Subpart O.Other sectionsare specific (vertical)

standards that apply to particular types

of machines; e.g., Section 1910.213appliesto woodworking machinery

Horizontal v. Vertical


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Machine guarding. 1910.212(a)(1) One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect

the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards

such as those created by point of operation, ingoing nip points,

rotating parts, flying chips and sparks

1910 212(a)(2)


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1910.212(a)(2) Guards shall be affixed to the machine where possible and secured

elsewhere if for any reason attachment to the machine is not possible.

The guard shall be such that it does not offer an accident

hazard in itself.

( )( )( ) f f


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1910.212(a)(3)(ii)The point of operation of machines

whose operation exposes an employee to injury,

shall be guarded.


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1910.212(a)(4)Revolving Drums,barrels, andcontainers

Must be guarded by an enclosure which is interlocked with the

drive mechanism


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1910.212(a)(5) Fan Blades When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less

than 7 feet above the floor or working level, theblades must be guarded with a guard havingopenings no larger than inch.

( )( )


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1910.212(a)(6)Anchoring Fixed

Machinery

Machines designed for a fixed location mustbe securely anchored to prevent walking or

moving


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?What machines are

covered by 1910.212


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Presenting

1910.212


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OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(1) Machine

guarding

1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Pointof operation

Hazards:

Contact with pinch

points

Struck by hot metals

Caught in two die halves

Reference Standard:

Guarding Method:

Barrier guard

Gates

Video ClipNot in

Handout


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Gates


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Unguarded Dough Mixer

OSHA St d d


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Ingredient Mixer

OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(1) Rotating

Parts

1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Point

of operation

Hazards:

Contact with rotating

parts

Reference Standard: ANSI/AHAM FM-1

(food mixers)

Guarding Method:

Interlocks

What happened?

Employee by-passed

interlock

Result - Death

Injection Molding Machine


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OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(1) Rotating Parts

1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Point of

operation

Reference Standard:

ANSIB151.1

Guarding Method:

Interlocked barrier gate

GuardedNot Guarded



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Injection Molding Machine(Plastic molding)

1 - Electrical Interlock

2 - Hydraulic Interlock

175 T I j ti M ldi M hi


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Die Halves Stationary Platen

175 Ton Injection Molding Machine

Mechanical Blocking Mechanism

InterlockedSafety Gate


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3 - Mechanical Blocking Mechanism

Prevents the dies from closing


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OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(1) Machine

guarding

1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Pointof operation

Hazards:

Contact with pinch

points

Struck by hot metals

Caught in two die halves

Reference Standard:

Society of Die Cast

Engineers Die Cast

Machine Safety)

Guarding Method:

Barrier guard

Die Casting

MachinesVideo Clip

Die Casting operation


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Die Casting operation OSHA St d d


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g p

Die Spit Shield

OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(1) Nipping

points

1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Point

of operation

Hazard(s):

Stuck-by molten

aluminum

Contact with movingmachine parts

Reference Standard:

Society of Die Cast

Engineers Die Cast

Machine Safety Guarding Method:

Barrier Guard

Tubing Bender OSHA St d d


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g OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(1) Pinch

Point Struck by

1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Point

of operation

Hazard(s):

Caught in the clamp die

Contact with moving

machine parts Reference Standard:

ANSI B11.15 Pipe Tube

and Shape Bending

Guarding Method:

Barrier guard

Foot pedal operation

Presence sensing device


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Swing arm in motion

Addi T b B d


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Addison Tube Bender

Safety matand

foot pedal control

Mechanical Power Press Brake


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OSHA Standards: 1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Point of operation

Hazards:

Caught in the point of operation

Reference Standard: ANSIB11.3 Power Press Brakes

Guarding Method:

Presence Sensing Devices

Two hand controls

Automatic barrier gates

Restraint device


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Point of operation

hazard CPL 2-1.25

Guidelines for point ofoperation guarding for

power press brakes

4 inches 4

Press brake foot treadle operated


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Press brake foot treadle operatedwith a restraint device


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Photo electric sensing

across face and barrier

across the ends of thepress brake

Press brake

The back of the press brake


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The back of the press brake

Awareness guard

Horizontal Metal Cutting Band Saw


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OSHA Standards: 1910.212(a)(1) Machine Guarding

Hazards:

Contact with the unused portion ofthe saw blade

Reference Standard: ANSIB11.10 Sawing

Guarding Method:

Telescoping barrier guard

Metal Cutting Radial Saw


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OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Point of operationguarding

Hazards:

Contact with the saw blade

Reference Standard:

ANSIB11.10 Sawing

Guarding Method:

Side barrier guard

OSHA Standards:


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1910.212(a)(1) Nipping

point

Hazards:


parts

Reference Standard:

ANSI B20.1 Conveyors

Guarding Method: Barrier guard

Isolation

Control relocation

Meat auger


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Guard does not meet

requirement of Table O-10

ScrewConveyor

Forming Mill Table


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OSHA Standards:


Hazards:

Contact between the forming rollsand the material

Reference Standard:

ANSIB11.12 Roll forming and RollBending

Guarding Method:

Barrier guard (interlocked)

Presence sensing device

May use safety trip wire???

Forming Mill


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Point of Operation

In-running nip point

Forming Mill


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Shows the process of metal forming Metal is being pulled

through dies and formed as it progresses.

Back of a shear Material Take-off Conveyor


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OSHA Standards: 1910.212(a)(1) Machine guarding

Hazards:

Contact between the belt and thepulley nip (drum)

Reference Standard: ANSIB 20.1 Conveyors

Guarding Method:

Barrier guard

Isolation

Conveyor Nip


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Nip Point

Scissor lift table


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Hazards:

Contact between the scissors arms

Reference Standard: ??

Guarding Method:

Telescoping barrier guard

Isolation

Pyramid or pinch roll forming


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y p g


guarding

Hazards:

Contact in the point of operation

Reference Standard: ANSI B11.12 Roll forming and bending

Guarding Method:

Isolation

Limited barrier guards

Pyramid or pinch roll forming


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y p g

Point of operation Point of operation

Roll former isolation guarding


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g g

REELPaper mill Pope


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pe ope


guarding

Hazards:


Reference Standard: ANSI B11.12 Roll forming and bending

Guarding Method:

Isolation

Limited barrier guards

REEL Threading the machinePaper mill Pope


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p p

In running nip point

REEL Threading the machinePaper mill Pope


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p p

REELPaper mill Pope


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p p

REELPaper mill Pope


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p p


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Primary arm guard

Lathe


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Lathe

OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(1) Rotating

parts

Hazards:


parts

Reference Standard: ANSI B11.6 Lathes

Guarding Method:

Barrier guard

Lathe


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Lathe Chip shield


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Tapper


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Hazards:

Contact with rotating parts, chipsand coolant


Reference Standard: ANSI B11.8 Tapper

Guarding Method:

Barrier guards and/or isolation

Vertical boring mills


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g


Hazards:

Contact with rotating parts

Reference Standard: ANSI B11. 8 Milling, drilling and

boring machines

Guarding Method:

Barrier guards

Vertical boring mills


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g

Vertical boring mill

hi d i d


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chip, and rotating part guard

Horizontal boring mill


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Horizontal boring mill

Mechanical Shear


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OSHA Standards:

1910.212(a)(1) Machine guarding


Hazards:

Contact with shear blade

Contact with hold down

Reference Standard:

ANSI B11. 4 Shears

Guarding Method:

Barrier guard

Hold down

Shear in operation


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Helper is exposed

Hydraulic Shear


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Modified guard

Blade

OSHA Standards:


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1910.212(a)(1) Machine

guarding

1910.212(a)(3)(ii) Point

of operation

Hazards:

Contact with mold

halves

Contact with shuttle Guarding Method:

Barrier guards

Presence devices

Core Making

MachinesVideo Clip

Core making machine


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Iron Worker OSHA Standards:


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1910.212(a)(1)

Machine guarding

1910.212(a)(3)(ii)

Point of operation

Hazards:

Contact with angle

shear or notcher

Contact with thepunch and die

Guarding Method:

Barrier guards

Woodworking Machinery


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Requirements

1910.213

10.213(a)(9)All belts, pulleys, gears,


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shafts, and moving parts must be guarded

in accordance with the specific

requirements of 1910.219.

Belts

1910.213(c) Rip Saws


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Circular table saws must have

a hoodover the portion of the

saw above the table, somounted that the hood will

automatically adjust itself to

the thickness of and remain in

contact with the material being

cut. Must have a spreaderaligned

with the blade, spaced no more

than one-half inch behind the

largest blade mounted in the

saw.

If used for rippingmust have

nonkickback fingers or dogs.

1910.213(d) Hand fed Crosscut saw


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shall meet requirements of (c)(1)

H d th t ill l t l

10.213(g) Swing cutoff saws.


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Hood that will completelyenclose the upper half of thesaw, the arbor end, and the point

of operation at all positions ofthe saw.

Constructed insuch a mannerand of such material that it willprotect the operator from flyingsplinters and broken saw teeth.

Automaticallycover the lowerportion of the blade, so thatwhen the saw is returned to theback of the table the hood willrise on top of the fence, and

when the saw is moved forwardthe hood will drop on top of andremain in contact with the tableor material being cut.


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1910.213 (h) Radial saws.


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Upper hoodthat completely enclose theupper portion of the blade down to a point

that will include the end of the saw arbor. Sides of the lower exposed

portionof the blade guarded to the fulldiameter of the blade

Radial saw used for rippingshallbe provided with nonkickback fingers ordogs

Adjustable stopto prevent the forwardtravel of the blade beyond the position

necessary to complete the cut in repetitive

operations.

Installation such that the front

endof the unit will be slightly higher thanthe rear, so as to cause the cutting head to

return gently to the starting position when

released by the operator.

Radial Arm Saws


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Radial Arm Saws


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1910.213 (i) Bandsaws andband resaws


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band resaws. All portions of the saw blade shall be

enclosed or guarded, except for the

working portion of the bladebetween the bottom of the guide

rolls and the table.

Wheels fully encased.

Outside periphery of the enclosure

shall be solid.

Front and back enclosed by solid

material or by wire mesh or

perforated metal.

Guard for the portion of the blade

between the sliding guide and the

upper-saw-wheel guard shall protectthe saw blade at the front and outer

side.

Self-adjusting to raise and lower with

the guide.

Band Saw


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Band Saw


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10.213(j)(3) Hand-fed jointer


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Automatic guard which will cover all the section of the head on the

working side of the fence or gage.

Effectively keep the operator's hand from coming in contact with therevolving knives.

Automatically adjust itself to cover the unused portion of the head and

shall remain in contact with the material at all times.

1910.213(m)(1) Wood shapers and similar equipment.


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Cutting heads of each wood shaper, hand-fed panel raiser, or

other similar machine not automatically fed, shall be enclosed

with a cage or adjustable guard so designed as to keep theoperator's hands away from the cutting edge.

10.213(o)(2) Cutting heads on wood- turning lathes


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Covered as completely as possible by hoods or shields.

1910.213(p)(1) Sanding machines.


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Feed rolls of self-feed sandingmachines must be protected with asemicylindrical guard to prevent

the hands of the operator fromcoming in contact with the in-running rolls at any point.

Guard must be constructed ofheavy material, preferably metal,and firmly secured to the framecarrying the rolls so as to remain

in adjustment for any thickness ofstock.

The bottom of the guard shouldcome down to within three-eighthsinch of a plane formed by thebottom or contact face of the feedroll where it touches the stock.

Circular Sander


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Saw blade

1910 213(s)(7)&(8)

Table Saw


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Swing Cut off Saw


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Table Saw


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Table Saw


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Belt Sander


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Table Saw


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Table Saw


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Power Molding Machine


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Table Saw


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Table Saw


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Dado blade on radial saw


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Power fed rip saw


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Radial arm saw


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Radial arm saw


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1910.215 Abrasiveh l hi


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wheel machinery


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The safety guard shall cover the spindle

1910.215(a)(2) Guard Design


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y g pend, nut, and flangeprojections.

safety guard


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y g

1910.215(a)(4) Work rests.


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On offhand grinding

machines, work rests shall beused to support the work.They shall be of rigidconstruction and designed tobe adjustable to compensatefor wheel wear. Work restsshall be kept adjusted closely

to the wheel with a maximumopening of one-eighth inch toprevent the work from beingjammed between the wheeland the rest, which may causewheel breakage. The work rest

shall be securely clampedafter each adjustment. Theadjustment shall not be madewith the wheel in motion.

Work rest 1/8


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Exposure adjustment

one-fourth inch.

1910.215(b)(9)

Tongue Guard

1910.215(d) Mounting - Wheel Speed


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(1) Inspection.

The spindle speedof the

machine shall be checked

before mounting of the wheel

to be certain that it does notexceed the maximum

operating speed marked on

the wheel

1910.215(d) Mounting - Ring Test


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(1) Inspection. Wheels should be tapped

gently with a lightnonmetallic implement,such as the handle of ascrewdriver for lightwheels, or a woodenmallet for heavier wheels.If they sound cracked(dead), they shall not beused. This is known asthe "Ring Test".

Ring test

FLOOR STAND GRINDERS

ANSI B.7.1-1988 E 4.3.2


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Self Closing Guard Effective two years after approval of this

revision for existing machines, all floor standgrinders for use with a 24 diameter wheels orlarger where personnel are required to be inthe plane of rotation of the wheel shall beequipped with guards which closeautomatically in case of wheel breakage.Other guard designs which provide equivalentprotection to the personnel in the plane ofrotation of the wheel may be used.


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Guard down


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Surface grinder with top guard

29CFR 1910.219Mechanical Power-Transmission


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Apparatus

1910.219(a)General requirements


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(1) This section covers all types andshapes of power-transmission belts,

except the following when operating

at two hundred and fifty (250) feet per

minute or less:

(i) Flat belts one (1) inchor less inwidth,

(ii) Flat belts two (2) inchesor less

in width which are free from metal

lacings or fasteners,

(iii) Round belts one-half (1/2) inchor less in diameter; and

(iv) Single strand V-belts, the

width of which is thirteen thirty-

seconds (13/32) inchor less.

1910.219(a)General requirements


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(2) Vertical and inclined

belts (paragraphs (e) (3)and (4) of this section) if

not more than two and

one-half (2 1/2) inches

wide and running at aspeed of less than one

thousand (1,000) feet per

minute, and if free from

metal lacings orfastenings may be

guarded with a nip-point

belt and pulley guard.


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1910.219(b) Flywheels


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(1) Flywheelslocated so that anypart is seven (7)feet or less above

floor or platformshall be guarded inaccordance withthe requirements of

this subparagraph:

(7) feet or less above floor orplatform shall be guarded

This is in further response to your letter dated April 5, 1983, concerningthe guarding of flywheels on power presses

LETTER OF INTERPRETATION


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the guarding of flywheels on power presses.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's General IndustryStandards 29 CFR 1910.219(b)(1) and (b)(1)(vi) require guarding of thepress flywheel. Furthermore, the latter provision requires that flywheelsabove working areas be provided with guards of sufficient strength tocontain the flywheel in the event of shaft or wheel mounting failure.

Reference to ANSI 815.1-1972, the current version of the sourcestandard, rapidly demonstrates that structural failures are possible.

Appendix AB.1 of ANSI 815.1 indicates that failures of a fatigue nature canbe anticipated, particularly for older machines that have been continuallyexposed to cyclic leads.

Therefore, substantial guarding is necessary to provide safety. Thatcompany die setter's need to have easy access to the flywheel for die-setting for is completely valid and should be a major consideration of theguarding provided. In that regard, the guard configuration enclosed isrecommended for consideration.

1910.219(c) Shafting


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Rotating pulley

Rotating shaft

Rotating coupling

Burr

1910.219(c)(2) Guardinghorizontal shafting.


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(i) All exposed parts ofhorizontal shafting seven(7) feet or less from flooror working platform,excepting runways usedexclusively for oiling, or

running adjustments, shallbe protected by astationary casingenclosing shaftingcompletely or by a troughenclosing sides and top or

sides and bottom ofshafting as locationrequires. Shafting must be guarded


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1910.219(c)(4) Projecting shaft ends


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(i) Projecting shaft ends

shall present a smooth

edge and end and shall not

project more than one-half

the diameter of the shaft

unless guarded by

nonrotating caps or safety

sleeves.

(ii) Unused keyways shall

be filled up or covered.

Shafting shall not extend more

than 1/2 the diameter of the

shaft unless guarded

1910.219(d) Pulley Guarding


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(1) Pulleys, any partsof which are seven (7)

feet or less from the

floor or working

platform, shall beguarded in accordance

with the standards

specified in

paragraphs (m) and (o)of this section.


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1910.219(f) Gears, sprockets,


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( )

and chains

1910.219(f) Gears


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(1) Gears shall be guarded in accordance

with one of the following methods: (i) By a complete enclosure; or

(ii) By a standard guard as describedin paragraph (o) of this section, atleast seven (7) feet high extendingsix (6) inches above the mesh point

of the gears; or (iii) By a band guard covering the

face of gear and having flangesextended inward beyond the rootofthe teeth on the exposed side orsides. Where any portion of the train

of gears guarded by a band guard isless than six (6) feet from the floor adisk guard or a complete enclosureto the height of six (6) feet shall berequired.


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(1) Collars.All revolving

1910.219 (i) Collars and couplings


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( ) gcollars, including split collars,shall be cylindrical, andscrews or bolts used in collarsshall not project beyond thelargest periphery of the collar.

(2) Couplings Shaft couplingsshall be so constructed as topresent no hazard from bolts,

nuts, setscrews, or revolvingsurfaces. Bolts, nuts, andsetscrews will, however, bepermitted where they arecovered with safety sleeves orwhere they are used parallel

with the shafting and arecountersunk or else do notextend beyond the flange ofthe coupling.

(1) M t i l

1910.219(m) Standard guardsgeneral requirements


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(1) Materials.

(i) Standard conditions shall be guarded by the use of thefollowing materials. Expanded metal, perforated or solidsheet metal, wire mesh on a frame of angle iron, or ironpipe securely fastened to floor or to frame of machine.

(ii) All metal should be free from burrs and sharp edges.

1910.219(o) Approved materials


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(1) Minimumrequirements.

The materials and

dimensions specified in

this paragraph shall

apply to all guards,except horizontal

overhead belts, rope,

cable, or chain guards

more than seven (7) feet

above floor, or platform.

(i) Wood guards may be usedin the woodworking and chemicalindustries, in industries where the presence of fumes or wheremanufacturing conditions would cause the rapid deterioration of

1910.219(o)(2) Wood guards


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manufacturing conditions would cause the rapid deterioration ofmetal guards; also in construction work and in locations outdoors

where extreme cold or extreme heat make metal guards andrailings undesirable. In all other industries, wood guards shall notbe used.


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29 CFR 1910.261Paper, Pulp & Paperboard Mills

Application of 29 CFR 1910.212

Hydro Pulper


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Fourdrinier


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Screen Roll


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Screen Cleaning


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Threading the Presses (Tailing)


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Cooch Carrier Roll Nip Point


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First Press Nip Point


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Press Section / First Dryer


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Cylinder Machine Nip Point


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Crumb / Scab Scraper


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Cleaning the Press Roll


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Dryers (Front Side)


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Dryer (Back Side)


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Isolation Guarding


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Line Shaft


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Incline Belts and Pulleys


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Elevator Nip Point


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Tailing (Threading) the Dryer


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Dryer Nip Point


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Reel Nip Point


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Rewinder Nip Point


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Guarded Rewinder


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Rotary Cutters

Embosser Nip Point


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Nip Point Guarding


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