12.2 4.010 yr

1000 km3 25985

m3

sec

The density of ice is ice 916.7kg

m3

Mass loss Mloss Vloss ice 23820tonne

sec

The latent heat of fusion of ice is LHT 334kJ

kg

Power LHT Mloss 7956 GW

2011 World nuclear capacity is 366 GW

Courtesy Leonid YurganovCourtesy Leonid Yurganov

Courtesy Leonid YurganovCourtesy Leonid Yurganov

Satellite-and surface-based anomalies of CH4 in ppb (left scale) and in Tg of CH4 (right scale) for troposphere of each hemisphere. Global burden anomaly is the sum of Northern and

Southern anomalies. Mean CH4 VMR increases in the NH with the rate 8.76 ppb/yr.

Courtesy Ed Dlugokencky (NOAA), Christian Frankenberg (JPL), Remco Scheepmaker (SRON)

Geo-engineering ?

© John MacNeill

Rasch Latham Chen 2009Environmental Research LettersDoi:101088/1748-9326/4/4045112

2 x CO2 and best 40% of sea areas seeded

2 x CO2 and best 70% of sea areas seeded

Rasch Latham Chen 2009Environmental Research LettersDoi:101088/1748-9326/4/4045112

Best 70% 2x CO2

Best 40% 2x CO2

Rasch Latham Chen 2009Environmental Research Letters

Doi:101088/1748-9326/4/4045112

Annual change of incident short wave radiation due to 5 megatonne/year stratospheric SO2 as predicted by the Hadley Centre HadGEM2-AO model.Jones, Haywood, Boucher, Kravitz, Robock. Atmo. Chem. Phys. July 2010

Direct methane capture from the

sea bed ?

Problems so far

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow rates

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high rates

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deployment

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructions

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currents

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft ooze

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicity

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicityUnacceptable biological consequences

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicityUnacceptable biological consequencesThe need to recover everything

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicityUnacceptable biological consequencesThe need to recover everythingPressure ridges

Problems so farMethane release at very low flow ratesRelease at very high ratesRough seas during deploymentThe presence of obstructionsFast currentsEquipment sinking into very soft oozeHydrogen sulphide toxicityUnacceptable biological consequencesThe need to recover everythingPressure ridges ? ? ? ? ?

Plate flatness controlThermal expansion 17 ppm/K

Plate thickness 15 mm

Delta T 1K

Panel size 100 mm

Curvature 440 metre

11 micron deflection per K

Stena Apache

Scanmudring

What next ?

What next ?

Identify show stoppers

What next ?

Identify show stoppers

Information on release areas, rates

What next ?

Identify show stoppers

Information on release areas, rates

Slopes and obstructions

What next ?

Identify show stoppers

Information on release areas, rates

Slopes and obstructions

Are biological side effects acceptable?

What next ?

Identify show stoppers

Information on release areas, rates

Slopes and obstructions

Are biological side effects acceptable?

Extruder technology, plastic type

What next ?

Identify show stoppers

Information on release areas, rates

Slopes and obstructions

Are biological side effects acceptable?

Extruder technology, plastic type

Ground pull vehicle

995 1000 1005 1010 1015 1020 1025 103010

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

3030

10

Tseai

Tseai

1028995 fre i salt i

Tsea

Density of fresh water and 3.5% salinity sea water against temperature

From http://www.csgnetwork.com/h2odenscalc.html

In June 2009 Real Madrid paid £80 million for Cristiano Ronaldo.

The Royal Society estimate for a fleet of spray vessels to offset 1 watt/m2 is £125 million. Ships last about 25 years.

Does anyone know the cost of Kyoto, Copenhagen, Cancun, Durban . . . . . .