Covalent Bonds

Covalent Bonds

Ionic vs Covalent BondsCovalent BondsThe bond that forms from the sharing of valence electrons

AtomsPrefix1mono-2di-3tri-4tetra-5penta-6hexa-7hepta-8octa-9nona-10deca-

namingName first elementName the second element and add ideUse prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in the moleculeExceptionif there is only one of the first atom, mono is left out!

For example

N2F6CO2SiF4CBr4NCl3P2S3CONO2SF2PF5SO2NOCCl4P2O5Dinitrogen HexafluorideCarbon DioxideSilicon TetrafluorideCarbon TetrabromideNitrogen TrichlorideDiphosphorous TrisulfideCarbon MonoxideNitrogen DioxideSulfur DifluoridePhosphorous PentafluorideSulfur DioxideNitrogen Monoxidecarbon tetrachloridediphosphorus pentoxideWrite the formulaAntimony tribromideHexaboron monosilicideChlorine dioxideHydrogen monoiodideIodine pentafluorideDinitrogen trioxidePhosphorus triiodideSbBr3B6SiClO2HIIF5N2O3PI3FYIAmmonia NH3

Water - H2O

Methane - CH4

Lewis StructuresLewis StructuresElectron dot notation is used to shown how electrons are shared Molecules are formedEach molecule has 8 valence electronsExcept Hydrogen!

Lewis Structure of WaterEach line represents the sharing of 2 electronsLewis Structures

Lone PairDraw the Lewis structure PH3

H2S

HCl

CCl4

SiH4

Draw the followingH2

HF

F2

Sigma Bonds Single BondsSymbol :

Pi bonds

Multiple BondsDraw O3

Multiple BondsDraw O2

Try TheseN2

C2H2

CO2

Exceptions to the OctetXe,Si, P, S, Cl, Br, and I Sometimes have more than 8 electronsPF5Be and B often only have 6 electronsBeCl3

Draw CH4Label all bonds as sigma or pi

Free Radicles A single electron, not paired

Bond strengthAs the number of shared electrons increases, bond length decreases

Breaking the bond of a short bond is larger than a long bondReviewWhat is an ionic bond and how does it differ from an ionic bond?What is the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond?Predict the bond energy of each of the bonds in CH2.