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Covert heterogeneity in the Done My Homework construc0on Alison Biggs & Meredith Tamminga University of Pennsylvania NWAV 45 – Nov. 6, 2016
CovertheterogeneityintheDoneMyHomeworkconstruc0on
AlisonBiggs&MeredithTammingaUniversityofPennsylvania
NWAV45–Nov.6,2016
Whatis“DoneMyHomework”?
• Nonstandardconstruc0onwithdisputedsyntac0canalysis
• Pilotdatafromacceptabilityjudgmentsurveyusingdiagnos0csfromtheliterature
• Appearanceofcovertheterogeneity:differentspeakershavedifferentgramma0calanalysesforDMH
• Alsoneedforaddi0onaldiagnos0cs
Whatis“DoneMyHomework”?
• AUestedinCanada,Philadelphia,Vermont
BE Par0cipialofDONE,FINISHorSTART
DPcomplement
I am myhomework.donefinishedstarted
Whatis“DoneMyHomework”?• I[Copulaamdone[PP[withNULL]myhomework]].– Preposi0onWITHvariablyrealizedNULL
• I[Perfectam[VPdonemyhomework]].(=Ihavedone…)– HAVEperfectrealizedasBEbysomespeakers
(Yerastov2012)
• I[Copulaam[AdjPdonemyhomework]]. – Sta0veconstruc0on,‘adjec0valpassive’
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
Alargeracceptabilitysurvey
• Previousanalysesusedifferenttypesofdata– smallnumberofconsultants(Fruehwald&Myler2015,
Yerastov2012)or…– corpusdata(Yerastov2012)
• Goalistocollectdatathatis:1. morebroadlyrepresenta0veofspeechcommunity,
butalso…2. s0llabletoprobeinfrequentgramma0cal
diagnos0cs• Experimentalsyntax(Sprouse&Almeida2012)
Alargeracceptabilitystudy
• Qualtricsonlinesurveycompletedby38Philadelphiansand48Canadians
• Likertscalefrom1(bad)to7(good)ra0ngfor3baselinesentencesand55othersentences
• Excluded7par0cipantswhoratedanyoftheungramma0calprac0ceitemsas3orhigher
• Excluded23Philadelphiansand5Canadianswhogrewupinadifferentdialectregion
• Collectedbasicdemographicinfoatend
Adjec0valpassivevsHAVE-perfect
Degreemodifierall
I’mallreadyforschool. Ihavealldonemyhomework.
I’malldonemyhomework.
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
√
?*
Reducedrela0ves
Wouldallthestudentswhoarereadytowrite apaperpleasestandup? Wouldallthestudentswhohaveeatentheir vegetablespleasestandup?
Wouldallthestudentsdonetheirhomework pleasestandup?
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
√
?
*
Applica0vecomplements
Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing,and…
I’mreadyyouascarf I’vefinishedyouascarf.
I’mfinishedyouascarf.
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
?
√*
Passiviza0on
Johnisbeenready(forhalfanhour). Myhomeworkhasbeendone.
Myhomeworkisbeendone.
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
*
?
√
• AspeakerwhotreatsDMHasanadjec0valpassiveshould:– acceptdegreemodifica0onandreducedrela0ves– rejectapplica0vecomplementsandpassiviza0on
• AspeakerwhotreatsDMHasaHAVE-perfectshould:– rejectdegreemodifica0onandreducedrela0ves– acceptapplica0vecomplementsandpassiviza0on
AdjPass=degreemodifica0on+reducedrela0vesHavePerf=applica0vecomplements+passiviza0on
NullWITHdiagnos0cs
PPCoordina0on
Sarahis[NPateacher]and[PPwithherhusband].Sarahhaseaten[NPabowlofpopcorn]and[PPwithherhusband].Sarahis[PPonthebridge]and[PPwithherhusband].Iamdone[?Pmybeer]and[PPwithmyfries].
**
?(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
√
Telicentailment
• WITHiscontribu0nginstrumentalseman0cs• Johnisdonewiththecomputer.– Atelicreading:Usingthecomputer– Telicreading:Buildingthecomputer
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
Telicentailment
Johnwillonlydrinkdecaffortherestofhislife…Hehasfinishedcaffeine.Heisfinishedwithcaffeine.Heisfinishedcaffeine.
*
?
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
√
Diagnos0cssummary
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
Diagnos0c HavePerf AdjPass NullWithApplica0vecomp √ *
Passiviza0on √ *
Degreemodifier * √Reducedrela0ve * √PPcoordina0on * * √Telicentailment * * √
Acceptabilitysurveyresults
Lexicalitemacceptance
• DONEslightlybeUerthanFINISHEDbutbothratedhighly• STARTEDwidelyrejectedinbothdialects
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Canada (N=43) Philly (N=15)
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7
done finished started done finished started
Rat
ing
Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitemCanada Philly
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1
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7
DONE
FINISH
ED
Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith
Rating
Canada Philly●
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DONE
FINISH
ED
Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith
Rating
Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitem
Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitem
• StrongacceptanceofAdjPasssentences;strongrejec0onofHavePerfsentences
• SupportsFruehwald&Myler’s2015claimthatDMHisnotaperfect(contraYerastov2012)
• ButwhataboutNullWithdiagnos0cs?
Canada Philly●
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DONE
FINISH
ED
Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith Baseline AdjPass HavePerf NullWith
Rating
Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitem
Diagnos0cgroupsbylexicalitem
• NullWithdiagnos0csareinbetween–beUerthanHavePerf,butworsethanAdjPass
• Whatisthesourceofthesemiddlingra0ngs?– Mixofhighandlow,orconsistentlymedium?
• Breakdowndiagnos0cra0ngsbyindividual,combiningPhillyandCanada
• Iden0fy3majortypesofspeakerresponses
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47 49 57 7 c21 c23 c24 c33 c34 c36 c42 c48 c49 c50 c60
Rating
Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
RejectNullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type1speakers(N=15)-DONE
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2 c11 c12 c13 c16 c2 c22 c28 c3 c52 c58
Rating
Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
AcceptNullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type2speakers(N=11)-DONE
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24 43 6 62 8 9 c10 c17 c25 c31 c32 c39 c4 c41 c43 c46 c51 c54 c56 c6
Rating
Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
???NullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type3speakers(N=20)-DONE
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43 47 49 62 7 c2 c33 c36 c42 c46 c51 c57 c60
Rating
Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
RejectNullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type1speakers(N=13)-FINISHED
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Rating
Diagnostic
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BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
AcceptNullWith
RejectHavePerf
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2 24 9 c11 c17 c23 c24 c28 c31 c34 c41 c48 c49 c50 c52 c54 c7
Rating
Diagnostic
●●●●
BaselineAdjPassHavePerfNullWith
AcceptAdjPass
???NullWith
RejectHavePerf
Type3speakers(N=17)-FINISHED
Baseline
AdjPass
HavePerf
NullWith
Type1 Type2
1
7
Covertheterogeneity:inter-speakerdifferencesingramma0calanalysisofasyntac0cconstruc0on
Baseline
AdjPass
HavePerf
NullWith
Type1 Type2/3
1
7
Confound
Covertheterogeneity:inter-speakerdifferencesingramma0calanalysisofasyntac0cconstruc0on
DegradedNullWithresults
Coordina0on:I’mdonemydrinkandwithmyfries.– Coordina0ngreducedandovertPisnotgreat– ??Ihadapicture’vmybabiesandofmydogs.
Telicentailment:Johnwillonlydrinkdecaffortherestofhis life–he’sfinishedcaffeine.– Subtle,context-dependentdiagnos0c
Theremainingpuzzle
• ButwhydospeakerswhoacceptNullWithdiagnos0csalsoacceptAdjPassdiagnos0cs?
Diagnos0cssummary
Diagnos0c HavePerf AdjPass NullWithApplica0vecomp √ *
Passiviza0on √ *
Degreemodifier * √Reducedrela0ve * √PPcoordina0on * * √Telicentailment * * √
(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
??
AdjPassdiagnos0csonovertwith
• Degreemodifica0on:I’malldonewithmyhomework.
• Reducedrela0ves:Wouldallthestudentsfinishedwiththeirpaperspleasestandup?
√
√
HavePerfdiagnos0csonovertwith
• Applica0vecomplements:*Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing, andI’vefinishedwithyouascarf.
• Passiviza0on:*Myhomeworkhasbeendonewith.
Diagnos0cssummaryrevised
Diagnos0c HavePerf AdjPass NullWithApplica0vecomp √ * *Passiviza0on √ * *Degreemodifier * √ √Reducedrela0ve * √ √PPcoordina0on * * √Telicentailment * * √
Theremainingpuzzle
• WhatFruehwald&Mylercallanadjec0valpassiveisakindofsta0veconstruc0on
• Nullwithconstruc0onisalsoakindofsta0ve• Thediagnos0cswe’veusedfromFruehwald&Mylerarediagnos0csmeanttoruleouthave-perfect(incontrasttoasta0ve)
• Thesediagnos0csdon’tdis0nguishbetweendifferenttypesofsta0ves
Theremainingpuzzle
• CurrentlyimprovingNullWithdiagnos0cs• Wethinkthatwewillfind:– FewerType3individuals– MoreType2individuals– Con0nuedexistenceofType1individuals
• Inotherwords,wepredicttwo-waycovertheterogeneity
Whatis“DoneMyHomework”?
• Nowidespreadevidenceforitbeingaperfect• SomepeopleshowtheacceptabilityjudgmentpaUernsthatFruehwald&Myler2015predict
• NullWithanalysisismoreviablethanreflectedintheliterature
Conclusions
• Themajorityofindividualsgivesystema0cjudgmentsbutnotallindividualsgivetheSAMEsystema0cjudgments
• Kim&Han(inpress):interspeakersplitbetweentwodifferentkindsofpronominalkuinKorean
• Han,Musolino&Lidz(2016):interspeakersplitbetweenverb-raisinggrammarandnon-verb-raisinggrammarinKorean
Conclusions
• “thesourceofthevaria0onistheinputdatatochildlearnersofKoreanthatprovideliUleevidencetoaidthemtochooseonegrammarovertheother”–Kim&Han(inpress,370)
• SameforDoneMyHomework• Onlyoneunambiguousinstancein126conversa0onaltranscriptsfromPhiladelphia,andit’sinbaseform
Conclusions
• Studiesofnaturalis0csyntac0cvaria0onshouldbeawarethatsurfaceformsmighthavedifferentunderlyingformsandindividualscandiffersystema0cally
• Acceptabilityjudgmentsfromsingleindividualsmaynotrepresentthefullrangeofgramma0calstructuresinthecommunity
• Theremaybemorevaria0onbeneaththesurfacethanweknow
Thankyou!
Contactus:AlisonBiggs [email protected] [email protected]
ThankstoElishaCooperforherassistance.
LanguageVaria0onandCogni0onLabhUp://web.sas.upenn.edu/tamminga-lab
AdjPassonly
AdjPassgood,
NullWithmedium
AdjPassgood,NullP&HavePerfmedium
Rejectbase Other
AdjPassonly 7 5 0 0 1
AdjPassgood,NullWithmedium 7 16 0 0 1
AdjPassgood,NullP&HavePerfmedium 0 4 4 0 1
Rejectbaseline 0 3 1 1 1
Other 1 3 0 1 1
FINISHE
DDONE
Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
1
Highstructure:Johnis…
PERFECT STATIVE
Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
1
Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
1
Highstructure:Johnis…
PERFECT STATIVE
Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
1
Lowstructure:… donehishomework
STATIVE2:NULLPREPOSITION
vP
DONE PP
PNULL
WITH
DP
his homework
(5) Structure of (??)
VoiceP
Voice[-Ag] vP
v XP
DP
John
X
X AP
sick
(6) Structure of (??)
VoiceP
DP
the rotten food
Voice
Voice[+Ag] vP
v XP
DP
John
X
X AP
sick
(7) Passive Substructure
2
Trees
Biggs and Tamminga
Wednesday 19th October, 2016
(1) Perfect: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE/HAVE vP
v
pDONE v
DP
his homework
(2) Stative: John is done his homework.
TP
DP
John
T
BE vPstative
done his homework
(3) Stative 1: John is done his homework.
xP
DONE vPcoercion
v
NULL
pWRITE v
DP
his homework
(4) Stative 2: John is done WITH his homework.
1
STATIVE1:???
Alargeracceptabilitysurvey
• Threebaselinesentences:– I’mnotdonemychoresyet.– I’mfinishedmybeer.– I’mstartedthehousework.
• 4prac0ceitems(3ungramma0cal)– Thewasinsultedwaitressfrequently.– Promisetowash,Nealdidthecar.– Theremightmiceseemtobeinthecupboard.
• 2“sanitycheck”sentenceswithfinishedandstartednotinDMHconstruc0on
]
AsadaUemptatcorpusdata
• Noterarityoftheseconstruc0onsinconversa0onalspeech– Onlyoneunambiguousinstancein126conversa0onaltranscriptsfromPhiladelphia
– “I’malwaysfinishedmyworkfirst”PNC,PH85-2-3
Alargeracceptabilitysurvey
• 13addi0onalsentencesperlexicalitem,ofwhich6arecri0caldiagnos0cs(Fruehwald&Myler2015)
Applica0vecomplementsentences
• Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing,andI’mdoneyouacardigan.
• Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing,andI’mfinishedyouahat.
• Ihaveanumberofknirngprojectsgoing,andI’mstartedyouasweater.
Passivesentences
• Myhomeworkisbeendone.• Mypizzaisbeenfinished.• Thattaskisbeenstarted.
Degreemodifica0onsentences
• I’malldonemyproject.• I’mallfinishedmycoffee.• I’mallstartedtheassignment.
Reducedrela0vesentences
• Wouldallthestudentsdonetheirassignmentspleasestepforward?
• Wouldallthestudentsfinishedtheirexampleasestepforward?
• Wouldallthechildreneatentheirvegetablespleasestandup?
Coordina0onsentences
• I’mdonemysandwichandwithmydrink.• I’mfinishedmypizzaandwithmybeer.• I’mstartedmypizzaandwithmyonionrings.
Telicentailmentsentences
• MyiPhonebrokesoI’mgernganAndroid.I’mdoneApple!
• I’monlydrinkingherbalteafromnowon.I’mfinishedcaffeine!
• Ican’tbelievehechangedtheassignment.I’malreadystartedmyassignment!
