1 A COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT ON ‘ A STUDY OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS GUJARATI NEWSPAPER.” Prepared by: Rajkumar Dhingani (137690592025) Hardik Sorathiya (137690592116) (Batch 2013 – 2015) Under the Guidance of Dr. Shahir Bhatt Submitted to:- Shri Jairambhai Patel Institute of Business Management and Computer Application In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration (MBA) Offered By Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad
Transcript
1
A
COMPREHENSIVE PROJECT REPORT
ON
‘A STUDY OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS
GUJARATI NEWSPAPER.”
Prepared by:
Rajkumar Dhingani (137690592025)
Hardik Sorathiya (137690592116)
(Batch 2013 – 2015)
Under the Guidance of
Dr. Shahir Bhatt
Submitted to:-
Shri Jairambhai Patel Institute of Business Management and Computer Application
In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement of the award of the degree of
Master of Business Administration (MBA)
Offered By
Gujarat Technological University
Ahmedabad
2
Declaration
We Hardik Sorasthiya And Raj Dhingani declare that this Comprehensive project is my own work. It is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of
Business Administration at the Gujarat Technology University. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. I further declare that I have obtained the
necessary authorization and consent to carry out this research.
Date :- Hardik Sorathiya
Place:- Gandhinagar Raj Dhingani
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Hardik Sorathiya and Raj Dhingani , student of MBA (2013-2015,
batch) at Post Graduate Centre of Gujarat Technological University – MBA; SJPI has prepared a
Comprehensive Project Report on “A STUDY OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS
GUJARATI NEWSPAPER” in partial fulfillment of two years full-time MBA Programme of
Gujarat Technological University, Ahmadabad. This project work has been undertaken under our
supervision and guidance. This is to ascertain that, to the best of my knowledge the work
reported here in does not form part of any other project report or dissertation on the basis of
which a degree or award was conferred on an earlier occasion on this or any other candidate.
This project has been prepared only for the award of MBA degree.
Today we are at the door step of 21st century. The world is widening without having a New
and new developments are coming these days in all fields all over India to make the people life
more comfortable and luxurious. The industries are growing so fast in India in order to satisfy
all the needs of people. Similarly Gov. has supported to these companies for their development
and progress of private companies.
Practical Study plays a vital role in the field of education. It has been introduced for the students
to get practical knowledge along with the theoretical knowledge; only bookish knowledge is not
the right way of learning anything especially for the management students. How management
principles are implemented in business can only be known through practical study through visit,
students can be berry well become ware about industrial environment like problem,
opportunities, different situations etc. This helps the students for better understanding & gives
then a chance to show their skills & ability.
According to the above reviews our Gujarat Technological University has included
Comprehensive project& viva of it, With a view to expand our boundaries of thinking about
implications of the theoretical knowledge in practical field, We have preferred project report
titled “A STUDY OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS GUJARATI
NEWSPAPER”‖ It is a matter of great pleasure to present this report work.
Thus in order to survive in the market one should have theoretical as well as Practical
knowledge about all different fields prevailing in market.
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am thankful to the management of Shri Jairambhai Patel Institute Of Business
Administration And Computer Application which has imparted me sufficient knowledge and
confidence to complete this project in the field training.
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to our Dr. S.O.JUNARE-
Director Technical Campus. for granting me permission to carry out this project on service
quality.
I extend my heartfelt thanks and deep sense of gratitude to my guide Dr. Shahir Bhatt,
For guiding me in all works in a kind manner and enabling me to April towards the successful
finishing of this project.
I’m very grateful to all the faculty members of the department of management studies for
their encouragement and kind-hearted advice.
I’m highly obliged to our beloved Mr.Manish Sharma (Head – Divyabhaskar) for his
encouragement and constant support throughout the project.
I’m also thankful to Mr.Pavan Gupta (Head – Gujarat Samachar), Mr. Rajiv Gupta
(Head – Sandesh Newspaper) for offering me a project in their esteemed organization and
having guided me in the organization.
Finally I thank my family members and friends who helped me in all possible ways to
make this project a success.
Hardik Sorathiya
Raj Dhingani
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EXECUTIVE SUMMERY
This report is based on the market research conducted on the topic ‖“A STUDY OF
CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS GUJARATI NEWSPAPER”‖
As the customer are treated as king of today’s business world so it’s mandatory to see that our is
customer kings are satisfied. The study attempts to analyze and determine ‖“A STUDY OF
CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS GUJARATI NEWSPAPER”‖ and also find out
the satisfaction level towards quality, service, and Price of the Newspaper. The research was
purely based on the survey conducted in Gandhinagar, Rajkot, Ahmedabad & Baroda. The
sampling technique used was simple random sampling of advertisers. The data was collected
through personal interview and structured questionnaire. The research instrument used was a
questionnaire which helped in knowing the pulse of the readers. So whatever services are
provided to the customer his satisfaction is a must. Otherwise within no time the company will
loosen its customer. Now as in case of news paper depending on the information including
national and international and local news, people prepare the news paper. So the study explore
the needs and requirement of customers so by the study that too by the survey one can get the
clear picture about the satisfaction of customers towards the Gujarati news paper and one can
know what are the additional things to be added so that customer will be delighted.
“A customer is the most important visit our Newspaper. He is not dependent on us, we are
dependent on him. He is not an Interruption on our work. He is the purpose of it. He is not an
outsider on our business. He is a part of it. We are not doing him, a Favor by serving him. He is
doing us a Favor by giving us an opportunity to do so”
This project report is on the “A STUDY OF CONSUMER PERCEPTION TOWARDS
GUJARATI NEWSPAPER” on Reader to know about the awareness about the Behavior. The
project was carried in Gandhinagar, Rajkot , Baroda, Ahmedabad with sample size of 300
readers.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
SR.NO. TITLE PAGE
NO.
DECLARATION I
CERTIFICATES FROM THE INSTITUTE II
PREFACE Iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Vi
1. Introduction to the study
1.1 Introduction 12
1.2 Origin of the Indian newspaper 12
1.3 News agency 13
1.4 Roll of newspaper to the consumer 13
1.5 Consumer value 13
1.6 Consumer satisfaction 14
1.7 Statement of the problem 14
1.1.1. Introduction – Newspaper 15
1.1.2. What News 15
1.1.3. History of Indian language newspaper 17
1.1.4. Major Indian language newspaper 19
1.1.5. Basic data 21
1.1.6. Background general characteristic 22
1.1.7. Nature of audience 23
1.1.8. Diversity and language press 24
1.1.9. Press of India 25
1.1.10. Leading daily newspaper 26
1.1.11. World largest newspaper 27
1.1.12. History of Indian newspaper in gujarati language 28
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 30
2.1. Research paper 33
2.2. Current scenario and future of newspaper 34
2.3. Guidance for newspaper publisher 35
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 39
3.1 Objective of the study 41
3.2 Scope of the study 41
3.3 Method of research 42
3.4 Research methodology Framework 45
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 47
4.1 Data Analysis 47
5 LIMITETION OF THE STUDY 108
6 FINDING OF THE STUDY 109
7 RECOMMODATION 110
8 CONCLUSION 111
ANNEXURE 112
BIBLIOGRAPHY 118
8
LIST OF THE TABLES
SR.NO. TABLE NUMBERS
TABLE NAME PAGE NO.
1 5.1.1 Sex 48
2 5.1.2 Age 49
3 5.1.3 Occupation 50
4 5.1.4 Education 51
5 5.1.5 How do you usually get a copy of newspaper 52
6 5.1.6 Which newspapers do you read 53
7 5.1.7 How often do you read newspapers 54
8 5.1.8 How much time do you spend time for reading or looking the newspaper
55
9 5.1.9 How important are newspapers According to you 56
10 5.1.10 Which ONE of s the most important item you look for in newspapers
57
11 5.1.11 Which of these factors motivate you to read
newspapers
58
12 5.2.1 To get information 59
13 5.2.2 To broaden the horizon of general knowledge 60
14 5.2.3 For searching new jobs 61
15 5.2.4 For educational purpose 62
16 5.2.5 For entertainment 63
17 5.2.6 To know the sports news 64
18 5.2.7 As usual task of the day 65
19 5.2.8 To pass the time 66
20 5.2.9 It improves status in the society 67
21 5.2.10 To keep abreast with the present happenings of all over
the world
68
22 5.2.11 For getting various scholarship news 69
23 5.3.1. A newspaper is a part of a community’s character. 70
24 5.3.2 A newspaper should observe and report what happens in the community without ever getting actively
involved.
71
25 5.3.3. Local television newscasts and cable news network
shave made newspapers less important.
72
9
26 5.3.4. The newspaper is the best overall source of news. 73
27 5.3.5. Other media, such as the local television news, do a better job of covering events and issues in the community.
74
28 5.3.6. A newspaper should play an active role in improving
the community sponsoring community forums on important issues
75
29 5.3.7. Investigative reporting is the most important job of a newspaper.
76
30 5.3.8. I enjoy reading in-depth coverage of local issues. 77
31 5.3.9. It is not the job of the newspaper to try to solve the problems of the community, only to report them.
78
32 5.3.10. I prefer to get news in summary form containing only the most important information with few details.
79
33 5.3.11 I trust the newspaper to weigh the issues and decide what is important for me to know.
80
34 5.3.12 In general, newspaper reporters are fair people who keep their personal feelings out of the stories they
write.
81
35 5.3.13 Newspapers reporters should be suspicious of
legislators and other government officials.
82
36 5.3.14 It is important for a local newspaper to cover local news
83
37 5.3.15 It is important for a local newspaper to cover national news
84
38 5.4.1. Regular part of my day 85
39 5.4.2. Looks out for my interests 86
40 5.4.3. Something to talk about 87
41 5.4.4. Makes me smarter 88
42 5.4.5. People I know 89
43 5.4.6. For inspires me 90
44 5.4.7. For Create High quality 91
45 5.4.8. I connect with the writers 92
46 5.4.9. My personal timeout 93
47 5.4.10. Makes me more interesting 94
48 5.4.11. Commands my attention 95
49 5.4.12. Know The story 96
50 5.4.13. Taking a stand 97
51 5.4.14. For Now The World 98
52 5.4.15. Grabs me visually 99
10
53
5.4.16.
Makes me want to read
100
54 5.4.17. Pass it around 101
55 5.4.18. Ad credibility 102
56 5.4.19. Value for my money 103
57 5.4.20 For Guidance 104
58 5.4.21. For News junkie 105
59 5.4.22 For Advertisement 106
60 5.4.23 For Other Reason 107
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LIST OF FIGURES:
SR.NO. TABLE NUMBERS
TABLE NAME PAGE NO.
1 5.1.1 Sex 48
2 5.1.2 Age 49
3 5.1.3 Occupation 50
4 5.1.4 Education 51
5 5.1.5 How do you usually get a copy of newspaper 52
6 5.1.6 Which newspapers do you read 53
7 5.1.7 How often do you read newspapers 54
8 5.1.8 How much time do you spend time for reading or looking the newspaper
55
9 5.1.9 How important are newspapers According to you 56
10 5.1.10 Which ONE of s the most important item you look for in newspapers
57
11 5.1.11 Which of these factors motivate you to read
newspapers
58
12 5.2.1 To get information 59
13 5.2.2 To broaden the horizon of general knowledge 60
14 5.2.3 For searching new jobs 61
15 5.2.4 For educational purpose 62
16 5.2.5 For entertainment 63
17 5.2.6 To know the sports news 64
18 5.2.7 As usual task of the day 65
19 5.2.8 To pass the time 66
20 5.2.9 It improves status in the society 67
21 5.2.10 To keep abreast with the present happenings of all over
the world
68
22 5.2.11 For getting various scholarship news 69
23 5.3.1. A newspaper is a part of a community’s character. 70
12
24
5.3.2
A newspaper should observe and report what happens in the community without ever getting actively involved.
71
25 5.3.3. Local television newscasts and cable news network shave made newspapers less important.
72
26 5.3.4. The newspaper is the best overall source of news. 73
27 5.3.5. Other media, such as the local television news, do a
better job of covering events and issues in the community.
74
28 5.3.6. A newspaper should play an active role in improving the community sponsoring community forums on important issues
75
29 5.3.7. Investigative reporting is the most important job of a
newspaper.
76
30 5.3.8. I enjoy reading in-depth coverage of local issues. 77
31 5.3.9. It is not the job of the newspaper to try to solve the problems of the community, only to report them.
78
32 5.3.10. I prefer to get news in summary form containing only
the most important information with few details.
79
33 5.3.11 I trust the newspaper to weigh the issues and decide
what is important for me to know.
80
34 5.3.12 In general, newspaper reporters are fair people who
keep their personal feelings out of the stories they write.
81
35 5.3.13 Newspapers reporters should be suspicious of legislators and other government officials.
82
36 5.3.14 It is important for a local newspaper to cover local
news
83
37 5.3.15 It is important for a local newspaper to cover
national news
84
38 5.4.1. Regular part of my day 85
39 5.4.2. Looks out for my interests 86
40 5.4.3. Something to talk about 87
41 5.4.4. Makes me smarter 88
42 5.4.5. People I know 89
43 5.4.6. For inspires me 90
44 5.4.7. For Create High quality 91
45 5.4.8. I connect with the writers 92
46 5.4.9. My personal timeout 93
47 5.4.10. Makes me more interesting 94
48 5.4.11. Commands my attention 95
49 5.4.12. Know The story 96
50 5.4.13. Taking a stand 97
13
51
5.4.14.
For Now The World
98
52 5.4.15. Grabs me visually 99
53 5.4.16. Makes me want to read 100
54 5.4.17. Pass it around 101
55 5.4.18. Ad credibility 102
56 5.4.19. Value for my money 103
57 5.4.20 For Guidance 104
58 5.4.21. For News junkie 105
59 5.4.22 For Advertisement 106
60 5.4.23 For Other Reason 107
14
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
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1.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
The newspaper is defined as “Any printed periodical work, containing public news or comments on public events” Press and Registration Book Act1987.
Media in India, experience newspaper media, are undergoing significant changes in the
current liberalized environment. Newspaper a publication that appears regularly and frequently carries news about a wide variety of
currentevents. The newspaper publishes have a over all control by its business and news operations.
“The press is the Guardian Angel of Democracy”. A forceful and prosperous press is
the guarantor of popular rights. The press flight by itself alone, but not for itself by alone. To most people “The press” means the daily newspaper, but although re-eminent in influence and
importance, daily newspapers are only a small part of the press the farm “newspaper” is usually applied to the publications devoted mainly for recording current events and the term “periodicals” to magazines, reviews to journals.
In reality the press is a private industry and a public service. No other force in public life operates so persistently and so extensively in its range of appeal. The scope of this subject of
appeal and matter as so does the press. Newspapers have a unique dimension of social responsibility, which means the newspaper industry different from every other industry. But business success is as vital to this industry as to any other.
According to the recorded facts the first newspaper of the world was published in China around
1000 years ago. It meant “News of the Capital”. The second newspaper of the world was the “Acto Divra” which meant, “Daily happening” in Greek. There are the oldest two newspapers in the pre-recorded history.
The first newspaper of the world was the “Morning Post” which was started in London in the year 1772 followed by this another newspaper “The London Times” started in publications.
1.2.The Origin of the Indian Newspaper
The first newspaper in Indian appeared on 29th January 1780, which James Augustris Hicky started the “Bengal Gazette” or “Calcutta General Advertises” This was a weekly political and
commercial paper open to all parties but influenced by none. Journalism started in India as a mission to expose the malpractices of East India Company Rule and Administration for his
criticisms Hicky was fined a large amount and later on imprisoned. Simultaneously a number of Journals emerged under the sponsorship of company official’s for defending themselves against the criticism made by Hicky and his followers.
The second one came up in November 1780. The third one up in February1784. The Calcutta Gazette this was followed by “Bengat Chronicle” in 1785from them onwards the news
and newspaper have flooded throughout India, Indian press the present Scenario.
The Indian press consists of more than 20000 newspaper magazines and periodicals published in 20 different languages with a combined circulation of more than 55 million. The number of the
major newspaper, ‘magazines with membership in Indian Newspaper Society (INS) is given 53.4%. It has a combined circulation of 34 millions out of these there and 150 English with
circulation of 7 millions and there are 38 in Indian languages with a circulation of27 million.
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1.3.News Agencies
There are 4 main news agencies in India.
Press Trust of India (PTI) United News of India (UNI)
Sam char Bharathi (SB) Hindustan Sam char (HS)
While the Press Trust of India is supplying news in English, the other two are operating through the medium of Hindi and other Indian languages. Since May 1982, the United News of India has
also launched a new service in Hindi and the credit line of “UNIVARTA”. Similarly Press Trust of India has started in1986 a Hindi language news service called Press Trust of India BHASHA.
1.4.Role of Newspapers to the Consumers
The power of the press is felt on our activities. It controls the rise and face of clings, cabinets and presidents. Once an editor said “I care not who governs the country so long as I can govern
the press” . The press has rightly been called the “Fourth Estate”. Such an influential organ has to shoulder great responsibilities the power, unless used with great care will cause server
damage. The first and foremost duty of the press is to furnish uncolored news, but at the same time, it should furnish news on all fields such as science, economic, politics etc. The news should not suppressed undue emphasis be laid. Some sensational newspaper now a days print
unimportant and trivial news in the front pages, while worldwide important news are not given place in the first page. Another great responsibility of the press is to represent public opinion without fear or favors. As the press is called the eyes and ear of the world, it has to keep an eye
on what happens and reflects views of the people on those happenings. The press is a medium not only to give news to the public but also to express the public opinion.
The letters of the consumers published under “Letters to the Editors”“Yours Views” etc. Initiate debates on controversial issues. It will help definitely to bring out the best of it. Thus the press is not only a mirror of what the people thinks, but it is also a school of Instruction, a source of
guidance to the common people.
1.5.Consumer Value
Consumers delivered value is the difference between total consumer’s value and total consumers
cost. Total consumers value is the bundle of benefits consumers expect to incur in evaluating,
obtaining, using and disposing of the product or service.
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1.6.Consumer Satisfaction
“Satisfaction is a person’s feelings of Pleasure of disappointment resulting from comparing products perceived performance (or outcome) in relation to his or her expectations”.
At this definition makes clear, satisfaction is a function of perceived performance and expectations. If the performance falls short of expectations, the consumers is dissatisfied. If
the performance matches the expectations, the consumers are satisfied. If the performance exceeds expectations, the consumer is highly satisfied or delighted.
Many companies are aiming for high satisfaction because consumers who are just satisfied still
find it easy to switch when a better offer comes along. Those who are highly satisfied are much less to switch. High satisfaction or delight creates an emotional bond with the brand, not just, a
rational preference. The result is high consumer’s loyalty.
From past buying experience, friend’s and associate’s advice, and marketer’s and competitor’s information and promises.
The key to generating high consumer’s loyalty is to deliver high consumers value According to Michael Lanning, in hi delivering profitable value; a company must develop a competitively
superior value proposition and a superior value delivery system.
A company’s value proposition is much more than it’s positioning on a single attribute; it is a statement about the resulting experience consumer’s will have from the offering and their
relationship with the supplier.
The brand must represent a promise about the total resulting experience that consumers can
expect. Whether the promise is kept depends upon the company’s ability to mange its value - delivery system includes all the communications and channel experiences the consumers will have on the way to obtaining the offering.
1.7.Statement Of The Problem
Knowledge is power “In today’s world there is an increasing demand of knowledge, especially
after the economy has opened up the world is becoming one small village newspaper is one
effective media which producers relevant information”. Newspaper now a days has become one
of the most important sources of information for reduce to
know things in depth no doubt other mediavehicles live television, radio and
other sources provided information but they crack inner course of action that is really wanted by
the reduce.
The print media becoming very competitive throughout the country. There duce by and large are
modernizing their preference and there are various newspapers are circulated every day. The
need of the study areas to know the preference towards The Hindu Newspaper will also help to
know the attributes which made the reduce to preference of Hindu.
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1.1.1.INTRODUCTION – NEWSPAPER.
1.1.2 What is "News"?
Some preliminary remarks are in order on the subject of just what "news" is, anyway. We normally think of news as a particular kind of historical reality, which could probably be defined analytically. That is a mystification of the subject. If journalists are experts on anything, it is
their audience, and not some other aspect of reality. Viewed "phenomenological," news is simply what made it into today's paper or news broadcast. There are now 188 countries, 5 billion people, and thousands of things that "happened" yesterday. Only the ones that actually made the paper
became news. Tomorrow will have its own news, so the rejected events will never be news. Of course they might be part of later historical reconstructions of our time. One might think, in such
a case, that the journalists just blew it - if you really thought that news was of the same nature as history. But news is not about history, really, but about profits, when publishers are thinking clearly, and newspaper publishers were thinking clearly from the very beginning.
Definitions should come from general usage, and this is what we mean by "news" when we are
not being confused with such notions as unimportant news or unreported news. There is no such thing as unreported news, because news is not natural. Events are natural but periodical news is a
manufactured product. Of course, that is true of "history" too. History is what historians make out of everything left from the past. News is what news writers squeezed into today's paper. If there is a point to histories, it is ultimately philosophical; the point of newspapers is to be
recycled - the first product with planned obsolescence
Our second preliminary point is that there is no necessity of thinking of news as daily. It used to come along irregularly when people, exercising their own judgment, decided that something they
heard was unusually interesting or important, and passed it on. People maintained their normal standards of honor and truth in spreading this news, so everyone knew about how far to trust the information. They were not awed by the institutional stature of giant news corporations. That
changed in the seventeenth century, when people got used to the idea that there was an absolutely regular quota of news, which was vouched for by transcendent sources. Daily news
then became a steady stream of perceptions, the stream of society's consciousness. One participated in society in a new way.
Third, not all of the content of the many kinds of periodicals published over the years is news, in
the accepted sense of important social or political events. This study will be interested in all of it, however, because it all partakes of the same urgency with which we invest politics. There have been many occasions in the history of journalism where opinion has been published as news,
where comments have been presented with the authority of facts. Everything becomes strange when it is cut out of reality in the same way as political or commercial reports are, so that our
science, religion, ethics, and arts are becoming as curious as our politics. And it bears remembering that this cultural tempo, like our political tempo, is for the convenience of publishers.
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Fourth, our most common mistake in thinking about news is to imagine that the most important events are those that get the most publicity. The reverse may be true. Powerful people do not
usually like publicity. Celebrities like publicity, and the media have learned that customers will pay as much or more to read about celebrities as about the powerful. Given the accessibility of celebrities, reporters may concentrate on them while the powerful go about their business. So
there is a good chance that the news will not cover what historians will later write about our times. The founders of this nation had a seemingly naive faith i9n the power of the "free" press to
responsibly inform the nation's citizens of ongoing events, yet the press has never been "free" in the sense that it take money to purchase a press, and only its owner is guaranteed the right to publish with it anything he or she wishes.
Those who hope that the news will keep them informed about the powerful forces in the world should consider that power might be defined as the ability to keep oneself out of the news. And further, an elite can be defined as a group that is able to monopolize a certain class of
information, and keep it out of circulation. For even today all important news is transmitted orally, within elites. If important news is what gives one person an advantage over others, then it
follows that valuable news is something you have to pay a lot for, one way or another. What is left over becomes the contents of the media.
It is doubtless true that over the centuries media attention has helped the public to monitor and challenge elites. In time, this attention has eroded the power of some of those elites, but only at
the point when the press itself became big business, an elite with secrets of its own. What the balance sheet would show of the new distribution of power, and whether the public has a right to
feel included in the power structure because of its news consciousness, should get more attention than it has.
20
1.1.3.HISTORY OF INDIAN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS
Emperor Asoka’s pillar inscriptions & rock edicts in different parts of the Mauryan
Empire during 3rd century B.C are considered examples of imperial political communication to
the informed & literate section of the population. Ashoka used the Prakrit language in his
communication on ethics & morals as evidence by his inscriptions.
The learning languages were confined to high casts, the aristocracy, priests, army
personnel & landowners. Another feature of communication in ancient India was the emphasis
placed on oral & aural systems. Writing was done on palm leaves using a style, but the written
documents were considered too scared to be touched or used by the lower classes. The ruling
class used certain methods for coding, transmitting & decoding messages secretly through the
network of spies to information about neighboring enemies.
According to historians of journalism, news was collected in a well-organized manner
under Akbar the Great. In 1574, Akbar established a recording office that helped later medieval
historians to gather materials for chronicles.
The Bengal Gazette
Founded by James Augustus Hickey (surname) or Hicky, a highly eccentric Irishman who had
previously spent two years in gaol for debt,Hickey's Bengal Gazette or the Calcutta General
Advertiser was the first English language newspaper, and indeed the first printed newspaper, to
be published in the Indian sub-continent.
It was a weekly newspaper, and was founded in 1779, in Calcutta, the capital of British
India. The memoirist William Hickey (who, confusingly, was not in fact related to the paper's
founder) describes its establishment shortly after he had succeeded (in his capacity as an
attorney-at-law) in having James Hicky released from debtor's gaol:
"At the time I first saw Hicky he had been about seven years in India. During his
confinement he met with a treatise upon printing, from which he collected sufficient information
to commence as a printer, there never having been a press in Calcutta.....it occurred to Hicky
that great benefit might arise from setting on foot a public newspaper, nothing of that kind ever
having appeared. Upon his types &c., therefore reaching him, he issued proposals for printing a
weekly paper, which, meeting with extraordinary encouragement, he speedily issued his first
work. As a novelty every person read it, and was delighted. Possessing a fund of low wit, his
paper abounded with proof of that talent. He had also a happy knack at applying appropriate
nicknames and relating satirical anecdotes".
21
Unfortunately for Hicky he himself benefited little from the paper, as William Hickey further
tells us that he allowed it "to become the channel of personal invective, and the most scurrilous
abuse of individuals of all ranks, high and low, rich and poor, many were attacked in the most
wanton and cruel manner . His utter ruin was the consequence”. The paper itself survived until
the 1830s, when its circulation was exceeded by The Englishman (also published from Calcutta
from 1818, and now known as The Statesman).
The first newspaper in an Indian language was the SamacharDarpan in Bengali. The first issue
of this daily was published from the Serampore Mission Press on May 23, 1818. In the same
year, Ganga Kishore Bhattacharya started publishing another newspaper in Bengali,
the Bengal Gazetti. On July 1, 1822 the first Gujarati newspaper the Bombay Samachar was
published from Bombay, which is still extant. The first Hindinewspaper,
the SamacharSudhaVarshan began in 1854. Since then, the prominent Indian languages in which
papers have grown over the years
are Hindi, Marathi, Malayalam,Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu andBengali.
The Indian language papers have taken over the English press as per the latest NRS survey of
newspapers. The main reasons being the marketing strategy followed by the regional papers,
beginning with Eenadu, a telegu daily started by RamojiRao. The second reason being the
growing literacy rate. Increase in the literacy rate has direct positive effect on the rise of
circulation of the regional papers.
The people are first educated in their mother tongue as per their state in which they live for e.g.
students in Maharashtra are compulsory taught Marathi language and hence they are educated in
their state language and the first thing a literate person does is read papers and gain knowledge
and hence higher the literacy rate in a state the sales of the dominating regional paper in that state
rises.
The next reason being localisation of news. Indian regional papers have several editions for a
particular State for complete localisation of news for the reader to connect with the
paper. Malayala Manoramahas about 10 editions in Kerala itself and six others outside Kerala.
Thus regional papers aim at providing localised news for their readers. Even Advertisers saw the
huge potential of the regional paper market, partly due to their own research and more due to the
efforts of the regional papers to make the advertisers aware of the huge marke
22
1.1.4.THE MAJOR INDIAN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER
Digdarshan was the first Indian language newspaper. It started in April 1818 by
the Serampur missionaries William Carcy, Joshua Marshman& William Ward. They soon started
another journal in June of the same year & named it SamacharDarpan.
The famous Raja Ram Mohan Roy also brought out periodicals in English, Bengali & Persian.
Some of Roy’s papers were SambadKaumadi, Brahmical Magazine, Mirat-ul-Akhbar, and
Bangadoota&BengalHerald
ASSAMESE:-
Amnodaya, a distinguished journal in the Assamese language was started in 1846 under the
editorship of the Reverend Oliver.T.Cutter.
GUJARATI:-
The newspaper with the greatest longevity in India, Mumbai Samachar was also the first Gujarati
Newspaper. It was established in 1822 by FarduvjiMarzaban as a weekly & then became a daily
in 1832.
HINDI:-
The first Hindi daily was samacharSudhavarshan (Calcutta, 1854). Later SamayadantMartand,
Banaras Akhbar, Shimila Akbar &MalwaAkhbar came out.
Calcutta was the birth place not only of English, Bengali & Hindi journalism. The first Urdu
newspaper was published by Urdu Akhbar in the second decade of the 19th century.
KANNADA:-
Kannada Samachar was the earliest Kannada journal, according to many scholars. But others
think that the first Kannada journal was MangalooraSamachar. Later SubudhiPrakasha, Kannada
Vaatika, Amnodaya, Mahilaasakhi&Sarvamitra came out during the 18th century.
MALAYALAM:-
Mathrubhumi, MalayalaManorama, Kerala Kanmudi are the main newspapers of Kerala. The
other daily newspapers are Desabhimani, Mangalam, Madhyamam, Chandrika, Deepika etc.
23
MARATHI:-
Darpan was the first Marathi newspaper started on 6 January 1832. Kesari&Sudarak were other
papers of the 18th century. Induprakash was an Anglo-Marathi daily established in 1862.
ORIYA:-
The first Oriya magazine Junaruna was published by the Orissa Mission Press in 1849 under the
editorship of Charles Lacey. Then came another publication from the same press
‘Prabhatchandrika’, under the editorship of William Lacey. UtkalSahitya, Bodhadayini,
Baleshwar SambadBalika etc… started in the 18th century.
PUNJABI:-
Although Maharaja Ranjit Singh encouraged the development of Punjabi journalism. The earliest
Punjabi newspaper was a missionary newspaper. The first printing press in Punjab was
established in Ludhiana in 1809.
TAMIL:-
The first periodical ‘Tamil Patrika’ a monthly was brought out in 1831 by the Religious Tract
Society in Madras; it lasted till 1833.
The next periodical weekly was the Dina Vartamani published in Madras from 1856 by the
Dravidian press & edited by the Reverend P.Percival. Later Swadeshamitran, Deshabaktan etc…
were other papers.
TELUGU:-
KandukuriVeeresaliongamPantulu, known as the Father of the renaissance movement in Andhra
& the founder of modern Telugu, sparked a social reform movement through his weekly
Vivekavardhini. He also founded separate journals for women; Satihitabodhini.
24
1.1.5.BASIC DATA
Official Country Name Republic of India
Region (Map name) East, South & Asia
Population 1,285,144,809 (1.28 billion) As of May 14,
2015
Language(s) English, Bengali, Telugu & Marathi
Literacy Rate 64.8 %
Area 1.269 million sq miles
GDP 456,990 (US Million)
Number of Daily News Paper 400
Total Circulation 30,800,000
(Ref. Indian online Page . Com)
25
1.1.6. BACKGROUND & GENERAL CHARCTERSTICS
India is the world’s largest democracy its mass media culture a system that has evolved over
centuries, is comprised of a complex framework. Modernization has transformed this into a
communications network that sustains the pulse of a democracy about 1.1 billion people. India’s
newspaper evolution is nearly unmatched in world press history. India’s newspaper industries
and its westernization or modularization as French would call it go hand in hand. India’s press
is metaphor for its advancement in the globalize world.
The printing press preceded the advent of printed news in India by about 100 years. It was
in1674 that the first printing apparatus was established in Bombay followed by Madras 1772.
India’s first newspaper, Calcutta general advertises, also known as Hicky’s Bengal Gazette was
established in January 1780, and the first Hindi daily, Sam char sudha varshan, began in 1854.
The evolution of the Indian media since has been fraught with development difficulties.
Illiteracy, colonial constraints and repression poverty and apathy thwart interest in news and
media. Within this framework it is instructive to examine India’s press in two board analytical
section: pre-colonial times and the colonial, independent press (which may, again be classified
into two: preceding and following the emergency rule imposed by Indhira Gandhi’s government
in 1975.) the post emergency phase. This continues at the present, May the third independent
phase of India newspaper revolution
26
1.1.7. THE NATURE OF THE AUDIENCE
While a majority of the poor working people in rural and urban areas still remain oppressed and
even illiterate, a significant proportion of people – roughly about 52 percent of the population
over 15 years of age were record as being able to read and write. That breaks down to 65.5
percent of males and an estimate of 37.7 percent of females. After the liberalization of the
economy, the growth of the industries, and a rise in literacy, and consumerism. Since private
enterprise began to sustain pay off, mass communications picked up as a growth industries.
In 1976 the register of newspaper for India had recorded 875 papers; in 1995 there were 4453
Robin Jeffrey comments:
“Newspaper did not expand simply because the technology was available to make Indian scripts
live as they had not been able to live before. Nor did newspaper grow simply because more
people knew how to read and write. They grew because more people knew how to read and
write. They grew because entrepreneur detected a growing hunger for information among over-
widening section of India’s people, who were potential consumers as well as newspaper readers.
A race began to reach this audience advertising avenues were the prizes and these would come
largely to newspaper that could convince advertisers that they had more readers than their rivals.
Readers, meanwhile, were saying implicitly: we will read newspaper that tell us about ourselves
and reflect our concerns.”
27
1.1.8.DIVERSITY AND THE LANGUAEGE PRESS
Naresh khanna summarizes the trends in circulatory growth and decline varied in regional
language paper during 1998-2000: In the three year period from 1998-2000, circulation of dailies
in the country increased marginally from 58.37 to 59.13 million copies. This represents a growth
of 1.3 percent on the basis of data published by the register of newspaper for India in its annual
reports.
In this time, two distinct group of newspaper emerge the first including five languages that have
collectively grown in copies. Amongst these newspapers, those in Malayalam and Bengali grew
fastest at 12.9 percent and 12.8 percent respectively, while Hindi dailies grew by 5 percent and
English dailies by 4.7 percent over the three year period. Although Marathi newspaper increased
circulation by 2.75 percent over the three years it would seem that they are in danger of falling
out of this group and perhaps entering the phase of stagnation and circulation decline (Khanna
2002)
The second group 0f stagnating and declining circulation includes newspaper seven languages
with a combined circulation of 14.8 million copies in 2000. These dailies lost almost 1.8 million
copies(10.62 percent)of their combined circulation in the last three years. Daily newspaper
circulation plummeted most dramatically in Telugu, which fell
from 2.28 million to 1.68 million copies, a fall of more than 26 percent. Urdu newspaper
circulation fell by more than 12 percent and Tamil dailies circulation declined by 10.8 percent
with circulation of Gujarat dailies falling by 10.5 percent. Over the same period circulation of
Oriya dailies declined by 2.8 percent and that of Punjabi dailies by 3.2 percent. Although over
the three years Kannada newspaper show an insignificant fall in circulation seem to have entered
a period of stagnation and decline of their awn. It would seem that in spite of new edition being
added by Hindi, English, Malayalam and Bengali dailies, the print media is loosing its
dominance of advertising market share to television, radio and outdoor media (Khanna 2002).
India’s language newspaper enjoy relatively new entrepreneurial prowess. A mutually
convenient relationship between the owners and capitalist keeps a financial balance between
local / regional and national spheres in both private and public sector. “Like coral in reef
newspaper grew and died in a process inseparable from the creation of a ‘public sphere’ in the
classical liberal sense. Individual proprietors sometimes brought to their newspapers a crusader’s
zeal for a particular cause or a diehard’s loathing for a rival” (Jeffrey 105).
28
1.1.9. PRESS IN INDIA
Much of India’s legal framework is built upon its colonial legacy. Legal statutes and regulations
have been undergoing certain changes as India’s freedom came at a high cost. The country was
divided. India’s border conflict with two hostile neighbors which forced at least three large scale
wars eclipsed other political issues. The democratic process, corrupted by criminals,
unscrupulous bureaucrats and politicians, created a social climate that widened social and
economic inequality.
Freedom of speech and expression is a constitutionally guaranteed fundamental right of the
Indian people. Article ensures the implicit freedom but Article qualifies this in explicit terms.
The parliamentary proceeding (protection of publication) Act of 1977 and the prevention of
publication of objectionable matter (Repeal Act) of 1977 further reinforce and restrict these
freedoms. While constitutional guarantees ensure freedom of the press and expression, press and
media are obligated by self regulatory systems of ethics that protect individuals and organization
from libellous behaviour. “Freedom of the press is an institutional freedom” wrote sachin sen .
The press council bill of 1956, introduced in the Indian parliament, stipulated the establishment
of the press council of India representing working journalist, the newspaper management literacy
bodies and the parliament. The Indian press commission.
Accepted the following postulate: “Democratic society lives and grows by accepting ideas, by
experimenting with them, and where necessary rejecting them ….The press is responsible part of
democratic society” (quoted sen 42).
While the central press accreditation committee seeks to ensure quality and self-renewal, the
press council of India was established in 1966 to uphold editorial autonomy. Restriction on free
speech was imposed after Indira Gandhi’s Infamous emergency rule. The press council off India
was abolished after Editor George Varghese’s criticism of the Indira government. The minister
of information and broadcasting carefully regulates the press and its liberties.
The maintenance of internal security Act (MISA) Was enforced to intimidate reputedly
autonomous newspaper in the seventies. The press council, resurrected in 1979 has no legal
standing to impose penalties.
29
1.1.10 THE LEADING DAILY NEWSPAPER
NEWSPAPER LANGUAGE
Aj Hindi
Anand Bajar Patrika Bengali
Bharyman Bengali
Daily Thanthi Tamil
Dainik Jarran Hindi
Dainik Bhaskar Hindi
Dinamalar Hindi
Eenadu Telgu
Gujarat Sam char Gujarat
Hindustan Times English
Indian Express English
Lol Satta Marati
Malayalam Manorams Malayalam
Mahru Bhumi Malayalam
Nav Bharat Hindi
Navbharat Times Hindi
Punjabi Kesari Hindi
Sakal Marathi
Sandesh Gujarat
The Economic English
The Hindu English
The New Indian Times English
The Times of India English
30
1.1.11 WORLD LARGEST DAILY NEWSPAPER:
NEWS PAPER NATION
Asahi Shimbun Japan
Bild Australia
Billd Zeitung Germany
Chunichi Shimbun Japan
Gongren Ribao China
Manichi Shumban Japan
Nikhan Keizai Japan
People’s Daily China
Reference News China
Sikuan Ribao China
The Mirror/ Daily Record Britain
The sun Britain
Yomiuri Shimun Japan
Source: World Press Trends
31
1.1.12 HISTORY OF INDIAN NEWS PAPERS IN GUJRATI LANGUAGE
DainikBhaskar
DainikBhaskar is a Hindi-language daily newspaper of India published by Bhaskar Group. It was
started in year 1958 from Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. Its is owned by the
Agrawal family in Bhopal and its current national editor is Shravan Garg.
DainikBhaskar was first published in Bhopal and Gwalior of the central province. The
newspaper was launched in year 1956 to fulfill the need for a Hindi language daily, by the
name Subah Savere in Bhopal and Good Morning India in Gwalior in year 1957, it was renamed
as Bhaskar Samachar In year 1958 it was renamed as Dainik Bhaskar
DainikBhaskar has 27 editions in 9 states- Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chattisgarh, Haryana,
Delhi, Punjab , Himachal Pradesh, and the Union Territory of Chandigarh.
In Gujarat, Bhaskar Group publishes DivyaBhaskar a Gujarati daily launched in
2003.This ;launch is a case study in IIM ( Indian Institute of management - Ahmedabad) and the
door-to-door-twin-contact launch programmed has been recognized as an Orbit shifting
innovation. It has won Business Process Innovation award by Marico Foundation.
DivyaBhaskar is the largest circulated daily of Gujarat as per ABC ( audit Beauro of circulation )
and has the maximum edition by any newspaper in Gujarat. It is published from Ahmedabad,
Sandesh started its journey in the world of Journalism in 1923. Since than it has flourished into 7
editions and has played a critical and vital role in the up liftment and welfare of five corer
Gujaratis. It covers the latest news and deals with the day to day situation with equanimity and
fare judgment .Sandesh provides information and entertainment through its supplements dealing
with almost all the subjects.
The Sandesh Limited is a listed and public limited company with Head Quarter at Ahmedabad.
Till 1984, Sandesh was a single edition newspaper published from Ahmedabad. Then under
expansion programme new editions were launched Baroda, Surat, Rajkot, Bhavnagar,Kutch&
Mumbai in 1985, 1989, 1990, 1998, 2011 and 2014 respectively.
Initially in 1923 ShriNandlalBodiwala started Sandesh daily on a small scale, But in 1958 when
late ShriChimanbhai Patel was at the helm of affairs ; his vision , foresight and business
changed the destiny of Sandesh and its circulation began to increase by leaps and bounds. His
unique contribution was ‘Sunday SanskarPoorti’ in Gujarati journalism, that included many
celebrities as columnists. Thus he was the pioneer of Sunday Supplements in Gujarati
journalism. He was always in search of new talents and new ideas to make Sandesh a unique and
dynamic daily. It was this missionary zeal that made Sandesh a household name in Gujarat.
Present CMD and the Editor of Sandesh ShriFalgunbhai Patel joined the organization in 1979
after completing his MBA in USA. His close collaboration with his father made a rare
combination of wide experience and youthful dynamism that added a rare spirit of adventure
and calculated business viewpoint in the development of Sandesh as a giant entity. The company
went public in 1994 with a premium of Rs.90/- on the face value ofRs. 10/- per share. The issue
was oversubscribed by 15 times. “The Sandesh Limited” thus became the first media house to
become a public limited company.
But destiny sometimes plays cruel game and in March 1995 ShriChimanbhai Patel succumbed to
a massive heart attack and Falgunbhai lost his best friend, philosopher and guide in the person of
his beloved father. It was a sad sorrowful day for the entire SandeshPariwar . Since his father’s
demise, Falgunbhai had to shoulder additional responsibilities of editorial section in addition to
his managerial duties. He took all the challenges with the help of his professional assistants with
great skill.
33
CHAPTER-2
LITRETURE REVIEW
34
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Research paper:-
Several factors has been identified by various authors in their empirical research
According to Drucker (1954), the principle purpose of the business is to create satisfied
customers. Increasing customer satisfaction has to been found to lead to higher future
profitability (Anderson, Fornell, and Rust 1997), increased buyer willingness to pay price
premiums, provide referrals, and use more of the product (Reichheld1996; Anderson and
Sullivan 1993; Bolton 1998). Increased loyalty, in turn, has been found to lead to
increases in future revenue (Fornell 1992; Anderson, Fornell, and Lehmann 1994) and
reduction in the cost of future transaction (Reichheld 1996; Srivastava, Shervani, and
Fahey 1998). All of this empirical evidence suggests that customer satisfaction is
valuable from both a customer goodwill perspective and an organization’s financial
perspective.
John O Shaughnessy (1987) marketing strategic is a broad conception of how resource
to be Delhi to achieve market success. The content for a marketing strategy shows how
the proposed key features of the films offering (products, price, promotion and
distribution) are intended to achieve the firm objectives.
A firm’s future profitability depends on satisfying customers in the present – retained
customers should be viewed as revenue producing assets for the firm (Anderson and
Sullivan 1993; Reichheld 1996; Anderson and Mittal 2000). Empirical studies have
found evidence that 6 improved customer satisfaction need not entail higher costs, in
fact, improved customer satisfaction may lower costs due to a reduction in defective
goods, product re-work, etc. (Fornell 1992; Anderson, Fornell, and Rust 1997). However,
the key to building long-term customer satisfaction and retention and reaping the benefits
these efforts can offer is to focus on the development of high quality products and
services.
35
Customer satisfaction and retention that are bought through price promotions, rebates,
switching barriers, and other such means are unlikely to have the same long-run impact
on profitability as when such attitudes and behaviors are won through superior products
and services (Anderson and Mittal 2000). Thus, squeezing additional reliability out of a
manufacturing or service delivery process may not increase perceived quality and
customer satisfaction as much as tailoring goods and services to meet customer needs
(Fornell, Johnson, Anderson, Cha, and Everitt 1996).
Narasimha Rao P.V.L.National consumership survey (2005) press continues to grow
from time to time. Press adds 34 million consumers in the last 2years over the last 3 years
the number of consumers of dailies and magazines put together among those aged 15
years and above has grown from 179mn to 200mna growth of 4% every years.
Chrystal Szeto and Luis Jimenez (2005), new media offer consumers a wide array of
choices to access, disseminate and display all forms of information. Historically, new
media complemented rather than eliminated the older media. Is this pattern changing
with the more recent introduction of digital media/ what does market research tell us
about the preferences of today’s consumers for electronic vs. paper media.
Rebekah (2006) Wade has remarked that the newspaper success would probably depend
more on free CD’s and DVD’s than on it journalists. Newspapers particularly hope that
CD’s and DVD’s will appeal to the young who are increasingly getting their news online.
36
Kathleen and Collins, The consumption of paid newspapers in the United States and
most other mature print news markets has been in slow but general decline throughout the
last four decades. Much of this decline has been precipitated by a variety of (usually)
free electronic news and information sources most notably radio, television and now the
internet. A recent addition to these sources is free newspapers, some introduced as
competitors to paid newspapers, others designed to encourage newspaper reading among
current non-readers. The impact of free newspapers on the market for paid print dailies
in four major United States markets is analyzed in terms of whether these two sorts of
products are competitors or complements.
37
2.2. THE CURRENT SCENARIO AND FUTURE OF NEWS PAPERS
With the emergence of the television and the new media (internet), it can be
argued that newspapers are becoming irrelevant in terms of providing the latest news. However,
many newspapers in India and the world to some extent have started providing analysis of the
news as well. The coverage of the 2009 General Elections is the proof of that. Most newspapers
had their own supplements dedicated to the elections and they scrutinized every detail of the
elections in a way the television channels cannot provide. As of 2000, there are at least 41,705
newspapers in India and growing every day. The media whilst flawed is one of the most precious
commodities in any democracy and as India celebrates another year of its emancipation, the
media has a lot to celebrate as well – everyday for millions all over the country it makes this
independence count substantial instead of some word uttered as a cliché at some cocktail party.
38
2.3. A GUIDEENCE FOR NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS
THE REGISTERAR OF NEWSPAPERS
The register of India newspaper among these officials and professional agencies, regular and
records the status of newspaper. Electronic news, web site, magazines and house publication, a
number of professional organizations (like editor guild of India, Indian language newspaper
association and all India newspaper’s editor conference) enrich the self-renewal process of the
news enterprise. Educational and training programmed are gaining importance as
professionalization.
THE OFFICE OF THE REGISTER
The of the register of newspaper for India popularly known as RNI came into being on July
1,1956 on the recommendation of the first press commission in 1953 and by amending the press
and registration of books act (PRB act) function of RNI involve both statutory and non statutory
function.
Statutory function the RNI compiles and maintains a register of newspaper contains particulars
about all the newspaper published in the country it issues certificate of registration to the
newspaper published under valid declaration. It scrutinizes and analyzes annual statement sent
by the publishers of newspaper every year under section 19D the press and registration of Books
act containing information on circulation ownership etc.
The RNI informs the district magistrates about availability of titles to intending publishers for
filling declaration and ensures that newspaper are published in accordance with the provision of
the press and registration of Books acts. It verifies under section 19F of the PRF Act of
circulation claims furnished by the publishers in their annual statement and preparation and
submission to the government on or before September 30 each year, a report containing all
available information and statistics about the press in India with particular reference to the
emerging trends in circulation and in the direction of common ownership units.
Non statutory function of the RNI include the formulation of a newsprint allocation policy –
guidelines and the ability to issue Eligibility certificate to the newspaper to enable them to
import newsprint and to procure indigenous newsprint. The RNI assesses and certificate the
essential needs and requirement of newspaper establishment to import printing and composing
machinery and allied materials.
39
From April 1998 to February 1999. RNI scrutinized 18459 applications for availability of titles
of which 7738 titles were found available for verification. While in the remaining application
title were not found available. During the same period 2693 newspapers periodicals were issued
certificate of registration (2145, fresh CRs and 548 revised CRs) and circulation claims of 1536
newspapers/ periodicals were assessed. Register of newspaper for India (RNI) in starting a
newspaper (daily or periodical) is required to contact the district magistrate or sub – divisional
file a declaration before him in the prescribed from. In declaration the publisher is to mention the
title, language, periodicity and such other particulars of proposed newspaper as are asked for. He
is also required to give a list of alternative titles in order of preference.
The magistrate before authenticity the declaration has to make an enquiry from the registrar of
newspaper for India whether the title (s) proposed are not same similar to that of any other
publication published in same language through the country or in any other language in the same
state. These titles proposed are checked against catalogue of existing title (s) maintained in
registrar office. The magistrate in turn after getting information communicates to publishers
about titles. After obtaining clearance from RNI district magistrate authenticates declaration and
sends an authenticated coffee to office of registrar of newspaper of India. Declaration becomes
void in case the newspaper does not commence publication within 6- weeks of the authentication
and again a fresh declaration has to be field .Each issue newspaper is to have an imprint line
containing the name of the publishers, printer. Editor and the place of printing and publication of
the paper. The name of editor is necessary to be given separately.
Supply of copies: - Every publisher has to send a copy of each issue of his paper within 48 hours
of its publication to the registrar of newspaper for India or other authorized officers at the places
mentioned below depending on language in which the paper published.
REGISTERATION:
As soon as paper has stated publication of publishers is required to send a copy of first issue of
publication to registrar of newspaper of India at press villa simila-1 on receiving first issue of
paper and the copy of authenticates declaration from concerned district magistrate, the office of
registrar of newspaper for India takes the paper on its record and allots a registration number to
it. A certificate of registration is.
40
ANNUAL REPORT:
Registrar of newspaper for India has to submit government each year a report on the state of
press in country on the basis of the annual statement received from him and information obtained
otherwise. It is in turn of newspaper publishers that information as complete as possible is made
available to enable the Registrar to make this report up-to – date and useful.
CERCULATION 0F CHECK:
The press registrar of any gazette officers authorized by him shall have access to any premises
and to any information relating to the newspaper.
For benefit of publishers circulation work has been decentralized. The following gives the
circulation officers in charge having their headquarter at.
North Zone
New Delhi
South Zone Chennai
Western Zone Mumbai
Eastern Zone
Calcutta
There are 18 principals language in which the newspapers are printed which are mentioned in
18th constitution. Bombay Sam char, Gujarat daily published from Mumbai is oldest existing
newspaper. Anand bazaar patrika: Bengali daily from Calcutta is largest single edition
newspaper of India is in second edition Gujarati Newspaper is in third place.
41
NEWS PRINT-
Until 1994---1995 newsprint allocation was regulated by the newsprint control order (1962) and
the newsprint import policy announced by the Government every year newspaper were issued
Entitlement certification of importation and purchase from the scheduled indigenous.
Newsprint mills however newsprint policy is modified every year depending upon the import
policy of the government. Newsprint has been placed under ‘open general license’ with effect
from May, 1st, 1995 and all types of newsprint became importable by all people without any
restriction. Under the latest newsprint policy guidelines for the import of newsprint issued by the
ministry of information and broadcasting authentication of certificate of registration is done by
the registrar f newspaper for India for import of newsprint, on submission of a formal application
and necessary documentary evidence.
ELECCTRONIC NEWS MEDIA.
Most Indian newspapers magazines and media outlets are easily accessible through the internet.
Internet public Library (IPL) is a concise Internet sources for information on Indian newspaper.
The web site lists about 120 online newspapers for India with access to each of those papers for
reading.
The official website for the library of congress in New Delhi is also accessible on the on the
internet where E-Mail contact information is provided. This directory is published biennially.
The directory includes newspaper published in India, the name and language of the newspaper
circulation frequency of circulation and names and address for the publishers of each paper paper
status is also included.
EDUCATION AND TRAINING:
The first diploma of journalism was offered at Aligned Muslim University in 1938 by the late Sir
Shah Mohammad Suleiman, a judge in India (Wolseley 224). Latter on after partition,
universities in Punjab, Madras, Delhi, Calcutta, Mysore, Nagpur, and Osmania offered courses at
undergraduate levels. Professional education in India is largely a need – based enterprise.
Journalist and other mass communicators can perform without specialized training and skill and
can succeed without advanced degrees.
42
CHAPTER-3
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
43
Research Methodology :-
Research methods are used to provide a systematic approach to research and helps in ordering
the data collected in order to be to analyze it and conclude whether it answered a particular
question or not. There are basically, two types of researches, Primary research and secondary
research. We have used both the researches in our study. Our primary research supports the
knowledge and curiosity behind our secondary research.
A) Secondary Research: Secondary research was needed in the study, so as to understand all
the previous researches, studies, and derivation in the above field of media comparisons
for advertising. In our secondary research, we studied various research papers of multiple
authors and publications to get the larger picture of the situation. Our secondary research
is cited in various places in the research paper. The basic purpose of the secondary
research is to back up the actions behind the primary research with the knowledge.
B) Primary Research: Primary research was carried out using various research tools. Primary
research carried various interviews, and questionnaires. It was basically taken from two
perspectives, One was the company perspective and the other was the consumer
perspective.
44
3.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To know the satisfaction level of readers towards Gujarati news paper 2. To know which type of news and supplementary are prepared more by the reader in
Gujarati news paper 3. To provide information to company about why reader prefer news paper as advertising
media
4. To know why people prefer Gujarati news paper whether for
Its local news coverage
Price
Advertisement
5. To study consumer behavior of daily newspaper reader
6. To find out expectation of readers in current scenario & also find out the factor influencing brand loyalty.
7. To study the consumer preference towards The Gujarati Newspaper.
8. To know the consumer preference towards supplement issued by the Gujarati Newspaper.
9. To study the preference of the reader with the present distribution system of newspaper with special reference to agent newspaper vendors.
10. To offer suitable suggestions for enrich the consumer preference of Gujarati news paper.
3.2.SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study is conducted to know the consumer preference of The Gujarati newspaper. This may
help the company to decide upon their new ventured.
The research focuses on the several features of the Gujarati Newspaper and in awareness, suggestion in the market, which may help the company in further development of the newspaper.
The research provides a complete feedback on Gujarti Newspaper which may sincere a backup for their future plans with respect to design area.
45
3.3. Method of Research
There are generally two types of research methods, quantitative and qualitative. These methods
can be used together or separately, one should choose the method most appropriate to the
purpose of the thesis (Cantzler, 1992). The two approaches mainly differ in how to collect and
analyze data. Quantitative method is focusing on statistical instruments and how to prove
relations between different variables Furthermore, it is characterized by a large sample which is
examined via forms, statistical methods and analysis of the data. An advantage of quantitative
research is the high degree of objectivity and due to the large scope of observations it is possible
to make generalizations. Qualitative method on the other hand, means research that generates
descriptive data (Taylor & Bogdan, 1984). It is said that the qualitative method reflects upon
something and that the data collection in this method is focusing on so called “soft” data. The
purpose of the thesis is to get industry opinions and analyze them, Thus Quantitative method was
used.
Following Research methods were used
Questionnaires: The questionnaire was very important aspect of research work. The
questionnaire was constructed for the industry and company people, to get their opinions,
which could further be analyzed and could help further in findings
The type of questions used in the questionnaire were
- Demographic Question
- Multiple choice question with single choice
- Multiple choice question with multiple choice
- Single text box open ended questionnaire
46
Interviews: Interviews are chosen to gather information, a good way for us to get
informed about the current situation. The interview help collecting data leading to solve
the purpose of the research In order to obtain a thorough understanding of the
organizations perspective of advertising in different medium, the authors decided to
interview one of the co-founders of the company. It is not simple to define a qualitative
research, as stated by Lekvall and Wahlbin (2001). A qualitative approach should be
focusing on relatively small samples and the interviews should be low structured and be
analyzed with verbal reasoning.
Research Method: Consumer Perspective
The research with consumers was extremely important for this study. The relevance of audience
criteria to media comparisons hinges on the assumption that media effectiveness is a function of
the extent to which audiences possess characteristics predictive of the future purchase of
advertised items. Which further has various aspects to it like likeliness towards a particular
medium of entertainment, what builds more trust inside a consumer, or what is most action
focused etc. Thus a research was carried out to study the behavioral aspects of consumers in
context of their responses to various medium of advertising.
Method of Research
The method used for the research was Questionnaires. For the purpose of said research, three
different questionnaires were designed having different objectives each.
The questions used in the questionnaire were
Demographic Questions
Multiple choice questions with one answer
Multiple choice question with multiple answers
Rating scales
Open ended, single textbox questions
47
Sample Frame:
The Sample frame for each questionnaire was 300. While getting the questionnaire filled, keen
interest was laid on maintaining the variability in the demographics of the population, so as to
get diverse opinion on the topic.
Research Methodology:
The research methodology for all the three questionnaires is stated as below:
Questionnaire sec. 1:
All of the questions in this section focus on reading of the newspaper. Regardless of how much
you read the newspaper, please tell us about your experience with it . Questionnaire sec. 2:
This section asks about your reactions to An Newspaper.
Questionnaire sec. 3:
This section asks some background questions so we can compare the answers of different kinds of people.
48
3.4. Research Methodology Framework :
Research : Descriptive research Data sources : 1. Secondary data
2. Primary data
Research Approach : Survey method Research Instrument : Questionnaire
Type of Questionnaire : Structure
Type of Questions : Close-ended questions
Sampling Plan :
1. Sampling Unit : Customer of Rajkot ,Ahmedabad ,Gandhinagar
baroda,Surat city Baroda, Surat city.
2. Sample Size : 30 respondents
3. Sampling procedure : Simple random sampling Contact Method : Personal
Mode of collecting data: The respondents will be chosen randomly & Requested Grant interviews.
The questions will then be asked in a predetermined Sequence. The secondary data will be collected from various books, Journals, reports, company’s data base, internet etc.
Data Processing : 1. A number of tables to be prepared to bring out the Main Characteristics of the collected data
2. Inferences to be drawn from the data collected.
49
DATA ANALYSIS
For majority of analysis, percentage technique was used. Inferences were made both by detailed
reading and through technical analysis by established statistical tools. The hypothesis testing was
done by Chi-square test. The highlight of each data set was resented in graphical form.
LIMITATIONS
No work is ever completed without any limitation, there is bound to be some limitations that
restrain the task of researcher. This work is also, not a different case, few of the stark limitation
as faced by researcher are as follows:
1. The study is limited to the news paper readers of Gujarat only 2. Time is the major constraint of the study.
3. Since sample is only 300 which is not a true representative 0f the population as a whole.
4. Level accuracy of the result of research is restricted to the accuracy level with which the
customer have given the answer and the accuracy level cannot be a prediction.
5. The survey is not done throughout the census.
50
CHAPTER 4.
DATA ANALYSIS
AND
INTERPRETATION
51
5.1 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
PART 1 :- DEMOGRAPHICS CHART
1. SEX
Male 189 Female 111
Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.2: MARITAL STATUS]
[FIGURE 5.1.1: SEX]
Among the sample of 300 people, 189 were male and 111 were female.
189
111
MARITAL STATUS
Male
Female
52
2. AGE GROUP
18-25 107
26-35 110 36-45 52
ABOVE 46 31
TOTAL 300
[TABLE 5.1.2: AGE GROUP]
[FIGURE 5.1.2: AGE GROUP]
Out of 300 male, 107 were teenage boys of age 18 to 25 years. 110 were of age 26 to 35 years,
52 were of age 36 to 45 years, and 19 were of age Up to 46.
107110
52
19
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
18-25 26-35 36-45 UP TO 46
AGE
AGE
53
3. OCCUPATION
Business Executive 40 Self – Employed 152
Nurse 2 Teacher 13
Medical officer 4 Politician 3
Lecture 12
Other 74 Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.3: OCCUPATION]
[FIGURE 5.1.3: OCCUPATION]
Out of 300 people, 40 were Self – Employed, 152 were self employed, 2 were nurse ,13
were teacher,4 were medical officer,3 were politician,12 were lecture and 74 were other
occupation .
40
1522
1343
12
74
OCCUPATION
Business Executive
Self -Employed
Nurse
Teacher
Medical Officer
Politicial
Lecture
Other
54
4. EDUCATION
Primary 17 Secondary 28
Post – Secondary 42 College 58
University 52 Post Graduated 72
Other 31
Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.4: EDUCATION]
[FIGURE 5.1.4: EDUCATION]
Out of 3o people, 17 were primary Education, 28 were Secondary Education, 42 were
post Secoundry,58 were college student,52 student done university education,72 have
done post graduated course and 31 were other course.
1728
42
5852
72
31
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
55
Q1: 1. How do you usually get a copy of newspaper?
Buy 123
Supplied at work 56
Public Library 28
School / College 44
Vendor – Retailer 31 Friend 8
Other 10 Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.5: How do you usually get a copy of newspaper?]
[FIGURE 5.1.5: How do you usually get a copy of newspaper?]
Out of 300 people, 123 men said that they buy a newspaper.56 said that they supplied at work.28
said that they read a newspaper form a library, 44 said that they read in school or college, 31 said
they buy from retail copy daiy,8 said that they read from friend and 10 said that they read
newspaper from outside.
123
56
28
44
31
8
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Buy
Supplied at work
Public Library
School / College
Vendor – Retailer
Friend
Other
Q1: How do you usually get a copy of newspaper?
Section 1.All of the questions in this section focus on your reading of the newspaper. Regardless of how much you read the
newspaper, please tell us about your experience with it .
56
Q2: Which newspapers do you read?
Sandesh 42 Divyabhsakar 144
Gujart Samachar 78 Other 36
Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.6: Which newspapers do you read]
[FIGURE 5.1.6: Which newspapers do you read]
In response to this question, 42 people read sandesh newsppaer, 144 people read divyabhaskar,78
people read gujarat samachar and 36 person read other newspaper.
42
144
78
36
Q3: Which newspapers do you read?
Sandesh
Divyabhsakar
Gujarat Samachar
Other
57
Q - 3: How often do you read newspapers?
Daily 231 At least Three Times a week 33
Weekend Only 14 Only Once a week 22
Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.7]: . How often do you read newspapers]
[FIGURE 5.1.7: How often do you read newspapers?]
Out of people 300, 231 people read daily newsppaer,33 person read at least three times in
week,14 person read only weekends and 22 person read in only once week.
0
50
100
150
200
250
Daily At least three times
in week
weekend only only once a week
231
3314 22
Q4:. How often do you read newspapers?
58
Q- 4: How much time do you spend time for reading or looking the newspaper?
1-15 minute 42
16-30 minute 187
31-45 minute 53 46 or more 18
Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.8: How much time do you spend time for reading or looking the newspaper]
[FIGURE 5.1.8: How much time do you spend time for reading or looking the newspaper]
In that case a 33 people say that I read newspaper between 1-15 minute. 66 people say that I read 16-30
Miniute,35 people say that I read 31-45 minute and 12 people said that I read newsppaer to 46 miniute or
more then it.
33
66
35
12
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1-15 Minute 16-30 Minute 31-45 Minute 46 or more
Q5: How much time do you spend time for reading or looking the newspaper
59
Q- 5: . How important are newspapers According to you?
Very Important 160 Important 74
Somewhat important 61 Not important 5
Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.9: How important are newspapers According to you]
[FIGURE 5.1.9: How important are newspapers According to you]
In response to the question that 160 people said that newspaper is very impotant, 74 people say
that it is impotant,61 people say that somewhat important in newspaper and 5 people said that
newspaper is not important.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Very Impotantat Impotant Some what
imporatant
Not impotant
160
74
61
5
Series 2
60
Q – 6 : Which ONE of s the most important item you look for in newspapers?
Political 67 Forgin News 19
Cartoons 7 Business News 32
Advertise 4 Sports 64
Entertainment 49
Science Article 11 Current Affairs 27
Rural News 14 Others 6
Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.10: Which ONE of s the most important item you look for in newspapers ]
[FIGURE 5.1.10: Which ONE of s the most important item you look for in newspapers]
In response to the given question, 300 people voted , in that case 67 people political news look in
newspaper,19 people forgin news,7 people cartoon,32 people look business news,4 people look
in newspaper a advertise,64 people look sports news,49 people look entertainment news,11
people look science article,27 people look current affairs,14 people look a rural news on
newspaper and 6 people look other news.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
7067
19
7
32
4
64
49
11
27
14
6
Q8:Which ONE of s the most important item you look for in newspapers?
61
Q - 7: . Which of these factors motivate you to read newspapers?
Headline 81 Design 16
Layout 5 Picture 148
Well Written Stories 47 Other 3
Total 300
[TABLE 5.1.11: . Which of these factors motivate you to read newspapers?]
[FIGURE 5.1.11: . Which of these factors motivate you to read newspapers]
In response to the given question,81 people said that Headline motivate to read newspaper,16
people said design,5 people said that layout,148 people said that picture is most important to read
newspaer,47 people said that well written stories attract to read newspaper and 3 people said that
other factor considered to read newspaper.
81
165
148
47
3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Headline Design Layout Picture Well Written
StoriesOther
Q9 (A):Which of these factors motivate you to read newspapers
62
A). Purpose of Reading Newspaper?
1) To get information
[TABLE 5.2.1]
[FIGURE 5.2.1]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 132 person strongly agree, 38 people agree, 48 people neither agree nor
disagree, 56 people disagree and 26 people strongly disagree to just read newspaper for getting
information.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
132
38
48 56
26
Strongly Agree 132
Agree 38
Neither Agree nor
disagree
48
Disagree 56
Strongly disagree 26
Total 300
Section 2. This section asks about your reactions to A Newspaper that will appear in the Given Box.
33333333
63
2) To broaden the horizon of general knowledge
[TABLE 5.2.2]
[FIGURE 5.2.2]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 98 person strongly agree, 48 people agree, 112 people neither agree nor
disagree, 23 people disagree and 19 person strongly disagree to read newspaper for to Borden the
horizon of general knowledge.
98
48
112
23 19
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree nor
DisagreeDisagree Storngly Disagree
Strongly Agree 98
Agree 48
Neither Agree nor
disagree
112
Disagree 23
Strongly disagree 19
Total 300
64
3) For searching new jobs
[TABLE 5.2.3]
[FIGURE 5.2.3]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 48 person strongly agree, 38 people agree, 52 people neither agree nor
disagree, 108 people disagree and 54 people strongly disagree to read newspaper for searching a
job.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
4838
52
108
54
Strongly Agree 48
Agree 38
Neither Agree nor
disagree
52
Disagree 108
Strongly disagree 54
Total 300
65
4) For educational purpose
[TABLE 5.2.4]
[FIGURE 5.2.4]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 27 person strongly agree, 42 people agree, 58 people neither agree nor
disagree, 98 people disagree and 75 people strongly disagree to read newspaper for educational
purpose.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
2742
58
98
75
Strongly Agree 27
Agree 42
Neither Agree nor
disagree
58
Disagree 98
Strongly disagree 75
Total 300
66
5) For entertainment
[TABLE 5.2.5]
[FIGURE 5.2.5]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 98 person strongly agree, 27 people agree, 42 people neither agree nor
disagree, 48 people disagree and 85 people strongly disagree to read newspaper for
entertainment.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
98
27
4248
85
Strongly Agree 98
Agree 27
Neither Agree nor
disagree
42
Disagree 48
Strongly disagree 85
Total 300
67
6) To know the sports news
[TABLE 5.2.6]
[FIGURE 5.2.6]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 12 person strongly agree, 28 people agree, 42 people neither agree nor
disagree, 48 people disagree and 120 people strongly disagree to read newspaper for to know the
sports news.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
12
28
42
98
120
Strongly Agree 12
Agree 28
Neither Agree nor
disagree
42
Disagree 98
Strongly disagree 120
Total 300
68
7) As usual task of the day
[TABLE 5.2.7]
[FIGURE 5.2.7]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 17 person strongly agree, 21 people agree, 22 people neither agree nor
disagree, 72 people disagree and 168 people strongly disagree to read newspaper for to as usual
task of the day.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
17 21 22
72
168
Strongly Agree 17
Agree 21
Neither Agree nor
disagree
22
Disagree 72
Strongly disagree 168
Total 300
69
8) To pass the time
[TABLE 5.2.8]
[FIGURE 5.2.8]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 13 person strongly agree, 9 person agree, 32 person neither agree nor
disagree, 158 person disagree and 88 person strongly disagree to read newspaper for pass the
time.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
13 9
32
158
88
Strongly Agree 13
Agree 9
Neither Agree nor
disagree
32
Disagree 158
Strongly disagree 88
Total 300
70
9) It improves status in the society
[TABLE 5.2.9]
[FIGURE 5.2.9]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 8 person strongly agree, 6 person agree, 56 person neither agree nor disagree,
162 person disagree and 68 person strongly disagree to read newspaper for improve status in the
society.
8 6
56
162
68
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly Disagree
Strongly Agree 8
Agree 6
Neither Agree nor
disagree
56
Disagree 162
Strongly disagree 68
Total 300
71
10) To keep abreast with the present happenings of all over the world
[TABLE 5.2.10]
[FIGURE 5.2.10]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 104 person strongly agree, 98 people agree, 22 people neither agree nor
disagree, 42 people disagree and 30 people strongly disagree to read newspaper for To keep
abreast with the present happenings of all over the world.
10498
22
42
30
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly Disagree
Strongly Agree 104
Agree 98
Neither Agree nor
disagree
22
Disagree 42
Strongly disagree 30
Total 300
72
11) For getting various scholarship news
[TABLE 5.2.11]
[FIGURE 5.2.11]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 23 person strongly agree, 43 person agree, 87 person neither agree nor
disagree, 123 person disagree and 24 person strongly disagree to read newspaper for getting various scholarship news.
14
0
50
100
150
Srongly AgreeAgree
Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree
Storngly
Disagree
23 43
87
123
24
Strongly Agree 23
Agree 43
Neither Agree nor
disagree
87
Disagree 123
Strongly disagree 24
Total 300
73
B). According to you Newspaper is..??
1) A newspaper is a part of a community’s character.
[TABLE 5.3.1]
[FIGURE 5.3.1]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 75 person strongly agree, 98 person agree, 58 person neither agree nor
disagree, 42 person disagree and 27 person strongly disagree to A newspaper is a part of a
community’s character.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
75
98
5842
27
Strongly Agree 75
Agree 98
Neither Agree nor
disagree
58
Disagree 42
Strongly disagree 27
Total 300
74
2) A newspaper should observe and report what happens in the community without ever
getting actively involved.
[TABLE 5.3.2]
[FIGURE 5.3.2]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 54 person strongly agree, 108 person agree, 52 person neither agree nor
disagree, 38 person disagree and 48 person strongly disagree to A newspaper should observe and
report what happens in the community without ever getting actively involved.
180
50
100
150
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
54
108
5238
48
Strongly Agree 54
Agree 108
Neither Agree nor
disagree
52
Disagree 38
Strongly disagree 48
Total 300
75
3) Local television newscasts and cable news network shave made newspapers less
important.
[TABLE 5.3.3]
[FIGURE 5.3.3]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 98 person strongly agree, 48 people agree, 112 people neither agree nor
disagree, 23 people disagree and 19 people strongly disagree to Local television newscasts and
cable news network shave made newspapers less important.
180
50
100
150
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
98
48
112
23 19
Strongly Agree 98
Agree 48
Neither Agree nor
disagree
112
Disagree 23
Strongly disagree 19
Total 300
76
4) The newspaper is the best overall source of news.
[TABLE 5.3.4.]
[FIGURE 5.3.4]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 26 person strongly agree, 56 person agree, 48 person neither agree nor
disagree, 38 person disagree and 132 person strongly disagree The newspaper is the best overall
source of news.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
26
56
48 38
132
Strongly Agree 26
Agree 56
Neither Agree nor
disagree
48
Disagree 38
Strongly disagree 132
Total 300
77
5) Other media, such as the local television news, do a better job of covering events and
issues in the community.
[TABLE 5.3.5]
[FIGURE 5.3.5]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 85 person strongly agree, 46 people agree, 42 people neither agree nor
disagree, 27 people disagree and 98 people strongly disagree other media, such as the local
television news, do a better job of covering events and issues in the community.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Srongly
AgreeAgree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
85
48
4227
98
Strongly Agree 85
Agree 48
Neither Agree nor
disagree
42
Disagree 27
Strongly disagree 98
Total 300
78
6) A newspaper should play an active role in improving the community sponsoring
community forums on important issues.
[TABLE 5.3.6]
[FIGURE 5.3.6]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 42 person strongly agree, 98 person agree, 120 person neither agree nor
disagree, 28 person disagree and 12 person strongly disagree A newspaper should play an active
role in improving the community sponsoring community forums on important issues.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly
AgreeAgree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
42
98120
2812
Strongly Agree 42
Agree 98
Neither Agree nor
disagree
120
Disagree 28
Strongly disagree 12
Total 300
79
7) Investigative reporting is the most important job of a newspaper.
[TABLE 5.3.7]
[FIGURE 5.3.7]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 56 person strongly agree, 26 person agree, 38 person neither agree nor
disagree, 48 person disagree and 132 person strongly disagree Investigative reporting is the most
important job of a newspaper.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
5626
38 48
132
Strongly Agree 56
Agree 26
Neither Agree nor
disagree
38
Disagree 48
Strongly disagree 132
Total 300
80
8) I enjoy reading in-depth coverage of local issues.
[TABLE 5.3.8]
[FIGURE 5.3.8]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 38 person strongly agree, 48 person agree, 56 person neither agree nor
disagree, 26 person disagree and 132 person strongly disagree I enjoy reading in-depth coverage
of local issues.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
3848
56
26
132
Strongly Agree 38
Agree 48
Neither Agree nor
disagree
56
Disagree 26
Strongly disagree 132
Total 300
81
9) It is not the job of the newspaper to try to solve the problems of the community, only to
report them.
[TABLE 5.3.9]
[FIGURE 5.3.9]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 27 person strongly agree, 42 person agree, 58 person neither agree nor
disagree, 98 person disagree and 75 person strongly disagree It is not the job of the newspaper to
try to solve the problems of the community, only to report them.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Srongly
AgreeAgree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
27
4258
98
75
Strongly Agree 27
Agree 42
Neither Agree nor
disagree
58
Disagree 98
Strongly disagree 75
Total 300
82
10) I trust the newspaper to weigh the issues and decide what is important for me to know.
[TABLE 5.3.10]
[FIGURE 5.3.10]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 41 person strongly agree, 52 person agree, 38 person neither agree nor
disagree, 54 person disagree and 115 person strongly disagree I trust the newspaper to weigh the
issues and decide what is important for me to know.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
4152
3854
115
Strongly Agree 41
Agree 52
Neither Agree nor
disagree
38
Disagree 54
Strongly disagree 115
Total 300
83
11) I prefer to get news in summary form containing only the most important information
with few details.
[TABLE 5.3.11]
[FIGURE 5.3.11]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 52 person strongly agree, 108 person agree, 54 person neither agree nor
disagree, 38 person disagree and 48 person strongly disagree I prefer to get news in summary
form containing only the most important information with few details.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly
AgreeAgree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
52
108
5438
48
Strongly Agree 52
Agree 108
Neither Agree nor
disagree
54
Disagree 38
Strongly disagree 48
Total 300
84
12) In general, newspaper reporters are fair people who keep their personal feelings out of
the stories they write.
[TABLE 5.3.12]
[FIGURE 5.3.12]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 38 people strongly agree, 28 people agree, 37 people neither agree nor
disagree, 46 people disagree and 151 people strongly disagree In general, newspaper reporters
are fair people who keep their personal feelings out of the stories they write.
0
50
100
150
200
Srongly
AgreeAgree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
38 28
37 46
151
Strongly Agree 38
Agree 28
Neither Agree nor
disagree
37
Disagree 46
Strongly disagree 151
Total 300
85
13) Newspapers reporters should be suspicious of legislators and other government
officials.
[TABLE 5.3.13]
[FIGURE 5.3.13]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 120 person strongly agree, 98 person agree, 42 person neither agree nor
disagree, 28 person disagree and 12 person strongly disagree Newspapers reporters should be
suspicious of legislators and other government officials.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
12098
4228
12
Strongly Agree 120
Agree 98
Neither Agree nor
disagree
42
Disagree 28
Strongly disagree 12
Total 300
86
14) It is important for a local newspaper to cover local news (examples: nearby events, local
government and schools).
[TABLE 5.3.14]
[FIGURE 5.3.14]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 30 person strongly agree, 38 person agree, 27 person neither agree nor
disagree, 57 person disagree and 148 person strongly disagree It is important for a local
newspaper to cover local news (examples: nearby events, local government and schools).
180
50
100
150
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
3038
27
57
148
Strongly Agree 30
Agree 38
Neither Agree nor
disagree
27
Disagree 57
Strongly disagree 148
Total 300
87
15) It is important for a local newspaper to cover National news.
[TABLE 5.3.15]
[FIGURE 5.3.15]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 132 person strongly agree, 28 person agree, 48 person neither agree nor disagree, 32 person disagree and 60 person strongly disagree It is important for a local newspaper to cover national news.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
132
28 48
32
60
Strongly Agree 132
Agree 28
Neither Agree nor
disagree
48
Disagree 32
Strongly disagree 60
Total 300
88
C . The following statement is the advantages of reading Newspaper.
1) Regular part of my day
[TABLE 5.4.1]
[FIGURE 5.4.1]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 168 person strongly agree, 72 person agree, 22 person neither agree nor
disagree, 21 person disagree and 17 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Regular part of my day.
16872
2221
17
Strongly Agree 168
Agree 72
Neither Agree nor
disagree
22
Disagree 21
Strongly disagree 17
Total 300
89
2) Looks out for my interests
[TABLE 5.4.2]
[FIGURE 5.4.2]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 132 person strongly agree, 38 person agree, 48 person neither agree nor
disagree, 56 person disagree and 26 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Looks out for my interests
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
132
3848
56
26
Strongly Agree 132
Agree 38
Neither Agree nor
disagree
48
Disagree 56
Strongly disagree 26
Total 300
90
3) Something to talk about
[TABLE 5.4.3]
[FIGURE 5.4.3]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 98 person strongly agree, 48 person agree, 112 person neither agree nor
disagree, 23 person disagree and 19 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Something to talk about
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
98
48
112
23 19
Strongly Agree 98
Agree 48
Neither Agree nor
disagree
112
Disagree 23
Strongly disagree 19
Total 300
91
4) Makes me smarter
[TABLE 5.4.4 ]
[FIGURE 5.4.4]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 13 person strongly agree, 9 person agree, 32 person neither agree nor
disagree, 158 person disagree and 88 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Makes me
smarter
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
13 9 32
158
88
Strongly Agree 13
Agree 9
Neither Agree nor
disagree
32
Disagree 158
Strongly disagree 88
Total 300
92
5) People I know
[TABLE 5.4.5]
[FIGURE 5.4.5]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 8 person strongly agree, 6 person agree, 56 person neither agree nor disagree, 162 person disagree and 68 person strongly disagree to newspaper is People I know.
0
50
100
150
200
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
86
56
162
68
Strongly Agree 8
Agree 6
Neither Agree nor
disagree
56
Disagree 162
Strongly disagree 68
Total 300
93
6) For inspire me
[TABLE 5.4.6]
[FIGURE 5.4.6]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 27 person strongly agree, 42 person agree, 58 person neither agree nor disagree, 98
person disagree and 75 person strongly disagree to newspaper is For inspires me
0
20
40
60
80
100
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
27
4258
98
75
Strongly Agree 27
Agree 42
Neither Agree nor
disagree
58
Disagree 98
Strongly disagree 75
Total 300
94
7) For Create High quality
[TABLE 5.4.7]
[FIGURE 5.4.7]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 98 person strongly agree, 48 person agree, 112 person neither agree nor disagree, 27
person disagree and 35 person strongly disagree to newspaper is For Create High quality
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly
Agree
Agree Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
Disagree Storngly
Disagree
98
48112
27 35
Strongly Agree 98
Agree 48
Neither Agree nor
disagree
112
Disagree 27
Strongly disagree 35
Total 300
95
8) I connect with the writers
[TABLE 5.4.8]
[FIGURE 5.4.8]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 23 person strongly agree, 43 person agree, 87 person neither agree nor disagree, 123
person disagree and 24 person strongly disagree to newspaper is I connect with the writers
23
43
87
123
24
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
Strongly Agree 23
Agree 43
Neither Agree nor
disagree
87
Disagree 123
Strongly disagree 24
Total 300
96
9) My personal timeout
[TABLE 5.4.9]
[FIGURE 5.4.9]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 13 person strongly agree, 9 person agree, 48 person neither agree nor disagree, 158
person disagree and 72 person strongly disagree to newspaper is My personal timeout
13 948
158
72
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
Strongly Agree 13
Agree 9
Neither Agree nor
disagree
48
Disagree 158
Strongly disagree 72
Total 300
97
10) Makes me more interesting
[TABLE 5.4.10]
[FIGURE 5.4.10]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 123 person strongly agree, 87 person agree, 24 person neither agree nor disagree, 43
person disagree and 23 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Makes me more interesting
0
50
100
150
Srongly
AgreeAgree
Niether
Agree
nor
Disagree
DisagreeStorngly
Disagree
12387
24 4323
Strongly Agree 123
Agree 87
Neither Agree nor
disagree
24
Disagree 43
Strongly disagree 23
Total 300
98
11) Commands my attention
[TABLE 5.4.11]
[FIGURE 5.4.11]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 5 person strongly agree, 18 person agree, 138 person neither agree nor disagree, 58
person disagree and 81 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Commands my attention
5
18
138
58
81
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
Strongly Agree 5
Agree 18
Neither Agree nor
disagree
138
Disagree 58
Strongly disagree 81
Total 300
99
12) Know the story
[TABLE 5.4.12]
[FIGURE 5.4.12]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 42 person strongly agree, 58 person agree, 118 person neither agree nor disagree, 47
person disagree and 35 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Know The story
42
58
118
4735
00
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
Strongly Agree 42
Agree 58
Neither Agree nor
disagree
118
Disagree 47
Strongly disagree 35
Total 300
100
13) Taking a stand
[TABLE 5.4.13]
[FIGURE 5.1.13]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 18 person strongly agree, 6 person agree, 42 person neither agree nor disagree, 117
person disagree and 57 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Taking a stand
18 6 42
177
57
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
Strongly Agree 18
Agree 6
Neither Agree nor
disagree
42
Disagree 177
Strongly disagree 57
Total 300
101
14) For Now the World
[TABLE 5.4.14]
[FIGURE 5.1.14]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 120 person strongly agree, 98 person agree, 42 person neither agree nor disagree, 28
person disagree and 12 person strongly disagree to newspaper is For Now The World
120
98
42
28
120
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
Strongly Agree 120
Agree 98
Neither Agree nor
disagree
42
Disagree 28
Strongly disagree 12
Total 300
102
15) Grabs me visually
[TABLE 5.4.15]
[FIGURE 5.4.15]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 76 person strongly agree, 42 person agree, 101 person neither agree nor disagree, 36
person disagree and 45 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Grabs me visually
76
42
101
3645
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
Strongly Agree 76
Agree 42
Neither Agree nor
disagree
101
Disagree 36
Strongly disagree 45
Total 300
103
16) Makes me want to read
[TABLE 5.4.16]
[FIGURE 5.4.16]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 42 person strongly agree, 158 person agree, 76 person neither agree nor disagree, 14
person disagree and 10 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Makes me want to read
0
50
100
150
200
Srongly
AgreeAgree
Niether
Agree
nor
Disagree
DisagreeStorngly
Disagree
42
158
76
1410
Strongly Agree 42
Agree 158
Neither Agree nor
disagree
76
Disagree 14
Strongly disagree 10
Total 300
104
17) Pass it around
[TABLE 5.4.17]
[FIGURE 5.4.17]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 13 person strongly agree, 12 person agree, 57 person neither agree nor disagree, 108
person disagree and 110 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Pass it around.
1312
57
108 110
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly
Disagree
Strongly Agree 13
Agree 12
Neither Agree nor
disagree
57
Disagree 108
Strongly disagree 110
Total 300
105
18) Ad credibility
[TABLE 5.4.18]
[FIGURE 5.4.18]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 18 person strongly agree, 28 person agree, 42 person neither agree nor disagree, 92
person disagree and 110 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Ad credibility
0
50
100
150
Srongly
AgreeAgree
Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
DisagreeStorngly
Disagree
18 28
42
92 110
Strongly Agree 18
Agree 28
Neither Agree nor
disagree
42
Disagree 92
Strongly disagree 110
Total 300
106
19) Value for my money
[TABLE 5.4.19]
[FIGURE 5.4.19]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 27 person strongly agree, 42 person agree, 58 person neither agree nor disagree, 142
person disagree and 31 person strongly disagree to newspaper is Value for my money
0
50
100
150
Srongly
AgreeAgree
Niether
Agree
nor
Disagree
DisagreeStorngly
Disagree
2742
58
142
31
Strongly Agree 27
Agree 42
Neither Agree nor
disagree
58
Disagree 142
Strongly disagree 31
Total 300
107
20) For Guidance
[TABLE 5.4.20]
[FIGURE 5.4.20]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 58 person strongly agree, 78 person agree, 92 person neither agree nor disagree,42
person disagree and 30 person strongly disagree to newspaper is For Guidance
0
20
40
60
80
100
Srongly
AgreeAgree
Niether
Agree
nor
Disagree
DisagreeStorngly
Disagree
5878
92
4230
Strongly Agree 58
Agree 78
Neither Agree nor
disagree
92
Disagree 42
Strongly disagree 30
Total 300
108
21) For News junkie
[TABLE 5.4.21]
[FIGURE 5.4.21]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 6 person strongly agree, 8 person agree, 162 person neither agree nor disagree,56
person disagree and 68 person strongly disagree to newspaper is For News junkie
68
162
5668
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly Disagree
Strongly Agree 6
Agree 8
Neither Agree nor
disagree
162
Disagree 56
Strongly disagree 68
Total 300
109
22) For Advertisement
[TABLE 5.4.22]
[FIGURE 5.4.22]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 62 person strongly agree, 98 person agree, 72 person neither agree nor disagree,58
person disagree and 10 person strongly disagree to newspaper is For Advertisement
0
20
40
60
80
100
Srongly
AgreeAgree
Niether
Agree nor
Disagree
DisagreeStorngly
Disagree
62
98
72
58
10
Strongly Agree 62
Agree 98
Neither Agree nor
disagree
72
Disagree 58
Strongly disagree 10
Total 300
110
23) For Other Reason
[TABLE 5.4.23]
[FIGURE 5.4.23]
INTERPEATATION
Among the survey 42 person strongly agree, 58 person agree, 68 person neither agree nor disagree,120
person disagree and 12 person strongly disagree to newspaper is For Other Reason.
42
5868
120
120
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Srongly Agree Agree Niether Agree
nor DisagreeDisagree Storngly Disagree
Strongly Agree 42
Agree 58
Neither Agree nor
disagree
68
Disagree 120
Strongly disagree 12
Total 300
111
5 LIMITATION OE THE STUDY
Every study will have its problems and limitations at some point during the project. This study is
no different. The use of a non-probalistic sample in the research was a major limitation because
there was no way to make sure that the sample taken represented the total population of the
Newspaper Readers. A non-probability sample lacks the accuracy and precision that a
probability sample might offer. Though these samples provided a better insight about the readers
but there could be a possibility that a respondent may have read newspaper but is not a regular
part of the day. It was seen that some respondents were biased towards some questions. Another
major limitation encountered doing the research assignment was the issue regarding the time.
112
6 Findings of the Study
1) The determinant factor is selecting a particular newspaper and age groups of the respondents
are dependent.
2) The kind of newspaper which read and the occupational level of respondents are dependent.
3) 63% of the readers are male. This explains that men community must more concentrate to
promote and popularize this newspaper.
4) Age between 20 - 40 has got maximum readers coming to 32%. The maximum readership is
between the age group of 20-40.
5) 30% of the respondents are agriculturist.
6) 55% of the respondents are the subscriber of the Divyabhsakr newspaper.
7) 24% of the respondents are subscribing Sandesh newspaper due to impartiality.
8) 95% of the respondents know about the Gujarati newspaper by self.
9) 42% of the respondents are satisfied with the quality of the newspaper.
10) 52% of the customers got the newspaper through newspaper agent.
11) 78% of the respondents are willing to maintain long term relationship with gujarati
newspaper.
12) 80% of the respondents have expectation from gujarati newspaper newspaper.
13) 44% of the respondent’s rate gujarti newspaper is good.
14) 58% of the respondent’s opinion is sports column is more attractive.
15) 58% of the respondents are not satisfied with the supplement of gujrati newspaer
113
7 RECOMMENDATION
1) Effective advertisement through television should be telecasted to improve sales.
2) Informative article should be added.
3) With the existing constraints of printing the publisher can try to improve the paper quality and printing
style to have more circulation.
4) To add more sports news, educational news and local news.
5) To add more pages in the Sunday special publication.
6) Newspaper will be delivered at proper time.
7) The Gujarati Newspaper publication should concentrate more on its features and news of the
newspaper. They have to increase the quality of the newspaper to complete with its competitors.
114
8 CONCLUSION
In today’s competitive business Environment Company will maintain and attain the Changing
needs and wants of readers, they can differentiate a Company’s service and develop customer
loyalty, helping to sustain profitability in coming days.
What customer wants needs to write in news paper and different different type media
To print in news paper and present what customer need and wants to write it. For example
unemployment people more than in city or place, to news only employment to more than call
form news to write in news paper.
As I completed my Major Concurrent Project in gujarati news paper in Gujarat on topic
“Customer perception to word newspaper” has given a practical picture of overall function of the
unit.
115
9 ANNEXURE
9.1 QUESTIONNAIRE
9.2 NEWS SPECIAL REPORT
116
QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondent, We would request you to spare your precious time in completing this questionnaire, which would enable us to enrich our Knowledge and complete this study successfully.
1. How do you usually get a copy of newspaper? (Mark Only One)
1. Buy 2. Supplied at work 3. Public Library 4. School/ College 5. Vendor – Retailer 6. Friend
7. Other _______________ (please specify). 2. Which newspapers do you read? (Mark Only One)
