CPC Monthly Climate Review

July 2014Yan Xue

Outline:1. Global Patterns2. Tropical Climate Variability

ENSO, MJO, IOD, TAV, Hurricane Season3. Extra-Tropical Climate Variability4. U.S. Climate, Outlooks and Verifications

Thanks to Anthony Artusa, Wanqiu Wang, Pingping Xie, Caihong Wen, Michelle L’Heureux, Jon Gottschalck, Wei Shi, Scott Weaver, Randy Schechter

1. Global Patterns

SST Anomaly (0C) and Anomaly Tendency

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/ocean_briefing.shtml

Upper 300m Heat Content Anomaly (0C) and Anomaly Tendency

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/multiora_body.html

Longitude-Depth Temperature Anomaly and Anomaly Tendency in 1OS-1ON

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/multiora_body.html

Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and E-P Anomaly

From Pingping Xie

SST Indices

SOI < 0: El Nino-LikeSOI > 0: La Nina-Like

OLR < 0: El Nino-LikeOLR > 0: La Nina-Like

u850 < 0: El Nino favorableu850 > 0: La Nina favorable

SOI, Winds and OLR Indices

La Nina-Like

SLP in 5S-5N

Neutral (May-Jul)

U850 in 5S-5N

La Nina-Like

El Nino-Like (Jan-Apr)

La Nina-Like

OLR in 5S-5N

El Nino-Likesince Mar 2014

ENSO, MJO, IOD, TAV, Hurriance

2. Tropical Climate Variability

Weekly ENSO Update

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/MJO/enso.shtml

Depth of 20C Isotherm Anomaly(2S-2N, GODAS)

850mb Zonal Wind Anomaly(5S-5N, NCEP R1)

Tropical Pacific Ocean Observing SystemImplemented last week

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/multiora_body.html

Real-Time Multiple Ocean Reanalysis Intercomparison

-The signal (ensemble mean) to noise (ensemble spread) ratio is relatively small in the western Pacific where negative anomalies dominated near the thermocline and in the eastern Pacific where negative anomalies dominated at depths of 75-150m. The small signal-to-noise ratio is partially related to sparse observations.

GODAS

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS/multiora_body.html

1981-2010 Clim

Upper 300m Heat Content Anomaly (1981-2010 Clim.)

- Positive heat content anomaly presented on equator near Dateline and off-equator along 7S and 5N.- Negative heat content anomaly was observed along the equator between 150W-120W, and in the northwest Pacific along 5N, which are unfavorable for El Nino development.

Warm Water Volume Index Derived From Ensemble Mean of Ocean Reanalyses

JJ 82JJ 97

JJ 14

Jul 2014Jul 1997

(DJF NINO3.4=+2.2)Jul 1982

(DJF NINO3.4=+2.2)

Jul 1991 (DJF NINO3.4=+1.6)

Jul 2009 (DJF NINO3.4=+1.6)

Jul 2006 (DJF NINO3.4=+0.7)

Jul 2002 (DJF NINO3.4=+1.1)JJ 02JJ 91 JJ 06 JJ 09

- Warm Water Volume averaged in Jun-Jul 2014 is weaker than that in Jun-Jul of 2009, 2006 and 1991 and is similar to that of Jun-Jul 2002.

1S-1N5S-5N

Jul 2014

Jul 2009

Jul 2006

Jul 2002

NINO3.4 Forecast Plums

22From Wanqiu Wang

23From Wanqiu Wang

850-hPa Vector Wind Anomalies (m s-1)

Note that shading denotes the zonal wind anomaly

Blue shades: Easterly anomalies

Red shades: Westerly anomalies

Easterly anomalies diminished over the central Indian Ocean.

Westerly anomalies developed near the Date Line and across the Central Pacific.

Westerly anomalies diminished over the Maritime Continent and intensified over the western North Pacific.

OLR Anomalies – Past 30 daysDrier-than-normal conditions, positive OLR anomalies (yellow/red shading)

Wetter-than-normal conditions, negative OLR anomalies (blue shading)

During late June and early July, enhanced (suppressed) convection was observed over both the western and eastern Pacific (northern Indian Ocean and parts of Southeast Asia).

During early to mid-July, enhanced convection developed over the Maritime Continent and central Pacific. The North American Monsoon remained enhanced, while suppressed convection was observed across the eastern Pacific and Central America

Areas of enhanced convection were observed over India, Southeast Asia, the western Pacific, and the central Pacific during mid-July while suppressed convection intensified across the equatorial Indian Ocean.

Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) Anomalies (2.5°N-17.5°N)

Drier-than-normal conditions, positive OLR anomalies (yellow/red shading)

Wetter-than-normal conditions, negative OLR anomalies (blue shading)

(Courtesy of CAWCR Australia Bureau of Meteorology)

Time

Longitude

Since January, enhanced convection has propagated slowly eastward from the Maritime Continent to the central Pacific (red box), interrupted periodically by subseasonal variability.

The MJO became more coherent during April, with the subseasonal envelopes of enhanced and suppressed convection modulating the strength of the low frequency signal. The anomalous tropical convection pattern became largely incoherent during mid-May, with enhanced convection more clear over the eastern Pacific (red box).

During June, the MJO became more organized, primarily over the Indian Ocean, but during July and into early August the pattern has become less coherent.

Evolution of Indian Ocean SST Indices

Fig. I1a. Indian Ocean Dipole region indices, calculated as the area-averaged monthly mean sea surface temperature anomalies (OC) for the SETIO [90ºE-110ºE, 10ºS-0] and WTIO [50ºE-70ºE, 10ºS-10ºN] regions, and Dipole Mode Index, defined as differences between WTIO and SETIO. Data are derived from the NCEP OI SST analysis, and anomalies are departures from the 1981-2010 base period means.

Evolution of Tropical Atlantic SST Indices

Fig. A1a. Tropical Atlantic Variability region indices, calculated as the area-averaged monthly mean sea surface temperature anomalies (ºC) for the TNA [60ºW-30ºW, 5ºN-20ºN], TSA [30ºW-10ºE, 20ºS-0] and ATL3 [20ºW-0, 2.5ºS-2.5ºN] regions, and Meridional Gradient Index, defined as differences between TNA and TSA. Data are derived from the NCEP OI SST analysis, and anomalies are departures from the 1981-2010 base period means.

http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/outlooks/hurricane2014/May/hurricane.shtml

2014 Hurricane Counts(http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane)

- Atlantic Outlook: 8-13 Named Storms (12

average)3-6 Hurricanes (6 average)1-2 Major Hurricanes (3

average)- Atlantic Counts by Aug 4:

0 Named Storms2 Hurricanes0 Major Hurricanes

- E. Pacific Outlook: 14-20 Named Storms (15

average)7-11 Hurricanes (8 average)3-6 Major Hurricanes (4

average)- E. Pacific Counts by Aug 4:

7 Named Storms1 Hurricanes3 Major Hurricanes

3. Extra-Tropical Climate Variability

PDO index

- Pacific Decadal Oscillation is defined as the 1st EOF of monthly ERSST v3b in the North Pacific for the period 1900-1993. PDO index is the standardized projection of the monthly SST anomalies onto the 1st EOF pattern.- The PDO index differs slightly from that of JISAO, which uses a blend of UKMET and OIv1 and OIv2 SST.

NAO Index and SST Anomaly in North Atlantic

Fig. NA2. Monthly standardized NAO index (top) derived from monthly standardized 500-mb height anomalies obtained from the NCEP CDAS in 20ºN-90ºN (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov). Time-Latitude section of SST anomalies averaged between 80ºW and 20ºW (bottom). SST are derived from the NCEP OI SST analysis, and anomalies are departures from the 1981-2010 base period means.

https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/

Sea IceArctic Antarctic

Global Temperatures

Global Precipitation

4. U.S. Climate, Outlooks and Verifications

Atmospheric anomalies over the North Pacific &

North America During the Last 60 Days

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Since early June, an anomalous trough over the central and eastern U.S. has contributed to below-average temperatures in the region.

U.S. Temperature and Precipitation Departures During the Last 30 Days

End Date: 2 August 2014

Percent of Average Precipitation

Temperature Departures (degree C)

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U.S. Temperature and Precipitation Departures During the Last 90 Days

End Date: 2 August 2014

Percent of Average Precipitation

Temperature Departures (degree C)

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DROUGHT MONITORSLSLSLSSSLLLSLSLSLSSSSLSSSSSSSSSSSLSLSLSLSSLLSLSLSLSSSSLSSSSSSSSSSSSSLTheDroughtMonitorfocusesonbroad-scaleconditions.Localconditionsmayvary.Seeaccompanyingtextsummaryforforecaststatements.Lhttp://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/U.S.DroughtMonitorJuly29,2014Valid8a.m.EDT(ReleasedThursday,Jul.31,2014)Intensity:D0AbnormallyDryD1ModerateDroughtD2SevereDroughtD3ExtremeDroughtD4ExceptionalDroughtAuthor:BradRippeyDroughtImpactTypes:S=Short-Term,typicallylessthan6months(e.g.agriculture,grasslands)L=Long-Term,typicallygreaterthan6months(e.g.hydrology,ecology)DelineatesdominantimpactsU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture

- Drought conditions worsened in northern California- Given the 3-year duration of the drought, California’s topsoil

moisture (80% very short to short) and subsoil moisture (85%) reserves are nearly depleted.

- The destructive Sand fire, north of Plymouth, California, burned more than 4,000 acres.

- The first statewide curbs on water use since the current drought began nearly three years ago, implemented on July 29, can lead to fines of up to $500 per day for using a hose to clean a sidewalk or excessively watering their lawns.

AUG TEMP AUG PRCP

Thanks!

Difference between GODAS and CFSR

- The subsurface temperature anomaly in CFSR and GODAS is largely consistent except the cold anomaly at depths of 75-150m near 150W-120W was stronger in GODAS than in CFSR, which is consistent with the comparison with other ocean reanalyses in the previous slide.

Global SSH Anomaly & Anomaly Tendency