CPR and First AidPart 1
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
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Respiratory System
Upper Airway:• Nasal Cavity• Oral Cavity• Pharynx• Epiglottis
Lower Airway:• Larynx• Trachea• Lungs• Bronchus• Bronchioles• Alveoli• Capillaries
Respiratory RatesAge Breaths/minuteAdults 12 – 20 breaths/minute6yrs - adult 18 – 25 breaths/minute1 – 3 yrs 20 – 30 breaths/minute6 months 25 – 40 breaths/minute0-6 weeks 30 – 60 breaths/minute
Tachypnea: more than 20 breaths per minute
Bradypnea: less than 12 breaths per minute
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Heart RatesAge beats/minuteAdults 60 – 1006 yrs – adult 70 – 110 3 – 6 years 80 – 120 6 months – 1yr 90 – 120 1 – 6 weeks 100 – 160 0 – 1 week 120 – 160
Tachycardia: more than 100 beats per minute
Bradycardia: less than 60 beats per minute
BLS Resuscitation & CPRBasic Life Saving Resuscitation & Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
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Follow CABC – CirculationA – AirwayB – Breathing
1. Check for responsiveness - Tap and Shout
2. Call for Help
3. Look, Listen & Feel• Breaths present? Chest moving up and down?
• Rate, rhythm, quality, depth• Pulse present? (Carotid)
4. 30 Chest Pumps• Heel of hand at center of chest, other hand on
top• Press chest in 5cm at rate of 100/min
5. Open Airway• Head Tilt/Chin Lift• Jaw Thrust
6. 2 Rescue Breaths at a rate of 1/second
7. Check for chest rise and fall. If not…
8. Reposition, 2 rescue Breaths again
9. Repeat 30 chest compressions
10.Repeat 2 Rescue Breaths
11.Continue until help arrives
Compression/Ventilation Ratio
30 : 2Compression Rate
100/min
Bee Gees
Queen
2 Person CPR• One person giving compressions, one person giving breaths
• Maintain 30:2 ratio
• Maintain 100 compressions / min
• Switch places every 5 cycles or every 2 minutes
Infant CPR• Same as adult CPR, but use 2 fingers
• Compress chest 1/3 – 1/2 the depth of the chest
AEDAutomated External Defibrillator
What is an AED? Measures the heart rhythm Decides if it can shock the
heart Shocks heart Restarts the heartbeat
AED Procedure Turn on AED – follow instructions Remove clothing (provided scissors) Place pads on patient Plug pads in Step away from patient— “I’m clear, you’re clear,
we’re all clear.” Remain not touching patient. If shock is advised
deliver shock Resume CPR with compressions If shock is not advised, continue with compressions
AED Pads:Child pads: May NOT be used on
adults
Adult pads: MAY be used on children and adults
Choking & Airway Obstruction
How do you know someone is choking? If coughing—airway still clear If speaking—airway still clear If yelling—airway still clearHeavy breathing—airway still clear
Universal sign for choking
Abdominal ThrustsAdult Child
Pregnant Woman – Chest Thrusts Baby
If the person passes out….Start CPR