Cranes introduction ppt

7/27/2019 Cranes introduction ppt

1/55

CRANES

TOTAL SOUTH PARS


2/55

Ident i f icat ion and Capacity

The manufacturer must issue a Test Certificate for every

crane he produces, identifying it and specifying the SafeWorking Load (SWL) which must be clearly marked on

the Crane structure.

Safe Working Load


3/55

In large organisations which have their own

system of plant identification it should relate to

the ManufacturersCertificate.

Identification

Number


4/55

Maintenance

Apart form Statutory Inspections, Cranes should beinspected regularly by the users own staff and

preventative maintenance schedules followed. Records

should be kept of these checks and of any work done,

especially if it is in response to a Statutory Inspection

requirement.


5/55

Safety MeasuresTo protect both the Operator and the Crane itself, anumber of safety devices are incorporated in the design

of the Crane and these include :


6/55

1)Overtravel Sw itchesTo prevent the hook or sheave block from being

raised right up to the cable drum, a robust limit

switch should be fitted to the crab or upper

sheave block. Checks of this limit switch should

be included in routine inspections.

NO


7/55

2) Protec t ion o f BareConductors

Where bare pick-up conductors are used to carry

the power supply they must be shielded formaccidental contact particularly if near cabin access.

Suitably worded notices, e.g. WARNING BARE

LIVE WIRES, should be posted on the walls or

building structure. The power supply isolatingswitch posted on the walls or building structure. The

power supply isolating switch should be provided

with means for locking-off during maintenance

work.


8/55

3)Con tro lsThe controls of Cranes, whether cabin, pendant or radio,

should be clearly identified to prevent inadvertentoperation. On Overhead Electric Travelling (OET)

cranes with electric pendant controls the directions of

travel should be unambiguously marked. Controls

should be of the Dead-Mantype.


9/55

4)Load Ind icators

Load Indicators are required to be fitted to jib cranes and can beused with benefit on all cranes.

There are two types :

A) A load / radius indicator that shows the radius at which the

crane is working and the safe load at that radius. It must be

clearly visible to the driver.B) An automatic Safe Load Indicator that warns, either visually or

audibly, that the load is approaching the maximum safe level

or that it has exceeded that value.


10/55

5)Safety Catches

Wherever practicable, crane hooks should be fitted withsafety catches9 to prevent slings, chains, ropes, etc. from

jumpingoff the hook.

NO!


11/55

6)Emergency EscapeWhere, on travelling cranes, access to the cab is not anintegral part of the crane, suitable escape equipment should

be provided to enable the driver to reach the ground quickly

and safety in an emergency.


12/55

7) Safe means of access should be provided to enable:

a) the Driver to reach his operating position;

b) the necessary inspections and maintenancework to be carried out safely.


13/55

8)Operat ing Posi t ionThe arrangement of the driverscab should ensure:

a) a clear view of the operating area and loads;

b) all controls are easily reached by the driver

without the need for excessive movements of arms

or legs;

c) all controls are clearly marked as to theirfunction and method of operation.


14/55

9)PassengersNo one, other than the driver, should be allowed on the

Crane when it is operating unless there is a specialreason for being there and it has been authorised.

Ridingthe hookis prohibited but should it be necessary

to carry persons, the properly designed and approved

chair or cradle should be used.


15/55

Harness to be

clipped to hook

of crane NOT tobasket.

Man Basket must be of an

approved type.

(Bureau veritas inspected)


16/55

10)Safe Working Load

All cranes should be marked with their Safe WorkingLoad which must never be exceeded except for test

purposes. If there is any doubt of the weight to be lifted,

advice should be sought.


17/55

Crane Operat ions

With many cranes including overhead electric travelling,mobile jib and Construction Tower Cranes, the safe

moving of loads relies on team effort involving the driver,

slinger and sometimes a separate Signaller (or

Banksman).


18/55


19/55

Only one person, the Signaller or if there is no Signaller

the Slinger, should give signals to the Driver and these

should be clearly understood by both. Slingers, Signallersand Driver should be properly trained, medically fit and

of a steady disposition.

Steady Disposition !


20/55


21/55

Safe operat ing techniques fo r CranesThere are certain basic techniques that must be practiced

to ensure the safest possible operation of the Crane.

These techniques include:


22/55

1) The driver carrying out a brief check of the

Crane at the beginning of his shift. The itemschecked may vary in different factories, but they

should be agreed locally.


23/55

2) Loads should NOT be left hanging on the hook at the

end of a shift.

3) Those working above floor level who are likely to be

struck by the crane or its load MUST BE WARNED.


24/55

4) The crane must not approach nearer than 7 meters to

anyone working on the trench.

7 meters


25/55

5) Loads should not be carried over people.Assaluyeh Site Regulations state.

Drop zone (length of JIB radius) PLUS (+) 10 metersMUST be barriered and vacated of ALL personnel.

Barrier =

r + 10m


26/55

6) Loads must be lifted vertically-the crane must not be

used to drag a load.


27/55

7) Power to the Crane should be switched off

when the Crane is left unattended.


28/55

Mobile jib Cranes present extra hazards in use.

Particular points requiring attention include:

8) The travelling height of the Crane with jib lowered and

raised should be marked on the Crane.


29/55

9) Overhead obstructions or hazards should be clearly

identified and marked with the maximum clearance

height.

10) Care should be taken to ensure that no one is trapped

by counter-balance weight, etc., as the crane slews.


30/55

11) The condition of the ground should be checked before

lifting with a mobile crane and it should not approach

close to excavations.


31/55

12) Tandem lifts should be avoided if possible. If they

must be undertaken, it must be by a fully trained gang

under the a Strict Control of a Competent Person.


32/55


33/55


34/55

Whilst work is in progress:

Check that there is an up-to- to-date Test Certificate.


35/55

Check that the daily/weekly

inspections are being carried out.


36/55

Ensure that the Crane is operating from

planned / approved position only.


37/55

Ensure that the Banksman is

working in the correct manner.


38/55

Ensure that the correct Lifting Gear is being used.


39/55

Ensure that outriggers are being used,

and are adequately supported.


40/55

Check that the safe load / radius indicator

is in working order.


41/55

Check that the Tyres / Tracks are at the correct

pressure and in good, clean condition.


42/55

Check that the Crane is kept at a safe,

predetermined distance from open excavations, etc.


43/55

Check that, when travelling, the load is carried as near to

the ground as possible and that hand lines are being used.


44/55

Check that when travelling on sloping ground the

driver changes the radius to accommodate the moving

of the load OR !


45/55

Shock loading a Boom can result in this !

Fall of three people 20 m.

20 Meter


46/55

Check that loads are not being slewed over

persons and that persons and that persons are

not standing or walking under the load.

NO!


47/55

Automatic safe load indicatorAll Cranes with a lifting capacity in excess of 1 ton

must be fitted with an approved type of automatic safe

load indicator.


48/55

It is the responsibility of the operator to:

(a) Determine the type of Indicator fitted;

(b) Determine how the adjustments are made;(c) Ensure that it is correctly adjusted for the various

lifting duties;

(d) Ensure that the electrical circuit is tested for

serviceability;

(e) Take immediate action when an overload is indicated.


49/55

The signals given by the indicator take the form of colouredl ight, a dial indicator or both and a bell .

Green/white --Indicator adjusted for freeduties

Blue -- Indicator adjusted for blockedduties

Amber -- Maximum safe load being approached

Red -- Overload condition reached.


50/55

The red light will be supported by a bell to

give an audible warning of overload.


51/55

Always use Tag Lines !


52/55

Certification


53/55

Certification


54/55

Certification


55/55

Date post:	14-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	dsn-sarma
View:	217 times
Download:	0 times

Cranes introduction ppt

Documents