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PowerPoint Presentation
Crash Investigation and Black Spot Assessment
By
Ravishankar RajaramanTechnical Director, JP Research India Pvt. Ltd.Chairman, RASSI Technical Committee
WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision ZeroBhubaneswar, 18-20 September 2016
Saving lives through accident research!
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JPRI Crash Investigation Methodology
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Lack of reliable crash data19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero3
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Changing the way India looks at crashesScientific basis required.
Purpose should not be limited to which driver is responsible for the crash.
Determination of all possible contributing factors leading to the crash and the consequential injuries.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero4
Saving lives through accident research!Example caseCrash location: IntersectionCrash time: 01:15 hrsOne occupant of car fatal.The occupant was entrapped and evacuation took hours.
TRUCKCAR19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero5Courtesy: Google Earth
Saving lives through accident research!Crash Scene Examination Travel direction of tipper
Car19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero6
Identification and marking of vehicle trajectories (skid/brake marks), point of impact and final resting positions.
Taking pictures and measurements.
Saving lives through accident research!
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Crash Scene Diagram (to scale)
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Saving lives through accident research!Crash Vehicle Examination19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero8
Saving lives through accident research!CCTV Footage19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero9
Courtesy: Ahmedabad City Police
Saving lives through accident research!Speed Estimation Tipper
Time - 1:45:705 (m:ss:ms)Time - 1:47:278 (m:ss:ms)Distance : 17.4m for tipper19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero10
Saving lives through accident research!Speed Estimation Car
Time - 1:45:685 (m:ss:ms)Time - 1:47:269 (m:ss:ms)Distance : 9m for car
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Saving lives through accident research!Speed CalculationsVelocities to be foundValuesResults (kmph)Tipper average speed (kmph) V = distance / time (m/s) x 3.6d = 17.4 m t = 1.573 s40Car average speed (kmph)V = distance / time (m/s) x 3.6d = 9 mt = 1.825 s18
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Saving lives through accident research!Accident View
Tipper driver view19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero13Reconstruction: PC Crash Simulation
Driver vision obstruction due to median plantation and structures.
Low sight distance resulted in late reaction by tipper driver.
Saving lives through accident research!Contributing factors for this crashOverloaded tipperCar driver did not wait to check before crossingCar occupant entrapmentCar occupant evacuation timeVision obstruction because of median plantation
Is there a more systematic way to identify these factors?Haddon Matrix.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero14
Saving lives through accident research!Haddon MatrixCreated by Dr. William Haddon Jr. A physician and doctor.Widely considered to be the father of modern injury epidemiology.Haddon Matrix was developed in the late 1950s.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero15
Dr. William Haddon Jr. Source: www.icadts.org
Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3 FactorsSpecifying and examining the 3 factors19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero16HUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTURE/ ENVIRONMENT
Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3 PhasesIn a timeline of 3 phases of a traffic accident:
Pre-crash: Prevention of crash
Crash: Prevention/reduction of injury
Post-crash: Life-sustaining
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Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3 x 319 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero18
PHASESFACTORS
Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero19FACTORSPHASEHUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTUREPRE-CRASHCrash PreventionInformationAttitudesImpairmentPolice enforcementRoadworthinessWorking lightsGood brakesHandlingSpeed controlRoad design and layoutSpeed limitsPedestrian FacilitiesCRASHInjury prevention during the crashUse of safety systemsOccupant restraintsOther Safety devicesCrash protective designCrash protective roadside objectsPOST-CRASHLife SustainingFirst-aid skillAccess to medicsEase of accessFire riskRescue facilitiesCongestion
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Saving lives through accident research!Apply Haddon Matrix to tipper-car crash19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero20FACTORSPHASEHUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTUREPRE-CRASHCrash PreventionInformationAttitudesImpairmentPolice enforcementRoadworthinessWorking lightsGood brakesHandlingSpeed controlRoad design and layoutSpeed limitsPedestrian FacilitiesCRASHInjury prevention during the crashUse of safety systemsOccupant restraintsOther Safety devicesCrash protective designCrash protective roadside objectsPOST-CRASHLife SustainingFirst-aid skillAccess to medicsEase of accessFire riskRescue facilitiesCongestion
Car - Violation of right of way
Truck - OverloadingCar - Passenger compartment intrusionVision obstruction due to median plantationCar Occupant EntrapmentCar Occupant Evacuation
Saving lives through accident research!JPRI-EMBARQ India Crash Data Collection Forms3-4 page form and coding manual for in-depth data collection 19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero21
Saving lives through accident research!Analysis: Fatal Pedestrian Accidents in Kolkata City
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Infrastructure has 100% influence on the occurrence of fatal pedestrian accidents
Poor Pedestrian InfrastructureSource: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015
Saving lives through accident research!Contributing factors for fatal pedestrian accidentsHuman (81%)Vehicle (100%)Infrastructure (100%)Speeding more than 30Kmph (77%)Pedestrian knocked down to the ground (66%)Poor pedestrian infrastructure crossing (72%)Driver inattention / Distraction (8%)Pedestrian run over (34%)Poor pedestrian infrastructure walking alongside (28%)NoneVision obstruction due to vehicle interiors (8%)None
19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero23Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015
Saving lives through accident research!Black spots19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero24
GPS Coordinates of 316 fatal accidents from Nov 2014 to Nov 2015.
No 2 fatal accidents occurred at the same location.
Fatal accidents are widely spread around Kolkata city.
Saving lives through accident research!
Infrastructure factors leading to fatal pedestrian crossing accidents72% of fatal pedestrian accident occurs when pedestrians are trying to cross the road. 76% of fatal pedestrian crossing accident occurs at or near junctions.
19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero25Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015
Saving lives through accident research!Example fatal pedestrian crossing accidentCrossing distance >10 m19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero26
Source: Kolkata Traffic Police
Saving lives through accident research!Infrastructure factors leading to fatal pedestrian walking alongside accidents28% of fatal pedestrian accidents occur when pedestrians are walking alongside the road.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero27
Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015
Saving lives through accident research!Black spot assessment on Mum Pune EwayZero Fatality Corridor Project
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Making Overhead Bridge Pillars Forgiving19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero29
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ASSESS ROAD SAFETY USING CRASH DATA
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Saving lives through accident research!SummaryOn-site crash investigations required for reliable crash data.
Haddon Matrix needs to be applied for systematic determination of all contributing factors in a crash.
Contributing Infrastructure Factors identified can then be analysed for assessing black spot issues and providing suitable interventions.
Infrastructure design has a significant influence on road accidents.
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Saving lives through accident research!Thank You
KOLKATA
PUNE
AHMEDABAD
[email protected] September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero32
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