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What is the Purpose of Stock?
• In exchange for giving up a tiny fraction of control, businesses are given cash to expand.
Stock Market Crash
• Bull Market: long period of rising stock prices
• Bull markets lasts only as long as investors continue putting new money in it.
• By the latter half of 1929, the market was running out of new customers
September 1929
• Professional investors sensed danger and began to sell off their holdings.
• Prices slipped
• Other investors sold shares to pay interest on their brokerage loans
• Prices fell further
Black Tuesday
• Prices took the steepest dive yet
• 16 million shares of stock were sold
• The market lost between $10 billion and $15 billion dollars in value
• Some people lost their whole fortunes
• The crash undermines the economy’s ability to overcome other weaknesses
Financial Collapse
• Because the stock market crashes, the overall financial industry in America collapses
• Remember, in economies all the industries are intertwined
Bank Failures
• By 1929 banks had loaned $6 billion to stock speculators
• When stock values collapsed, banks lost money on their investments, and speculators could not pay back their loans
• Banks suffered serious financial losses, so they drastically cut back on the loans they made
• Now with less credit available, people couldn’t borrow or spend as much money. This put the economy in a recession
• Some banks couldn’t recover from the losses and had to close
• By 1932, nearly 3,500 banks closed (more than ten percent of the nation’s banks)
Run on Banks
• At this time, the government did not insure bank deposits
• So, if a bank collapses, customers (even if the didn’t invest in the stock market) lost their money
• News of bank failures worried Americans
• Bank Run: many people withdraw their money all at the same time
• If too many people withdraw their money, the bank will collapse
Business Failures
• Common attitude now was, “If you didn’t need it, you didn’t buy it.”
• Businesses rely on people buying their product. If people aren’t buying the businesses aren’t going to survive.
• By 1932, at least 30,000 businesses close
• By the end of the Great Depression, 80,000 close
Unemployment
• At the height of the Great Depression, 25% of working people were unemployed.
• We are facing tough times today in our economy, but are unemployment rate is at about 12%.
• Just like today, during the Great Depression, some places were higher in unemployment and some were lower