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CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko...

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Crea%ng a Faiyum Portrait Using Egg Tempera Paint
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Page 1: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Crea%ng  a  Faiyum  Portrait  Using  Egg  Tempera  Paint  

Page 2: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

In  this  lesson  sequence,  SBMA  

Teaching  Ar%st  Itoko  Maeno  demonstrates  

how  to  paint  a  portrait  using  egg  tempera  paint.  The  process  is  similar  to  the  one  used  by  the  ancient  ar%st  who  created  the  SBMA  Faiyum  Mummy  

Portrait  of  a  Woman.    

Page 3: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Materials  for  this  project:  

The  original  ar%st  used:    

v  the  yolk  of  a  fresh  egg  v  a  small  amount  of  water  v  grinding  stone  v  minerals  or  stone  v  a  wood  panel,  coated  in  in  a  mix  of  animal  glues    and  gypsum  (a  

white  powdery  earth  substance)  v  a  small  animal  hair  brush  v  black  ink  v  an  instrument  for  piecing  the  egg  sac  v  a  bowl  for  the  pure  egg  yolk  v  a  completed  ink  sketch  (on  the  wooden  panel)  of  the  woman  

depicted  in  the  SBMA    Faiyum  Mummy  Portrait  of  a  Woman    

We  will  use:    

v  the  yolk  of  a  fresh  egg  v  a  small  amount  of  water  in  a  container  v  a  piece  of  sand  paper  v  stones,  chalk  pastels,  or  powdered  tempera  paint  v  watercolor  paper  (140  lb.)  cut  to  5”  x  7”  or  8”  x  10”    v  a  pencil  v  small  paint  brush  v  a  craS  s%ck  or  other  mixing  implement  v  paper  towel  and  a  paper  plate  v  a  toothpick  v  a  bowl  for  the  pure  egg  yolk  v  a  completed  sketch  of  a  subject  (see  the  next  slide)  

Page 4: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Before  mixing  paints,  students  should  complete  a  portrait  sketch.  Some  possibili%es  include:  v  a  sketch  of  the  woman  in  the  Faiyum  Mummy  

Portrait  v  a  sketch  of  a  god  or  goddess  v  a  sketch  of  a  person  from  history    v  a  sketch  of  a  contemporary  person    In  keeping  with  the  history  and  purpose  of  the  SBMA  Faiyum  Mummy  Portrait  of  a  Woman,  students  may  choose  to  create  a  self-­‐portrait  sketch.  A  Faiyum  pain%ng  was  naturalis%c,  and  oSen  depicted  a  person  at  a  par%cular  %me  in  his/her  life.  Students  may  choose  to  capture  their  likeness  and  spirit  in  their  sketches,  as  an  alternate  to  a  tradi%onal  school  photograph.          Please  refer  to  two  other  presenta%ons  on  this  website:  the  SBMA  Portrait  Sketching  Lesson  and  Portrait  Propor:ons  Lesson.  

Page 5: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Begin  by  preparing  powdered  pigments.  In  the  method  illustrated  above,  the  ar%st  collects  soS  stones  in  various  colors  and  rubs  them  against  coarse  sandpaper  to  create  colored  powders.  This  process  is  %me  consuming,  but  it  is  possible  to  produce  organic  pigments  in  a  manner  that  is  similar  to  the  original  grinding  process  used  by  ancient  and  Renaissance  ar%sts.        

An  alterna%ve  method  is  to  mimic  the  original  produc%on  process  by  rubbing  pieces  of  chalk  pastels  against  rough  sand  paper.  These  ground  pigments  work  well  for  this  project,  and  chalk  pastels  come  in  a  variety  of  colors.      

A  third  choice  is  to  simply  use  powdered  tempera  paint.    

Preparing  the  Egg  Tempera  Paint  

Page 6: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

When  the  powdered  pigments  are  ready  to  mix  with  the  egg  yolk,  it  is  %me  for  the  following  Teacher  Demonstra%on.    Teachers  should  experiment  with  this  simple  process  before  demonstra%ng  it  to  students.    

Page 7: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

First  step  –  assemble  a  fresh  egg,  a  bowl  or  container  for  the  egg  yolk,  and  a  toothpick.  Have  some  paper  towels  or  rags  nearby.    Begin  by  holding  a  fresh  egg  over  a  bowl  or  plas%c  container  and  cracking  it,  but  do  not  drop  the  en%re  contents  (yolk  and  egg  white)  into  the  container.    

Separate  the  yolk  from  the  egg  white  by  pouring  the  yolk  from  one  half  shell  to  the  other,  allowing  the  egg  white  to  fall  into  the  bowl  below.  

Page 8: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

 ASer  all  of  the  egg  white  is  gone,  demonstrate  how  to  gently  pour  the  intact  egg  yolk  into  the  palm  of  one  hand.  Show  students  how  to  carefully  roll  the  yolk  from  one  hand  to  the  other,  each  %me  wiping  their  free  hand  on  paper  towels  to  remove  excess  egg  white.  

Next,  demonstrate  how  to  “pinch”  the  yolk  by  liSing  it  over  the  bowl  between  the  thumb  and  index  finger.  Then  “pop”  the  yolk  with  a  toothpick.      The  contents  of  the  yolk  sac  will  run  into  the  bowl,  leaving  the  thin  sac  between  the  thumb  and  index  finger.  Discard  the  yolk  sac.  

Page 9: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

The  contents  of  the  yolk  sac  will  mix  easily  (see  the  next  steps)  with  the  powdered  pigments  to  create  the  egg  tempera    paint.        

The  egg  yolk  will  serve  as  a  “binder”  for  the  powdered  pigment.  Why  is  it  important  to  separate  the  egg  yolk  from  the  egg  white  and  remove  the  egg  sac?  The  percentage  of  albumin  in  the  white  of  the  egg  is  too  low  to  make  good  paint,  and  the  egg  sac  will  not  mix  well  with  the  powdered  pigment.  

Note:  ASer  demonstra%ng  the  steps  described  above,  a  teacher  could  distribute  small  containers  of  prepared  egg  yolk.  An  egg  separator  simplifies  the  process.  However,  if  group  size  and  %me  allows  individual  students  to  follow  the  procedures  described  above,  they  will  experience  the  authen%c  process  ancient  and  Renaissance  ar%sts  used  in  their  workshops.    

Page 10: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Pick  up  some  of  the  egg  yolk  with  the  %p  of  the  craS  s%ck.    

Place  a  puddle  of  yolk  on  the  center  of  a  paper  plate  (the  small  heaps  of  powdered  pigment  surround  the  egg  yolk).  

Page 11: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

1)  Pick  up  some  of  the  egg  yolk  with  the  %p  of  your  brush.    

2)  Mix  the  egg  yolk  with  a  pigment  of  your  choice.  You  may  choose  to  mix  different  powdered  pigments  together  to  obtain  the  right  color  for  the  background,  skin,  or  hair,  etc.      

3)  Add    a  small  amount  of  water  to  achieve  the  right  consistency  –  the  paint  should  be  smooth  with  a  gravy-­‐like  thickness.    1  

3  2  

Page 12: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Itoko  applies  the  egg  tempera  paint  in  small  amounts,  using  short  strokes.    

Page 13: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Now  Itoko  is  ready  to  let  the  paint  on  face  completely  dry.      The  paint  dries  very  quickly.      ASer  it  dries,  it  is  possible  to  add  layer  upon  layer  of  addi%onal  paint,  achieving  a  richness  of  color  and  shading.    While  the  paint  on  the  face  is  drying,  Itoko  begins  to  work  on  crea%ng  the  right  color  for  the  background.        

Page 14: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Itoko  experiments  with  mixing  red,  blue,  and  gold  together  to  achieve  a  deep,  bluish-­‐brown  color.  She  wants  to  mix  warm  brown  with  a  cooler  blue.  How  will  she  do  it?    

She  knows  that  mixing  red  and  green  together  will  create  brown.    

She  has  red  pigment,  but  she  needs  to  mix  green  into  it.    Therefore,  she  combines  yellow  and  blue  pigment  to  make  green.      

Then  she  mixes  the  green  and  red  pigment    together  to  make  brown,  and  gradually  adds  blue  pigment  un%l  she  mixes  just  the  right  color  for  her  background.  She  could  have  mixed  black,  white,  and  blue,  but  the  color  she  achieved  by  mixing  pigments  is  more  complex,  with  subtle  undertones  that  enhance  the  colora%on.        

Itoko  experiments  with  the  pigments  to  mix    the  exact  color  of  her  choice.    

Page 15: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

 At  this  point,  students  can  mix  the  background  color  of  their  choice,  making  sure  it  will  contrast  with  the  skin  tones.  Then,  they  can  paint  in  the  first  layers  of  the  background.      Itoko  will  move  on  to  the  next  steps  in  the  pain%ng  demonstra%on,  but  students  should  paint  in  the  en%re  background  with  the  first  layer  of  color.    

Page 16: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Next,  Itoko  mixes  some  white  powdered  pigment  with  the  egg  yolk.(1)  She  is  ready  to  apply  some  creamy  white  paint  to  create  the  “whites”  of  the  woman’s  large  eyes.  (2)  

1  

2  

3  

4  

She  paints  the  irises  of  the  woman’s  eyes  a  deep  gray  color,  but  Itoko  decides  it  is  not  strong  enough.(3)  Itoko  grinds  some  black  pastel  into  powder  (4),  and  strengthens  the  gray  pigment  un%l  it  is  a  rich,  nearly  black  color  .  Now  when  you  look  at  the  woman’s  eyes,  they  make  a  definite  statement!  (5)  

5  

Page 17: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

While  the  eyes  are  drying,  Itoko  will  go  back  to  comple%ng  the  background.  She  applies  the  bluish-­‐gray  color  she  mixed  previously,  and  paints  it  all  over  the  background.  (1)  Then  she  adds  some  black  (2)  to  the  bluish-­‐gray  background  to  heighten  the  contrast  of  the  overall  pain%ng.  Now  the  woman’s  face  stands  out  against  the  deeper  colors.    Finally,  Itoko  mixes  and  adds  more  blue  over  the  black  (3),  as  some  of  the  blue  tones  were  lost  when  she  deepened  the  background  with  black.  This  layering  process  allows  the  ar%st  to  achieve  depth  and  contrast.  

1  

2  

3  

3  

Page 18: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Itoko  completes  the  finishing  steps  more  quickly:    (1)  She  adds  brown    for  the  woman’s  hair.  She  will  let  this  first  layer  of  pigment  dry  ,  and  then  and  darker  tones  later.    (2)  Using  a  small  brush,  she  outlines  the  woman’s  eyes  with  a  soS  black  stroke  of  paint.      (3)  She  adds  width  and  defini%on  to  the  woman’s  eyebrows  with  a  dark  gray  color.    (4)  She  pencils  in  more  shading/defini%on  to  the  woman’s  lips  and  nostrils,  which  she  will  paint  over  later.    (5)  Using  different  tones  of  light  brown,  she  paints  in  loose,  wider  strokes  for  the  woman’s  tunic  and  cloak.        

1  

2  3  

4  

5  

Page 19: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

A  small  touch  of  white  to  each  eye  creates  an  important  highlight  –  a  sparkle  that  adds  to  this  ancient  woman’s  %melessness.  The  black  paint  of  the  iris  should  be  dry  before  adding  a  white  highlight.    

Page 20: CreangaFaiyumPortraitUsingEggTemperaPaint Egg T… · Inthislesson sequence,SBMA TeachingArstItoko Maenodemonstrates howtopainta portraitusingegg temperapaint.The processissimilarto

Itoko  adds  new  layers  of  skin  tones  to  the  woman’s  neck,  and  stronger  color  to  her  lips.    She  brushes  on  a  hint  of  rose-­‐colored  pigment  to  her  cheeks.    As  a  final  touch,  she  adds  slightly  deeper  tones  to  the  leS  side  of  the  woman’s  neck,  indica%ng  that  the  light  source  is  coming  downward  from  the  upper  right.    She  adds  a  slight  shadow  beneath  her  chin,  and  slightly  deepens  the  color  of  the  hair.      The  final  touch?  Spots  of  white  for  this  elegant  woman’s  earrings.    

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Some%mes  ar%sts  learn  about  new  media,  processes,  and  techniques  by  imita%ng  an  original  ar%st.  Itoko  was  eager  to  work  under  the  influence  of  the  ancient  ar%st  who  create  this  portrait,  and  to  experiment  with  using  egg  tempera  paints.    Next,  she  will  apply  her  discoveries  to  a  new  work  –  her  own  self-­‐portrait,  and  she  invites  student  ar%sts  to  do  the  same.          

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 Credits  and  Permissions:    

This  presenta%on  is  for  instruc%onal  use  only  and  is  not  to  be  altered  in  any  way,  or  reproduced  without  agribu%on.    

 For  further  informa%on  about  these  or  other  SBMA  Educa%on  and  Outreach  

Programs  contact  [email protected]      

Presenta%on  created  by  Joni  Chancer,  Program  and  Performance  Consultant  to  the  Santa  Barbara  Museum  of  Art,    and  Itoko  Maeno,  SBMA  Teaching  Ar%st.    

 

 

A  lesson  featuring  the  SBMA  exhibit  Art  on  a  Human  Scale:    An:qui:es  from  the  Permanent  Collec:on    


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