Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration

Pages 220 - 236Pages 220 - 236

Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005

Chapter 9 Section 1Chapter 9 Section 1Chemical PathwaysChemical Pathways

Pages 221-225Pages 221-225What is cellular respiration?What is cellular respiration?

What happens during the process of What happens during the process of glycolysis?glycolysis?

What are the two main types of fermentation?What are the two main types of fermentation?

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Chemical Energy and FoodChemical Energy and Food FoodFood

Building blocks to grow and reproduceBuilding blocks to grow and reproduce EnergyEnergy

calorie calorie Energy measurementEnergy measurement Energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1Energy needed to raise 1 gram of water 1°C°C

CalorieCalorie Measurement on food productsMeasurement on food products 1,000 calories or a kilocalorie1,000 calories or a kilocalorie

SugarSugar 1 gram has 3811 calories or 3.8 Calories1 gram has 3811 calories or 3.8 Calories

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Pathway used to release energy from sugarPathway used to release energy from sugarCan occur without oxygen (OCan occur without oxygen (O22) – ) – ANAEROBICANAEROBIC

Can occur with oxygen (OCan occur with oxygen (O22) – ) – AEROBICAEROBIC

Always begins with Always begins with GLYCOLYSISGLYCOLYSISGlycolysis – glucose splittingGlycolysis – glucose splitting

Breaks one 6 carbon glucose in halfBreaks one 6 carbon glucose in halfForms two 3 carbon pyruvic acid molecules Forms two 3 carbon pyruvic acid molecules

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Overview of Cellular RespirationOverview of Cellular Respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.down glucose in the presence of oxygen.

Symbol EquationSymbol Equation6O6O22 + C + C66HH1212OO66 -> 6CO -> 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O + O + ENERGYENERGY

Word EquationWord Equationoxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water + oxygen + glucose -> carbon dioxide + water +

ENERGYENERGY

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

GlycolysisGlycolysis

GlycolysisGlycolysis – glucose splitting – glucose splittingBreaks one 6 carbon glucose in halfBreaks one 6 carbon glucose in halfForms two 3 carbon pyruvic acid moleculesForms two 3 carbon pyruvic acid molecules2 ATP used to start process2 ATP used to start processReleases Releases HIGH ENERGYHIGH ENERGY molecules molecules

4 ATP so “net gain” is only 2 ATP4 ATP so “net gain” is only 2 ATP2 NADH (a “cousin” of NADPH)2 NADH (a “cousin” of NADPH)

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

FermentationFermentation

Releases energy from food in the absence Releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen (of oxygen (anaerobic respirationanaerobic respiration))

TWO TYPESTWO TYPESAlcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

forms alcohol and carbon dioxideforms alcohol and carbon dioxide

Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentationforms lactic acidforms lactic acid

Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005

HomeworkHomework

Section Assessment 9-1Section Assessment 9-1

Complete questions 1 through 6 Complete questions 1 through 6 on looseleafon looseleaf

Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005

Chapter 9 Section 2Chapter 9 Section 2The Krebs Cycle and Electron The Krebs Cycle and Electron

TransportTransportPages 226-232Pages 226-232

What happens during Krebs Cycle?What happens during Krebs Cycle?

How are high-energy electrons used by How are high-energy electrons used by the electron transport chain?the electron transport chain?

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration

GlycolysisGlycolysis only releases 10% of the only releases 10% of the energy in a molecule of glucoseenergy in a molecule of glucoseRespirationRespiration – “breathing” is necessary to – “breathing” is necessary to

release the remaining energyrelease the remaining energyCellular RespirationCellular Respiration – uses oxygen by adding – uses oxygen by adding

two pathways to glycolysistwo pathways to glycolysisKrebs CycleKrebs Cycle – occurs in matrix of mitochondria – occurs in matrix of mitochondriaElectron TransportElectron Transport – occurs in cristae (inner – occurs in cristae (inner

membrane) of mitochondriamembrane) of mitochondria

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle

Nobel Prize 1953 – Hans KrebsNobel Prize 1953 – Hans Krebsa.k.a Citric Acid Cyclea.k.a Citric Acid Cycle

breaks down pyruvic acidbreaks down pyruvic acid releasing carbon dioxidereleasing carbon dioxide forming 2 ATPforming 2 ATP releasing high-energy electronsreleasing high-energy electrons

carried by NADH and FADHcarried by NADH and FADH22

occurs inoccurs in matrixmatrix of mitochondria of mitochondria

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Electron TransportElectron Transport uses energy from uses energy from

high energy high energy electrons to make electrons to make ATPATP HH+ + carried by NADcarried by NAD++

and FADand FAD++ forced forced from matrix to from matrix to intermembrane intermembrane spacespace

HH+ + escapes through escapes through ATP synthase ATP synthase forming ATPforming ATP

HH+ + rejoins electrons rejoins electrons and Oand O22 to form water to form water

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Energy TotalsEnergy Totals2 ATP to start glycolysis2 ATP to start glycolysis

GlycolysisGlycolysis6 ATP6 ATP

Pyruvic AcidPyruvic Acid6 ATP6 ATP

Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle2 ATP2 ATP

Electron TransportElectron Transport22 ATP22 ATP

Total: 36 ATP Total: 36 ATP

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005 Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Energy and ExerciseEnergy and Exercise

Quick Energy – “Fight or Flight”Quick Energy – “Fight or Flight” 90 second supply of ATP to muscle cells90 second supply of ATP to muscle cells needs no Oneeds no O22 – fermentation – fermentation produces lactic acid – oxygen debtproduces lactic acid – oxygen debt if not removed causes crampsif not removed causes cramps

Long Term EnergyLong Term Energy more than 90 seconds supply of ATPmore than 90 seconds supply of ATP uses Ouses O22 – aerobic respiration – aerobic respiration after 20 minutes stored glycogen from liver used upafter 20 minutes stored glycogen from liver used up start to metabolize fats for energystart to metabolize fats for energy

Created by C. IppolitoCreated by C. IppolitoDecember 2005December 2005

Updated Dec 2005Updated Dec 2005

HomeworkHomework

Section Assessment 9-2 page 232Section Assessment 9-2 page 232

Complete questions 1 through 5 Complete questions 1 through 5 on loose leafon loose leaf