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Creating a Green Stormwater Infrastructure Program
Gary BelanSenior Director, Clean Water Supply Program
February 9th, 2016
That range will increase with climate change
Dry
More frequent and intense
droughts
More frequent and intense
storms
Many places will also experience a shifting average.
Wet
Resilience in an age of climate change
Dry Wet
This will require significant changes in policies and practices as well as innovation and cooperation.
Level of resilience must increase to account for climate change
What is One Water?
The One Water approach considers the urban water cycle as a single integrated system, in which all urban water flows are recognized as potential resources, and the interconnectedness of water supply, groundwater, stormwater and wastewater is optimized, and their combined impact on flooding, water quality, wetlands, watercourses, estuaries and coastal waters are recognized.
Integrated Water Management“One Water”
WERF Sustainable Integrated Water Management Challenge
Optimize:Green
Infrastructure implementation
through analysis of co-benefits, maintenance needs, and gathering
performance data.
Transition:
Alternative Water Sources and Integrated
Planning into practice through
developing Tools, Permitting Guides, and
Technical Requirements for new
technologies.
Transform:
Watershed Management
through engagement of partners including
Urban Planners, Agricultural
Operations, and Forestry Programs & other stakeholders.
Need for Innovative Institutions
Stormwater control measures that harvest, infiltrate, and evapotranspirate stormwater are “critical to reducing the volume and pollutant loading of small storms.”
- National Research Council Report, 2008
Rain barrel, Delaware County, PA
Green roof, Heinz Center, Pittsburgh, PA Rain garden, Portland, OR
Green Infrastructure BMP’s
Urban vs. Rural
Impacts on the Hydropgraph
1. Outreach2. Metrics and Goals3. Local Policy4. Implementation5. Maintenance6. Valuing and Financing
Elements of a Green Infrastructure Program
Public Outreach
Public Outreach
Starters Rain garden
initiatives Rain barrel sales Community
workshops Scouting projects
More involved Municipal Task Force Integration with
Sustainability or Climate Change Plans
Development of Green Infrastructure Plans
Green Infrastructure Training Platform
www.americanrivers.org/green-infrastructure-training/
www.americanrivers.org/green-infrastructure-training/
Public Initiatives
Toledo, OHwww.raingardeninitiative.org
Grand Rapids, MIwmeac.org/rainbarrels/
Charlottesville, VAchoosecleanwater.org/toolkit/
This task force should be broad and collaborative Initially it should include all relevant city agencies, but
can be broadened to include non-governmental partners
Examples: Sustainability Director Chief Engineer City Development Director Director Department of Public Works Director Parks Department Director of City Transportation/Transportation Engineer City GIS and mapping team members
Establish a task force
Metrics and Goals
Examples: Reducing the number of combined sewer overflows Improving water quality Increase in green space
More specific metrics will come later. It’s important to know what your are trying to accomplish first
Green Infrastructure Portfolio Standard bit.ly/1QRuMFa
Commit to a broad measurable goal
Based on experience in the first year What percentage of our baseline are we
expecting to capture? How replicable is this from year to year? Establish an annual goal based on this analysis
that is achievable yet moves the bar 1%-2% annual reduction is our recommendation Reasonable to do some averaging over a series
of years do to construction timelines
Establish an annual goal
Benefits of a GI Portfolio Standard
Advantages similar to Renewable Portfolio Standards:• Long-term program: 10 – 20 years or more• Small annual goals: 1% – 2% per year• Flexible: allows use of infiltration, evapotranspiration
and harvesting water for reuse • Gives staff the ability to plan ahead, learn from
experience, adjust• Cost effective way to make progress• Green Infrastructure Portfolio Standard
bit.ly/1QRuMFa
Progress toward meeting GIPS goal is based upon designed performance, and not actual performance of installed green infrastructure. Obtaining actual retention data through empirical testing is encouraged where practicable, as this will allow a municipality to:
1.Confirm design criteria and intended benefits; 2.Measure additional benefits and adjust performance
goals as necessary; 3.Demonstrate value of investment in infrastructure,
and may: 4.Help to meet current or future regulatory
requirements.
Monitor Progress
Local Policy
Permitting Green Infrastructure: A Guide to Improving Municipal Stormwater Permits and Protecting Water Quality
MS4 Permit types with Green Infrastructure Components E.g. Standard Based on Percentile Storm,
Comparable to E.I.S.A. Section 438
Excerpts from Public Comment Letters on MS4 Permits
Link at: http://bit.ly/1TOT9pE
Municipal Stormwater Permits
I. Why local stormwater controls can be effective
II. Understanding the political landscapeIII. Choosing a local policyIV. Understanding key components of your
stormwater ordinanceV. Mobilizing Community Support
Local Water Policy(More of a guide than a tool)
http://bit.ly/1QpwtHd
1. Review current zoning code for regulatory barriers and quick improvements
2. Some zoning codes are “prescriptive” – requiring the use particular design features to control stormwater.
3. Take additional measures to reduce impervious surfaces
4. Promote the use of Specific LID Techniques5. Use “Overlay Districts” to add new
requirements to existing zoning districts
The following Ten Guidelines are intended to guide you in the selection of potential stormwater measures.
The other half….
6. Create standards to improve stormwater management in developed areas
7. Address the storage and use of pollutants that may come in contact with stormwater
8. Create and protect buffers for water resources
9. Require LID techniques for municipal projects
10.Connect zoning decisions to a comprehensive plan
EPA’s Water Quality Score Card
www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/water-quality-scorecard
This scorecard is a locally controlled self-assessment and guide for better incorporating green infrastructure practices at the municipal, neighborhood, and site scales.
Best if multiple departments are involved. Documents needed include:
Zoning Ordinances Subdivision Codes Street Standards or Design Guidelines Parking Requirements Setbacks Height Limitations Open Space or Natural Resource Plans Comprehensive Plans
Policy: The Scorecard
http://www.epa.gov/smartgrowth/water_scorecard.htm
Building & Implementation
Implementation
Have a plan Choose the right contractor Choose the right designer Be aware of compaction
Link at: www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/bmp-im/
Aspects to consider
Site selection BMP Selection Soil media selection Proper Storage
Volume Calculated
Maintenance
Was it built correctly? Does designed storage volume match actual storage
volume? Are maintenance requirements properly understood?
Function Aesthetics Safety
Costs of Maintenance Annual inspection and maintenance on sand filter - $1500 Cost to reconstruct sand filter: $30,000
Maintenance
Staying Green: Strategies to Improve Operations and Maintenance of Green Infrastructure in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
http://bit.ly/1omelat
Other Considerations:
BMP’s need: Regular inspection Protection from
sediment Regular trash
cleaning
Watch out for: Confining layers in
bioretention , particularly during construction (construction sequence is key).
Clogged outlets Cattails Clogged permeable
pavement (please vacuum).NCSU BMP Inspection and Maintenance Certification Programhttp://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/bmp-im/
Valuing & Financing
Financing Insecurity
Loans and grants go to“old” infrastructure
Bonds support largecapital projects
Ratepayers can’t fundmaintenance, let alone innovation
Problem : Communities challenged to finance sustainable infrastructure that meets current and future needs.
Key Challenges: Identify new
financing techniques for sustainable infrastructure
Directing private capital toward sustainable water management
Build new partnerships
Link at: http://bit.ly/1TQmjEM
Local Government Stormwater Financing Manual by Environmental Finance Center: http://bit.ly/1Se5bcu
Economic Value of Riparian Buffers http://bit.ly/20IFhCM
Funding Green Infrastructure in PA http://bit.ly/23V4ed8
Incentivizing Clean Water: A Great Lakes guide to incentivizing green infrastructure through stormwater credit programs.
Financing Resources
Valuing Green Infrastructure:
Link at: bit.ly/23V4ed8
Valuing Green Infrastructure:What are the measureable benefits?
Valuing Green Infrastructure:How does it work?
This guide focuses only on benefits – It’s not a cost/benefit analysis Two step process –
1. Quantification 2. Valuation
Focus of equations on 4 areas1. Water2. Energy 3. Air Quality 4. Climate Change
Seems small, but when you add it up:
A recent analysis of Lancaster, PA’s green infrastructure plan (both current and planned green infrastructure) show estimated total benefits over 25 years at approximately:
$127,000,000The bulk of this came in reduced infrastructure needs.
Case study at: http://1.usa.gov/1o0shHs
Full life-cycle analysis beyond scope of this guide This includes O&M
Local Performance and Regional Impacts need to be considered
Spatial scaling limitations For larger projects, a discounting analysis is
recommended Prices in some of the equations may have some
variability Double Counting
Valuing Green Infrastructure:Limitations
Questions?
The End