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Ashok Khosla Amsterdam 20 April 2006
Creating A New Resource: The Five Kingdoms of Nature
Energy Services
Development Alternatives
Resource Gross Potential Achieved
Wind 45000 MW 1628MW
Solar thermal 35 MW/sq km -
Solar photovoltaic 22 MW/sq km 2.24 MW
Biomass 3500 MW 381 MW
Small Hydro 15000 MW 1663 MW
Development Alternatives
Resource Gross Potential Achieved
Wind 45000 MW 1628MW
Solar thermal 35 MW/sq km -
Solar photovoltaic 22 MW/sq km 2.24 MW
Biomass 3500 MW 381 MW
Small Hydro 15000 MW 1663 MW
Development Alternatives
Zero Emission Research &
Initiatives (ZERI)
A Case Study from Colombia
Development Alternatives
Colombia
The Savannah in Vichada
trees along rivers only
Water is abundant 3 months per year
but the pH low
Development Alternatives
Trees do
not grow in
soil with
Low pH
Development Alternatives
population
suffers
from
gastro-
intestinal
diseases
and soil
considered
BAD
population
only 1 per 4 km2
no industry
no agriculture
Development Alternatives
Savannah Tropical
Forest
Biodiversity
Sustainable
Communities
Drinking Water
Carbon Sink
Biodiesel
Development Alternatives
Carbon Sink
Drinking Water
Sustainable Livelihood
Creation of Tropical Forest
regeneration of biodiversity
Production of Biodiesel
...... and so much more
each Program separately
would cost big money
as an integrated sytem
it can sustain itself
Development Alternatives
HOW
?
Development Alternatives
First
select
the tree
species
Caribbean Pine
not dominant
water friendly
Development Alternatives
Second
search for
symbiosis with
mycorrhizal
fungi
Pisolithus tinctorius
Development Alternatives
Third
create
tree nursery
drenching
trees in
fungus
Pisolithus tinctorius
+
Pinus caribbea
Development Alternatives
Fourth
prepare
treeling
for harsh life
in the
savannah
cutting the roots short
cutting the tops off only survivors are
planted in the forest
92% survival rate
Development Alternatives
Fifth
Design
planting
system
1,000 HA
three months
one tree every 2
seconds
Development Alternatives
Fifth
mono-
culture
generates
biodiversity
creation
of a humus cap birds, bees and wind
create the link with the other forests
Development Alternatives Humus Cap Reduces pH
Development Alternatives
Sixth
forest
becomes an
economic
engine
thriving on
diversity
tapping the trees
for resin
Development Alternatives
Sixth
forest
becomes an
economic
engine
thriving on
diversity
tapping the trees
for resin
Development Alternatives
Factory
Processing
Colofonia
Forest
Producing
Colofonia resin
Seven
create
value
added
and jobs
Development Alternatives
Seven
create
value
added
and jobs
Development Alternatives
Eight
diverse
forest
generates
drinking
water Drinking Water
Production
10 percent
increase in
precipitation
Development Alternatives
13 cu m (tonnes) of
pure drinking water
added for each ha,
each day
Development Alternatives Gaviotas water crystal by Dr. Masaru Emoto
Development Alternatives
Development Alternatives
Development Alternatives
if you sell 1 cu m of water per day
or 1,000 one-litre bottles
at the same price as Bisleri
This is the result of a systems approach to
sustainable development
then you secure the financing of
reforestation of 8,000 ha
over the next 25 years
Development Alternatives
if you plant 1,100 trees on one HA
This is the result of a systems approach to
sustainable development
you have to remove 500 trees
between Y6 and Y10
this provides
About 200,000 Tons of wood while
securing biodiversity,
drinking water, biodiesel and
lush forest growth
Development Alternatives
if you plant 100 palm trees per HA
then you start generating biodiesel
after 36 months,
1 tonne per ha per year!
8,000 ha provides 4 million liters of
biodiesel per year
while securing biodiversity,
drinking water, trees for paper and
lush forest growth
This is the result of a systems approach to
sustainable development
Development Alternatives
Development Alternatives
Development Alternatives
self-
sufficient in
water, food,
and
energy
Biodiesel
Development Alternatives
community generates
1 job every 4 HA
of regenerated rainforest
Fixing up to 18 tons of CO2/HA
for a total of 108 to 162,000 tons
per year
because you are drinking water from
Las Gaviotas?
This is the result of a systems approach to
sustainable development
Development Alternatives Las Gaviotas
Development Alternatives
Renewables
Development Alternatives Solar
Development Alternatives Indigenous
Development Alternatives
savannah to forest
generates carbon sink
factor 16 in 5 years
forest created with fungus
increases precipitation
generates drinking water
forest and water generate
jobs and sustainable
communities, and more
Development Alternatives
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Development Alternatives
creation
of the
republic
of music
Development Alternatives
over the past 21 years
there has been
no combat
no kidnapping
no denunciation
of human rights violations
in and around
Las Gaviotas and Marandúa
This is the result of a systems approach to
sustainable development
Development Alternatives
Development Alternatives
largest carbon sink
converting savannah into lush
forest
6,300,000 Hectares
from the
Government of Colombia
Plus Thousands More
from the Army
Development Alternatives
Project Summary Gaviotas I Gaviotas II
Years of Reforestation 1992-2004 2005-2030
Extension 8,000 HA 6,300,000 HA
Carbon Sink 25t/year/HA
trees (14 T/HA), undergrowth
and top soil (11 T/HA)
2.4 million Tons
(12 years)
10 million Tons (50
years)
3.9 billion Tons (25 years)
7.8 billion Tons (50 years)
Population 1,800 in rural
communities
est. 5-10,000,000 in
biocities
Full Time Jobs 200 est. 1,000,000 120,000 direct/ 880,000 indirect
Natural Drinking Water
50 m3/HA/day 110,000 m3/day 60 million m3/day
Development Alternatives
Investment Cost
US$ 1,000/HA planting and
maintenance
8 million US$ 6.6 bn US$
Funding 25% grant from Japan TBD
Biodiversity 250 new species
90% of Amazon origin TBD
Partners NGO Las Gaviotas
Japanese Government
Colombia, Japan, EU
Private Companies, Las
Gaviotas
Main Products Colophon / turpentine/
water
Agroproduce, wood chips,
biodiesel, rubber, water,
carbon sink
Land Ownership Las Gaviotas
Community
No man's land, Colombian
Government, Colombian
Military, colonists