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Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

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Luciano Serafini
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 Creating integrated domain, task and competency model Luciano Serafini FBK-irst, Trento, Italy Joint WORK with the partner of the APOSDLE EU PROJECT
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Page 1: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

Luciano SerafiniFBK­irst, Trento, Italy

Joint WORK with the partner of the APOSDLE EU PROJECT

Page 2: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Overview● Semantic technologies for organizations● Examples of conceptual models● The APOSDLE meta­model● Basic facts about ontologies● Proposal for a modeling activity

Page 3: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

In complex organizations

● Too many applications are being built with proprietary structures that are non­interoperable

● Many are busy mapping across islands using at best databases, and XML, but at worst documents and spreadsheets

● Semantic technology is a key enabler for realizing the renewed vision for integrating systems in complex organizaiton

Page 4: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Semantic technologies enables...

● System interoperability● Model­based systems engineering● Organizational memory● Knowledge management and reuse● Learning in work space

Page 5: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Basic reference architecture

M1

M3

M2

M4

Application

Application

Application

Application

Page 6: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Short introduction to APOSDLE learning platform

Page 7: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

Third Annual Review Meeting, Graz

19 May, 2009 / 7

Integrated support for 

learner, knowledgeable person and worker

learning activities within work and learning processes

within computational work environment

utilizing organizational memory

 Self­Directed (SD) Work­Integrated Learning (WIL) 

APOSDLE Key Distinctions:Learning Perspective

Page 8: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

Third Annual Review Meeting, Graz

19 May, 2009 / 8

APOSDLE Key Distinctions:Technological Perspective

● Hybrid Approach: Coarse grained semantic models complemented with soft computing approaches– Automatic discovery of work task/topic based on user interactions

– Automatic maintenance of user profiles based on user interactions 

– Automatic identification of similarities based on text, multi­media data and semantic analysis

– Automatic identification of prerequisite relations based on semantic analysis

Page 9: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

Third Annual Review Meeting, Graz

Use Cases?

RE Process

UC ...

AlanUC Actor !

Sara

Database File­Server

LMS CMS ...

BackendSystems

SemanticStructures

IntegratedKnowledgeStructure

Domain­Model (Ontology) Process Model

Competency Performance 

Structure

Work Context

Skills

User Profiles Associative Network

LearningGoal Model

Process ModelDomain  Model(Ontology)

Working tools Learning tools

Collaboration tools 

OrganizationalIT-Infrastructure

APOSDLE Platform

APOSDLE Tools

Users

APOSDLE P3

Page 10: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

Integrated Modeling of Domain, Tasks and Learning 

Goals

3rd Review Meeting, Graz

Page 11: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Short introduction on ontology engineering

Page 12: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

The goal of conceptual modeling

● To construct a conceptualization of a domain that describes the aspects of a domain which are relevant to a certain (set of) application.

● What is a Conceptualization? It is a formal representation of a domain in terms of a set of Concepts and a set of Relations between concepts. 

Page 13: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Example of ConceptualizationConceptual Graphs

Page 14: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Example of ConceptualizatioTopic maps

Page 15: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Example of conceptualizationSemantic networks

Page 16: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Example of conceptualizationRDF­gaphs

Page 17: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Example of conceptualizationTaxonomic classification

Page 18: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Example of conceptualizationPartinomy

Page 19: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Example of conceptualizationWeb Ontology

Page 20: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Formal ontology

● A formal ontology is a special type of conceptualization based on logic

● ( + )( + ) Advantages of logic:

– It is an UNAMBIGUOUS language

– It is MACHINE UNDERSTANDABLE– It is possible to implement AUTOMATIC 

REASONING ALGORITHMS● ( – )( – ) Drawbacks of logic: it is NOT INTUITIVE for humans. 

– Difficulties to read logic

– Difficulties to formalize concepts in logic

Page 21: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Try yourself:

Elephants are gray  mammal which have a trunck

Elephant = Mammal ⊓ ∃ bodyPart.Trunk ⊓ ∀color.Gray

Elephants are heavy mammals, except for Dumbo elephants that are light

Elephant = Mammal ⊓

(∀weight.heavy ⊔ (Dumbo ⊓ ∀weight.Light)a

Page 22: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

A four slide Introduction to ontologies

(1)The language of ontologies

(2)It's meaning 

(3)Expressing general knowledge (Tbox)

(4)Expressing specific knowledge (Abox)

Page 23: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Ontologies are formal theories based on a formal language:

● Basic components of the language of ontologies are 

● CONCEPTS (aka CLASSES, TYPES)– ANIMAL, FELINE, CAT, TAIL, ...

● RELATIONS (aka ROLES, ATTRIBUTES)– LOVES, IS_FRIEND_OF, LIVES_IN

● INDIVIDUALS (aka OBJECTS, CONSTANTS)– Garfield, John, Italy, France, ...

Page 24: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Formal languages has an unambiguous interpretation

● Every concept A is interpreted in a set.– CAT = (Fido, Garfield, Felix, cat1, cat2, ...}– TAIL = {tail­of­fido, tail­of­garfield, … }

● The elements of a concept are called Instances of the concepts– Fido, Garfield, ... are instances of the concept CAT, 

● Every relation R is interpreted in a set of pairsof instances– LOVES = {<john,mary> <paolo,elena>, 

<luciano,cecilia> … }

Page 25: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Axioms are statements in the formal language which holds on the 

domain we want to describe (1)

● A Subclass of B means that all the instances of A are also instances of B – CAT SubClass of ANIMAL means that each cat is 

also an animal

● R Subrelation of S = all the pairst in R are also contained in S

– IS_FRIEND_OF SubRelation KNOWS  means that it's not possible for two individuals to be friends without knowing eachother

Page 26: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

● o ofType C (also written as C(o)) means that the object o is contained in the set of instances of C

– Italy ofType COUNTRY, means that COUNTRY = {.... italy … }

● o R o' (also written as R(o,o)) means that the object o is in relation R with the object o', I .e. that R = {… <o,o'> …} 

– Trentino is_pert_of Italy, means that trentino region is a part of the italian territory.

Axioms are statements in the formal language which holds on the 

domain we want to describe (1)

Page 27: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Ontology engineering

● Ontology engineering is the “art” of constructing useful, correct, compact and computationally sustainable conceptualizations in the form of formal ontologies. 

● Usually those who retain knowledge about a certain domain (domain experts) are not experts in logic and are not interested in becoming expert. 

● Usually experts in logic (knowledge engineers) have superficial and commonsense knowledge about a certain domain. 

● In ontology engineering domain experts and knowledge engineers need to collaborate to build useful and correct ontology based conceptualizations.

Page 28: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

Collaborative Modelling

3rd Review Meeting, Graz

Page 29: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

Collaborative Modeling…June 3, 2009

3rd Review Meeting, Graz

Page 30: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

…with dedicated supporting tools 

Page 31: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Two collaborative tools for ontology  engineering

● Moki = Modelling WiKi  is a collaborative tool that provides support for enabling domain experts, who do not necessarily have knowledge engineering skills, to model business domains and simple processes directly.

● Collaborative Protege is an extension of the existing Protege system that supports collaborative ontology editing as well as annotation of both ontology components and ontology changes.

Page 32: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Proposal for a modeling experience● We constitute n modelling groups G(1) .... G(n)

● Mon­Tue

– G1..G(n/2) models moki producing models M1.. M(n/2)

– G(n/2+1)...Gn model with collaborative protege and produce models M(n/2+1) … M(n)

● Wed­Thu

– G1..G(n/2) revse the models M(n/2+1)...M(n) in collaborative protege 

– G(n/2+1)...Gn revise the models M(1)...M(n/2) in moki● Fri discussion on the experience and evaluation of the results

Page 33: Creating integrated domain, task and competency model

   

Domain model and task model for... Technology enhanced learning

● The resulting model should allow to represent 

– Classification of results, methodologies, scientific articles, and tools in the area of TAL

– Construction of a semantic social network in which people and organizations and activities are connected by common/complementary interests

● The resulting model could be used for

– Searching for results, paper, people, projects, possible collaborations

– Learning about TEL

– Keyword selection for semantic tagging 

– ...


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