Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as as the backbone of Smart Distributionthe backbone of Smart Distribution
Darmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12‐‐14 April 201114 April 2011
Guillermo RaveraGuillermo Ravera(La Salle(La Salle‐‐Universitat Ramon Llull)Universitat Ramon Llull)
Laura CorbeiraLaura Corbeira(Endesa Servicios)(Endesa Servicios)
Creating new ICT networks on Smart Grids service
(http://www.fp7integris.eu)
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 2
Outline
The INTEGRIS ProjectProject objectivesRequirementsExamples of Smart Grid Use CasesICT ChallengesIdeas/hints for possible solutions
2
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 3
Project full title: INTelligent Electrical Grid Sensor communicationsGrant agreement no.: 247938Date of initiation: 1st February, 2010Duration: 30 months
The INTEGRIS project
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union European Atomic Energy Community 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007‐2013 FP7/2007‐2011) under grant agreement n° 247938
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 4
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OBJECTIVES :• Research on the efficient integration and interoperability of PLC and wireless technologies (WSN, IEEE802.11n, RFID)
• Research and development of an autonomous self‐healing ICT system with QoS guarantees for Smart Grids.
• To contribute to the development of IEC 61850 technology within the electrical distribution network
INTEGRIS ObjectivesINTEGRIS is a novel and flexible ICT system, based on the integration of PLC and WSN technologies, able to completely and efficiently fulfill communication requirements for future Smart Grids.
OTHER RESEARCH LINES: • Multilevel security framework• Application of Distributed Systems techniques to Smart Grids• Application of Cognitive techniques to Smart Grids
BASIC OBJECTIVE :• To define and develop an integrated ICT environment able to efficiently encompass the communications requirements that can be foreseen for Smart Grids.
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 5
RequirementsA Smart Grid needs a wide communications network, robust and flexible. The requirements of the communications network depend on the applications.
FUNCTION TYPE FUNCTION CLASSCLASS MODE
Value/signalTransfer time (*)
Availability in Grid State
Reliability level
Active Protection Functions (@ HV/MV‐MV/LV level)
APFBlock & trip Signal
<=20msNormal Perturbed Crisis
Very High
Command Control & Regulation CMDO/C commandLoad sheddingPeak shaving
<=2sNormal Perturbed Crisis
High
Monitoring & Analysis MONAnalogical & Digital TVPP
>=2sNormal Perturbed Crisis
High
Advanced meter function
Advanced Meter & Supply Management function (Commercial functionalities
AMS
Energy meas.,Supply mngt. Command,Alarm signals
<=5m‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐<=10s
Normal Low
Active Demand ‐DR functions
End to End Information Exchange and Management
IEMEnergy meas.,CVPP/LoadOther signals
<=5m<=5s
NormalPerturbed
Medium
SEN mangement function
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 6
INTEGRIS project will design Smart Grid applications for the power distribution network, and will implement some of them in field trials, in order to proof the validity of the developed ICT infrastructure.
Smart Grid Use Cases 1/2
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 7
Smart Grid Use Cases 2/2INTEGRIS project will design Smart Grid applications for the power distribution network, and will implement some of them in field trials, in order to proof the validity of the developed ICT infrastructure.
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 8
ICT challenges in Smart Grids 1/2The future of Electric System comes from the construction of an adaptive, optimized, integrated and distributed Intelligent Distribution Network, interactive with consumers and markets
New kind of services:• Services with very low delay and very high availability at the same time• Services difficult to be amenable to flows• Services with no connection establishment (Always connected)• Wide array of requirements• Services over L2 (Goose messages)
Extending the concept of Smart Grids to distribution networks:• Distribution networks are complex, spread over the territory and, in great part, buried or underground.
• The topology of the power network is different in each country.• Difficulty of designing an ICT infrastructure spreading all over the Power distribution network having the required high availability and low delay.
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 9
ICT challenges in Smart Grids 2/2
Networking challenges:• Self healing, • QoS for Smart Grids, • long life‐time of electrical infrastructures, • Heterogeneous communications network with several technologies• Great number of legacy protocol already deployed and that have to be maintained
Security challenges:• Secure communications• Backwards compatible with devices without any provisions for security
The future of Electric System comes from the construction of an adaptive, optimized, integrated and distributed Intelligent Distribution Network, interactive with consumers and markets
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 10
Some answers to the challenges 1/2Smart Grids need a spread communications network, with a low cost of deployment, and a distributed ICT system, capable of dynamically adapting to the medium
High availability:• Meshing the communications system• Dual homing• Locate storage and computing platforms on the distribution network
• Replicating data in different platforms • Distributing applications
Low delay:• Networking at MAC layer• Spreading the MAC layer all over the distribution segment (MV+LV)• Fast recovery/self healing
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 11
Some answers to the challenges 2/2Smart Grids need a spread communications network, with a low cost of deployment, and a distributed ICT system, capable of dynamically adapting to the medium
Buried or underground infrastructure: PLC/BPL necessaryServices difficult to be amenable to flows: New concepts to control QoSAlways connected services: Need to share the resources fairlyNo connections: Planning/dimensioning for some services plus prioritization or class based service for the rest
Goose messages: Provide a way to create a L2 network over the distribution segments. Interconnecting different L2 technologies to provide a L2 network capable of spanning the distribution segment under consideration.
Complex networks: • PLC/BPL ( follow closely the electrical infrastructure)• Different communication technologies (PLC, Wireless, Fiber Optics,..)• An ICT system covering a distribution segment can be considered a new kind of ITU T NGAN
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 12
INTEGRIS Device
BPL network
Wireless network
BPL network
I-Dev
I-Dev
NBPLC
RFID
LRWSN
LRWSN
I-Dev
I-Dev
Internet
I-Dev
I-NMS
TCP/IP
DMS
I-Dev
I-Dev I-Dev
I-DevI-Dev
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
Networking and QoSLines being explored: Forming a super L2 heterogeneous network BPL+Wireless
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 13
I‐Dev
PLC‐R
PLC HE PLC‐HE
I‐Dev
PLC‐R
STA
I‐Dev
PLC‐CPE
PLC‐R
MV MV/LV
LV
PLC‐R
PLC HE
PLC‐CPE
MV/LV
I‐Dev
PLC‐R
STA
PLC‐R
LV
PLC‐R
MV MV MV I‐Dev
Wireless
LV LV
MV MV
AP Possibility
It can be a mesh or direct link
STA
Wireless
STA
Example of a network
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 14
Security 1/3
IEC 62351 mandates the use of TLS to assure end‐to‐end security Challenge 1:
• The Smart Grid needs intermediate storage and computing platforms.• IEC 62351 currently does not offer application layer end‐to‐end security if multiple transport layer connections are used. Trusted TLS proxies may be a solution for the time‐being but not “the solution”. This way may be a weakness.
For some Other challenges in Smart Grid security are:• NISTIR 7628 Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security (three Volumes)
Finally, it is interesting to realize that currently most electrical devices do not handle any level of security.
Security for standard IEC 61850 is addressed by standard IEC 62351
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 15
Source: Steffen Fries*, Hans Joachim Hof*, Maik Seewald; „Enhancing IEC 62351 to Improve Security for Energy Automation in Smart Grid Environments”, 2010 Fifth International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services, Barcelona, Spain
Just a reflection:
Security in the Smart Grid is quite different from Office cases
Security 2/3
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 16
Security 3/3
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 17
Lines being explored:
•Data replication in different platforms to improve data reliability and fault tolerance.
•Replication in circles around the primary repository with decreasing consistency.
•However, replication increases the number of messages transmitted and could reduce the system throughput if not properly engineered.
Distributed System Techniques
MV cubicle 61850
INTEGRIS LV SYSTEM
INTEGRIS MV SYSTEM
MV-IDev
MV_01.aTopologyChanges
Propagation
<<artifact>>
PLC
LR WSN
MV_01.bAutomaticSelectivity
Reconfiguration
<<artifact>>
MV_02 Faullocation,
isolation andrestoration
<<artifact>>MV_03 Early
abnormalconditionsdetector
<<artifact>>
MV_04 Voltageregulator
<<artifact>>
RFID
HR Wireless
Ethernet
DB manager<<artifact>>
configuration (mesh + QoS)<<artifact>>
cognitive agent<<artifact>>
security agent<<artifact>>
middleware<<artifact>>
DB
Control System (MV view)
console
DMS<<artifact>>
EMS<<artifact>>
OMS<<artifact>>
AMI<<artifact>>
Others<<artifact>>
TCP/IP
MV App<<artifact>>
NMS<<artifact>>
LV App<<artifact>>
MV cubicle controllerserial
wiredwired
OvercurrentProtection
<<artifact>>Fault Location<<artifact>> Position
andAlarm
sensors
Measures
MV PQ monitor
LR WSN
wired
STATCOM Controller
Ethernet
can bus
Operatoreyes & hands
Breaker
wired
Switch
wired
VT
wired
CT
wiredSTATCOM
can bus
IEC 61850FTP
MODBUS
CAN Open
IEC 60870-5-104
HMI
Digital Input/Output
Analog Input
WSN
INTEGRIS NMS
Ethernet
TCP/IP
ICT app 1<<artifact>>
middleware<<artifact>>
ICT app n<<artifact>>
security agent<<artifact>>
cognitive agent<<artifact>>
configuration (mesh + QoS)<<artifact>>
DB manager<<artifact>>
DB router (off-the-shelf)Ethernet
Ethernet
TCP/IP
PLC (modem)
Ethernet
HE
The PLC connection can be also wirelss because both support ethernet as Layer 2
MV-IDev
MV_01.aTopologyChanges
Propagation
<<artifact>>
PLC
LR WSN
MV_01.bAutomaticSelectivity
Reconfiguration
<<artifact>>
MV_02 Faullocation, isolationand restoration
<<artifact>>MV_03 Early
abnormalconditionsdetector
<<artifact>>
MV_04 Voltageregulator
<<artifact>>
RFID Ethernet
LV App
DB manager<<artifact>>
configuration (mesh + QoS)<<artifact>>
cognitive agent<<artifact>>
security agent<<artifact>>
middleware<<artifact>>
HR Wireless
DB
The different IDEV can make a mesh using PLC or Wireless. The PLC network will be formed by CPE, HE and Repeaters andthe Wifi network will be formed by AP and so on.Nevertheless, in the diafram is only represented one element of the PLC networks.
The MV cubicle is considered an unique deviceThis device is fromed by the gateway and the MV cubicle controller wich is formed by the Protection devices and the Fault locator
This port has to understand all these protocols?, make a translator is not an objective.Is there in the market some translator that can suite, for example, DLMS to 61850?
MV Smartmeter
LR WSN
LV IDev
LV_01 LVPQVI
Monitoring
<<artifact>>
LV_02 LV PQMonitoring
<<artifact>> LV_04 LVVoltage
regulator
<<artifact>>LV_05
CustomerIsolation
<<artifact>>
LR/HR PLC
PLC
DBDB manager
<<artifact>>configuration(mesh + QoS)
<<artifact>>cognitive agent<<artifact>>
security agent<<artifact>>
middleware<<artifact>>
LV Customer gateway
LR/HR PLC
Ethernet
Reading agent Writing agent
IEC 61850
IEC 61850 data model based XML
PLC (modem) EthernetHE
Schneider modbus ->61850 gateway (G3200)
serial
Ethernet
As it is defined now, it seems unovidable that each Use Case message has to be translated between pairs of protocols ateach integris device (DLMS; 61850,104, modbus and so on). These add complexity and delay to INTEGRIS, affecting the performance of applications. To mitigate the problem, the integris device will have to be defined in a 61850 centric way. This means that the rest of protocols will suffer translation delays but the native 61850 equipment will suffer less delay because they don't require the translation.
Leyend
HE: Head EndHR Wireless: High Rate WirelessLR WSN: Low Rate Wireless Sensor NetworkRFID: Radio Frequency IDentifierPLC: Power Line Communications
DLMS
<<includes>>
Includes All MV UseCases Includes All LV UseCases
<<includes>>
WAN
HTTP
DLMS/COSEM
<<use>><<send>>
LV Smart meter
wired
LR PLC
LV App5LV App1
VT
wired
CT
wired
Breaker
wired
<<use>>
HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
CT
wired
Breaker
wired
VT
wired
LV Smart meter
wired
LR PLC
LV App5LV App1
LV PQ monitor
wired
LR WSN
LV App2
Load control switch
LR WSN
PV LV DER
PV Inverter(power
electronics)
Modbus
PV InverterControllerModbus
LV Modbus to IEC 61850 gateway (G3200)
ModbusEthernet
LV Home automation
LR WSN
Ethernet
EthernetLV App1
LV App4
<<includes>><<use>>
<<use>>
<<includes>>
<<send>>
<<send>>
z-wave
<<use>>
<<trace>>
LV Customer gateway may be a smart meter (i.e. same device as LV Smart Meter) or other type of gateway device like Endesa's Proxima.
Home energy management system is an independent system. It should have an interface towards Integris LV system.
Global INTEGRIS architecture
Novel solutions of the information and communication technology Novel solutions of the information and communication technology as the backbone of Smart Distributionas the backbone of Smart DistributionDarmstadt, 12Darmstadt, 12--14 April 201114 April 2011 19
European FP7 projectEuropean FP7 projectINTEGRIS INTEGRIS -- INTElligent GRId Sensor communicationsINTElligent GRId Sensor communications